Albert H.

Small Student/Teacher Institute Normandy: Sacrifice for Freedom June 16 - 28, 2012
Professor C. Thomas Long, Institute Director Cathy Gorn, Ph.D., Executive Director, National History Day Ann Claunch, Ph.D., Director of Curriculum, National History Day Lynne O'Hara, Head Teacher Michael Kern, Historian, National History Day Nathan Huegen, National WWII Museum History Coordinator

Participants
Student Taylor Bromlow Erick Chavez Jake Eden Samantha Fletcher Brandon Gunn Kalie Indest Joseph Landoni Jason Lewis Lacy Myrman Richard Otis Michel Shimek Tiffany Shumack Jenna Stone Phalguni Vetrichelvan Ethan Webster Teacher Penny Heath Julian Hipkins III Brian Connick Joseph Boyle Sigrid Olson Melanie Boulet Tricia Billes Mark McKay Nancy Ziemer Stephen J. Johnson Moni Hourt Arlene Harris Wendy Nelson Kauffman Joyce O'Day Jarred Stewart Honored Soldier Pvt. Cecil E. Garner Pvt. John Harris S.Sgt. James H. McMahon MoM2 Joseph Vanasky, Jr. Corp. Eugene W. Morrison Sgt. John P. Ray Tech 5Terrence D. Cosgriff Major Courtney B. Neilson Pvt. Arvid L. Setran Corp. Albert J. Jensen 2nd Lt. Dean A. Woods Pvt. Ruben R. Tellez PVC Horace Bennino Tech 5 Frank J. Bennino 1st Lt. Brigido Gonzalez S. Sgt. John B. Guerrero

Table of Contents Important Information and Emergency Contact and Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . Room Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rules, Goals, and Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of George Washington University Mount Vernon Campus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Map of George Washington University Campus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Portion of the Washington National Mall Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of Downtown Bayeux, France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Friday, June 15: Early arrivals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Saturday, June 16: Welcoming Dinner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sunday, June 17: Presentation-World War II, The Big Picture; Activity - US War Plans; Tour of Monuments on National Mall; Movie - Notes for Sunday Events. . . .. Monday, June 18: Presentations on "The American Army of WWII" and "The Home Front"; visit Arlington National Cemetery and the National Museum of American History ; and Reception at French Embassy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Tuesday, June 19: Research at the National Archives, College Park and Film. . . . . . . . . Wednesday, June 20: Presentations on "Planning and Preparing for Operations Neptune and Overlord" and "The Secret War: Intelligence and Deception in the Normandy Campaign"; and Activity - War Era Yearbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thursday, June 21: Presentation of "Operation Overlord and the Normandy Campaign", visit the Udvar-Hazy Air and Space Museum; and depart for France . . . . . . . . . . . . . Friday, June 22: Arrive in Paris and travel to Bayeux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturday, June 23: Visits to Pegasus Bridge and Pegasus Bridge Museum; Le Grand Bunker Muse du Mur de lAtlantique; Priers-sur-le-Don, Marie Louise Osmont's town; Arromanches, site of British Mulberry Harbor; German Battery at Longues sur Mer; and the Battle of Normandy Memorial Museum in Bayeux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of Saturday route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of the Normandy Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of the Normandy Campaign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Map of the British Assault at Pegasus Bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map and diagram of German Gun Defenses in Normandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map and images of Mulberry B Artificial Harbor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sunday June 24: Visits to Ste.-Mre-glise site of airborne landing; Le Muse Airborne; La Fire Bridge battlefield and memorial; Operation Cobra Start Line; Scene of battle in the bocage; Villers-Bocage battlefield; German Cemetery at La Cambe; Site of Ranger assault on Point du Hoc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of Sunday Route (3 parts). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan for Airborne Assault in Contentin Peninsula behind Utah Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82nd Airborne action at La Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 101st Airborne Operations on D-Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taking the Contentin Peninsula and Cherbourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map showing Operation Cobra plan, including carpet bombing box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of Operation Cobra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Image of fighting in the bocage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of British attack at Villers-Bocage and Wittman's counter-attack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Images of Michael Wittman and Tiger tank and his grave marker at La Cambe . . . . . . . Omaha Beach Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9

