Thermodynamics II Essentials
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Thermodynamics II Essentials - The Editors of REA
SOLVERS
CHAPTER 8
THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
8.1 THE MAXWELL RELATIONS
The Maxwell Relations are:
(8.1)
(8.2)
(8.3)
(8.4)
These relations are important because they relate the entropy to easily measured properties - pressure, volume and temperature.
8.2 CLAPEYRON EQUATION
The Clapeyron Equation is an important relation involving the saturation pressure and temperature, the change of enthalpy associated with a change of phase, and the specific volumes of the two phases.
The form of the Clapeyron equation is:
(8.5)
where hfg is the enthalpy of vaporization.
8.3 OTHER THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
There are a number of other useful relations that can be easily derived:
(8.6)
(8.7)
(8.8)
(8.9)
(8.10)
(8.11)
(8.12)
(8.13)
Enthalpy
(8.14)
Internal Energy
(8.15)
Entropy
(8.16)
Specific heats
(8.17)
(8.18)
(8.19)
(8.20)
8.4 EQUATIONS OF STATE
The P-V-T relation is often stated in the form of an equation which is called an equation of state:
(8.21)
Van der Waals Equation
(8.22)
a, b are constants for any one substance.
Dieterici Equation
(8.23)
Beattie-Bridgeman Equation
(8.24)
A = A0(1-a/v), B = B0(1-B/v), ε = c/UT³ and
A 0, a, B 0, b and c are constants for different gases. Values for