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6.1.

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`ex`i msLvwaK I Zv`i Yvejxi cwiPq gymwjg-gvbm h cwZwqvi mw Ki, Zvi dj Gme `e-`exi gymwjg cwZicI Mo IV hgb, wn`y eb`~Mvi cwZc gymjgvbi ebwewe dvZgv, evNi `eZv `wYivqi icvi MvRx cxi I Kvjy kvnv, grmv`bv_i gymjgvb msiY cxi gm`wj, mZbvivqYi cwZic mZcxi|43 Abycg nxiv gji gZ, Ag-beg kZvxZ evOvwji agxq Rxeb Bmjvgx cfve coZ _vK| GB mgq I Zvi ci AmsL mywdgZev`x ag cPviK ga Bivb-Avie Ges fviZi Abvb c`k _K evsjvq cek KiZ _vK| G`i cfve G`ki gvbyl Bmjvg ag mK RvbZ cvi| Bmjvgi cfve G `ki gvbyli agxq Rxeb nZ mvgvwRK Rxeb cwieZb cwijwZ nq| Gi dj `kxq mswZi mKj AvwK Bmjvgx cfve coZ _vK| Bmjvgx cfve GLvbKvi civwYK AvLvbi m Bmjvgx AvLvb hy nq| cv hvq `e-`exi ekf~lv PvjwP| Zviv GK GKRb bZyb Avmb Awfwl nZ _vKb| hgb, eb`~Mv nq IVb ebwewe, wkZjv jvf Kib ebwewei ic, `wYivqi j Awfwl nb MvRxKvjy, mZbvivqYi j mZcxi BZv`x| G KviY GB mKj cxi-dwKimn Bmjvgx `e-`ex evOvwj Rxebi bZzb Abyl nq IV| hv my ic evOvwj Rxeb Bmjvgx mswZi wgkYi cwiPq enb Ki|44 mq Nvli gZ, wn`y mgvRi wbgkYxi gvbyl Bmjvg ag agvii AvM Zviv hLb eb evm KiZ Zv`i gvbmcU evN _K AvZivi Rb `e-`exi mw Ki Ges cv_i I MvQ BZv`x weg~Zic Zviv c~Rv KiZ| `e-`ex`i gyiMx, QvMj, gvl BZv`x ewj w`q m Kiv nZ| H mKj ckvi gvbyl cieZxKvj g K wlKvR wkL MvgmgvR Mo Zvjvi mgq Giv gv^q mgvRi ewnfvM _K wn`ymgvRi wb i Z_vKw_Z KvIov, evMw`, Puvovj, cv` cfwZ RvwZ wnme MnxZ nZ _vK| gymjgvbMY `wY 24 ciMYvq Gj 12

DPRvwZmg~ni NYv Aenjvi cwZwqvq GBme RvwZi gvbyl hLb Bmjvg agi mvgi Av`k AvK nq, ZLb gymwjg cxi, MvRx I wewe`i m hy nq `e-`exiI bZzb bvgKiY nq| ebwewe, MvRxevev nj Avw`g biMvwi Avw`g `e-`exi icvwiZ bvg gv|45 IqvwKj Avng`i gZ, my`iebi Awavx `ex eb`~Mv; wn`yiv G bvgB ZvK c~Rv Ki _vK| eb`yMvB Avw` `ex; ebwewe Zvi gymjgvwb msiY| ga hyM gymwjg kvmb cwZwZ I Bmjvg cPvwiZ nIqvi ci eb`yMv ebweweZ icvwiZ nqQb| wekl Ki, agvwiZ gymjgvbi G icwU mnR msNwUZ nqQ| agi cwieZb njI ckvi cwieZb bv nIqvq RbRxeb GKRb `eK kwi Avkq Aej^jbi Pvwn`v _KB hvq|46 W. Avyjvn Rvnvxi gymwjg mgvR G aiYi Kzc_v ev Kzmsvi-Gi Dveb mK 3wU KviY eYbv KiQb, c_gZ: c~e hyM hviv Bmjvg agi mykxZj QvqvZj GmwQjb, Zv`i AbKi agxq vbi Afve nZz aggZ cwieZbi ciI c~ei gvbwmKZvi cwieZb bv NUvq AbK msvi Zv`i ga Ayb _K hvq| wZxqZ: KviY wnmve ejv hvq h, bvbv ag I eYi gvbyl GKB m cvkvcvwk GKB mgvR emevm nZz agxq vbk~Y, A gymjgvbiv Aci agi Kw-KviPvi viv cfvweZ nq Ges Zv`i fvevi NU| ZZxqZ: mgKvjxb e`vZx f cxi dwKiivI mgvRi wKQy wKQy Kzmsvii Rb AbKvskB `vqx wQj|47 gvU K_v agZvMx ebRxex mc`vq c~ei gvbwmKZvi AvjvK wec`msKzj ebK Rq Kivi Rb GKRb `exi Kbv Ges ZvK c~Rv I be` c`vb KiQ| 6.2. Kb wKQz wKQz gymwjg ebwewei c~Rv Ki? gymwjgMY Avjvn Qvov Kviv KvQ gv_vbZ Kibbv, Kviv KvQ mvnvh Pvb bv, KvDK nvwRi-bvwRi, mekwgvb, me, mekvZv, 13

ivMevwa _K gyw`vZv gb Kib bv| Bmjvg wekvm Ki h, Ggb Kvb Yvejx gvbyl ev Kvb cvYxK Avivc Kiv hve bv h Yvejx Avjvni Yvejxi mv_ wgj hvq| wkiKi Aciva Avjvni KvQ gvivZK I eo Aciva wnme MY Kiv nq|48 G Rb Bmjvgi AbymvixMY wkiK-Gi welq mevP mveavbZv Aej^b Kib Ges Gi _K euP _vKvi Rb mevP mZKZv Aej^b Ki _vKb| ZviciI Kb evsjv`k I fviZi gymwjgMY ebwewei c~Rv Ki? gymwjg`i ebwewei c~Rvi mve KviYjv wbq GKwU weklY Kiv njt 6.2.1. ebwewei Rivbvgv cyw_i cfve

ebwewei Rivbvgv/ evbexexi Rivbvgv evsjv`k I fviZi my`ieb msjM GjvKvi gymwjgi Ni Ni `xNKvj _K cwVZ nq AvmQ| hyMi ci hyM agxq I Bmjvgx mvwnZ ejZ Zviv GUvK eySQ, mvi Avmi cvV KiQ, mgv`i KiQ I AwZ Av`i Pzgv w`q msiYI KiQ| gahyMi gymwjg gvbm ebwewei cwZ kv gvbe gbi e Mfxi cvw_Z nq AvQ| mviv w`bi KgKv `n webv`bi Rb gRgvq kvwgj njI gbi ARv, cyw_ iPwqZvi fvlvi PvZzh, Q`i gyQbvq I myii SsKvi ebwewe h gymwjg Pwi Zv Zv`i gvbmjvK Mvw_Z nq hvq| hvi dj ebweweK gymwjgMY Avcb fveZ _vK Ges GKUv chvq ZvK Zz KiZ hq AwkwZ G me ebPvixMY gbi Mfxi _K e RMZ Gb ZvK c~Rvi e`xZ vb `q| 6.2.2. mnvevb I cwZekx wn`y`i cfve

mvaviYZ: GK mc`vqi DcvmK Ab mc`vqi jvKiv Dcv Ki| wK ebwewe GKwU ewZg Pwi| ebwewe wn`y-gymwjg agwP vi mgw^Z ev wgkZ AiY`ex| hvK Dfq mc`vq Lye KvQ _K AwfZv 14