11 13

14 15 16

17 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Plan of attack on Pointe du Hoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Monday, June 25: Visits to Utah Beach; Omaha Beach - Vierville Draw and Dog Green Beach; optional visit to the Bayeux Tapestry Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map of Monday's Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah Beach on D-Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8th Infantry Landing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Beach aerial photo showing beach exits via draws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Beach first wave landing plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landing schedule for 116th RCT on Omaha Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bluffs from Vierville Beach area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . German Defenses at Omaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. More German Defenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuesday, June 26: Visit to Omaha Beach Cemetery Museum and Visitor Center; 1st Infantry Division Monument and Widerstranznester 62; Omaha Beach at Colleville and St. Laurent Draws; American National Battlefield Cemetery Omaha Beach; and Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Attacks from Omaha between Les Moulins and Colleville by Lt. Spalding and E Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Beach and American Cemetery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... To Paris and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Wednesday, June 27: Visit sites in Paris; Reception at Htel de Pontalba, the residence of the U.S. Ambassador to France; Farewell Dinner at Le Cercle de lUnion interallie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thursday, June 28: travel to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography and Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General World War II Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Atlases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Books on the Normandy Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

53 55 56 57

58 58 59 59 59 60

Important Information In the event of a health concern, missing a fellow participant (e.g., roommate), lost wallet, lost passport, lost luggage, any encounter with local officials, or anything else that might result in a dangerous situation, a group delay, or an embarrassing situation, contact one of the group leaders right away. Emergency Contact and Safety Information Cell Phone Number: 001 703 759 1688 Cell Phone No. 001 301-404-4365 Cell Phone No. 001 484-919-2595 Cell Phone No. 001 954-651-1924 Cell Phone No. 001 618-791-2006

Professor Long Dr. Gorn Ms. O'Hara Michael Kern Nathan Huegen

Hotel Novotel Bayeux Rond-Pointe de Vaucelles 14 400 Bayeux Telephone: (33) 02 31 92 1611 (Note that the country code, 33, is not used if calling from a French telephone.) Hotel Novotel Paris Tour Eiffel 61 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France Telephone: (33) 01 40 58 2000 US Embassy, Paris 2 Avenue Gabriel 75008 Paris, France Telephone: (33) 01 43 12 22 22 Website: www.amb-usa.fr Emergency, Police: 17 Emergency, Fire Department 18 Emergency, Paramedic 15 Poison Emergency Center, Paris (33) 01 40 05 4848

Room Assignments Hotel Novotel Paris Tour Eiffel

Room # Professor Long Ms. O'Hara & Ms. Ziemer Ms. Billes & Ms. Olson Ms. Nelson Kauffman & Ms. Heath Mr. Connick & Mr. Johnson Mr. McKay & Mr. Stewart Jake Eden & Michael Shimek Erick Chavez & Joseph Landoni Samantha Fletcher, Phalguni Vetrichelvan, & Taylor Bromlow Hotel Novotel Bayeux Room # Professor Long Ms. O'Hara & Ms. Ziemer Ms. Billes & Ms. Olson Ms. Nelson Kauffman & Ms. Heath Mr. Connick & Mr. Johnson Mr. McKay & Mr. Stewart Jake Eden & Michael Shimek Erick Chavez & Joseph Landoni Samantha Fletcher, Phalguni Vetrichelvan, & Taylor Bromlow Dr. Gorn Mr. Huegen & Mr. Kern Ms. Boulet & Ms. O'Day Mr. Boyle & Mr. Hipkins Ms. Harris & Ms. Hourt Richard Otis & Jason Lewis Jenna Stone & Tiffany Shumack Brandon Gunn & Ethan Webster Kalie Indest & Lacy Myrman Room # Dr. Gorn Mr. Huegen & Mr. Kern Ms. Boulet & Ms. O'Day Mr. Boyle & Mr. Hipkins Ms. Harris & Ms. Hourt Richard Otis & Jason Lewis Jenna Stone & Tiffany Shumack Brandon Gunn & Ethan Webster Kalie Indest & Lacy Myrman

