Wolfgang Wimmer

Ecodesign Company
1996
2001Ecodesign Pilot2006Ecodesign
Company
Ecodesign
Implementation
Ecodesign the Competitive Advantage

Kun-mo Lee
1989Ajou University

IEC TC111
APEC

Ferdinand Quella

John Polak
GEN

GEM

1990

2010

WEEERoHSErPREACH
Eco-design

(1) (2) (3)

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Maslow

LCA
Life Cycle Thinking

Quick
520Siemens 20 Rules

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Small to Medium sized Enterprises, SMEs

Life Cycle Assessment

2002
Ecodesign Pilot
environmentally compatible
2004
Ecodesign Implementation

Electrical and Electronics

E&E

1
sustainability
24

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

2.1

3.1

4.1

2.2

3.2

4.2

2.3

3.3

4.3

2.4

3.4

4.4

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
CE

carbon footprint

www.ecodesign-company.com/competitive-advantage
usernamemanagerecodeign

10

2.33

( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )

11

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

end of pipe

12

nitrogen oxide
chlorofluoro carbons, CFCs
depletion

net resource depletion

dichloro-diphenyltri-chloroethane, DDTchloro-fluro
carbons, CFCspolychlorinated biphenyls,
PCBs

13

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

the Boston Consulting Group

Cost and Quality 1

14

recycling
take back

environmental compatibility

15

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

European Union
The European Commission

Ecodesign Directive

CE Conformit Europene
properties
Integrated Product Policy, IPP
IPP

16

2
technological
age
innovation leap

1960

Kyoto Protocol

PhilipsSiemens
WalmartTesco
environmental stewardship

17

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Ecomagination
Ecovision

political agenda

carbon taxes

18

carbon trading

1S

19

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

20

Contents

003

004

005

008

012

027

1.1

028

1.2

033

1.2.1

035

1.2.2

038

1.2.3 IEC 62430

040

1.3

044

1.4

046

1.5

060

063

2.1

064

2.2

069

2.3

074

2.3.1

074

2.3.2

090

2.3.3

093

2.3.4

095

2.4

098

2.4.1

098

2.4.2

111

2.5

115

2.5.1

115

2.5.2

117

2.5.3

118

2.6

120

125

3.1

126

3.2

131

3.2.1

132

3.2.2

133

3.2.3

143

3.3

143

3.3.1

147

3.3.2

148

3.3.3

149

3.3.4

150

3.3.5

150

3.3.6

153

3.4

157

3.4.1

157

3.4.2

161

3.4.3

164

3.5

166

3.5.1

166

3.5.2

167

3.5.3

170

3.5.4

173

3.5.5

175

3.5.6

176

3.6

181

4
4.1

183
184

4.1.1

184

4.1.2

185

4.1.3

187

4.1.4

190

4.2

197

4.2.1

197

4.2.2

198

4.2.3

201

4.2.4

205

4.2.5

210

4.3

213

4.3.1

213

4.3.2

218

4.3.3

220

4.4

227

4.4.1

227

4.4.2

231

4.4.3

234

4.4.4
4.5

234
240

4.5.1

241

4.5.2

255

4.5.3

256

4.5.4

259

261

5
5.1CE

262

5.1.1

264

5.1.2

265

5.1.3CE

265

5.1.4

277

5.1.5CSTB

279

5.2

282

5.2.1

282

5.2.2

282

5.2.3

282

5.2.4

287

5.3 ERP

288

5.3.1

288

301

6.1

302

6.2

303

6.3

304

309

335

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

su st ai nabilit y su st ai nable
d e v e l o p m e n t c o r p o r a t e s o c i a l
responsibility
environmental claims

1.1

renewable resources
waste stream

s t a n d - b y
consumption

28

2 5 0

29

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

100
250

International Energy Agency, IEA

2008World Energy Outlook 2008

1
2008800
5450

6.7
reference scenario2030
8.66.710
50

indium
liquid crystal display, LCD
light-emitting diode, LED
personal digital assistant, PDA