KiQ| `xN w`b ai wn`y-gymwjgMY GKB mv_ cvkvcvwk emevm I GKi Drme, c~Rv-cvebjvZ Abi AskMnY Kivi dj cviwiK mK AbK gReyZ, mnbkxj Ges mnggx nqQ| hvi dj wn`yi `ex, gymwjgi `exZ chewmZ nqQ|49 6.2.3. Awkv-Kzwkvi cfve

`ywbqvi jLv cov I Bmjvgx vb bv _vKvq KziAvbI nv`xm _K Zviv wQj e `~i| dj Awkv-Kzwkvi Rb Zv`i ga bvbvwea mvgvwRK Kzmsvi evmv ea wQj| Avi G aiYi Kzmsvi GKkYxi jvKi ga wPiKvj we`gvb _K eskvbyg Gi welgq dj djQ|50 GLbv ch gymwjg`i ga eskvbyg KD KD ebwewei c~Rv Ki AvmQ| 6.2.4. Avjvn ebweweK WK my`ieb gy KiZ ejv

Riv bvgv gZ, ebwewe I Zuvi fvB kvnRjx enkZ wQj| Avjvn Zv`iK WK my`i GjvKv gy Kivi Rb eivwngi Ni, jvj wewei D`i cvVvb|51 ebwewe Avjvni wcq ev`v nevi cgvY cvIqv hvq| G _K

ebwewei ghv`vI cKvk cvq| mvaviY gvbyli wekvm, ZvK m KiZ cvij AvjvnK cvIqv hve| hyM hyMvii G wekvm I msvii dj

ebwewe mnRB my`ieb GjvKvi gvbyli KvQ wcq nq IV| 6.2.5. ivmyjyjvn I dvZgvi Kei wRqviZ Ki AvavwZK

kw cqQb ebwewe Zvi fvBK mv_ wbq g`xbvZ nhiZ dvZgvi (iv.) Kei wRqviZ KiZ Ges Zvi Avkxev` wbZ hvb|52 G Avkxev`i ej wZwb bvivqYxi mv_ hy Rq jvf Kib Ges my`eeb Aj gvbyl emevmi DchvMx Kib| ^fv:eZB my`ieb GjvKvi gymwjgMY Zvi KvQ aYv `evi GKUv evnvbv LyR cvq| 15

6.2.6.

`wYivqi nvZ _K `yLK iv Kiv

`wYivq wn`y Zuvi nvZ _K `yLK iv Kivq gymwjg gvbm G aviYv kKo Mo emQ h ebwewe eb gymwjg`iK mKj wecv`vc` _K iv Kieb| m _K gymwjgi KD KD Zvi c~Rv Ki AvmQ| 6.2.7. ebwewe mekwgvb

my`ieb GjvKvq ebwewe AiY `ex wnme c~wRZ nq _vKb| wZwb AvVvi fvwUi gvwjK| my`ieb GjvKvq Zvi GKQ AvwacZ| Mfxi AiYi me cvYx Zuvi AbyMZ Ges Zuvi ekZv ^xKvi KiQ |53 m gZ ebivRi me cvYxt evN, mvc, nvi, KzwgiI Zuvi wb`k Abymvi KvR Ki|54 Riv bvgv Abymvi, `yLK evox cvVvevi mgq wZwb cPzi m` mn Zvui cvlv Kzwgi mKvi wcV Ki ZvK evox cQ `b|55 ZvK Zz KiZ cvij eb Avi Kvb fq _vKbv|56 m Rb my`ieb KgRxex wewfb kYxi ckvRxexMY Zuvi c~Rv Ki| Zv`i cfve ebMvgx gymwjg wewfb ckvRxexMYI Zuvi c~Rv Ki| 6.3. ebwewe c~Rvq gymwjg AvqvRb

gymwjg`i KD KD ebwewei c~Rvi Rb wkiwb Zix Ki| wkiwb Zix nq AvUv, gq`v, o, `ya, Kjv BZvw`i mnhvM| ebwewei `iMvq Abvb be`I `qv nq- Gmei ga mv`v wPwbi evZvmv, K`gv, cvUvwj o Ges bvbv aibi djg~j| AvUv, o, `ya, Kjv w`q wkiwb evwbqI KD KD `iMvq hvq Ges gyiwM RevB Ki dwKi-wgmwKb`i ga eUb Ki `q|57 ebwewei g ej wKQz bB| Ze wkwZ gymwjg dwKiMY gb gb KziAvbi `yGKwU AvqvZ cob| wn`yMY gymwjg `iMvq c~Rv `q Ges djg~j be` wnme MnY Ki| ebwewei mvb eb nuvm I gviM 16

Qo `qv nq| Gjv mvaviYZ KD aibv ev RevB Ki bv| MelK my`ieb Ggb ek wKQy gviM `LQb|58 6.4. ebwewe c~Rvq wn`y AvqvRb

wn`yMY eQii GKwU wbw` mgq ebwewei c~Rv Ki _vKb| Zuvi c~Rvi Kvb aiveuvav wbqg bB| c~Rvq mvaviYZ Kvb evY _vK bv| ebwewei fMY wbRivB cyw_/cuvPvjx co c~Rv Ki _vKb|59 Ze mywRZ myii gZ, ebwewei c~RvZ Rivbvgv _K cvV Kiv

evaZvg~jK|60 bxP eYi wn`yiv cyivwnZ WK c~Rv Ki| Lyjbv Aj wn`y evwoZ G c~Rv nj jvKvPvi cvjbi Rb GKRb gymjgvb mc`vqi gvbyli cqvRb nq| eb`exi wZm~PK Kvb g bB, Ze `exi gvnvZm~PK wKQz Qov I Mvb AvQ, Gjv gi KvR Ki|61 ebweweK Zz Kivi Rb G iKg AbK agxq wbqg-Kvbyb cvjb Kiv nq| fMY ebwewei c~RvZ cvq 5/6 nvRvi UvKv LiP Ki _vKb| c~RvZ djg~j, a~c-aybv BZv`x _vK Ges wewfb GjvKv _K ebwewei QvU QvU cwZgv wbq ev`-evRbvmn Gm gvbZ w`Z `Lv hvq| wn`yMY wbivwgl be` `exK DrmM Kib, ewj nq bv|62 Ze G, Gd, Gg, Avyj Rwjji gZ, wn`yiv G Aviv `eZvi bvg cvVv ewj w`q _vK| 63 ebwewe I Zuvi AwkZ evNi Rb gymwjg`i gZ wn`yMYI eb Rxe gyiMx Qo `q|64 6.5. c~Rvi aiY

wn`y-gymwjg mc`vqi wewfb ckvi ebRxexMY ebwewei c~Rv Ki| ebwewei c~Rv mvaviYZ emZ evoxZ Ges AiY AbywZ nq| emwZ c~Rv I AiY c~Rvi ga wKQzUv cv_K AvQ| wbg G welq AvjvKcvZ Kiv nj: 17

