1/12/09

TYS Unit 9.1 Struct Q1

(ai) Lens
ii) To refract and focus the light rays onto the
retina
iii) Cornea

l i d ay Sci Bio it9.1 iv)

Dec Ho ework T8 Un
m
TYS Ho
09
Jan 20

TYS Unit 9.1 Struct Q1

TYS Unit 9.1 Struct 2
(a)
(b) A
(ci) Iris
ii) In bright light, the circular muscles of the iris
contract [0.5] & the radial muscles relax [0.5];
This causes the pupil to constrict, preventing (bi) Retina
too much light from entering the eye; ii) The sensory neurones in the optic nerve
conduct nerve impulses from the
photoreceptors in the retina to the brain in
this reflex action.

TYS Unit 9.1 Struct 2 TYS Unit 9.1 Struct 3

(ai) A-retina B-Blind spot C-Iris
(ci) Yellow spot/ fovea of the retina;
ii) C
ii) Lens becomes thinner; and less
convex; (bi) The lens refracts and focuses light rays onto
the retina;
iii) Ciliary muscle relax, suspensory Changes in the curvature of the lens can alter
the focal length of the lens (accommodation);
ligaments become taut; and pull on To enable clear images of objects at varying
the elastic lens to become thinner and distances to be formed on the retina clearly;
less convex;
(ii) Cornea

1
 1/12/09

TYS Unit 9.1 Essay Qn 1

  Light rays from a distant object are almost parallel
whereas light rays from a nearby object are diverging;
  The rays are refracted by the cornea and the lens to
focus onto the retina. Fine focusing to form a sharp
image is done by the lens;
2.8A Q2(b)
  For distant objects, the ciliary muscles relax and the
suspensory ligaments are pulled taut, pulling on the
edge of the lens
  The elastic lens becomes thinner & less convex;
  For nearby objects, the ciliary muscles contract, which
releases the pull on the suspensory ligaments
  The elastic lens becomes thicker & more convex;
  In both cases, the image is sharply focused onto the
yellow spot/fovea of the retina.