30

LCD500
carrier metal
zinc-sulfide 2

2,8006,000 3
510thinfilm solar cells

31

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Nicolas Stern2007
20

gross domestic product, GDP1

GDP2

emission certificates

32

1.2

33

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Restriction on Hazardous Substances, RoHS 6

precautionary
principle

34

energy related products, ERP 7
Climate ChangeERP
8EuP
EuPEuP
ERP

1.2.1
8

set
top boxes

35

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

resource conservation

sustainable consumption
and production, SCP 9

20
ERP
ecological profile
environmental parameters

conformity assessment

36

accreditation

CE
5.1CE 0
ERP
IV
VCE

LCD
PDPrear projection
CRT

CE

integrated product policy, IPP

q

37

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

1.2.2

Copenhagen Accord

the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changee
19973
common but differentiated
responsibilities
20082012
19905.2

38

Clean Development Mechanism, CDM r

J o i n t I m p l e m e n t a t i o n t E m i s s i o n
Trading y

Copenhagen Protocol2009
2010Cancun
Copenhagen Accord
2C u

CDM

cap and trade system i

CO 2
equivalent

2020199020
roadmaps o

39

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

2009

l.
2.
3.

1.2.3 IEC 62430

ERP
International
Electrotechnical Commission, IECIEC
IEC technical committeeTC111
mirror committeesIEC
62430

40

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

3
(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5)

2.1

3.1

64

ISO 14001Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme, EMAS

Life Cycle Assessment, LCA

65

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

modularity

outreach

66

Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR

Environmental Product Declaration, EPD

lead
agents

I S O 1 4 0 0 1
EMAS

2.4 3.5

IEC 62430

IVVISO 900I
ISO 14001

2.3 3.5

67

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

2.3 2.4 3.5

LCA EPD

PCF

EQFD

2.3 3.3

2.3 2.4 3.5

2.32.4 3.5

1.2 2.3
2.4 3.5

1.2

1.22.3
2.43.5

(1)

(2)

1.2 3.5

68

2.2

D o w J o n e s S u s t a i n a b i l i t y
Group Index, DJSGI225

Dow Jones Global Index

BMWBristol-Myers Squibb
CompanyDofasco Inc.
Procter & Gamble Co.
Dow Chemical Co.Siemens
PhilipsUnilever N.V.

H a r v a r d B u s i n e s s R e v i e w
Boston Consulting Group

69

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

W.Chan Kim
INSEADDistinguished Fellow
Rene Mauborgneenvironment
friendliness216
six levers
1
global environmental management
initiativeNGO
30Canon
CompaqMotorola
WeyerhaeuserGMDu
Pont

H e i n z E a r t h ' s B e s t

Colgate-PalmoliveMurphy's Oil Soaps

Price-Waterhouse Coopers

EcoBalance

altruism

25

70

(1) (2)

1.

2.

71

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

(1)
European Union directives on Ecodesign
RoHS
(2)
(3)

72

4.2

3.2.4.2

1.1.1.3.
2.3

1.1.3.2.
4.2

4.2

73

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

3.1

51020
1.22.1

S i e m e n s 2 0 1 0

126

2010
environmental protection, health management and
safety, EHS

EHS

strategic

127

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

environmental targets (1) (2) (3)

(4)(5)

strategic product targets (1)

(2) (3)
(4)

20

520
30
1

The
Boston Consulting Group1990

128

2 3
g r e e n
wa sh i ng

Sony10
3

GE

129

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

3.1

1 . 22 .1

2 . 22 . 5

4.14.2
10
10

2.1

3 . 43 . 5
4.44.5

2 .12 . 3
4.3

2.33.3

3.24.2

(1)
( 2 )
( 3 )