6.5.1.

jvKvjq ebwewei c~Rv

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ebwewei G c~Rv nq ebi ga| mvaviY c_v nj evY c~Rv cwiPvjbv Kie| hLvb Kvb cyivwnZ _vK bv A_ev `yMg GjvKv nevi dj Kvb cyivwnZ ev dwKi cvIqv hvq bv, m evYi Afve Zviv wbRivB 18

c~Rv mv`b Ki|71 ZvQvov eb Zuvi c~Rvi Kvb mgqI wbw` bB|72 ebRxex gvbyl evox _K eb GjvKvq hvvi mgq mv_ Ki Zviv Pvj, dj, wPwb, wgw wbq hvq| Mci cZK m`m c~Rv kl `exK DrmM Kiv be` cmv` wnme Lvq|73 ZvQvovI `yejvi Pi cwZeQi bf^ii kl ivm gjv nq, mLvbI ebwewei c~Rv nq| Ze mLvb wbqg gvwdK cyivwnZ c~Rv cwiPvjbv Ki _vK| 6.6. gvZKv c~Rvt wfb cKwZ

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cZxwK Afvex I `y`i KvQ gvqi f~wgKvi gZ| mRb Afvex gqvj, Rj, gvwS, evIqvjx mc`vq ebweweK gvqi Avmb ewmq c~Rv Ki| gvZKv c~Rv KwlRxex I mvaviY mgvR cvwjZ nq| wK ebwewei c~Rv ZgbwU bq| ebwewei c~Rv ebRxex wewfb ckvRxex`i viv m~wPZ nq| ebwewei c~Rv mgvR cPwjZ _vKjI KwlRxex mgvR ZvK c~Rv Kiv nqbv| GgbwK KwlRxex mgvR ejZ Mj Zvi mK fvj Ki RvbI bv| ebwewe wgk AvQ my`ieb I ZrmsjM GjvKvi ebRxex gvbyli `q Ryo| 6.7. ebwewei c~Rv t agxq mcxwZ RvwZ, ag, eY wbwekl wn`y-gymwjg mc`vqi gvbyl gay msMn, gvQ aiv BZv`x bvbvb cqvRb eb wMq evNi nvZ _K iv cZ A_ev ebi h Kvb wecv`vc` _K iv cZ MvRxevev, ebwewe, `wY ivq, bvivqYxK cv_bv Ki Ges c~Rv `q|75 my`ieb GjvKvq mviv eQi c~Rv-cveb bv njI evrmwiK ebwewei c~Rv, Abyvb, gjv I Drme Dcj gw`i cvb gvbyli fxo gbvig GK `ki ic aviY Ki| wn`ygymwjg mevB fxo Ki mcxwZi mZz eb iPbv Ki| Drmei AvgR ageY-Mvi f`vf` fywjq mevBK GK KvZvi mvwgj Ki bq| Drmei wkv mviv eQi Abykxjb Kivi dj wn`y-gymwjg nvRvi eQi mnvevb Kivi djI Ggb mvc`vwqK mxwZi D`vniY mviv cw_exZ Zzjbvwenxb| Rivbvgvq mcxwZi h wP dzU DVQ Zv wbgic: ebwewe I Zvi fvBK AbvKvswLZ fve G hy Rwoq coZ nqQ| Zv`i hyi Kvb cwZ wQjbv| ay gymwjg nevi KviY `wYivq ebwewei Dci hy Pvwcq w`qQ|76 hv `wYivqi agxq AmwnyZvi cgvY enb Ki| `wYivqi cwieZ Zvi gv bvivqYx hy Ki hy civwRZ nq| bvivqYx wn`yagi 20

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ebwewei mv_ mswk| m Rb Zuviv eb ebwewei bvg gviM Qo `q|121 Ze Mvc`K emy ebwewei AvjvPbvi Rb h Qwe w`qQb ZvZ ebweweK ZB gyiMxi Dci emv Aevq `Lv hvq|122 `yGKwU vb Zuvi c~Y g~wZ _vK, Avevi Kv_vI _vKI bv| Avevi Kv_vI Zuvi cwZgvi cwieZ Zuvi cZxK NU ev gvwUi QvU c cywRZ nq|123 ebwewei AbKjv vggvb cZxgv I gvwUi eo eo cZxK AvQ, h jvK G GjvKvi ebwewei fe` my`iebi ga Ges ZrmsjM b`xZ gvQ aivi mgq mv_ wbq hvq| Zuvi cwZgv, NU I cZxKjv my`iebi gvwU w`q Zix Kiv nq Ges cwZeQi GKevi Dj is Kiv nq|124 G cei MelK cvbLvwji gw`i mnR enb Kiv hvq ebwewei Ggb wKQy vggvb cwZgv, NU I cZxK `LQb| ebRxexMY hLb ebweweK iY Ki ZLbB wZwb mvov `b| wK hLb ebwewei iY bevi ciI Zvi Kvb mvnvh cvIqv hvqbv ZLb ai bqv nq h ebwewei evnb vBK KiQ A_ev Kv_vI AvUKv coQ|125 9. ebwewei mv_ K K c~wRZ nb my`ieb GjvKvq ebwewei c~Rvi Rb `yaibi gw`i ev _vb PvL co| GKwU vqx I AciwU Avqx| my`ieb XvKvi c_ cvq cZK b`b`x, Lvj-weji Zxi ev cvq gvovbv gVv c_i gvo, GgbwK Nb Rji gaI Avqxfve wbwgZ ebwewei _vb aygv ebwewe I Zuvi Kvj `yLi cwZgv PvL co| `y GK vb Zuvi c~Y g~wZ _vK, Avevi Kv_vI _vKbv| Avevi Kv_vI Zuvi cwZgvi cwieZ Zuvi cZxK NU ev gvwUi QvU c cywRZ nq|126 vqx gw`i ebwewei c~Rv Abyvb h cwZgvjv Zix Kiv nqQ mjv wewfb cwZi PvL wewfbfve aiv coQ| hgb: 31