Room #

Room #

Hotel Novotel Paris Tour Eiffel Room # Professor Long Dr. Gorn Ms. O'Hara & Ms. Ziemer Mr. Huegen & Mr. Kern Ms. Billes & Ms. Olson Ms. Boulet & Ms. O'Day Ms. Nelson Kauffman & Ms. Heath Mr. Boyle & Mr. Hipkins Mr. Connick & Mr. Johnson Ms. Harris & Ms. Hourt Mr. McKay & Mr. Stewart Richard Otis & Jason Lewis Jake Eden & Michael Shimek Jenna Stone & Tiffany Shumack Erick Chavez & Joseph Landoni Brandon Gunn & Ethan Webster Samantha Fletcher, Phalguni Vetrichelvan, & Taylor Bromlow Kalie Indest & Lacy Myrman

Rules, Goals and Tasks Remember at all times that you are a representative of the United States and a guest in France. Present yourself so as to bring credit on the United States (and your own state), the Albert H. Small Institute, your school, and yourself. Be aware of your surroundings, learn from all your experiences - if anything causes you concern, contact one of the group leaders or a teacher right away. Get involved with our on-site learning experience. Learn as much as you can about DDay, your soldier, the sacrifices they made, the momentous undertaking that was the Normandy Campaign, and its importance to the freedom of today's world. Remember, "Freedom Is Not Free" as it says on the wall at the Korean War Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C. Take pictures, make notes in your handbook (or elsewhere) to help you remember everything that we learn about and all that we do. Participate actively, ask questions. Do your homework, study the maps and pictures in the handbook and try to imagine the events that took place in Normandy sixty eight years ago now. Have a good time!
Students who attend the Normandy Institute agree to: 1. Be on time to all events and adhere by all dress codes standards set for the trip. 2. Be positive and flexible 3. In each location (GW campus, hotels, field trips), we will establish boundaries for all students. You must be with a teacher or staff member when out of boundaries. This is non-negotiable. If you do become accidentally separated, please call one of the NHD leaders as soon as possible. 4. Check in with an NHD leader (Dr. Gorn, Mike, Nathan, Lynne) if you are leaving boundaries. 5. ALL reasonable requests by ANY adult in the institute (your teacher or not) must be followed. 6. No alcohol, drugs, or tobacco products at any point during the Institute. The US drinking age is in effect through the trip; students are not allowed to purchase, drink, or transport these substances at any time. 7. Phones may be used during the trip at appropriate times, but should not be used during presentations, discussions, or while touring a site or museum. 8. Take advantage of this opportunity! Take pictures, ask questions, engage in every session and tour. While in the dorms. -No boys in girls rooms, no girls in boys rooms. You are welcome to socialize in common areas and the quad. -10pm room curfew, 11pm lights out. Our days are long and busy. -If you need assistance, please speak up to an adult. We will work within our power to help you. While in the classroom -Be engaged no iPods, whispered conversations, napping, texting etc. -Notebooks and pens out we expect you to jot down notes, questions, thoughts. These can be very helpful in creating your websites. -Ask questions! Feel free to raise your hand at any point. While in France -You are representatives of your school, your community, the United States, Albert Small, and National History Day. Please behave accordingly. -All US and French laws apply. -Be especially respectful to all who you encounter.

George Washington University Mount Vernon Campus

Map of George Washington University Foggy Bottom Campus

Map of National Mall (Excerpt, National Park Service)

Map of Downtown Bayeux (Google Maps)

Afternoon

Friday, June 15, 2012 Early arrivals check into Somers Hall, Mount Vernon Campus, George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW Washington, DC 20007 Saturday June 16, 2012 Arrive and check into rooms at Somers Hall, Mount Vernon Campus, George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW Washington, DC 20007 Meet outside Somers Hall to leave by bus for dinner at the City View Room, 7th Floor, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University,1957 E Street, NW, Washington, DC Arrive at City View Room. Dress Code: Gentlemen should wear coat and necktie or suit. Ladies attire should be of comparable degree of formality as that prescribed above for gentlemen. Inappropriate attire includes: jeans; shorts of any kind; T-shirts; shirts without a collar; tennis caps; any type of athletic clothing; and, for the men, any type of shoe worn without socks. (See Map of Foggy Bottom Campus, page ) Welcome by Cathy Gorn, Executive Director, National History Day Dinner is served Remarks by Mr. Robert Perry, Trustee of National History Day and George Washington University and Introduction of Mr. Albert H. Small Remarks by Mr. Small and Introduction of Mortimer Caplin, Esq., who served as a U.S. Navy Beach Master on Omaha Beach on D-Day. Remarks by Mr. Caplin Students express appreciation to Mr. Small and Mr. Caplin Concluding remarks by Mr. Perry Return by bus to Somers Hall on the Mount Vernon Campus