3.54.5

130

4.14.2

3.2
2.2

131

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

23

4.1

4.1.1
ISO 14001

buy-in

510

184

4.1.2

PDCAplan-do-check-act

patent proposal system

185

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

sensitized

E c oD r iv i n g

186

trade unions

4.1.3
ISO 9001quality
management
ISO 14001

industrial environmental
prot e c t ion
p r o d u c t r el a t e d e nv i r o n m e nt a l p r ot e c t io n
e n v i r o n m e n t a l s u p p l y
management

supplier entrances

187

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

QFDFMEA

LCA
CAD
ISO 14001

IEC 62430

RoHSR EACH
WEEEERPIPP

188

CE

11ISOIEC

ISO 14000
LCA

ISO 26000

ISOIEC

189

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

IEC TC 111

4.1.4

Coltan=Cobalt
Tantatum mineral

190

191

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

2003
US. Engineering

Associations

Green Engineering
Principles7 1

E&E

192

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

CE

5.1
CE

5.2

5.3
5.1

5.1 CE

confor mity assessment


w
CEConformite Europeene
CE5.1
machinery
directive 1

262

A
CEB
conformity to
typeC

5.1CE

D
EF
G HERPA

CE

CE

electromagnetic compatibility,
EMC

263

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

5.1.1
S T B S T B 3
STB
4
IVV8

IVV
VI
(1)
(2)


V

European Recycling
Association
ISO
14025ISO 14020

complex set top box, CSTBERP

CSTBCSTB

264

5.1.2
CEERP

CE

5.1.3 CE
A

(1)

265

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

product identification

(2) 5
4
5

7
A. ERP
B.

C.
D.
E.
F.
1
G.

ER P

5.1.3.1 CSTB
CSTB

266

47

CS TB C E C ST B

A.ERP
1. 6
1.1CSTB
CSTB

1.2CSTB
CSTB
CSTB
D V B - S D V B - S 2 r e t u r n
path
1.2.1CSTB
HDTV
standard
definition television, SDTVhard
disk drive, HDD
1.2.2DVB-S
CSTBCSTB

267

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

2.
STBSTB
high
defi ni t io n, H D
RF

CSTB

p i c t u r e - i n - p i c t u r e

library formatDVDVHS
blue-ray
STB

2.1CSTB

60

3.712380

300

Marusys
5.1

268

3.
3.1

3.2
3.2.1

CSTB

3.3

EPGelectronic programme
guide

269

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

6.1

energy independence

302

6.2

decentralize

303

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

6.3

CE

304

PCF

305

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

306

307

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Frontmatter
1 The Boston Consulting Group GmbH & Partner: Vision Und Strategie (VI),

Spielregeln ndern, Kommentare, Mnchen, Dsseldorf, Zrich, May 1991.

2 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0068en01.pdf

Chapter 1
1 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2008, OECD/IEA, 2008
2 Christian Hagelken, 12.04.2007, Umicore Precious Metals Rening
3 U.S. Geologocal Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2007
4 The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, Cambridge University

Press 2007
5 http://www.eiatrack.org
6 Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27

January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in

electrical and electronic equipment; OJ 13.2.2003; L37/19-23
7 Ecodesign directive: Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and

of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting

of ecodesign requirements for energy related products(recast) OJ 31.10.2009,
L285/10 EuP directive: Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 6 July 2005 establishing a framework for the setting
of Ecodesign requirements for energy-using products and amending Council
Directive 92/42/EEC and Directive 96/57/EC and 2000/55/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council, OJ 22.7.2005; L191/29
8 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/legislation/guide/document/

introduction.pdf
9 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/escp_en.htm
0 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/legislation/guide/document/

chap07.pdf
q http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServe/site/en/com/2001/com2001_0068en01.

pdf
w http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/ipp/mobile.htm
e UNFCCC, http://unfccc.int

