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2007 1906 2005

0.74 100 10
0.074 50 10 0.128 25 1981
2005 10 0.177 20

0.8 1.4

280 ppm 2010 389 ppm

2009 8 8
500

2005 2008 2012 5

1990
5
2009 12 719
15 193
2 16
2010 11 29 12 10
2

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2009

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2009
2004 2008

2007

100

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1.13
1.1.13
1.24
1.2.1IPCC 4
1.2.25
1.3IPCC 7
1.3.17
1.3.27
1.3.3IPCC 8
1.49
1.4.1 100 9
1.4.2 21 10
1.4.312
1.513
1.5.115
1.617
1.6.117
1.6.219
1.6.32010 50 20
1.721
1.7.123
1.825

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1.8.125
1.8.226
1.8.330
1.932
33

...............................................................
2.137
2.1.138
2.1.239
2.1.3 65 39
2.1.440
2.243
2.345
2.3.147
2.3.249
2.451
2.554
2.5.156
2.657
2.6.159
2.6.260
2.6.362
2.6.462
2.6.563
2.6.663
2.6.764
2.764

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2.865
2.866
2.968
2.9.168
2.9.269
2.9.370
2.9.471
2.9.573
2.9.674
2.1076
2.1179
80

................................................
3.183
3.1.1 21 83
3.1.283
3.2 6 86
3.321 88
3.421 90
3.593
3.5.193
3.5.294
3.5.396
3.5.497
3.5.599
3.5.6100
3.5.7102

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3.5.8103
3.5.9104
3.5.10105
3.6107
3.6.1107
3.6.2108
3.7109
110

..................................................
4.1113
4.1.1113
4.1.2118
4.2 10 121
4.2.1122
4.2.2123
4.2.3125
4.2.4126
4.2.5129
4.3130
4.3.1131
4.3.2132
4.3.3133
4.3.4134
4.3.5135
4.3.6137
4.4138
4.4.1138

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4.4.2141
4.4.3144
4.5145
4.5.1145
4.5.2 20 148
4.6149
4.6.1149
4.6.2150
4.6.3152
4.6.4153
4.7154
4.7.1155
4.7.2155
4.7.3155
4.7.4156
4.7.5158
4.8159
4.8.1159
4.8.2160
4.9160
4.10162
4.11163
4.11.1164
4.11.2165
4.11.3166
4.11.4167
4.12169
4.12.1 3170

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4.12.2170
4.12.3172
4.13174
4.13.1174
4.13.2175
4.12.3177
4.14179
180

..............................................
5.1185
5.1.1185
5.1.2187
5.1.3189
5.1.3192
5.2194
5.2.1194
5.2.2205
5.2.3208
5.2.4210
5.3213
5.4216
5.4.1216
5.4.2221
5.5222
225

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.......................................
6.1226
6.1.1229
6.1.2231
6.1.3235
6.1.4237
6.1.5238
6.1.6238
6.2240
6.3242
6.3.1242
6.3.2244
6.4246
6.4.1247
6.4.2248
6.4.3249
6.4.4253
6.5254
6.5.1254
6.5.2260
6.5.3265
6.5.4266
6.6268
6.7273
6.7.1273
6.7.2275
6.7.3276

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6.7.4279
6.7.5281
6.8282
6.9284
6.10291
6.10.1292
6.10.2 279 293
6.10.3294
6.11299
302

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Chapter 1


1.1
1.1.1
46 39

1.1

1.1
14 12,756 km
NASA

C O 2

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1.2

1.2 400 12,104 km

1.2 -50 6,792 km (NASA)

Global
Warming

1.2
1.2.1IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change IPCC 2007
The Fourth Assessment Report Climate Change
2007
working group

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Chapter 1


20
greenhouse effect

1.2.2
(1)(2)
(3)(4)
100
0.74

Atmospheric greenhouse
effecct1.3
greenhouse gas GHG

1.4

2008 9
3 2009 8

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1.3

http://www.
global-greenhouse-warming.com/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html
1.3 IPCC

1.4 30%
70%

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Chapter 1


1.3IPCC
1.3.1
2007 IPCC
Al Gore

IPCC United Nations Environment

Programme UNEPWorld Meteorological
Organization WMO 1988

2007

1.3.2
1997
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change UNFCCC FCCC

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Kyoto
Protocol
An Inconvenient Truth 2006
1.5

