PEN-IMT0103

PEN-IMT0103

(1)
PEN-IMT 0101
(2) PEN-IMT
0102

(3)

disssemination

SI

CNLA

CNLA

DCVACVDCAACA

5 42

DCVACVDCAACA

SI 7

2*(10)^-2
SI
()()()
(V=IR)
1ppm
1972 (CIPM)
(Josephson)()

( 0.0040)
1990 1 1 (Quantum Hall)

1962 B.D.Josephson()
( 4.2K)

(E) E =

n f
, (Kj = 2 e / f )
Kj

n f Kj Kj=2e/f
e h 5mV

2000 0.25*0.5 IC
1V 10V 10V

1972 CIPM

Kj=483594.0(GHz/V)

Kj

483594.176(GHz/V) 1986 (CIPM)

(CCE)
Kj=483594.9(GHz/V) SI
CGPM
Kj90=483594.30.2(GHz/V)
90 1990 0.2 GHz/V
1972 8.065ppm

1990

()
1.
(DCV)()

(
)

1.018V
10V1.018V 1V
1V
() NML
0.1ppm 1000:1 DC1000V

(
)

2.

(IEC) 1.2kV
NML
()

(
)

1kV-100kV
0.05%(
)

()

(
)

()

(
)

10

3.

(thermal voltage converter T.V.C)

()

REF. T.V.C.

WORKING T.V.C.

DO VOLTAGE

ACV CALIBRATOR

AC VOLTMETER

(
)

 11

4.

(PT)

()

()

(
)

12

(PTB) PTB

()

(
)

1ppm
1980 KVon Klitzing
(quantum hall effect)

2 (2-DEG)( 10T)
1K (I)
(gate voltage)

i
(Hall Resistance) RH(i)
RH(i)=VH(i)/I(/)
=RK/I
i RH(i)
i=1 RK=RH
RK=h/(e^2)()
i=1 RH(i)=25812.807
i=4 RH(i)=6453.2

 13

1986 CCE E2
1988 9 18 CIPM 1990
1 1 CGPM (RK-90)

PK-90=(25812.8070.005)
0.005-90 1990

()
()
10k~1M
1M( quard ) 1k
()
()
1(Wheatston
Bridge)1(Kelvein double bridge)

10

0.08ppm
1ppm

10-4107

(1.5200ppm)

1081012
(0.40.7%

(
))

NIST

14

()
(SI) SI
V=IR

()

(
)

()
NIST

NML

NML

(
)

 15

()

(Thermal Current Converter) TCC

()

0.005%

REF. T. C. C.

0.007%

WORKING T.C.C

0.02%

DC CURRENT

0.06%

ACI CALIBRATOR

AC A METER

(
)

0.4%

16

()
(CT)
()
()

()
(
)

 17

()

K
X
K

K
L

K
N

L
(
)

NIST ( NIST
)()

18

MaxwellWien

(
)

 19

()

(
)

()

()

20

V
V

(
)

()

V
A

Ns

Nr

(
)

 21

DCV
ACV
DCA
ACA

() SI
()
()
()
()
()
()

22

(REF.T.V.C)
NIST
(REF.T.C.C)
NIST

() SI
()
()
()
()
() /
()

23
5 21 23

 23

NML

38

24

()
()

()

100mV1V10V
100V
DCV

(NML) ()

100mV 100.00000mV 100.00156mV

3ppm

-0.00156mV

-0.00156%

1V 1.00000000V 1.00000647V

3ppm -0.00000647V -0.000647%

10V 10.0000000V 10.0000235V

3ppm -0.0000235V -0.000235%

100V 100.000000V 100.000345V

3ppm

-0.000345V -0.000345%

1.

( B)

=A-B
=(A-B)/A*100%
100mV =100.00000mV-100.00156mV
=-0.00156mV
= 0 .00156 mV * 100 % = 0 .00156 %
100 .00000 mV

 25

()
(meter)(source)
()
()
(NML)()
..

