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I would sincerely like to thank Dr. Anita Jain who has been there always to help me carry out this experiment as a guiding spirit behind the compiling of this report. I would also like to thank her for unending assistance to enable completion of the exercise.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AIM APPARATUS REQUIRED THEORY PROCEDURE OBSERVATION TABLE RESULTS PRECAUTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Qualitative Analysis of some Fruits juices- apple, mosambi and Vegetable Juices-bottle gourd, bitter gourd.
Ph Paper Iodine Solution NaOH Solution CuSO4 Solution Fehling Solution A &B Solid KOH Picric Acid Other Common Laboratory Reagents
Human body is like an engine. To keep it going we must provide it with right kind of fuel. This is balanced food. Balanced diet is one which consists of correct proportion of the basic ingredients or nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, salts and vitamins. The knowledge of various essential constituents of food in which they are available is a must. Deficiency of any of the nutrient causes diseases. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients. Therefore, study could be undertaken to investigate the constituents of various fruits and vegetables.
1. Take all the juices in separate beakers. 2. Now perform the following tests with each. Test for Acidity
Take 5ml each of various fruits and vegetable juices in different test tubes and add red and blue litmus solution in each.
Test for
Apple Juice
t nt Presen Present Prese Present t nt Presen Present Prese Present t nt Presen Present Prese Present
rous
nt
nC6H12O6
(Glucose)
PROTEIN Apple Juice + NaOH + CuSO4 Mosambi Juice + NaOH + CuSO4 Bottle Gourd + NaOH + CuSO4 Bitter Gourd + NaOH + CuSO4 Violet Colour No Violet Colour Violet Colour Violet Colour
OBSERVATION
LITMUS RED LITMUS RED LITMUS BLUE LITMUS BLUE
INFERENC E
PAPER BECOMES ITS AN ACID PAPER BECOMES ITS AN ACID PAPER BECOMES ITS A BASE PAPER BECOMES ITS A BASE
OBSERVATION
BLUE-VIOLET COLOUR APPEARS BLUE-VIOLET COLOUR DOES NOT APPEAR BLUE-VIOLET COLOUR DOES NOT APPEARS BLUE-VIOLET COLOUR DOES NOT APPEARS
INFERENCE
STARCH IS PRESENT STARCH IS ABSENT STARCH IS ABSENT STARCH IS ABSENT
OBSERVATION
VIOLET COLOURED APPEARS
INFERENCE
ARE
VIOLET COLOURED DOES NOT APPEAR VIOLET COLOURED APPEARS VIOLET COLOURED APPEARS
COO Na
TEST FOR SODIUM As volatile halide are obtained yellow flame appears.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
RED COLOURED PPT. CARBOHYDRATES APPEARS ARE PRESENT RED COLOURED PPT. DOES CARBOHYDRATES NOT APPEARS ARE ABSENT RED COLOURED PPT. CARBOHYDRATES APPEARS ARE PRESENT RED COLOURED PPT. DOES CARBOHYDRATES NOT APPEAR. ARE ABSENT
OBSERVATION
YELLOW COLOURED FLAME APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED FLAME APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED FLAME APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED FLAME APPEARS
INFERENCE
SODIUM PRESENT SODIUM PRESENT SODIUM PRESENT SODIUM PRESENT IS IS IS IS
OBSERVATION
YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED PPT. DOES NOT APPEAR YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS
INFERENCE
POTASSIUM IS PRESENT POTASSIUM IS NOT PRESENT POTASSIUM IS PRESENT POTASSIUM IS PRESENT
CaCO3
(white ppt.)
MAGNESIUM Mg2+Cl22- + NH4OH + (NH4)2HPO4 IRON (Fe3+ ) Fe(OH)3+ 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O Mg(NH4)PO4 + 2NH4Cl + 2H2O
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS CALCIUM PRESENT CALCIUM PRESENT CALCIUM PRESENT CALCIUM PRESENT IS IS IS IS
OBSERVATIO INFERENCE N
WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS WHITE PPT. APPEARS MAGNESIUM PRESENT MAGNESIUM PRESENT MAGNESIUM PRESENT MAGNESIUM PRESENT IS IS IS IS
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1) 2) 1) 2) 1) 2) 1) PERUSSIAN BLUE COLOUR BLOOD RED COLOUR PERUSSIAN BLUE COLOUR BLOOD RED COLOUR PERUSSIAN BLUE COLOUR BLOOD RED COLOUR PERUSSIAN BLUE IRON IS PRESENT IRON IS PRESENT IRON IS PRESENT IRON IS PRESENT
GOURD
PHOSPHOROUS - (In the form of phosphate) 1. Ammonium Molybdate test: K3PO4+ 3(NH4)2 MoO4
(Ammonium Molybdate)
H2MoO4 + 2KNO3
(Molybdic Acid)
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS YELLOW COLOURED PPT. APPEARS PHOSPHROUS PRESENT PHOSPHROUS PRESENT PHOSPHROUS PRESENT PHOSPHROUS PRESENT IS IS IS IS
Use only freshly prepared fruits and vegetable juices. Clean using. the apparatus before
Handle the reagents carefully. Do not forget to wear a lab coat. Note all the readings carefully.