1.5 IPCC
2007 http://movies.nytimes.com/2006/05/24/
movies/24trut.html

1.3.3IPCC
IPCC UNEP WMO

IPCC WG
WG

WG

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Chapter 1


IPCC Rajendra K. Pachauri

1.6

1.6 IPCC IPCC 2007

IPCC

1.4
1.4.1 100
100 1906 2005 0.74

1.7
150 1856 2005
10 0.045 100 1906 2005 10
0.074 50 1956 2005 10

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10

0.128 25 1981 2005 10

0.177 1 20
1.7

595% 10

10

2008

1.7 1880 2005 1961 1990 5

NASA, 2008
1.7 1856 2005 1861 1990
10 150
0.045/10 100 0.074/10
50 0.128/10 25
0.177/10 IPCC

1.4.2 21
20 50 1,300 50
1970
1.8 21
2005 2010
1998 El Nino

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Chapter 1
11

1.818502005 19611990 1970

NOAA/NCDC,
HadCRUT, and NASA GISS

NOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric

AdministrationNCDCNational Climatic Data Center
2010 10 1901
2000 2010 10
14.5 1901 2000 10 0.542010
10 1880 10
2003 10
NOAA-NCDC 1880 2010
131 19012000
1.1 21
2010 2005
20 0.62 1880
2009 1880 21 10

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12

20 0.541990
0.36 1880
21 2010 11 2000
2008 20 1998
1
1.11880 2010 131 10 1901
2000 NOAA/NCDC
Global Top 10 Warmest Years (Jan-Dec)

Anomaly

Anomaly

2010

0.62

1.12

2005

0.62

1.12

1998

0.60

1.08

2003

0.58

1.04

2002

0.58

1.04

2009

0.56

1.01

2006

0.56

1.01

2007

0.55

0.99

2004

0.54

0.97

2001

0.52

0.94

1.4.3

100 1.4 1990

1.9
100 1.4

19211951
1960 1950

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Chapter 1
13

1.919012006
19012000 5

19802001 0.7 100

30
100

30

1.5
20 17 cm
18801990 2.0 mm 1993

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14

3.4 mm 1.10 1.6 mm

0.77 mm 0.21 mm 0.21
mm 0.3 mm

cm

10

2mm

3.4mm

1.1018801990 20 mm
34 mm/10 OSS: Open Source Systems, Science,
Solutions

sea level rise

1
0.02%
3,000 m

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Chapter 1
15

(a)

(b)

(c)

19611990 mm

1.11(a)(b)
(c) 34
19611990 10
IPCC 2007

1.5.1
2009 3
m
4050 cm 4

10
2009 10
Mohamed Nasheed

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16

6 m

1.12

1.12 2009 10 17
14
1.12 2010 11 10

Tu v a l u

1.13

1.13http:\\
www.tuvaluislands.com

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Chapter 1
17

10

1 m 10%
2009

30
100

1.6
1.6.1
cryosphere

Younger Dryas event

65 N
19652005
1 19662004
2

4,520 km 8 190 km

19222005 34
2

270 km 1.14

169 1700 2000

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18

20

1970
1990
19662009 3

4
3

34

2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4

68

72 76 80

84

88 92

96 00

04 08

1.14 34
1.14 3 19662009 1980
NOAA

Northern Sea Route

NSR

1.15
MV Nordic Barents 2010 9 4 4
Kirkenes

26
5,000
8 18

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Chapter 1
19

1.15 2010 9 4

1.15

1.6.2
Walter Vergara2008
The Impacts of Climate Change
in Latin America. 5 1940
BoliviaChacaltaya
99% 1.16
18,000
Portage Glacier
Glaciar Upsala 1.16

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20

1.16 194019821996 2005

1.16 200
Walter Vergara

1.6.32010 50

University of Delaware
Andreas Muenchow NASA
Petermann
2

Glacier 2010 8 5 260 km

50
4 160 m
1/2
Nares Strait

1962
Ward Hunt Ice Shelf
81 N61 E 1,000 km NASA
2010 8 5

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305

Wo r l d W i d e
Fund for Nature WWF

gigatons50

261, 303
W o r l d

Meteorological Organization

land degradation in the

WMO7

drylands293

International
Monetary Fund IMF

soil moisture
content122
North Atlantic
Oscillation NAO
140

41
Wo r l d E c o n o m i c
Forum WEF302
Wo r l d B a n k
WB41

savanna125
industrial dust68

Northern Sea Route

inland tsunami133
decomposition49
Japanese Encephalitis178
International
Union for the Conservation of

NSR18
Arctic Oscillation
AO139
Renewables and Efficiency
Deployment Initiative276

Nature and Natural Resources

Very likely99

IUCN165

Likely99

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306

Extremely likely
99
positive feedback
49
permafrost or permafrost
soil159
growing season94
Biodiversity163
bioethanol263
Biofuel262
Methane
clathrate52

The Global
Framework for Climate
Services 292
Global Hunger
Index GHI124
Global Warming4
Global Green New
Deal273
Joint Implementation
JI242
common property
285, 301
Glacier19, 20,