336

r http://cdm. unfccc.int/index.html
t http://unfccc.int/2860.php
y http://www.emissions-trading-info.com
u http://unfccc.int/les/meetings/cop15/application/pdf/cop15_cph_auv/pdf
i http://www.epa.gov/captrade
o http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climate/climate_action.htm
p ISO 14001:2004; Environmental management systems- Requirements with

guidance for use

a http://ec.europa.eu/environment/index_eu.htm
s ISO 14020:2000; Environmental labels and declarations eneral principles
d ISO 14021:1999; Environmental labels and declarations -Self-declared

environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling)

f ISO 14024:1999; Environmental labels and declarations ype I environmental

labelling

rinciples and procedures

g ISO 14025:2006; Environmental labels and declarations ype III environmental

declarations

rinciples and procedures

h http://www.eccj.or.jp/top_runner/index.html
j ISO 14040:2006; Environmental management ife cycle assessment

Principles and framework

k ISO WD 14067:2009; Carbon footprint of products; Part 1 Quantication, Part

2 Communication
l Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5

April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing
Council Directive 93/76/EEC; OJ, 27 April 2005: L114/64
; http://hse-rohs.oeko.info/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/RoHS_

Hazardous_Substances_Final_Report.pdf
z http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:136:SOM:EN:HTML;

http://echa.europa.eu/home_en.asp
x Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27

January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment ( WEEE ) oint

declaration of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission
relating to Article 9; OJ 13.2.2003: L37/24
c Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19

337

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives, OJ, 22.11.2008:

L312/3
v www.nagpi.net
b Buy It Green Network

ww.iclei-europe.org/big-net
Green
Purchasing
Network
ww.gpn.jp/English/
n
m Claude Fussler and Peter James, Driving EcoInnovation, Pitman Publishing,
1996 ISBN 0 273 62207 2
, IEC 60303-3-3:2004; Dependability management

art 3-3: Application guide

ife cycle costing

. ZEVI White paper on energy efciency

Chapter 2
1 Chan Kim W and Renee Mauborgne.

nowing a Winning Business Idea

When You See One In Harvard Business Review, September-October 2000

2 Wimmer W. et al. codesign implementation: A systematic guidance on

integrating environ-mental considerations into product development,

Springer 2004
3 IEC 62430:2009; Environmentally Conscious Design for Electrical and

Electronic Products
4 Mathis Wackernagel and William E. Rees, 1996 Our ecological footprint:

reducing human impact on the earth, New society publishers

5 Song JS, 2009, Development of low carbon product design system

using embedded greenhouse gas emissions, Ph D Thesis, Department of

Environmental Engineering, Ajou University
6 IPCC, 2006, IPCC Guideline for national GHG inventories
7 WRI/WBCSD, 2004, GHG Protocol; A Corporate Accounting and Reporting

Standard
8 ISO 14064:2006; Green House Gases; Part 1: Specification with guidance

at the organization level for quantification and rporting of greenhouse gas

emissions and removals; Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project
level for quantication, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission
reductions or removal enhancements; Part 3: Specication with guidance for

338

the validation and verication of greenhouse gas assertions

9 ISO/WD 14067:2009; Carbon footprint of products; Part 1 Quantication, Part

2 Communication
0 BSI PAS 2050:2008; Specification for the measurement of the embodied

greenhouse gas emissions in products and services

q ISO WD 14067:2009; Carbon footprint of products; Part 1 Quantication
w IPCC, 2007, Climate change 2007: The physical science basis
e EC, 2008, commission regulation No 1275/2008, Implementing directive

2005/32/EC with regard to Ecodesign requirements for standby and off mode
electric power consumption of electrical and electronic household and ofce
equipment
r Lee, KM, 2008, The GHG emission factors from the conversion of the Korean

LCI database
t Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council

of 18 December 2006 concering the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation

and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH), OJ 31.12.2006; L 396, 1-849
y http://digitaleurope.org
u http://www.ZEVI.org
i ZEVI: http://zevi.org/index.php?id=2271; Guide for Umbrella Specs: http://

www.zevi.org/leadmin/user_upload/Fachverbaende/Electronic_Components/
Umbrella_Specs/UmbrellaSpecs_Version2_1.pdf
o IMDS system: http://www.mdsystem.com/html/en/home_en.htm
p List of available components in electroindustry see: ZEVI White paper