KvgweR wekwe`vjqi GKwU cKi gZ, my`iebi AwaKvsk GjvKvi my`iebi wewfb Aji vqx gw`i ebwewe, `wYivq, `yL Ges MvRx*i cwZgv cvqB GK `Lv hvq|127 mywdqv Dwbi gZ, ebwewei gw`i ebwewe, Zuvi fvB kvnRjx Ges `wYivqi mv_ c~wRZ nb|128 GBP. Gj. miKvii gZ, AwaKvsk GjvKvi gw`i ebwewe, `wYivq, `yL Ges MvRx*i cwZgv GK `Lv hvq| `wYivqi cQb mv`v `uvox gyL `vovbv ewwU AvRgj| ebwewei Kvj GKwU evjK mwU `yL|129 Ze my`i jvj niv wbR my`iebi wewfb RvqMv cwigbi mgq gw`i gv `yUv cwZgv `LwQjb| wZwb mLvb Aviv cwZgv wQj ej gb Kib|130 Ze wZwb Kvi Kvi cwZgv `LwQjb Zv Aek DjL Kibwb| my`i jvj niv ebwewe Drme GKB mv_ PviwU `e`exi c~Rvi K_vI bQb: gbmv, gKi, cuvPcxi, `wYivq A_ev ebwewe| wn`y cyivwnZ gbmv I gKii Avi gymwjg cyivwnZ ev dwKi cuvPcxi I ebwewei c~Rv Ki|131 W. IqvwKj Avng`i gZ, Kv_vI Kv_vI `wYivqi mv_ ZviI cyRv Kiv nq| cl msvwi w`b `ex bvivqYxi wekl c~Rv nq| GKUv NU `wYivqi Ges AciwU bvivqYxi cZxK wnme cvkvcvwk iL c~Rv Kiv nq| AviI hv`i c~Rv Kiv nq Zviv njb MvRx cxi, `wYivq, ebwewe, eb`~Mv, bvivqYx BZv`x|132 mywRZ myii gZ, avbMvQ w`q Zix Ni ebwewei GK`j cwZgv ivLv nq| cwZw`b ZuvK c~Rv `qv nq| Kvb gvbyli gvbZ c~iY nj Zviv ebwewei QvU QvU cwZgv c~Rv gc Dcnvi `q| GB cwZgvi mv_ ay Zuvi Kvj `yLi cwZgv _vK| Ze Kv_vI Kv_vI kvnRjxi cwZgvI mv_ _vK|
kvn mK`vii Qj eiLvb MvRx my`ieb GjvKvq eN `eZv wnme cwiwPZ| ebwewei c~Rvi AvM wn`y-gymwjg mevB ZvK kv KiZ, eb hvZvqvZ Kvj Zvi bvg wbZ Ges c~Rv KiZ| Zvi KvQ G GjvKvi gvbyl weev` wggvsmvi RbI AvmZ| wZwb MvRx cxi wnme cwiwPZ| * kvn mK`vii Qj eiLvb MvRx my`ieb GjvKvq eN `eZv wnme cwiwPZ| ebwewei c~Rvi AvM wn`y-gymwjg mevB ZvK kv KiZ, eb hvZvqvZ Kvj Zvi bvg wbZ Ges c~Rv KiZ| Zvi KvQ G GjvKvi gvbyl weev` wggvsmvi RbI AvmZ| wZwb MvRx cxi wnme cwiwPZ|
*

32

GB K evN, Aa-evN, Aa-gvbe A_ev Kvb gvbyl hv `wYivqK wb`k Ki Ggb Kvb wP bB| Aek wKQy `~i `wYivqi Rb _vb Zix Kiv AvQ|133 kvgbMi DcRjv I Zvi Avkcvk ebwewei c~Rv Abyvb h cwZgvjv Zix Kiv nqQ m wj nj ebwewe, `wY ivq, MvRx, `ytL, kvnRywj, GKwU Kzwgi I GKwU bKvq wQj evIqvwj|134 Ze cvb Lvwji Rj cjxi ebwewei gw`i MvRx, kvn Rjx, ebwewe, `yLi gv Ges evNi ek `wYivqi cwZgv AvQ| Avgiv `yLi gvqi cZxgv G VvKzi NiB c_g `LZ cvB| Avi Kvb gw`i ev VvKzi Ni Kv_vI Zvi cwZgv `wLwb|135 ebwewei c~Rv ii AvM MvRx my`iebi ebRxex`i KvQ gwjK `eZv wQj| wn`y-gymwjg mKjB ZvK iY KiZ| ZvQvovI evNi `eZv wnme gymwjgMY MvRxK Ges wn`yMY `wYivqK c~Rv KiZ| eZgvb ebwewe my`iebi cavb `ex|136 m Rb ebwewei gw`i `wY ivq I MvRxcxi I Abvb `e-`exi cwZgv _vKjI ebwewe Zv`i Dci cfve wevi Ki Zv`iK Qvwoq MjI cyivZb `e-`exjvI GKevi ev` co hvqwb|137 10. ebwewe c~Rvi eZgvb Aev cvPxbKvj _K eZgvb mgq ch hviv eb wbivcvnxbZvq fvM Zviv ebwewei c~Rv `q| wK AvMi gZ eb GLb Avi wec`msKzj bq| AhZ I Aenjvq eb cvYx nvwiq hvQ, ebf~wg DRvo nQ Ges Gi cvkvcvwk mfZvi weKvk nevi dj ebwewe Zuvi AZxZi Mie nvwiq djQ|138 m Rb ebMvgx gvbyl AvMi Pq GLb AbK ekx cZqx| GLb Zv`i Avi ebwewei KiYv jvfi/Rv`y kwi cqvRb bB| dj AbK AvMi gZ

33

Avi ebweweK c~Rv Kibv| hgb: ebwewei c~Rv Dcj gjv emZ| G gjv mvnevcx ev ZviI ekx w`b vqx nZv| GLb G gjv GKw`b kl nq|139 cvPxbKvj _K my`ieb I ZrmsjM GjvKvi AwkwZ gymwjgMY ebwewei c~Rv KiZ| eZgvbI G GjvKvq wbgkYx, AwkwZ, mvRvmij I `wjZ gymwjgMYi GKUv Ask ZvK c~Rv Ki|140 Zviv `ywbqvex I xwb Kvb wkv`xvq AMmi bq| dj Zv`i ga Kzmsvi I bvbv aiYi AcmswZ gwnin nq wkKo Mo emvi dj G ic c~Rv msNwUZ nQ| wK eZgvb my`iebMvgx wewfb ckvRxexMY Zv`i Qj gq`i wKQy wKQy jLvcov wkLvQ|141 Qj-gq I cwievi wkwZ nevi dj Zv`i gvS _KI ebwewei c~Rvi gvv Kg hvQ| ZvQvov 1900 kZK AvjgMYi cPvi dj gymwjg`i ga _K ebwewe c~Rvi gvv Kg MQ| cyRvi cwieZ Kv_vI Kv_vI wgjv`i cPjb AvQ| Ze mvZxivq wgjv`i cPjb _vKjI gsjvi NvMivgvwo, avbgvwo, jvDWvev cfwZ Aj gymwjg`i gvS mxwgZ A_ njI wgjv`i e`j ebwewei c~Rv Kiv nq|142 wn`y`i gvS cvq AvMi gZB c~Rvi Ave`b AvQ| R. R. ivq egbi gZ, my`ieb `Z k~Y nq hvIqv I my`iebi cwZ wbfiZv `Z KgjI ebwewei mg^qev`x mvi my`iebi cZ Aj nvwiq hvqwb|143 Dcmsnvi cvPxbKvj gvbyl cw_exZ Zvi AwZ wUwKq ivLvi Rb Ges bvbvgywL wec`vc` _K euvPvi Rb AyZ, fqsKi, cvnvo-ceZ, MvQcvjv Ges AbK QvU LvUv welqK AjwKKZ, `eZ I AZxw`qZvi Yvivc KiZ, Zvi cQb kwkvjx `e-`exi KbvI KiZ Ges ZuvK c~Rv w`q m KiZ PvBZ| wK AvaywbK Kvji gvbylI Awkv I bvbwea Kzmsvii 34

