1

z DSB/AM/SSB
z
z
z
z
z

(DSB)
(SSB)
(AM)

z
z
z
z
z

PT B >W

N0
(W/Hz)
2

1
N0
2

yD ( t )

1
N0
2

1
- B 2 N0 df = N0 B
B

(SNR)

PT
(SNR)i =
N0 B

-
m(t)

1
N0
2

1
-W 2 N0 df = N0W
W

1
N0
2

PT
(SNR )o =
N 0W

(SNR)O
PT N 0 B B
=
=
(SNR)i N 0W PT W

-
PT
(SNR)i =
N0 B

PT
(SNR )o =
N 0W

yD ( t )

(DSB-SC)
(DSB)

(IF)

N0
(W/Hz)
2

xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t)

xc (t )

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

yD (t )

2cos(c t + )

(DSB-SC)
SN0 ( f )
1
N0
2

fc W

fc +W

fc W

fc + W

N0
2W 2 = 2 N 0W

10

(DSB-SC)
z

x r (t)=Ac m(t ) cos(c t + ) + n(t )

m(t) ()

z IF(t) 2W

e2 (t ) = Ac m(t ) cos(c t + ) + nc (t ) cos(c t + ) - ns (t ) sin(c t + )

n02 (t ) = nc2 (t ) = ns2 (t ) = 2 N 0W

n0 (t ) = IF(n(t))

11

(DSB-SC)
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t)
e2 (t )

e3 (t )

yD (t )

2cos(c t + )

e2 (t ) = Ac m(t ) cos(c t + ) + nc (t ) cos(c t + ) - ns (t ) sin(c t + )

1 2 2
Ac m 2WN 0
2
Ac2 m 2
(SNR) T =
4WN 0

12

(DSB-SC)
e3 (t )

e3 (t ) = AC m(t ) + AC m(t )cos(C t + ) + nC (t )

+ nC (t )cos(C t + ) nS (t )sin(C t + )

SN0 ( f )

y D (t ) = AC m(t ) + nC (t )

N0

2
2
A
m
C

n = 2 N 0W
2
C

13

(DSB-SC)

(SNR )D

AC2 m2
=
2 N 0W

1 2 2
PT = AC m
2

PT
( SNR) D =
N 0W

14

(DSB-SC)
(SNR) D (SNR)T (detection gain)

(SNR) D Ac2 m 2 4 N 0W
=

=2
2
2
(SNR)T 2 N 0W Ac m
2
c

(SNR )D

A m
(SNR)T =
4WN 0
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t)
e2 (t )

e3 (t )

AC2 m2
=
2 N 0W

yD (t )

2cos(c t + )

15

 6-1
z m ( t ) = cos (mt ) DSB-SC

z 1 N = 106 , A = 2
c
0

z W = 4kHz

z ( SNR )T

f c = 200kHz

( SNR ) D
S N0 ( f )
1
N0
2

fc W

fc +W

fc W

fc +W

f
16

 6-1
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

x r (t)=Ac m(t ) cos(c t ) + n(t )

ST = S D = Ac2 m2 =2

N T = N D = 2 N 0W = 1.6 102

17

 6-1
z

( SNR )T

Ac2 m2
=
= 62.5
4 N 0W

( SNR )D
z

Ac2 m2
=
= 125
2 N 0W

( SNR )D
( SNR )T

125
=2
62.5

18

(SSB)

xr (t ) = Ac [m(t ) cos(c t + ) m (t ) sin(c t + )] + n(t )

(t ) m(t )(Hilbert)
m

W
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

yD (t )

2cos(c t + )

19

(SSB)
xc (t ) + n0 (t )

e2 (t ) = Ac [m(t ) cos(c t + ) m (t ) sin(c t + )]

+ nc (t ) cos(c t + ) ns (t ) sin(c t + )

e2 (t ) = [ Ac m(t ) + nc (t )]cos(c t + ) [ Ac m (t ) ns (t )]sin(c t + )

xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

20

(SSB)
e2 (t ) = [ Ac m(t ) + nc (t )]cos(c t + ) [ Ac m (t ) ns (t )]sin(c t + )
SN0 ( f )

SN0 ( f )