2008: Generating distributing and using energy intelligently, http://en-q.de/

whitebook.html
a ISO 22628:2000; Road vehicles ecyclability and recoverability alculation

method
s Boothroyd, G, Dewhurst, P,1994, Product design for manufacture and

disassembly; Marcel Dekker, Amsterdam http://www.dfma.com

d IEC 62309:2004; Dependability of products containing reused parts

equirements for func ionality and test

f For Medical industry see: COCIR 2007, Greenpaper Good refurbishment

339

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

practice, http://www.cocir.org/uploads/documents/COCIR-GRP-GreenPaper-version-1-22%20Nov-2007.pdf
g Graedel TE, Allenby BR, 1995,Industrial Ecology, Prentice Hall,

Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey pp 126

h IEC 62430:2009; Environmentally Conscious Design for Electrical and

Electronic Products
j ISO 14044:2006; Environmental management ife cycle assessment

equirements and guidelines

k EU Commission, 2005 directive 2005/32/ECEstablishing a framework for

the setting of Ecodesign requirements for energy using products(Eup)

Chapter 3
1 http://w1.siemens.com/annual/08/en/portfolio/environmental_portfolio.htm
2 Keizo, Fujimori: Publications of the European Japan Experts Association, Vol.

2(1997) pp127-131
3 http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/Environment/activities/theme/index.html
4 http://www.sustainability-indexes.com/07_htmle/sustainability/

corpsustainability.html
5 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, Sixth Edition, Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1976

6 Roper Starch Worldwide (1997), Green Gauge Report, Roper Starch

Worldwide Inc., New York, NY

7 www.terrachoice.com
8 Lee, Kun-Mo and Uehara Haruo, APEC, 2003;Best pratices of ISO 14021:

Self-declared environmental claims

9 Improvement strategies taken from the tool ECODESIGN PILOT - www.

ecodesign.at/pilot
0 Environmental Product Declaration of the digital Pocket Memo - www.

ecodesign-company.com/solutions
q WRI/WBSCD, calculation tool for direct emissions from stationary

combustion, version 3.0 2005

w World resources institute, The greenhouse gas protocol: a corporate accounting

340

and reporting standard, 2004

e BSI PAS 2050:2008; Specification for the measurement of the embodied

greenhouse gas emissions in products and services

r IEC 60303-3-3:2004; Dependability management

art 3-3: Application guide

ifecycle costing
t http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity-based costing
y http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/garment/lcds/micell.htm
u http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_effect or ultra sonic washing:
i IEC 62309:2004; Dependability of products containing reused parts-

Requirements for func-tionality and tests

o ISO 9001:2008; Quality management systems-Requirements
p Scheer, August-Wilhelm: Aris, Business Process frameworks, 3rd edition,

Springer, Berlin 1999

a Low Voltage Directive: 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member

States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage
limits (codied version), OJ 16.01.2007; L374/10-19
s GRI, http://www.globalreporting.org/Home
d Wimmer, W. et al. ECODESIGN Implementation: A systematic guidance on

integrating envi-ronmental considerations into product development, Springer

2004

Chapter 4
1 Green Engineering Principles: declared on the Sandestin conference

Dening the princi-ples in Sandestin, Florida, 18-23 May 2003

2 BSH: The Protos stove for developing countries, http://www.bsh-group.com/

index.php?page=109906
3 http://baumev.de
4 Arnt Meyer, What's In It For The Customers? Successfully Marketing Green

Clothes, Business Strategy and the Environment(Vol. 10, 2001), pp. 317330 at 320
5 Patrick Hartmann, Vanessa Apoalaza Ibez and F. Javier Forcada Sainz,