Sousa chinensis288

149, 156, 158

photochemical

Ice Shelf20

smog65, 176

cryosphere17

photosynthesis49

glacial period32

synthetic

Global
Biodiversity Outlook164,
180
G l o b a l Wi n d
Energy Council
GWEC258
World Climate
Service System WCSS
292

biofuels263
Law of Mother
Earth302
polycentric
governance284
Annual
Greenhouse Gas Index
AGGI41
Milankovitch
cycle32

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307

U.S.National Snow and Ice

L o w

C a r b o n

Economy246, 247

Data Center154, 155, 156

U.S. Federal
Emergency Management

the Amazon
arc of deforestation161
I T T Ya s u n i

Agency FEMA118
United
Kingdom Accreditation

I s h p i n g o Ta m b o c o c h a
TiputiniITTTrust Fund
287

Service UKAS241

BedZED248
negative feedback

Kyoto Protocol
8, 231

50
precipitation

Hybrid Electric Vehicle

HEV268

patterns97
Bali Action

blocking high142
Non-Governmental
Organization NGO
290

plan235

Home Energy
Management System
HEMS276

In home monitor
267

Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change IPCC
4

Climate
Te c h n o l o g y C e n t e r a n d
Network240
Sea Ice Index154,
155, 156
Ozone Depleting
Substances ODS230

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308

Battery Electric

International Food Policy

Vehicle BEV268

Research Institute

ozone hole59

IFPRI124

Desertification271,
293

Virtually certain99
Clean Devel-

Palmer Drought Index/

Palmer Drought Severity
Index PDSI99
International Civil
Av i a t i o n O rg a n i z a t i o n
ICAO264
Founding
an International Renewable
Energy Agency

scenario86

IRENA265
EM-DAT26
International
Ozone Layer Protection
Day60
International
Air Transport Association
IATA263
International
Emission Trading IET
242

opment Mechanism
CDM236, 242
137, 138, 205, 206,
222
Product carbon
footprinting240
The
Fourth Assessment Report
Climate Change 2007
4
runoff122
Dobson Unit
DU229

Readiness Mechanism236
Plug-in Hybrid
E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s
PHEV269
Smart Meter266
Forest Carbon

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309

Partnership Facility
FCPF236
dengue fever178
frost day95
Superbug174, 221
interglacial period32
Umbrella Effect69
precipitation
intensity97

particulate matter
PM68
Yo u n g e r D r y a s
event17

Initiatives ZERI282

troposphere65
hantavirus178
Malaria178
Carbon Footprint
LabelCarbon
L a b e l
Carbon Emission Label
240
Carbon Finance
Mechanism236
Carbon capture
and storage CCS271

precession32

green jobs275

vulnerable

Green Climate

VU165
A t m o s p h e r i c
greenhouse effect5
greenhouse gas
GHG5

Fund239
Green Economy
GE273
Montreal
Protocol Gas58

39

Montreal Protocol

El Nino10

Maunder Minimum

E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e
EV268

Zero Emissions Research

72

Jet Stream131
Germanwatch

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310

301
N u m e r i c a l
Simulation23

Preservation of the Ozone

Layer230

standardized

United Nations Framework

precipitation index

Convention on Climate

SPI128

Change UNFCCC

tropical rainforest
104
Adaptation Fund
236

Great Barrier Reef

171

The Environmental
S c i e n c e a n d Te c h n o l o g y
Parks281
sustainability
managers275
Environmental
Impact Assessment
EIA250
UN
Convention to Combat
Desertification271
UN
International Day for the

FCCC7
United
Nations International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction
UNISDR117
United
Nations Environment
Programme UNEP7
Food and
Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
FAO124

United Nations
World Food Programme
UNFP124

S a ff i r- S i m p s o n S c a l e
147
The Blue Economy
282

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311

Zooxanthella170

Epidemiology of Disasters

113

melioidosis217

Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SARS174, 221
aerosols85

CDIACCarbon Dioxide
Information Analysis
Center45
CESMCommunity Earth System
Model85
CREDCentre for Research on

EIAEnergy Information
Administration87
E M - D AT E m e r g e n c y E v e n t s
Database113
MMD Multi-Model Data
set102
NCARNational Center for
Atmospheric Research85
NCDCNational Climatic Data
Center11
NOAANational Oceanic
a n d

A t m o s p h e r i c

Administration11
SRESIPCC Special Report on
Emissions Scenarios87

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.
., 2011.09

ISBN 978-957-11-6393-2
1.2.
328.8018

100015706

5U06

Global Climate Change crisis and opportunity

G P N :1010002768
ISBN9789571163932

237032

(02)8671-1111

(02)8671-1274

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