wbMo e`x nq cvPxbKvji gvbyli gZ Rbgvbe k~Y my`iebK eiveiB mgxn KiQ I fqi PvL `LQ Ges Zvi Awb _K euvPvi Rb `e-`exi Kbv KiQ| Zvi Dci ebi evN I `I-`vbei fqK Rq Kivi RbI gvbyl gvqi gZ `i`x GK `exi Kbv Ki Zuvi bvg w`qQ ebwewe| Zuvi bvg Drme, hvv, cvjvMvb, gvbZ I c~Rv ceZb Ki ZuvK m KiZ PqQ Ges ebi mve mKj wecv`vc` _K euvPvi Rb Zuvi Avkq Kvgbv KiQ| Zuvi bvg Drme, hvv, cvjvMvb, gvbZ I c~Rv njI gv`vi cxi I cuvP cxii Abyic Zuvi f`i viv Kvb mc`vq Mo DVwb| AvaywbK Kvji gvb~l me wKQzK hvPvB-evQvB KiZ Pvq hyw, eyw I eveZvi AvjvK| wmWi I AvBjv mvBKvb cieZx my`iebi evN evcKfve RbemwZc~Y GjvKvq nvbv `qvZ RbRxeb wech nq coQ| evN hZ Avgb Ki ^fveZB gvbyli gb ZZ ekx ebwewei cwZ SzK co| wK eZgvb evsjv`ki my`ieb GjvKvq ebwewei c~Rv `evi ciI evcKnvi gvbyl I Abvb cvYx evNi wkKvi cwiYZ nQ| m Rb ebwewei kw I gZv wbq AvaywbK gvbm ck Zix nQ Ges Zuvi cwZ w`b w`b ebRxex gvbyli kveva Kg hvQ| G gvv AevnZ _vKj ebwewei c~Rvi Aev Kv_vq wMq `vove Zv mwVKfve ejv gywj| Ze ebwewei c~Rv I fw-kvi gvv Kg hvIqvi Dci hw` mgvRZvwK, bZvwK I gbvwZK Kvb MelYv nq, Ze Zvi h_vh_ KviY ewiq Avme ej G MelYv KgwU gb Ki|

35

Greenwood, Christina, A brief introduction to the Sundarbans..., Retrieved from: Rao, Kishore, The Sundarbans, The World Heritage Centre, UNESCO, Retrieved from: Bangladesh Forest Department, Ministry Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh, Highlights, Retrieved Editor,Wikipedia, evNi Avgb,Retrieved from: http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE

http://www.sundarbantigerproject.info/viewpage.php?page_id=3, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 04:25 PM

2

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/798, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 04:25 PM

3

from: www.bforest.gov.bd/highlights.php, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 04:25 PM

4

%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE %E0%A6%A3, Accessed on: 22/12/2011, 04:25 PM

5 6

Avng`, IqvwKj, evsjvi jvK-mswZ (wZxq cKvk), (XvKv: MwZaviv, 2001), c. 238-239 Alexander, Dr. Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School of Economics / University of Cambridge project),

Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM; See more: Muthukumaraswamy, M.D. (Ed.), Bonbibi: Bridging worlds written by Annu Jalais, Indian Folklife, (Chennai, India: National Folklore Support Centre, Serial No.28, 2008), P. 8
7

Avng`, IqvwKj, ebwewei Ribvgv

wmivRyj Bmjvg (mg.),

evsjvwcwWqv , (6 L) (c_g

cyb: gy`b), (XvKv: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU, 2004), c. 272-273

8

emy, Mvc`K, evsjvi jwKK `eZv,(ZZxq msiY), (KjKvZv: `R cvewjwks, g, 1998), c. LvZi, gvnv`, evb weex Riv bvgv, (XvKv: MIwmqv jvBeix, [GwU jLv nq evsjv 1287 [1880] Alexander, Dr. Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School of Economics / University of Cambridge project),

10
9

mvji KvwK gvmi 7 ZvwiL cyw_wUi fZi jLvi ZvwiL AvQ wK cKvki ZvwiL bB), c. 39
10

Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM

11

nK, gyn` Gbvgyj, e mywd cfve, gyn` Gbvgyj nK iPbvejx, (1g L, c_g cKvk), gbmyi

gymv mvw`Z), (XvKv: evsjv GKvWgx, 1991), cv, 189

12
13

emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 9 Nvl, mq, HwZn I mswZZ my`ieb, gb mvgwqKx, (g-Ryb msLv 2009), Retrieved from: Kwei, AvKei, ebwewi cuyw_i Avmi,`wbK Kvji K (XvKv), 13/04/2011, Retrieved from:

http://sites.google.com/site/manthansamayiki2/2009_mj_2, Accessed on: 19/09/2010, 8:29:00 AM

14

http://www.kalerkantho.com/~dailykal/ad.php?view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=13-042011&feature=yes&type=gold&data=Tax&pub_no=486&cat_id=3&menu_id=48&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 9/9/2011, 7:19:13 PM, Ze iwKe Dwb cvby , my`iebi Ici wbfikxj wewfb kYxi ckvRxex gvbyli msLv Kg Ki njI 6 jvL ej gb Kib, `Lyb cvby, iwKe Dwb (msev`, Lyjbv), http://www.unnayannews.net/issue/prsp/panos/rakib-1.html
15 16

Bmjvg, wmivRyj (mg.), cv, c. 271-272; emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 7;

Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 239

Uddin, Toufiq, Sundarban River Cruise, Retrieved from:

http://www.bdtrade.com.au/sundarban-p-100.html, Accessed on: 29.07.2010

17

Sarkar, H.L. Note on the worship of the Deity Bon Bibi in the Sunderbans, Calcutta: Journal of the Asiatic Society.