1
N0
2
+

fc +W

fc W

1
N0
2

NT = n02 = nc2 = ns2 = N 0W

21

(SSB)
e2 (t ) 2 cos(c t + )

y D (t ) = Ac m(t ) + nc (t )
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

22

(SSB)

N D = nC2 = N 0W

S D = AC2 m2

(SNR )D

S D AC2 m2
=
=
N D N 0W

23

(SSB)

ST = { Ac [m(t ) cos(c t + ) - m (t ) sin(c t + )]}2

m(t ) = 0

m(t )m (t ) = m(t )m (t ) =0

1 2 1 2
ST = A m (t ) + m (t )
2

2
2
c

ST = Ac2 m 2

24

(SSB)

1 2
N D = NT = nc + ns2 = N 0W
2

ST
AC 2 m2
( SNR)T =
=
NT
N 0W

(SNR) D Ac2 m 2 N 0W
=

=1
(SNR)T
N 0W Ac2 m 2

25

 6-2
z m ( t ) = cos (mt ) SSB-SC

z 1 N = 106 , A = 2
c
0

z W = 4kHz

z ( SNR )T

f c = 200kHz

( SNR ) D
SN0 ( f )
1
N0
2

fc W

fc +W

f c W

fc +W

f
26

 6-2
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

xr (t ) = Ac [m(t ) cos(c t + ) m (t ) sin(c t + )] + n(t )

z DSB-SC

ST = Ac2 m2 = 2

N D = nc2 = N 0W = 8 103

27

 6-2
z

( SNR )T

Ac2 m2
=
= 250
N 0W

( SNR )D
z

Ac2 m2
=
= 250
N 0W

( SNR )D
( SNR )T

250
=1
250

28

(AM)
z

xc (t ) = Ac [1 + amn (t )]cos(c t + )
a

m(t )
mn (t ) =
max m(t )
z

yD (t ) = Ac amn (t ) + nc (t )

29

(AM)
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

xc (t ) = Ac [1 + amn (t )]cos(c t + )

yD (t ) = Ac amn (t ) + nc (t )

y D (t )
1.
2.

30

(AM)
yD (t )

S D = Ac2 a 2 mn2

N D = nC2 = 2 N 0W

S D AC2 a 2 mn2
( SNR ) D =
=
2 N 0W
ND

31

(AM)

1 2 1 2 2 2
ST = Ac + Ac a mn
2
2

NT = 2 N 0W

1 2 1 2 2 2
2
2 2
A
A
a
m
+
1
A
+
a
mn
C
C
n
C
ST
2
( SNR )T =
=2
=
NT
2 N 0W
4 N 0W

)
32

(AM)
z

( SNR) D
Ac2 a 2 mn2 2 N 0W
2a 2 mn2

=
=
=
2 2
2
2
2
2
( SNR )T
Ac + Ac a mn 4 N 0W 1 + a mn

E ff =

a 2 mn2
1 + a 2 mn2

z100%

33

 6-3
z m ( t ) = cos (mt ) AM

z 1 N = 106 , a = 0.5 A = 4
0
c
2

z W = 4kHz

z ( SNR )T

f c = 200kHz

( SNR ) D
SN0 ( f )
1
N0
2

fc W

fc +W

f c W

fc +W

f
34

 6-3
xr (t) = xc (t) + n (t) (IF)

e2 (t )

e3 (t )

y D (t )

2cos( c t + )

xc (t ) = Ac [1 + amn (t )]cos(c t )

yD (t ) = Ac amn (t ) + nc (t )

yD (t )

S D = Ac2 a 2 mn2 =4

N D = nc2 = 2 N 0W = 1.6 102

ST =

1 2 1 2 2 2
Ac + Ac a mn =10
2
2

N T = 2 N 0W = 1.6 102

35

 6-3
z

( SNR )T

Ac2 + Ac2 a 2 mn2

=
= 625
4 N 0W

( SNR )D

Ac2 a 2 mn2
=
= 250
2 N 0W

( SNR )D
( SNR )T

250
=
= 0.4
625

36

6-4
0.5mn (t ) 0.1

0.5 ) ( 0.1)
(
=0.0244
=
2
1 + ( 0.5 ) ( 0.1)
2

E ff

PT
( SNR) D = 0.0244
N 0W

( SNR ) D
= 2E ff =0.0488
( SNR)T

37

6-4

PT
( SNR) D = 0.0244
N 0W

( SNR ) D
= 2E ff =0.0488
( SNR)T

16dB

38

(AM)
xc (t )

xr (t ) = Ac [1 + amn (t )]cos(c t + ) + nc (t ) cos(c t + )

