Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions Pre-Lab Study Questions 1. In making pickles, a cucumber is placed in a strong salt solution.

Explain wh at happens. The water molecules from the higher concentration move down the gradient to an a rea of lower concentration. In this case, the water molecules of the cucumber w ill move outward causing a "pickling" effect (crenation) 2. Why is it important that cell membranes are semipermeable membranes? The membranes must be semi permeable in order to allow certain substances to pas s through and keep others out. One of its main important purposes is protection of the cell. 3. What is the difference between osmosis and dialysis? In osmosis, a semi permeable membrane is used where in dialysis a differential m embrane is used 4. How does an artificial kidney separate waste products from the blood? Arterial blood flows from the patient to the dialysis machine that contains the dialysis tubing (a long, coiled cellophane tube) that acts as a differentially p ermeable membrane. Around this tube is a solution called dialysate, a solution t hat contains isotonic concentrations of all the components that are to remain in the blood without its waste products. And so, the wastes flow from the blood in to the dialysate faster than they return. Then, the isotonic solution returns to the blood to maintain a proper solute concentration. A. Identification Tests: Use exercise modules 5-7 for this part: Reagent Added esults with Water Control silver nitrate A.1 Cl A.2 Starch no change A.3 Glucose no change iodine Benedicts Reagent Results of Positive Test sol turns white sol turns blue sol turns orange R no change

B. Osmosis and Dialysis: Use exercise module 8 for this part: Time Cl present? Glucose present? 0 minutes no no yes 20 minutes no 40 minutes yes yes yes no no

Starch present?

Questions and Problems Q.1 Which substance(s) were found in the water outside the dialysis bag? Cl and glucose Q.2 How did those substance(s) go into the water outside the dialysis bag? Osmosis- the concentration of cl and C6H12O6 was greater in the bag. The membra ne was permeable to the size molecules of Cl and C6H12O6, therefore permitted th e molecules to travel along the concentration gradient from a concentration of h igh to low.

Q.3 What substance(s) were retained inside the dialysis bag? Why were they retai ned? starch- it was retained inside the bag as it was only a 1% solution. The concen tration was much lower than that of the Cl and glucose C. Filtration--omit Questions and Problems Q.4 What is an isotonic solution? a solution having the same solute concentration as the solution in which it is b eing compared What is a hypotonic solution? A solution having less solute concentration than the solution in which it is be ing compared What is a hypertonic solution? A solution having more solute concentration than the solution in which it is bei ng compared Q.5 State whether each of the following are isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic: All the below would be in reference to red blood cells as opposed to a blanket s tatement to which we do not know what they are being related to. a. H2O hypotonic b. 0.9% NaCl isotonic c. 10% glucose hypertonic d. 3% NaCl hypertonic e. 0.2% NaCl hypotonic Q.6 A red blood cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink in volume as it underg oes crenation. In a hypotonic solution, a red blood cell will swell and possibly burst as it under goes hemolysis. Predict the effect on a red blood cell (crenation, hemolysis, or none ) that the following solutions would have: a. 2% NaCl crenation b. H2O hemolysis c. 5% glucose crenation d. 1% glucose crenation e. 10% glucose crenation Q.7 A parenteral solution is a solution that is injected into the tissues or blo od stream, but not given orally. Why are isotonic solutions used as parenteral solutions? Typically one would not want to inject a hypotonic or hypertonic solution into the blood stream in order to avoid crenation or lysis of the blood cells or othe r tissue cells. An isotonic solution would avoid this and complications from inj ection.