Letters. 22, No,2 (1965): P. 212, Aviv `Lyb: Kwei, AvKei, ebwewi cuyw_i Avmi, `wbK Kvji K (XvKv), 13/04/2011, Retrieved from: http://www.kalerkantho.com/~dailykal/ad.php? view=details&archiev=yes&arch_date=13-042011&feature=yes&type=gold&data=Tax&pub_no=486&cat_id=3&menu_id=48&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 9/9/2011, 7:19:13 PM
18

Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj,

my`iebi BwZnvm,

(2q I 3q L), (XvKv: wjgvb cvewjKk,

ekvL, 1376), c. 257

19

Nayak, Bhagabat, Amitaba Ghoshs The Hungry tide: Post-Colonial Approach, Ed. Nandini Sahu, The postcolonial space: writing the self and the nation, (Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd: New Delhi, India), P. 175

20

Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 238; Aviv `Lyb: Bmjvg, wmivRyj (mg.), IqvwKj Avng` KZK Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 238; Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg,

wjwLZ cxi wbe, evsjvwcwWqv , (5g L), (XvKv: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU, c_g cyb: gy`b, gvP, 2004), c. 412-413; Avyj, ( 1g L), cv, c. 147 ; Sufia Uddin (2011). "Beyond National Borders and Religious Boundaries: Muslim

and Hindu Veneration of Bonbibi". In Mathew N. Schmalz and Peter Gottschalk ed. Engaging South Asian Religions: Boundaries, Appropriations, and Resistances. New York: State University of New York Press. pp. 6182. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=-dP0p-TcnPUC&pg=PA61, Accessed on: 12/19/2011, 4:08:19 AM
21

Sur, Sujit, Folk deities of Sundarbans-Some observation, In In the lagoons of the Gangetic delta, ed. Gautam Kumar

Bera & Vijoy S. Sahay, (New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 2010), Page, 146, Retrieved from: http://books.google.com.bd/books?id=aF4_UjgfR0C&pg=PA143&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U218FIZeLe_LXNEdoRGoPs0WygMPA&w=800&gbd=1, Accessed on: 12/19/2011, 4:08:19 AM
22

Riv bvgv gZ, GK Mvg `yL bvg GK Mixe GwZg evjK evm KiZ| H Mvgi avbvBgvbvB

`yfvB `yLK A_i cjvfb `wLq my`iib wbq hvq| wK ebi ga Zvi mvgb evNi ek `wYivq Gm nvwRi nq| AZvmb I AcZvwkZ G wec` `L we`vq ejv gvqi wkwLq `qv Dc`k gZ `yL ebweweK WvKZ _vK| `yLi WvK b ZrYvr ebwewe Zvi fvB kvn Rjxmn QyU Gm `yLK iv Kib Ges cPzi m`mn evox cQ `b| GB `yLB c_g ebwewei c~Rv cPjb Ki|
23

LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 31; Aviv `Lyb: Roy, Tuhin, Life Style and Religious Beliefs of the Mowals of

Dacope Thana: a Sociological Study, Retrieved from: http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/June %202007/contents/LIFE%20STYLE%20AND%20RELIGIOUS.htm#_ftn8, Accessed on: 27/10/ 2010, 2:29:00 PM
24

mvZxiv msev``vZv, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ,

`wbK Avgvi KvMR, 11 gvP 2011, Retrieved from: http://amarkagoj.net/?p=1384, Accessed on: 3/11/2011 4:23:06 PM Aviv `Lyb, mygb, knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, mvZxiv cwZwbwa, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ, `wbK `ki Lei/ 22 Rvbyqvwi/2011, Retrieved from: http://www.desherkhobor.net/?DetailsId=2702, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 6:49:15 PM, Aviv `Lyb, egb, iYwRr, my`ieb GjvKvi HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv, evsjv wbDR UvqwUdvi.Kg (XvKv), deqvwi 3, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php? nssl=8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd&nttl=2011021228014, Accessed on: 3/11/2011, 4:23:38 PM, Alexander, Dr.

Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School of Economics / University of Cambridge project), Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM
25 26

Compilation, Raas Mela, Retrieved from: http://ekikrat.in/Raas-Mela, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 12:20:25 AM mygb, knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ,

`wbK `ki Lei (XvKv), 22 Rvbyqvwi, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.desherkhobor.net/?DetailsId=2702, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 6:49:15 PM
27 28

Sunder Lal Hora, op. cit. P.1 Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 107 Banerjee, Malini, Trouble in tide country, The Telegraph, Calcutta, India, Sunday, 10 February, 2008, Retrieved Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ 2011-wekl

29

from: http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080210/jsp/calcutta/story_8880602.jsp, Accessed on: 9/9/2011, 12:36:16 AM

30

msLv), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011 11:04:11 AM

31

Bera, Gautam Kumar, and Sahay, Vijoy S., Introduction,

In the lagoons of the Gangetic delta, New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 2010, Page XI , Retrieved from: http://books.google.com.bd/books?id=aF4_UjgfR0C&pg=PR11&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U082YtUlqyBNQbRsIM8G2p1jhIxIg&w=800&gbd=1,
Accessed on: 12/19/2011 1:57:05 AM
32

Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.), cv, c. 310, Administrator, Worldcooks Travels- Sundarbans Bangladesh, Retrieved

from: http://www.worldcook.net/Worldtravel/Bangladesh/Sundarbans/Sundarbans.htm, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM, Aviv `Lyb: LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 2
33

Ojha, Satadru & Chakraborty, Monotosh, Living In The Tiger's Shadow, The Times of India (Kolkata), 7 December,

2009, Retrieved from: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Living-In-The-Tigers-Shadow-/articleshow/5309212.cms, Accessed on: 25/08/2010, 11:47:00 PM

34

Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, elc~wZ 2011- wekl msLv,

Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 9/2/2011, 11:50:06 PM

35

LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 25, Aviv `Lyb: Roy, Tuhin, Life Style and Religious Beliefs of the Mowals of

Dacope Thana: a Sociological Study, Retrieved from: http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/June %202007/contents/LIFE%20STYLE%20AND%20RELIGIOUS.htm#_ftn8, Accessed on: 27/10/ 2010, 2:29:00 PM
36

LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 31; Aviv `Lyb: Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj, (2q I 3q L), cv, c.