- ns (t ) sin(c t + )

xr (t ) = r (t ) cos[c t + + (t )]
xr (t ) = r(t )cos [c t + + (t )]

r( t

( t )

)
ns ( t )

( t )
Ac [1 + amn ( t )]

nc ( t )

Ac [1 + amn ( t )]

39

(AM)
xr (t ) = r(t )cos [c t + + (t )]

r( t

( t )

)
ns ( t )

( t )
Ac [1 + amn ( t )]

r(t ) =

Ac [1 + amn ( t )]

nc ( t )

{ Ac [1 + amn (t )] + nc (t )}

+ nS 2 ( t )

ns (t )
(t ) = tan
Ac [1 + amn (t )] + nc (t )
-1

40

(AM)

yD (t ) = r (t ) - r (t )
r (t )

yD (t ) Ac amn (t ) + nc (t )

r (t ) Ac [1 + amn (t )] + nc (t )

41

(AM)

(threshold effect)

42

(AM)

r (t )= { AC [1 + amn (t )]} + nC2 (t ) + n 2S (t )

2

mn (t ) = cos mt

1 2 2 1 2 2
r (t )=A +2A a cos mt + ACa + ACa cos 2 mt
2
2
+2AC nC (t )+2AC anC (t )cos mt +nC2 (t )+nS2 (t )
2

2
C

r( t )

2
C

r 2( t )

yD( t )

43

(AM)
1 2 2 1 2 2
r (t )=A +2A a cos mt + ACa + ACa cos 2 mt
2
2
+2AC nC (t )+2AC anC (t )cos mt +nC2 (t )+nS2 (t )
2

2
C

2
C

yD (t ) = 2 AC2 a cos mt

nD (t ) = 2 AC nC (t ) + 2 AC anC (t )cos mt + nC2 (t ) + nS2 (t )

S D = 2 AC4 a 2

N D = 4 AC2 nC2 (t ) + 2 AC2 a 2 nC2 ( t ) + 2 nC4 (t ) - nC2 (t )

44

(AM)

n2 = N 0 BT = 2 N 0W = nc2 (t ) = ns2 (t )

Ac2 a 2 n2
( SNR) D =
(2 + a 2 ) + 2( n2 Ac2 )

45

(AM)

1 2 1 2
PT = Ac 1 + a
2 2

2N 0W n

2 2
2
A
a

c
n
( SNR) D = 2
2
2
2
2
2 + a (2 + a ) + 2( n Ac )
2

46

(AM)

2 2
2
A
a

c
n
( SNR) D = 2
2
2
2
2

+
+
+
2
(2
)
2(
a
a
A

n
c )
2

PT

N 0W
2

a PT
( SNR ) D 2
2
2 + a N 0W
PT N 0W

a PT
( SNR) D 2

2
2 + a N 0W
2

47

(AM)

48


z DSB/AM/SSB
z
z
z
z
z

(DSB)
(SSB)
(AM)

z
z
z
z
z

49

PM FM
FM
PM

50

x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

BT

BT 2( D + 1) W Hz

z W
z D W

51

x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

xc (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )]

1
N 0 W/Hz
2

N(t)

x r ( t ) = xc ( t ) + N ( t )

52

 - PM
x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

xr (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + N (t )
z PM

(t ) = k P mn (t )

z k P /
z m(t ) mn (t ) 1

53

 - FM
x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

xr (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + N (t )
z FM
t

(t ) = 2 f d mn ( ) d

fd

Hz /

z m(t ) 1 ( ) m(t ) = Kmn (t )

K k P f d
z PM FM
(t )

54


x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

xr (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + N (t )
z

e1 (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )]
+ nc (t )cos(c t + ) ns (t )sin(c t + )
nc 2 = ns 2 = N 0 BT

55

x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + nc ( t )cos(c t + ) ns ( t )sin(c t + )

e1 (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + rn (t )cos[c t + + n (t )]
rn (t ) n (t )