341

Ecodesign the competitive advantage

Green Branding Effects on Attitude: Functional Versus Emotional

Positioning Strategies, Marketing Intelligence & Planning (Vol. 23, No. 1,
2005), pp. 9-29 at 11
6 GEN - websitte is www.globalecolabelling.net
7 Wimmer et al. ECODESIGN Implementation: A systematic guidance on

integrating environ-mental considerations into product development, Springer

2004
8 Kun Mo LEE, The RoHS Manual for SMEs, Asian Productivity Organization,

2008
9 IEC PAS 61906:2005; Procedure for the declaration of materials in products

of the electro-technical and electronics industry

0 IEC 62430:2009; Environmentally Conscious Design for Electrical and

Electronic Products; appendix Figure B

q Quella, F.: Umweltvertrgliche Produktgestaltung, Verlag Publicis MCD,

Erlangen-Mnchen 1998; Quella, F.: Environmentally Compatible Product

Design - How it works with the Siemens Standard SN 36350, In Dening
the principles, Destin, Florida 18-23 May 2003
w EFQM; http://www.efqm.org
e Melzer, K.: Integrierte Produktpolitik bei elektrischen und elektronischen

Gerten zur Optimierung des Product-Life-Cycle (Hrsg. K. Feldmann, M.

Geiger, Fertigungstechnik Erlangen Band 169, Meisenbach Verlag Bamberg,
2005
r WOIS - Contradiction oriented innovation strategy; http://www.wois-

innovation.de
t Bionik: Network of competence, http://www.biokon.net
y www.ecodesign.at/pilot
u Steelcase Inc.

Chapter 5
1 Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of

17 May 2006 on machinary,and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast); OJ

9.06.2006; L157/24
2 EC 2000, Guide to the Implementation of Directives based on the New

342

Approach and the Global Approach(http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/

newapproach/newapproach.htm)
3 Commission Regulation (EC) No 107/2009 of 4 February 2009 of the

European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements

for simple set-top boxes; OJ 5.2.2009: L36/13
4 www.ecocomplexstb.org/request_form_18.php
5 Council decision of 22 July 1993 concerning the modules for the various

phases of the confor-mity assessment procedures and the rules for the afxing
and use of the CE conformity marking, which are intended to be used in the
technical harmonization directives OJ 30.08.1993; L 220, 0023-0039
6 Mudgal, S. Lyama, S. Turunen, L. Tinetti, B.: Preparatory Studies for Eco-

design Requirements of EuPs (II) Lot 18 Complex set-top boxes Final Report,
Bio Intelligence Service, European Commission DG TREN, 2007
7 http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/ecodesign/nal_report3.pdf
8 ISO WD 14067:2009; Carbon footprint of products-Part 1 quantication
9 IPCC, 2007, Fourth Assessment report: Climate change 2007: The Physical

Science Basis, Cambridge University Press

0 Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, 2009; Ecoinvent Database v 2.1,

1998-2009
q European Commission DG TREN, 2008; Preparatory studies for Eco-design

requirements of EuPs lot 18 Complex set-top boxes nal report

w ISO/IEC Guide 2, 1996

Backmatter
1 http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/serviceList.vm
2 http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/userGuidance.vm
3 www.ecodesign.at/pilot
4 DIN EN ISO 14021, 2001
5 Sandestin, Florida, 2003

343

/ Wolfgang Wimmer .
-- . -- 2011.11

Ecodesignthe competitive advantage
ISBN 978-986-02-9527-6
1.

2.

3.

494

4.
100020856

Wolfgang Wimmer
Kun Mo Lee
Ferdinand Quella
John Polak

15
022321-2200
022351-4850
http://doit.moea.gov.tw/
Translation from the English language edition:
ECODESIGN The Competitive Advantage
by W. Wimmer, K-M. Lee, F. Quella & J. Polak
(edition: 1; year of publication: 2010)
Copyright 2010 Springer,
The Netherlands as a part of Springer Science+Business Media.
This edition arranged with Springer SBM
through Big Apple Agency, Inc., Labuan, Malaysia.
Traditional Chinese edition copyright:
2011 CHINA PRODUCTIVITY CENTER (CPC)
All Rights Reserved.
201111

500
I S B N 978-986-02-9527-6
GPN1010003435

Printed in Taiwan

2321-2200#147