259, Roy, Tuhin, Life Style and Religious Beliefs of the Mowals of Dacope Thana: a Sociological Study, Retrieved from: http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/June%202007/contents/LIFE%20STYLE%20AND%20RELIGIOUS.htm#_ftn8, Accessed on: 27/10/ 2010, 2:29:00 PM; Banerjee, Malini, Trouble in tide country, The Telegraph, Calcutta, India, (10,

February, 2008), Retrieved from: http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080210/jsp/calcutta/story_8880602.jsp, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 12:36:16 AM

37 38
39 40

Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 146 Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 143 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 19 Ghosh, Amitav, Wild Fictions, Outlook India (Online Magazine), 22 Decmber, 2008, Retrieved from:

http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?239276, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 1:17:54 AM

41
42

Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.), cv, c. 310 Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 238 Avwbmyvgvb, cv , c. 262

43
44

gj, Abycg nxiv, evsjvi cUi Mvb, mvcjyWy, (cwZ msLv/dvyb-P 1416), Retrieved from: Nvl, mq, HwZn I mswZZ my`ieb, gb mvgwqKx, (g-Ryb msLv, 2009), Retrieved Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv,

http://www.shapludu.com/1416/w2.php, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 7:04:05 PM

45

from: http://sites.google.com/site/manthansamayiki2/2009_mj_2, Accessed on: 19/09/2010, 8:29:00 AM

46

2011), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011, 11:22:16 AM, Zzjbxq: Bmjvg, wmivRyj (mg.), cv, c. 271-272; c. 237 I 239
47

Avng`, IqvwKj, cv,

Rvnvxi, Avyjvn, Kei whqviZ ebvg Kei fw, Retrieved from: http://sunnahtrust.com/?page_id=854, wkiK Aviwe k, Gi evsjv A_ Aswkev`, Ask vcb A_vr Avjvni mv_ Zuvi mv wbq KvDK

Accessed on: 8/28/2011, 4:21:22 PM

48

Aswk`vi gb Kiv| GwU GKwU eo Aciva| Avjvn me Aciva gv KijI wkiKi Aciva gv Kieb bv| Avj KziAvb: jvKgvb: 13
49

emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 9, Aviv `Lyb: Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj, (1g L), cv, c. 147 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 5 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 11-12 Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj, (2q I 3q L), cv, c. Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.), cv, c. 310 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 30-31 Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.), cv, c. 310 Mvc`K emy, cv, c. 8 cv, c. 8-9

Rvnvxi, Avyjvn, Kei whqviZ ebvg Kei fw,

Retrieved from: http://sunnahtrust.com/?page_id=854, Accessed on: 8/28/2011, 4:21:22 PM

50 51 52 53 54 55

257

56
57 58 59

egb, ibwRr, my`iebi Rj mswZ, `wbK c`~Z (mvZxiv), wWm^i 6 2010, (C` msLv

2010), Retrieved from: http://patradoot.net/2010/12/06/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C

%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF/, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM

60 61

Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 148 Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv,

2011), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011, 11:22:16 AM

62 63 64

emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 8 Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj, (2q I 3q L), cv, c. 260, ZzjYxq: emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 9 Roy, Tuhin, Life Style and Religious Beliefs of the Mowals of Dacope Thana: a Sociological Study, Retrieved from: Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P.2

65

http://www.asiaticsociety.org.bd/journals/June%202007/contents/LIFE%20STYLE%20AND%20RELIGIOUS.htm#_ftn8, Accessed on: 27/10/ 2010, 2:29:00 PM, See: Administrators, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, Bonbibi, Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbibi, Accessed on: 22/12/2011, 04:25 PM
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67 68 69

Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Sarkar, H.L., op.cit., P. 212 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 33, Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Uddin, Toufiq (29.07.2010), Sundarban River Cruise, Retrieved from: http://www.bdtrade.com.au/sundarban-p-

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100.html, Accessed on: 29.07.2010; Aviv `Lyb: Mvc`K emy, cv, c. 8, Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.) evsjv`k mvswZK mgxvgvjv-7, (XvKv: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU, c_g cKvk, 2007), c. 310, Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv, 2011), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011, 11:22:16 AM
71
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Sarkar, H.L. op.cit., P. 212 emy, Mvc`K, cv , c. 8 Sarkar, H.L. op.cit., P. 212 fvPvh, bi`bv_, fviZxq agi BwZnvm (2q gy`b), (KwjKvZv: Rbvij wcUvm qv Nvl, mq, HwZn I mswZZ my`ieb, gb mvgwqKx, (g-Ryb msLv 2009), Retrieved from:

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74

cvwekvm cvBfU wjwgUW, 2000), c. 17

75

http://sites.google.com/site/manthansamayiki2/2009_mj_2, 19/09/2010, Accessed on: 8:29:00 AM, ZzjYxq: Burman, J. J. Roy, Hindu-Muslim syncretic shrines and communities (First Edition), (New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 2002), Page. 324
76 77 78

LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 13 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 15 LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 27, Aviv `Lyb: Alexander, Dr. Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School

of Economics / University of Cambridge project), Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/thelocations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM

79

emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 9, Aviv `Lyb: Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv,

`wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv, 2011), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011, 11:22:16 AM
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Muthukumaraswamy, M.D. (Ed.), Bonbibi: Bridging worlds written by Annu Jalais, Indian Folklife, (Chennai, India:

National Folklore Support Centre, Serial No.28, 2008), P. 8, Zzjbxq: Sarkar, H.L., op.cit., P. 212
81 82 83

Sarkar, H.L., op.cit., P. 212 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 32-33 Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 148, Zzjbxq: Adminisrtration, About Sunderban, Retrieved from: Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 239 Administrator, Worldcooks Travels- Sundarbans Bangladesh, Retrieved from:

http://www.sundarbantigersafari.com/abtsund.htm, Accessed on: 15/05/2010

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85

http://www.worldcook.net/Worldtravel/Bangladesh/Sundarbans/Sundarbans.htm, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM

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Barnett, Alex, The Goddess and the Tiger, Connecticut College Magazine, Spring 2009, Retrieved from:

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LvZi, gvnv` cv, c. 28 Bmjvg, wmivRyj (mg.), cv, c. 271-272; Aviv `Lyb: Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 239 Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj, (1g L), cv, c. Avng`, IqvwKj (mg.), c, c. 310; Aviv `Lyb:

147
90

Alexander, Dr. Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School of Economics / University of Cambridge project), Avyj , (1g L), cv, c. 303, Aviv `Lyb, mygb,

Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM, Aviv `Lyb: Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ, `wbK `ki Lei (XvKv), 22 Rvbyqvwi, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.desherkhobor.net/?DetailsId=2702, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 6:49:15 PM ; Aviv `Lyb, egb, iYwRr, my`ieb GjvKvi HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv, evsjv wbDR UvqwUdvi.Kg (XvKv), deqvwi 3, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php?nssl=8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd&nttl=2011021228014, Accessed on: 3/11/2011, 4:23:38 PM
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Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 240; Aviv `Lyb: Mvc`K emy, cv, c. 8 Mvc`K emy, cv, c. 8 Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj Sunder Lal Hora, op.cit., P. 2 mb, myKzgvi, Bmjvgx evsjv mvwnZ, (KwjKvZv: eagvb mvwnZ mfv, 1370), c. 94; Aviv , (1g , (1g L), cv, c. 304, Aviv `Lyb: Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj , (2q I 3q

L), cv, c. 260

94 95

`Lyb: LvZi, gvnv`, cv, c. 32, Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 238 ; Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj L), cv, c. 147

