SUPER CONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

BY S V S MARUTHI 07915A0206

INTRODUCTION
A COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT CAN BE

REPRESENTED BY ITS ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION LESS THAN DEMAND

IN INDIA, ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATED IS

IN DEVELOPING COUNTRYS LIKE INDIA,

ELECTRICITY DEMAND INCREASES DAY BY DAY WITH INCREASE IN POPULATION

OVERLOADED AND UNSTABLE, SPECIALLY DURING PEAK LOAD TIMES

BECAUSE OF WHICH SYSTEM MAY BECOME

 IF GENERATED ELECTRICAL ENERGY CAN BE

STORED THEN THERE COULD BE NO DEFICIENCY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

ONE SUCH A ATTEMPT IS SUPERCONDUCTING

MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

SUMMARY
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems store energy in magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconducting coil which has been cryogenically cooled to a temperature below its superconducting critical temperature

SCHEMATIC OF A SMES SYSTEM

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
THERE ARE THREE MAIN COMPONENTS 1. 2. 3.

SUPER CONDUCTOR COIL POWER CONVERTER SUBSYSTEM(PCS) REFRIGERATOR NIOBIUM-TITANIUM ALLOY ALONG WITH LIQUID HELIUM IS USED AS SUPERCONDUCTOR

SUPER CONDUCTOR COIL IS MADE AS TOROID FOR LARGE RATING AND SOLONOID FOR SMALL RATING

PCS SHOULD BE CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO CARRY SUCH LARGE POWER

REFRIGERATOR IS USED TO CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE BELOW 4KELVIN BECAUSE AT THIS POINT THE RESISTANCE OF THE CONDUCTOR IS VIRTUALLY ZERO
HENCE OHMIC LOSSES CAN BE MADE VIRTUALLY ZERO

WORKING
AC POWER FROM LINES IS CONVERTED TO DC

USING POWER CONVERTER SUBSYSTEM(PCS)

PCS CONSISTS OF CONVERTER/INVERTER

CIRCUIT, TRANSFORMER AND AC BREAKER WHICH CONVERTS AC TO DC AND VICEVERSA

THE RESULTED DC POWER IS PASSED THROUGH

SUPERCONDUCTING COIL, WHICH STORES ENERGY

 UNDER PEAK LOAD CONDITIONS, THE

ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN SUPERCONDUCTING COIL IS INVERTED FROM DC TO AC USING PCS

THEN SYNCHRONISED WITH BUSBAR AND

STORED ENERGY IS DISCHARGED TO BUS FOR SHORT TIME DURING PEAKLOADS

THE CONDUCTOR BEHAVES AS SUPERCONDUCTOR

ONLY AT LOW TEMPERATURES OF 4K AND IS MAINTAINED USING CRYOGENIC REFREGIRATOR

FEATURES
SUPPLIES POWER OF MW FOR SEC
CONNECTING SMES IN PARALLEL INCREASES THE

CAPACITY
STORAGE LOSSES ARE LESS AT

0.1% RATE OF

CAPACITY
FAST CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CAPACITY

 LIFE SPAN IS

20YEARS

NO THERMAL BREAKDOWN DUE TO EFFECTIVE

COOLING
HIGH EFFICIENCY i.e, >97% ECO FRIENDLY

DRAWBACKS
EXPENSIVE
LESS STORAGE CAPACITY SPECIAL CONDUCTOR REQUIRED

LARGE RATING POWER CONVERTING SUB-

SYSTEMS(PCS) ARE COMPLEX TO DESIGN

APPLICATIONS
IMPROVES VOLTAGE IMBALANCE
REDUCES BURDEN ON THE SYSTEM PROVIDING

ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER UNDER PEAK LOAD CONDITIONS

UNDER TRANSMISSION LINE BREAKDOWNS, AVOIDS

DYNAMIC INSTABILITY

 OFF-SPINNING RESERVE
BALANCING FLUCTUATING LOAD

CONCLUSION
IN THE FORTH COMING YEARS WE ARE EXPECTED

TO HAVE LARGE NO. OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC STORAGE SYSTEM IN PRACTICE AS IT HAS A LOT OF APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES IN VARIOUS FIELDS LIKE IN POWER SYSTEMS, SOME INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS ETC.....
THE MAJOR TWO DISADVANTAGES OF IT ARE COST

AND STORAGE CAPACITY CAN BE OVERCOME BY SOPHISTICATING DIVISION