1.

Perry & Kraemer1983

2. Bozeman & Straussman1990

3. 87
;

:1.
public manager;2.
;3.

()

87

Duke University Robert D. Behn 1995

3M
micromanagement

motivation
measurement


D. H. Rosenbloom1993
D. H. Rosenbloom1998
1
1

(
(
)

1. (Gerald E. Caiden):

2. :

3.

4. PAR, 1996
1 2
3 4
Reinventing Government REGO
Entrepreneurial government

(Benchmarking)

88

de-regulation

J. Burns 1978
B. Bass

Transformational Leadership

88

W. BennisB. Nanus 1985

90

12
3

(James W.Fesler)(D.F.Kettl)
;

(Grover Starling):
(Responsiveness)
(Flexibility)

(Competence)

(Due process)

(Accountability)

(Honesty)1
Candor2
Corruption--
(Accountability)Responsibility

& (intergovernmental relationship)

intergovernmental management: 1970


intergovernmental administration

1935
(W. Anderson)
----
----

contracting out

target population

non-profit organization

public choice theory

quasi-market mechanisms

transaction-cost theory


principal-agent theory

88
WilsonWeberSimon

MBOPPBSZBBSPERT

(Harmon) tortured soul

(Harmon)1
the self-reflexivility2
intersubjectivity

1968 D. Waldo 33

F. Marini
1
23
4
5

1979 Thatcher

88

88
1969 (Peter Drucker)
:

(Savas)
;

(divestiture)


82
disvestment:

(delegation):

(displacement):

87
(Savas1987):
(contracting out)
(voucher)
(grants or subsidies)
(volunteer)
(load shedding)
(coproduction
:
88

Planning-Programming Budgeting System,

PPBS 1915 Dupont Co.
Program Budgeting 1949 1960
Rand Co.
1961 Robert McNamara
L.B.
Johnson 1965 8
1965-1971


1 Planning 2
Programming 3 Budgeting

Planning

Programming

Budgeting

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.
2.

3.
4.

5.


KlingnerNalbandian 1998

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

49

(1)
(2)(3)(4)

3
1.

2.

3.

4.