96

mygb, knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ,

`wbK `ki Lei (XvKv), 22 Rvbyqvwi, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.desherkhobor.net/?DetailsId=2702, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 6:49:15 PM Aviv `Lyb, egb, iYwRr, my`ieb GjvKvi HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv, evsjv wbDR UvqwUdvi.Kg (XvKv), deqvwi 3, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php? nssl=8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd&nttl=2011021228014, Accessed on: 3/11/2011, 4:23:38 PM
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emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 8 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 33 mygb, knx`yjvn Kvqmvi, my`ieb msjM Rbc` HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv nvwiq hZ emQ,

100

`wbK `ki Lei (XvKv), 22 Rvbyqvwi, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.desherkhobor.net/?DetailsId=2702, Accessed on: 9/9/2011 6:49:15 PM, Aviv `Lyb, egb, iYwRr, my`ieb GjvKvi HwZnevnx ebwewe gjv, evsjv wbDR UvqwUdvi.Kg (XvKv), deqvwi 3, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php?nssl=8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd&nttl=2011021228014, Accessed on: 3/11/2011, 4:23:38 PM
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Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 33 Unknown Author, Bonbibi, Retrieved from: http://www.amazines.com/Bonbibi_related.html, Accessed on:

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29.07.2010, 4:09:20 PM
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Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Avyj cv , c. 308

, (1g L), cv, c.

308

egb, ibwRr, my`iebi Rj mswZ,`wbK c`~Z, 6 wWm^i, 2010, (C` msLv 2010),

Retrieved from: http://patradoot.net/2010/12/06/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C %E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF/, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM
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egb, ibwRr, my`iebi Rj mswZ,`wbK c`~Z, 6 wWm^i, 2010, (C` msLv 2010),

Retrieved from: http://patradoot.net/2010/12/06/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C %E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF/, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM
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Gupta, G.K., Bon bibi in Sunderbans, Saturday, July 8, 2006, Chandigarh, India, the Tribune, Online Edition,

Retrived from http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060708/edit.htm#5, Accessed on: August 20, 2010, 8:29:07 AM, See more: Uddin, Toufiq, Sundarban River Cruise, Retrieved from: http://www.bdtrade.com.au/sundarban-p-100.html, Accessed on: 29.07.2010; Administrator, Worldcooks Travels- Sundarbans Bangladesh, Retrieved from: http://www.worldcook.net/Worldtravel/Bangladesh/Sundarbans/Sundarbans.htm, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM
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Uddin, Toufiq, Sundarban River Cruise, Retrieved from: http://www.bdtrade.com.au/sundarban-p-100.html, Accessed

on: 29.07.2010

109
110

Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv,

2011), Retrieved from: http://jjdin.com/index.php? view=details&feature=yes&type=single&pub_no=167&cat_id=2&menu_id=34&news_type_id=1&index=2, Accessed on: 8/27/2011, 11:22:16 AM

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Sarkar, H.L. op.cit., P. 211 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 wbR^ msMn| Z_ msMni vb: mvZxiv Rjvi kvgbMi DcRjvi Rj cjx, Mvg: cvbLvwj, Avev`

Px cyi gRvi eywoMvqvwjbx BDwbqb, VvKzi Ni eviv`vmn GvWeii QvDwb `qv| gw`ii `N 12 dzU 6 Bw Ges c 6 dzU |
114 115

emy, Mvc`K, cv, c.9 Sarkar, H. L. op.cit., P. 211 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Avng`, IqvwKj, (mg.) evsjv`k mvswZK mgxvgvjv-7, (XvKv: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK Avng`, IqvwKj (mg.), cv, c. 310, Zzjbxq: emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 7-8 Banerjee, Malini, Trouble in tide country, The Telegraph, Calcutta (India), 10 February, 2008, Retrieved from: emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 8 Sur, Sujit, op. cit. P. 147-149 emy, Mvc`K, cv, c. 7 cv, c.7 Uddin, Toufiq, Sundarban River Cruise, Retrieved from: http://www.bdtrade.com.au/sundarban-p-100.html, Accessed

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mvmvBwU, c_g cKvk, 2007), c. 310

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http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080210/jsp/calcutta/story_8880602.jsp, Accessed on: 9/9/2011, 12:36:16 AM

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Ojha, Satadru & Chakraborty, Monotosh, Living In The Tiger's Shadow, The Times of India (Kolkata) 7 December,

2009, Retrieved from: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Living-In-The-TigersShadow-/articleshow/5309212.cms, Accessed on: 25/08/2010, 11:47:00 PM

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emy, Mvc`K, cv, c.7 Alexander, Dr. Claire and etl., Bangla Stories, (London School of Economics / University of Cambridge project),

Retrieved from: http://www.banglastories.org/about-the-project/the-locations/satkhira.html, Accessed on: 12/5/2010, 11:20:25 AM, Aviv `Lyb, Muthukumaraswamy, M.D. (Ed.), Bonbibi: Bridging worlds written by Annu Jalais, Indian Folklife, (Chennai, India: National Folklore Support Centre, Serial No.28, 2008), P. 8, Retrieved from: http://www.indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFL/article/view/254/261, Accessed on: 20/07/2010, 8:29:07 AM
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Mathew N. Schmalz and Peter Gottschalk ed. Engaging South Asian Religions: Boundaries, Appropriations, and Resistances. (New York: State University of New York Press, 2011), Page 6182. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=-dP0p-TcnPUC&pg=PA61

129 130

Sarkar, H.L. op.cit., P. 211 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 2 Hora, Sunder Lal, op.cit., P. 32-33 Avng`, IqvwKj, my`iebi jwKK cxi-`eZv, `wbK hvqhvqw`b, (elc~wZ wekl msLv,

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132

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wbR^ msMn, vb: Mvg: cvbLvwj, eywoMvqvwjbx BDwbqb, Avev` Pxcyi gRv, _vbv:

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Adminiostrator, Sunderban Mangrove Retreat Visit the Best of Mangrove Wilderness, Retrived from:

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138

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(XvKv), deqvwi 3, 2011, Retrieved from: http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php? nssl=8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd&nttl=2011021228014, Accessed on: 3/11/2011, 4:23:38 PM
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Avng`, IqvwKj, cv, c. 238; Aviv `Lyb, Bmjvg, wmivRyj (mg.), IqvwKj Avng` KZK

wjwLZ cxi wbe, evsjvwcwWqv , (5g L) (c_g cyb: gy`b), (XvKv: evsjv`k GwkqvwUK mvmvBwU, 2004), c. 412-413; Rjxj, G, Gd, Gg, Ave`yj, ( 1g L), cv, c. 147
141

egb, ibwRr, my`iebi Rj mswZ, `wbK c`~Z, 6 wWm^i, 2010, (C` msLv 2010),

Retrieved from: http://patradoot.net/2010/12/06/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C %E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D %E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF/, Accessed on: 3/6/2011, 7:00:33 PM
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nvmvb, ivk`, gay msMni AvWfvi,`wbK mgKvj (XvKv), 6 AvM, 2011, Retrieved from:

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143

Burman, J. J. Roy op.cit., 25