Various books and websites were referred while making this projects:1) Chemistry Lab Mannual 2) Google.com 3) Wikipedia.com
APPLE
Apple juice helps provide a variety of nutrients in low to moderate amounts. Not only does the juice contain natural fruit, the apple derived liquid also works to properly hydrate both athletes and semi active people of all ages. . Apple juice contains minerals such as calcium, potassium, iron, manganese and magnesium. All-natural apple juice also provides vitamins C and B6. Health benefits of apple
Apples are low in calories. The fruits are however, contain no saturated fats or cholesterol; but rich in dietary fiber, which helps, prevent absorption of dietary LDL cholesterol in the gut. Apple fruit contains good quantities of Vitamin-C. Vitamin-C is a powerful natural antioxidant. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals from the body. In addition, apple fruit is a good source vitamin B-6. These vitamin help as co-factors for enzymes in metabolism as well as in various synthetic functions inside the body. Apple also contains small amount of minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and calcium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure; thus counters the bad influences of sodium.
BITTER GOURD
Health benefits of Bitter Gourd The pods are rich in phytonutriuents like dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. Fresh pods are an excellent source of folates; contains about 72mcg/100g, Folate helps reduce incidence of neural tube defects in pregnant mothers when taken during early pregnancy. Fresh bitter Gourd is an excellent source of vitamin-C. Vitamin-C is one of the powerful natural antioxidant, helps body scavenge deleterious free radicals one of the reasons for cancers development. The vegetable is an excellent source of vitamin A that helps in preventing aging, cancers and various disease processes. Bitter Gourd stimulates digestion and peristalsis which can be helpful in relieving indigestion and constipation problems. The vegetable is also good source of Vitamin B-3, Vitamin B-5, Vitamin B-6 and minerals such as iron, zinc, potassium , manganese and magnesium.
Early laboratory tests suggest that compounds in bitter gourd might be effective for treating HIV infection.
MOSAMBI
Mosambi juice is also known as sweet lemon juice and it boasts of numerous benefits. A key features of mosambi juice is that it is very sweet and not acidic. It is also a good source of vitamin C, copper and iron. The following are other health benefits of consuming sweet lemon juice. Benefits of Mosambi Juice 1. Prevents Scurvy This disease usually occurs in people with an inadequate amount of vitamin C in their diets. Scurvy is characterized by swollen gums, frequent bouts of flu and colds as well as cracked lip corners. Mosambi juice can be used to cure scurvy since it has a high content of vitamin C. 2. Enhances digestion
The mosambi juice has a sweet fragrance that enhances the release of saliva, which assists to digest food quickly. The flavonoids present in lime enhance the digestive process through stimulating the secretion of bile, digestive juices and acids. Aside from that, the compounds in mosambi juice are also beneficial for the peristaltic motion.
3.
Cures constipation
The acids present in the sweet lemon juice are great for doing away with toxins found in the bowel tracts. Mosambi juice is also beneficial for people with stomach upsets, dysentery, diarrhea and loose stools since it is rich in potassium. It helps avoid vomiting and nausea as a result of its tasty flavour.
4.
Improves immune system Regular intake of the mosambi juice has been known to improve the function of the heart, which ensures proper blood circulation. This action leads to a much healthier immune sysem.
5.
Benefits the skin Sweet lemon juice is good for the skin and it will assist to do away with pigmentation, spots and blemishes. It also provides a bright glow and shine on the face.
The drawback of sweet lemon juice is that it has been linked with the incidence of migraines and certain people are allergic to it. In fact, it is believed to be a triggering factor in some asthmatics.
BOTTLE GOURD
The juice from the leaves help cure jaundice and the juice from the gourd helps reduce graying of hair. The gourd juice, helps treat burning sensation in the urinary passage if consumed with lime juice. It reduces fatigue and keeps you fresh, especially during summer. It helps fight constipation, as it is fiber rich. Because of its fiber and low fat content, Ayurveda highly recommends this food for diabetic patients and young children. Ayurveda also recommends the juice of this gourd in the treatment of acidity, indigestion and ulcers as it serves as an alkaline mixture. Indian traditional medicine claims that bottle gourd acts as a nerve tonic and can help improve obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This claim has been confirmed by a study published in the journal Pharmacognosy Research where the investigators found that the plant possesses anti-compulsive (anti-OCD) activity although they are not certain about the mechanism of action of this plant. Bottle gourd is also considered one of the best weight loss foods since it is 96
percent water and provides just 12 calories per 100g of serving. It is rich in, thiamin, vitamin C, zinc, iron and magnesium thus helping in improving overall health. The juice from bottle gourd leaf helps in curing baldness and aids in preventing tooth decay.