PUBLICATIONS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, NO. 22 Editor, Raymond A. Paynter, Jr PALEOGNATHOUS BIRDS FROM THE EARLY TERTIARY OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PETER W. HOUDE CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS Published by the Club 1988PUBLICATIONS OF tHE NUTTALL ORNEFHOLOGICA.CLUR, 1. The Comparative Biology of the Meadowlarks (Stumella) in Wisconsin. Wesley E Lanyon. 1957. vii + 67 p. 31 pls 2. Comparative Breeding Behavior of Four Species of North American Herons, Andrew J Mevertiecks. 1960. viii + 188 py 15 ph 3. Structural Adaptations of the Head and Neck in the Black Skimmer, Rynchops migra Linneaus. Richard 1. Zusi. 1962. viii + 101 py 4 fig 1. The Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopterys naficolls (Vieillot). A Study Based on Its Breeding Biology in Michigan. William A. Lam, 1962, viii + 155 p., 19 figs. $ ph. 5. Ecology and Bioenergetics of the Long billed Marsh Wren. Telematodytes palustris griseus (Brewster) in Georgia Salt Marshes. Herbert W. Kale I 1965-2vi 142p.,6L tables. 22 igs. 6. Communication and Relationships in the Genus Tyrannus. W. John Smith, 1966. x +250 pe, Stables, 51 figs 2. Life Histories of Central American Highland Birds, Alexander F. Skutch. 1967. vi +218 p.,1 table, 6 figs. 4. Breeding Biology of the Blue-faced Booby, Sula dactylata personata, on Green Island, Kure Atoll, Cameron B. Kepler. 1969. viii #97 p., 42 tables, 32 figs. 9, Species Taxa of North American Birds, A Contribution to Comparative Systematics. Emst Mayrand Lester L. Short. 1970. vi+ 127 p., 8 tables, 10, Studies of Tropical American Birds, Alexander F. Skutch. 1972. vi +228p.,2tables, 15 figs. 11, Communication and Other Social Behavior in Parus carolinensis, Susan T. Smith, 1972.% +125 p,, 6 ables, 2 figs 12, Avifauna of the Eastern Highlands ol New Guinea, Jared M. Diamond. 1972. vii # 438p, 19 tables, 42 figs. maps 13. Geographical Differentiation in the Genus Accipiter. Jan Wattel. 1973. vi +281 p. S2tables, 21 figs, 27 maps 14, Avian Speciation in Tropical South America, With a Systematic Survey of the Toucans (Ramphastidae) and Jacamnars (Galbulidae), Jangen Haller. 1974, vii 390p.,31 tables, 85 figs, 2 pls. 15, Avian Energetics. Raymond A. Paynter, Jr, (editor), 1974. viii + 344 p., 48 tables, 57 figs 16, Comparative Study of Todies(Todidae), with Emphasison the Puerto Rican Tody. Todus mexicanus. Angela Kay Kepler. 1977, xiv + 206 p., 37 tables, 67 figs., 7 maps. 17, Relationships of the Superoiders Alecioromorphae and Charadsiomorphae (Aves: Comparative Suudy of the Avian Hand. Boris C. Stegmann, 1578. vi + 119 p., 37 figs, 18. Geographic Variation in Social Behavior and in Adaptations to Competition Among Andcan Birds. Martin Moynihan. 1979. vi + 162 p., frontispiece, 42 ables, 16 fig... map. 19, New Studies of Tropical American Birds. Alexander F. Skutch. 1981. vi +281 p., 7tables, 1 figs 20. Lile History Suudies of Woodpeckers of Basten North America, Lawrence Killain, 1985 iil +240 p, frontispiece, 58 lige 21. Newloundland Birds: Exploitation, Study, Conservation. William A, Monteyeechi and Leslie M. Tuck, 1987. x +275 p., frontispiece, 23 tables, 40 figs 22. Paleognathous Birds from the Early Tertiary of the Northern Hemisphere. Peter W. Houde. 1988, vii +148 p., 27 tables, 41 figs. © Copyright 1988 By Nuttall Ornithological Club Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club may be obtained from the Nuttall Omithological Club, ¢/0 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, ‘Cambridge, Massachusets 02158ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......0..0c0ccececeeseceeeeeeeeeneee vii . INTRODUCTION ....... CHARACTERISTICS OF PALEOGNATHOUS BIRDS HISTORY OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF PALEOGNATHOUS BIRDS .. weasavenieews PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESES ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS OF PALEOGNATHOUS BIRDS ....... 6 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ... FIELD COLLECTING REMOVAL OF FOSSILS FROM ROCK 12 PREPARATION OF GROUND LAPIDAR' 12 MUSEUM STUDY 18 NOMENCLATURE 4 4 i“ 7 3, SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY .. LITHORNITHIFORMES, NEW ORDER cere 19 LITHORNITHIDAE, NEW FAMILY GENUS LITHORNIS OWEN . LITHORNIS VULTURINUS OWE! LITHORNIS NASI (HARRISON) .. ? LITHORNIS HOOKER! (HARRISON) LITHORNIS CELETIUS, NEW SPECIES LITHORNIS PROMISCUUS, NEW SPECL LITHORNIS PLEBIUS, NEW SPECIES . PSEUDOCRYPTURUS, NEW GENUS. PSEUDOCRYPTURU: GENUS PARACATHARTES HARRISON PARACATHART |OWARDAE HARRISON SPECIES OF INCERTAE S. : 4, FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND ECOLOGY OF LITHORNITHIFORMES ... HEAD AND FEEDING APPARATUS . FLIGHT APPARATUS PELVIC APPENDAGE NESTING BEHAVIOR - 107 - 18