(NML )

81/2

(71/2)
(61/2)

(51/2)

()

(61/2)

(51/2)
(41/2)
(31/2)
=+

()

=+

26

2.
(NML)
()

()
()
NML

1984
(NIST)CNLA
1999 1992 CIPM
ISO/TAG4/WG3 Guide CIPM
CIPM
(ISO/TAG4/WG3 Guide)
(Standard Uncertainty)
(Expanded Uncertainty)

A (Type A) B
(Type B)
A

A B

()

 27

1.

A
Ac Se n C1
C2C3.Cn( Ci)
(1) (Ac)
n

Ac = (1 / n ) Ci
i =1

(2) (Se)
21 / 2
1 n
Sc =
(Ci Ac )
n 1 i =1

2. B
B

UB=Un+(Ur)+(Uc)+(Uh)+()
Un=
Ur
Uc
Uh

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
3. (expanded uncertainty)
=(2 3)
U=UA+UB
U=(UA)+(UB)
UA=1Sc
=(U)2 95.5%

=(U)3 99.7%

28

(2-1) NML DC1V ()

*() DC1V ()
() DC1V
() HP3458ADC1V
0.001%(10ppm) NML

1.000000V

1.000006V

3ppm

0.999990V

1.000000V

1.00010V
+

-3ppm

+3ppm
1.000006V

(1)
(A)(B)
=A-B=1.000000-1.000006
=-0.000006=-6uV
A B
* 100%
= A
1.000000 1.000006
* 100% = 0.0006%
1.000000
=
*-6uV( 10uV)

(2)
()()
DC1V
() FLUKE5100 DC1V
0.005%( 50uV)

 29

( )FLUKE5100 DC1V
DC1.00000V
0.00001V(10uV) HP3458A

HP 3458A

DC 1.00002613V()81/2

81/2
FLUKE 5100
51/2

DC 1.00000V()

()FLUKE 5100

()HP 3458A

(-0.0006%)

(1.00000V)

1.00002613V -0.000006V

= 1.00002013V

( )FLUKE5100 (10uV)
1.00002V() 1.00000V 1.00002V(NML
)()+0.0002V(+20uV)
()

()

0.9998V

1.000000V
+
+20uV

*+20uV( 50uV)

HP3458A DC1V
(DC1.000006V)()FLUKE5100 DCV
HP3458A DC1.000006V

30

HP 3458A

FLUKE 5100

DC 1.00000624V()

DC 0.9998V()

()FLUKE 5100

()HP 3458A

(-0.0006%)

(0.99998V)

1.00000624V -0.000006V

= 1.00000024V

()FLUKE5100
0.00001V(10uV) ( )FLUKE5100
DC0.99998V ()HP3458A DC1.000000624V
(-6uV) 1.00000024V
DC1V() DC0.99998V
1.00000V+0.00002V(+20ppm)

*+20uV( 50uV)

()

()

0.9998V

1.000000V
+
+20uV

*+20uV( 50uV)

 31

3. ()DC1V
a ()
C1( 1 4 )
25
Ci(i=1,2,.,n,n>25)
b Ac

1 n
Ac= Ci=1.0000002
ni=1
c Se

2
1 n

Sc =
(Ci Ac )
n 1 i =1

1/ 2

= 4 ppm

d U
2

1/2

U=UA+UB,=(UA)+(UB)
UA=A =1Sc
UB=B =Un+(Ur)+(Uc)+(Uh)+()
Un=(U NML)/2 (
95.45%)

a a/3=0.577a

(1) (a)=0.29*a
(2) (a)=0.29*a
(3) (a)=0.29*a
(4) (a)=0.29*a

32

e. (expanded uncertainty)
=(2 3)
=2

=3

e.1 HP 3458A DCV1V

F.S.