Afternoon

5:00

5:45

6:20 6:30 7:10 7:15 7:20 7:40 7:45 8:00

NOTES FOR SATURDAY SITES: The George Washington University: Originally founded as Columbian College in the District of Columbia in 1821, The George Washington University (GWU) enjoys a reputation as one of the finest higher education institutions in the United States. In 1904, Columbian College was renamed The George Washington University in honor of our first president. Today, the university operates campuses in Foggy Bottom and Mount Vernon to serve over 26,000 students and faculty. Notes:

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8:00 - 9:00 9:00 - 10:45

11:00 - 12:00 12:00 - 12:30 12:30 - 1:00 1:00 - 2:00 2:00 2:30 - 5:00

5:00 5:30

Sunday June 17, 2012 Breakfast - West Hall Dining Hall Welcome, Introductions, and Discussions Cathy Gorn, Executive Director, National History Day Tom Long, Institute Director, George Washington University Presentation: World War II, The Big Picture by Major Richard Wilkerson (United States Marine Corps) - Ames Hall B207 Questions and Answers Lunch - - West Hall Dining Hall Activity: Consideration of the U.S. War Plans (Color and Rainbow Plans) for World War II, conduced by Michael Kern - Ames Hall B207 Bus to National Mall (FDR Memorial, see map of Mall Area, page 9. Walking tour of the Washington National Mall and Memorial Park. (We will visit the FDR, DC War Memorial, Korean War Veterans, Lincoln, Three Servicemen, Vietnam Veterans, Vietnam Women's, and World War II Memorials - this is about a 3 mile walk, so plan accordingly. If the weather is seriously uncooperative, we will visit the World War II Aviation Exhibits at the National Air and Space Museum.) See map of Mall Area, Page . Return to the Somers Hall by bus Pizza and a Movie, Saving Private Ryan (1998, 169 minutes, directed by Stephen Spielberg, starring Tom Hanks, inspired by the story of the Niland family, of Tonawanda, New York (discussed in Band of Brothers) which lost two sons at Normandy - another, believed killed in the Pacific, survived. The two brothers killed in Normandy are buried in the American Cemetery at Omaha Beach.) - Ames Hall B207

NOTES FOR SUNDAY SITES: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial: In 1965, President Franklin Roosevelt got what he asked for: A simple stone outside of the National Archives bearing the inscription In Memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882-1945. But it did not seem like enough to honor the man who led the United States through the Great Depression and WWII, so a larger memorial was added to Potomac Park in 1997. The memorial was built on ground reclaimed from the Tidal Basin in the 1930s by members of Roosevelts own Civilian Conservation Corps. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial is divided into four sections, each of which brings the events of one of his presidential terms to life through quotes and sculptures. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial: Opened in 2011, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is a tribute to the life of a man who did as much to advance the cause of social justice as any other American of the 20th Century. The memorial features a larger-than-life sculpture of King and quotes from some of his most well-known speeches. To enter the memorial, visitors travel through a large rock cutting representing the mountain of despair which Dr. King said that Americans had to pass through in their pursuit of justice.