56


x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )] + rn (t )cos[c t + + n (t )]
z ct + (t ) + n (t ) (t ) c t + n (t )
e1 (t ) = Ac cos[c t + + (t )]
+ rn (t ) cos[n (t ) (t )] cos[c t + + (t )]
rn (t ) sin[n (t ) (t )] sin[c t + + (t )]

e1 (t ) = { Ac + rn (t ) cos[n (t ) (t )]} cos[c t + + (t )]

rn (t ) sin[n (t ) (t )] sin[c t + + (t )]

57


e1 (t )

x r (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = { Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]}cos[c t + + (t )]
rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]sin[c t + + (t )]

z
e1 (t ) = R(t ) cos[c t + + (t ) + e (t )]

z e (t )
rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
e (t ) = tan
Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
1

58


e (t ) (t )
Ac > rn (t ) e1 (t )
e1 (t ) = R(t ) cos [c t + + (t ) + e (t )] = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

(t )

e (t )

rn (t )

rn (t ) sin (t )

rn (t ) cos (t )

Ac

n (t )

(t )

R (t )

(t )

59


e1 (t )

x r (t )

y D (t )

rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
e (t ) = tan
Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
1

(t ) = (t ) + e (t )
z (SNR )T Ac >> rn (t )

rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
1 rn ( t )
tan
e (t ) = tan
sin [c (t ) (t )]
Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

60

rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
1 rn ( t )
e (t ) = tan
sin [c (t ) (t )]
tan
Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

rn (t )

sin [c (t ) (t )]
Ac

0.2
0.1
0
-0.1

y=x
y=tan(x)

-0.2

y=tan -1(x)
-0.2

-0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

61


x r (t )

e1 (t )

e (t ) = tan 1

y D (t )

rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]

(t ) = (t ) + e (t )
z (SNR )T
e (t )

rn (t )
sin [c (t ) (t )]
Ac

z (t )
(t ) = (t ) +

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

62

 -
x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

z (SNR )T
e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

PM FM

(t ) = (t ) +

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

z Ac rn (t )

63

 -
x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

z SNR Ac << rn (t )

Ac cos (t )

Ac sin (t )

Ac
R (t )

rn (t )

(t )

e (t )

(t )

n (t )

Ac

(t )

64

-
e1 (t )

x r (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

z SNR Ac << rn (t )
rn (t )sin[n (t ) (t )]
1 rn ( t )sin[n ( t ) ( t )]
tan
e (t ) = tan

Ac + rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
rn (t )cos[n (t ) (t )]
1

= n (t ) (t )

(t ) = (t ) + e (t ) n (t )

65


x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

z m(t ) (t ) rn (t )
z SNR

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
(t ) = (t ) +
Ac

(t )

66


x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

z m(t ) (t ) rn (t )
z SNR (t )

(t ) = (t ) + e (t ) (t ) + n (t ) (t ) = n (t )

z FM AM

67


x r (t )

e1 (t )

y D (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

z
(d) R(t )
z PM y D (t )
y DP (t ) = K D (t )

z FM

y DF (t ) =

1
d (t )
KD
2
dt

K D

68

 - PM
x r (t )

e1 (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

y D (t )

y DP (t ) = K D (t )

z SNR
(t ) = (t ) +

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

y DP (t ) = K D (t ) + nP (t )

rn (t )
nP (t ) = K De (t ) = K D
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

69

 - FM
x r (t )

e1 (t )

e1 (t ) = R(t )cos[c t + + (t )]

y DF (t ) =

y D (t )

1
d (t )
KD
2
dt

z SNR
(t ) = (t ) +

y DF (t ) =

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

1
d ( t )
+ nF ( t )
KD
2
dt

K D de (t ) K D d rn (t )
=
nF ( t ) =
sin[n (t ) (t )]

2 dt
2 dt Ac

(i)
70


z PM
y DP (t ) = K D k p mn (t ) + nP (t )

z PM

S DP = K D 2 k p 2 mn 2
z FM
y DF (t ) = K D f d mn (t ) + nF (t )

z FM

S DF = K D 2 f D 2 mn 2
z

71


z SNR PM FM

nP (t ) = K De (t ) = K D

rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )]
Ac

K D de (t ) K D d rn (t )
=
nF ( t ) =
sin[n (t ) (t )]