1.20000000V

0.1ppm

1.8ppm

0.25ppm

24
/
(ACAL)
NPLC>100
DCECMR

0.1ppm

ACECMR

0.1ppm

RMS NOISE
Transfer

0.02ppm
0.4ppm

Accuracy/
Linearity

e.2

4ppm

HP3458 A DCV 1V B

*1 =0.01ppm*0.29=0.0029ppm
*2 =1.8ppm*0.577=0.94ppm
*3 24 2
=0.25ppm*2*0.577=0.25ppm
1* 4NPLC>100DC ECMR =0.1ppm*0.29=0.029ppm
1*5NPLC>100AC ECMR =0.1ppm*0.29=0.029ppm
*6 RMS NOISE =0.02ppm*0.29=0.00058ppm
*7 =4ppm*0.29=1.16ppm
*8 Transfer Accuracy/Linearity =0.4ppm*0.577
=0.23ppm

 33

HP3458A DCV1V B

NML

1.5ppm

0.0029 ppm

0.94 ppm

0.29 ppm

NPLC>100
DC ECMR

0.03 ppm

AC ECMR

0.03 ppm

NOISE

0.01 ppm

Transfer
Accuracy/

0.23 ppm

Linearity

1.16 ppm

UB=

4.21 ppm

e.3 HP3458A DCV 1V =(4.21+4)*2=16.42

ppm
e.4 Fluke5101B DCV 1V
F.S.

1.20000V

10 ppm

50 ppm

6 ppm

e.5 Fluke5101B DCV 1V B

*1 =10 ppm*0.29=2.9 ppm
*2 =50 ppm*0.577=28.85 ppm
*3 2 =6 ppm*2*0.577=6.92
ppm

NML

1.5ppm

2.9 ppm

28.85 ppm

6.92 ppm

UB=

40.2ppm

e.6 Fluke5101B DCV 1V

=(40.2+4)*2=88.4ppm

34

(2-2) NML DC100()

() 100()
() 100
()HP3458A100 6ppm
NML

99.9999

100.0005

2ppm

(1)
(A)(B)
=A-B=99.9999-100.0005=-0.0006
=

AB
*100%
A

99.9999 100.0005
*100% = 0.0006% = 6ppm
99.9999
*-6ppm( 6ppm)

(2)
()()
100
() FLUKE5100 100
0.001(10ppm) HP3458A

HP 3458 A
8, 1/2
FLUKE 5100
5,1/2

100.00267()

100.000()

 35

()FLUKE 5100

()HP 3458 A

()

(-0.0006%)

100.000

100.00227 -0.006

100.00167

()FLUKE 5100 (0.001)

100.002()FLUKE 5100 100.000
100.002(NML)()
-0.002
()

()

100.001

100.000

100.002
+

-0.002

*-20ppm( 30ppm)

(3) ()100.000
()DC1V
()

36

(2-3) ()()
()
(A)(B)

(A)

(B)
(A)()
()
()()
()(2-1)
(B)()
()()
()
()(NML
)
()
ISO-25

()()

a. ()()
b.
c. a.b
d.
e.
f.

 37

(2-4)()()
a. DCV 1V
F.S.

..2.000V

..0.001 V(500ppm)
..0.5%=0.005V(5000ppm)
b. =1.004V
c. Se=0
d. DCV 1V A =0
e. DCV 1V B
(1) =44.2ppm
(2) =500ppm*0.29=145ppm
(3) =5000ppm*0.577=28850ppm
=44ppm+145ppm+28850ppm=29039ppm
f. DCV 1V
=(29039+0)*2=58078ppm=58000ppm=5.8%
DCV 1V

1.00000V

1.004V

5.8%

Fluke 5101B DCV 1V

=(44.2pp+0)*2=88.4ppm=0.0088%
DCV 1V

1.00000V

1.004V

0.0088%

()

(2-4)-0.004V
( 0.005V) DC 1C (-0.004V)
1,000V

()()
()=+

38

 39

40

(-)/*100%

a. ()()
b.
c. a,.b
d.
e.
f.

41
23 38 41

 41

DCV

1. SI
2.
3.
4.
5.