Planning is the process of preparing a blueprint of actions to attain stated objectives within a time frame.

The determination of objectives, the specifications of targets, the strategy for mobilization of resources, the allocation of outlays to different development sectors.

The blueprint of actions (including their operationalisation in the shape of policies, programmes and their delivery system) which have to be considered in any planning exercise.

To formulate with some accuracy what we intend to

achieve within a given time frame

Prioritization among various objectives enables us to distinguish more important objectives from those and which are less concerned

Possible considering the resources at hand and how

additional resources can be mobilized

Alfred J. Kahn defines planning as follows: Planning is policy choice and programming in the light of

facts, projections and application of values.

All of these may be summarized briefly as; Planning is a policy formulation and realization through

choices and rationalization.

Social planning is a PROCESS that helps communities to identify

strengths and weaknesses and determine ways to improve the quality of life in the community.

Social planning is a process for planning social services programs,

services, and policies. Government agencies engage in large-scale

development, research, and planning to address social problems.

For example, the Social Security program during the Great Depression

and the anti-poverty programs of the 1960s were developed by government planners relying on research, previous theories, and model programs initiated by local, state, and foreign governments.

Social planning is the process by which policymakers, legislators, government agencies, planners, and often, funders - try to solve community problems or improve conditions in the community by devising and implementing policies intended to have certain

results.

These policies may take the form of laws, regulations,

incentives, media campaigns, programs or services, information a wide range of possibilities.

Rothman 1979and Rothman 1996 identify social planning as one of three primary models of community organization in addition to social action and community development. Rothman describes the primary goal of social planning as problem solving.

The term social planning is used generically to

describe the planning of social services or efforts to improve the quality of life in communities. Social planning is also referred to as neighborhood

planning if it takes place in community settings.

Though, social planning has to be put into practice

through social policy, where by the process of social services planning and implementation becomes open and clear.

To increase production to the maximum possible extent

so as to achieve higher level of national and per capita

income

To achieve full employment To reduce inequalities of income and wealth To set up a socialist society based on equality and justice and absence of exploitation.

Five Year Plans

Five Year Plans is basically a simple exercise of putting

together programmes, targets and outlays First Five Year Plan (1951-56)

11th Five years plan continue

Multi-Level Structure of Planning Planning in India operates in a democratic framework,

through a centralized system, involving concurrent

planning at the national and state level.

Planning Level

Political/Administrative Territorial Equivalent

Planning Concept

Macro-level (National Plan) Mezzo-level (State Plan)

Nation

Central planning/policy planning/ State Plan/Sectoral budgetary planning/Regional planning

State

Micro-level (Decentralized Plan)

District

District planning area development

District planning area development

Block level planning Block Village production plan & Planning for target group.

Village

National level Planning Planning Commission is the technical body for facilitating the planning process in India

chief function is to make an assessment of the material,

capital and human resources of the country It performs role as an advisory body functioning at the

highest policy level without further being involved in the

responsibilities of day-to-day administration. It provide feedback to the planners and implementing agencies.

 National Development Council Economic and Social level planning is in the concurrent list where Centre as well as the states are interested and have to work in union. Co-ordination between two integrating structure

centralized set-up is brought about through a process of mutual consultation

State Level Planning

State Planning Department

It is responsible for the preparation of the Five Year Plans, Annual plans, monitoring of the plans and generally the evaluation of programmes

Department of Economics and Statistics, Manpower and Evaluation

planning and monitoring of programmes

assesses the requirements and need for manpower

District Level Planning

need to supplement the national and state plans

Block Level Planning

community development block Lowest administration level within a specified time frame

The term policy refers to the general guidelines or principles, which give direction to a particular course of action by the government or by an organization. It also refers to, in a very specific sense, an intended or executed course of action.

According to Kulkarni Social policy is the strategy of

action indicating means and methods to be followed in successive phases to achieve the declared social

objectives.

According to David Gill: Social policies are principles /course of action designed to influence:

the overall quality of life in a society;

the circumstances of living of individuals and groups in that society and the nature of intrasocietal relationships among

individuals, groups and society as a whole.

Social Policy is a written course of action for

achieving pre-determined, well defined objective

Marshall states that the term, Social policy refers to

the policy of governments with regard to action

having a direct impact on the welfare of citizens, by providing them with services or income.

According to Prof. Titmuss, social policy represents a summation of acts of government, deliberately

designed to improve the welfare of people.

Social policies aim to bring about social change Minimization of sufferings and maximization of welfare.

Improvement of quality of life of people

To achieve social objectives To plan out short term and long term objectives To prevent mismanagement To evaluate existing social services To gear social development and social change To develop and mentor effective and efficient human resources

social policy is with social and economic justice

based on the principle of equality

social policy is its concern with weaker and vulnerable sections of society

social policies do not exist in isolation

Indian constitution focus on liberty, fraternity, equality and solidarity

Involves social equity and social justice + secularism

Fundamental rights and Directive principle

influence social policy in India

Fundamental Rights (Article 12-35) Political and Civil Rights Article 15- equality before law

Article 17- abolition of untouchability

Article 19- freedom of speech Article 21- protection of life Article 23- prohibition of human traffic Article 24- prohibits child labour Article 26- freedom to manage religious affairs Article 29- protection of interest of minority Article 32provides remedy for enforcement of fundamental rights