Student Name: Beltran, Ruby May. Z. Castillo, Jennifer Rose B. Cortes, Kevin F.

Lab Time / Date: 10:00 13:00 / Friday Laboratory Report Exercise 7.2 Data From Exercise 7.2 Tape your recording in the spaces below. Lead I

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

1. The cells with the fastest spontaneous cycle of depolarization-contraction are located in the primary pacemakers of the heart, usually cells at the SA node. 2. Indicate the electrical events that produce each of the following waves: (a) P wave: electrical activity by SA node (b) QRS wave: the spread of electrical activity (depolarization) through the ventricular myocardium (c) T wave: influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system guided by integrated brain stem control from the vagus nerve and the thoracic spinal accessory ganglia. 3. An occasional extra beat, which can be seen as an ectopic QRS complex, is called a(n) dysrhythmias. 4. An abnormally long P-R interval indicates a condition called AV conduction block or first degree heart block. 5. A condition where the ventricles are unable to contract as a pump and a circus rhythm of electrical activity may be present is known as ventricular fibrilation

6. Explain why the SA node functions as the normal pacemaker. The SA node depolarizes its threshold potential before other pacemakers in the heart. 7. Describe the pathway of electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles and correlate this conduction with the ECG waves. Explain what happens to the beating of the atria and ventricles in third-degree, or complete, AV node block. The different waves that comprise the ECG represent the sequence of depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricles. The ECG is recorded at a speed of 25 mm/sec, and the voltages are calibrated so that 1mV = 10mm in the ventrical direction. Therefore, each small 1-mm square represents 0.04 sec (40 msec) in time and 0.1 mV in voltage. Because the recording speed is standardized, one can calculate the heart rate from the intervals between different waves. 8. Compare ventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in terms of etiology, ECG pattern, and seriousness. In terms of etiology, ventricular tachycardia are said to be raid rhythms which originates from the ventricles or the AV node. On the other hand, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were shown to have narrow QRS complexes. Amoong the two, ventricular tachychardia is proven to be much more dangerous than paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia since it quickly degenerates to ventricular fibrillation. Thus it will lead to death. 9. On initial examination, a patient is found to have a P-R interval of 0.24 sec. This patient is examined again a year later and is found to have a resting pulse of 40 beats per minute with very little increase after exercise. Explain what might have happened. The patient might have primary AV block at first examination then a year after, the disease developed into type two AV block where the P-R interval is >0.20 secs and slower resting pulse rate (<60 bpm). Second answer. Probably, the patient has bradycardia.