2 dt
2 dt Ac

z (t ) = 0nP (t ) nF (t )
rn (t ) n (t )
z

72


z SNR (t )
(t ) f > W
W

73

(t ) = 0

rn (t )
KD
nP ( t ) = K D
sin[n (t ) (t )] =
rn (t )sin [n (t )]
Ac
Ac
KD d
K D d rn (t )
sin[n (t ) (t )] =
nF ( t ) =
{rn (t ) sin[n (t )]}

2 dt Ac
2 Ac dt
z rn (t )sin[n (t )] = ns (t )

KD
nP ( t ) =
n s (t )
AC
K D dns (t )
nF ( t ) =
2 Ac dt

74

 - PM
KD
n s (t )
nP ( t ) =
AC
z f <

1
BT ( ) PM
2

KD2
KD2
S n P ( f ) = 2 S ns ( f ) = 2 N 0
Ac
Ac
S nP ( f )

KD
Ac

1
BT
2

N0
f

1
BT
2

75

 - PM
KD
nP ( t ) =
n s (t )
AC

KD2
KD2
S n P ( f ) = 2 S ns ( f ) = 2 N 0
Ac
Ac

N DP

KD2
S nP ( f ) df = 2 N 0 BT
=
BT / 2
Ac
BT /2

S nP ( f )

KD
Ac

1
BT
2

N0
f

1
BT
2

76

 - PM

N DP

KD2
S nP ( f ) df = 2 N 0 BT
=
BT / 2
Ac
BT /2

z W
z W BT 2W
SNR

N DP

KD2
= S nP ( f ) df = 2 2 N 0W
W
Ac
W

(n)

77

 - PM

y DP (t ) = K D k p mn (t ) + nP (t )
S D P = K D k p mn
2

N DP

KD2
= S nP ( f ) df = 2 2 N 0W
W
Ac
W

z PM
2
c

A
PT =
2

z SNR

(SNR) DP

S DP
K D2 k P2 mn2
2
2 PT
=
= 2
= k P mn
1
N DP K D ( PT / N 0W )
N 0W

78

 - FM
K D dns (t )
nF ( t ) =
2 Ac dt
z FM

z y (t ) = dx / dt S y ( f ) = (2f ) 2 S x ( f )
f < 1 BT
2

2
K D2
K
2
2
D
(2

)
=
S nF ( f ) =
f
N
N
f
0
0
2 2
2
(2 ) Ac
Ac

(o)

79


K D2
S nF ( f ) = 2 N 0 f 2 ,
Ac

BT
| f |<
2

z FM
FM

z
S nF ( f )

KD
Ac

N0 f 2

f
1
BT
2

1
BT
2

80

 - FM
K D2
S nF ( f ) = 2 N 0 f 2 ,
Ac

BT
| f |<
2

N DF

2K D
3
= S nF ( f ) df =
N
W
0
2
W
3 Ac
W

S nF ( f )

KD
Ac

N0 f 2

f
1
BT
2

1
BT
2

81

 - FM

y DF (t ) = K D f d mn (t ) + nF (t )
S DF = K D f D mn
2

N DF

2K D 2
3
= S nF ( f ) df =
N 0W
2
W
3 Ac
W

z FM
2
c

A
PT =
2

z SNR
2

( SNR) DF

fd
2 PT
= 3 mn
N 0W
W

82

PM FM
z PM FM PT / N 0W PM
2
FM PT = Ac / 2
2
Ac
PT
=
N 0W 2 N 0W
z PM

N DP = K D

PT

N
W
0

z FM
1

1 2 2 PT
N DF = K D W

3
N
W
0
z PM FM
P / N W
T

83

PM
(SNR) DP

S DP
2
2 PT
=
= k P mn
N DP
N 0W

z PM

z PM
kPmn (t) kP2 mn2 2
z 10 dB kP2 mn2
2
z kPmn (t)

84

FM PM
z FM (

( SNR ) DF

fd
2 PT
=
= 3 mn
1
N 0W
W
1 2 PT
KD
3
3
N
W
0
K D 2 f d 2 mn 2

z f d W D SNR

(SNR ) DF = 3D mn
2

PT
N 0W

85

FM PM
(SNR ) DF = 3D mn
2

PT
N 0W

z mn (t ) 1 D m(t ) f d W

z FM PM SNR
D SNR

86

FM PM
(SNR ) DF = 3D mn
2

PT
N 0W

z SNR D >> 1
BT 2 DW
z
2

(SNR) DF

3 BT
2 PT
= mn
4 W
N 0W

87

FM PM
2

(SNR) DF

3 BT
2 PT
= mn
4 W
N 0W

z SNR
SNR
z SNR

88

 6 - 5
z x(t ) x ( t ) = A cos(2 f c t )
1 W f c < W

n(t) 1 N 0 y(t)
2

f c , y(t)

x(t )

d
dt

d
dt

n(t )

89

 6 - 5

d 2 n( t )
d 2 x(t )
2

y (t ) =
LPF
A
(2
f
)
cos(2 f c t ) = no (t )
+
=

c
2
2
dt
dt
N
f
4
N
S N 0 ( f ) = LPF 0 j 2 f c t = 0 (2 f )4 (
)
2W
2
2
5 W

W
N0
N
f
2
4
E no (t ) =
(2 ) f 4 df = 0 (2 f )4 2
W
2
2
5

=
0

N 0 (2 )4 5
W
5

1 2
A (2 f c )4 5 A2 f 4
c
=
SNR = 2
N 0 (2 )4 5 2N 0W 5
W
5

90


z RC

z W

H DE ( f ) =

1
1 + ( f / f 3 )2

f 3 3 dB 1 /(2RC ) Hz

91


K D2
S nF ( f ) = 2 N 0 f 2 , | f |< W
Ac

H DE ( f ) =

1
1 + ( f / f 3 )2

N DF =

N DF

H DE ( f ) S nF ( f )df

2
W
KD2
f
df
= 2 N 0 f 32
2
2
W f
Ac
3 + f

KD2
1 W
3W
= 2 2 N 0 f 3 tan

Ac
f3
f3

92


N DF

KD2
1 W
3W
= 2 2 N 0 f 3 tan

Ac
f3
f3
1

z f 3 << W tan 1 (W / f 3 ) W / f 3
2

KD2
2

N DF = 2 2 N 0 f 3 W

Ac

z SNR
2

(SNR) DF , pe

fd
2 PT
= mn
N 0W
f3

f 3 << W

93

 6 - 6
z FM

fd
f d = 75k Hz, W=15k Hz, D =
=5
W

z f 3 2.1 kHz mn 2 = 0.1

z FM

(SNR) DF

PT
PT
PT
2
= 3D mn
= 3 5 0.1
= 7.5
N 0W
N 0W
N 0W
2

z
2

(SNR) DF , pe

fd
PT
PT
75k
2 PT
= mn
=
= 127.55
0.1
N 0W 2.1k
N 0W
N 0W
f3

94

 6-6
(SNR) DF

PT
PT
= 3D mn
= 7.5
N 0W
N 0W
2

(SNR) DF , pe

fd
PT
2 PT
= mn
= 127.55
N 0W
N 0W
f3

z FM 8.75 dB
FM 21 dB
z 12.25 dB 16
16
z

95


v2 (t ) = a1v1 (t ) + a2 v12 (t )
a1 a2 v1 v2
v1 (t ) = Ac [1 + m(t ) ] cos(2 f c t ) AM

a. v2
b. v2 m(t ) m(t )


DSB
S
2
2 cos(2 f c t + ) = r cos
N o
Si
r =
N0 B

x(t) = s(t) + n(t)

v(t )

2 cos(2 f c t + )

yout (t )


AM s (t ) = 5 [1 + 0.2m(t ) ] cos(2 f c t ) m(t )
V p p = 2V
SNR )o
(

( SNR )c
m(t )


AM S n ( f ) =

0.25 1014 W Hz 100dB

10kHz 10kHz 40dB

a. m=0.707
b. m=1

)
FM xc (t ) = 10 cos(c t + 2f d m( )d

f d = 30Hz /V

t 2
m
(
t
)
=
8

(1) (f )max
(2) ( )max
(3)

100


PMFM??

101


u (t ) = 7 cos(2f c t + 2 sin 2f m t )
f c = 10MHzf m = 500Hz
(1)FM
(2)PM

102


100kHz4kHz
m(t ) m(t ) < 10.1WFMAM

(SNR )o, FM
SNR

(SNR )o, AM
(AM = 0.85 )

103