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District of Columbia War Memorial: This memorial was built to honor the service of the 26,000 Washingtonians who served in the military during WWI; the names of the 499 District residents who lost their lives are inscribed on the memorials base. The first war memorial erected on the National Mall, the memorial was dedicated on Armistice Day, 1931. Lincoln Memorial: Completed in 1922, the Lincoln Memorial was created to honor the spirit and sacrifice of President Abraham Lincoln. The memorial is in the shape of a classical Greek temple, with the names of the thirty-six states that were in the union in 1865 inscribed around the outside of the structure. Inside the memorial visitors will find a sculpture of Lincoln, along with the words of his inaugural addresses and the Gettysburg Address. The inscription above Lincolns head reads: In this temple as in the hearts of the people for whom he saved the union the memory of Abraham Lincoln is enshrined forever. Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Erected in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial honors the sacrifice of the over 58,000 Americans killed during the Vietnam War. In contrast to many other war memorials, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial focuses on the sacrifices of individual soldiers, rather than the collective effort of the whole nation. The polished gabbro rock walls of the memorial list, in chronological order, the name of each American serviceman or woman who died in Vietnam during the war. Two sculptures were added to the memorial in the years following its opening: The Three Soldiers was completed in 1984, while the Vietnam Womens Memorial was added in 1993. Korean War Veterans Memorial: This memorial honors the 54,000 Americans who died during the Korean War. Dedicated in 1992, the memorial features a pool of remembrance and a black granite wall with over 2,500 images of American servicemen and women on it. The wall is polished, so that visitors see themselves as they look at the images of American soldiers, sailors, Marines, and airmen of the Korean War. A wall near the pool of reflection reminds visitors that freedom is not free. The centerpiece of the memorial is a series of sculptures representing a group of servicemen on patrol in Korea. The group consists of nineteen sculptures representing men from the Army, Marines, Navy, and Air Force. National World War II Memorial: Opened to the public in 2004, the National World War II Memorial is a monument to Americas triumph during WWII and a site to honor the 405,000 Americans killed during the war. The memorial is circular in design, with pillars bearing the name of each state and territory in the union. The entrance is lined with bas relief plates which tell the story of the war (including two about D-Day). The Freedom Wall at the rear of the memorial holds 4,048 gold stars one for every 100 Americans killed during the war. Hidden at the rear of the memorial are two pieces of graffiti bearing the famous slogan Kilroy was here a bit of enduring American military humor which started during the war. Notes:

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Monday, June 18, 2012 8:00 - 8:30 Breakfast and Overview and Expectations - West Hall Dining Hall 8:30 - 9:30 Presentation: The American Army of D-Day - Personnel, Training, Organization, Leadership, Armament by Major John ("Casey") Doss, (United States Army) - Ames Hall B207 9:30 - 10:00 Questions and Answers - Ames Hall B207 10:00 - 10:30 Break 10:30 - 11:30 Presentation: World War II on the Home Front by Professor Christopher Klemek, George Washington University - Ames Hall B207 11:30 - 12:00 Questions and Answers - Ames Hall B207 12:00 - 12:30 Lunch - West Hall Dining Hall 12:30 Bus to Arlington Cemetery and the National Museum of American History 1:00 - 3:30 Visit Arlington National Cemetery for changing of the Guard on the hour and half-hour. President Kennedy's grave is nearby. Generals Omar Bradley and Maxwell Taylor are buried in Arlington (graves 30 Lot 428-1, Grid AA-39 and 7A Lot 20, Grid U-24). If time permits, we will take the bus to visit the "Price of Freedom" exhibit at the National Museum of American History 3:30 Bus from Arlington or the National Museum of American History back to Somers Hall 5:30 Bus from Somers Hall to French Embassy 6:00 Reception at French Embassy 7:30 Bus back to Somers Hall NOTES FOR MONDAY SITES: Arlington National Cemetery: The area which is now Arlington National Cemetery was confiscated by the government from the Robert E. Lee family during the Civil War. Burials began in 1864 today the cemetery conducts about thirty burials a day. The cemeterys 684 acres contain the graves of some of Americas most important military and civilian heroes like General Omar Bradley, President John F. Kennedy, and civil rights leader Medgar Evers. The cemetery also has numerous memorials, including the USS Maine Memorial and memorials to the Space Shuttles Challenger and Columbia. Tomb of the Unknowns: The Tomb of the Unknowns compels us to remember the common, but unknown and unremembered acts of bravery during war. An American unknown soldier of WWI was buried in a tomb at Arlington National Cemetery in 1921, following a practice which began in France in 1916. The soldiers marble sarcophagus bears three figures representing Peace, Victory, and Valor along with the inscription: Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God. In subsequent years, a soldier from WWII, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War have been buried next to the sarcophagus (the Vietnam soldier was identified in 1998 and removed from his tomb). The tomb is guarded twenty-four hours a day by soldiers of the Armys 3rd Infantry Regiment. The soldier on guard wears no rank insignia so that he does not outrank the unknown soldiers. The guard marches twenty-one steps and then watches for twenty-one seconds. This routine is a reference to the twenty-one gun salute, the highest honor that can be bestowed on an American citizen.
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Smithsonian National Museum of American History: Opened in 1964, the National Museum of American History (NMAH) is one of the most popular museums in the country, with over four million visitors per year. The Smithsonian Institution is a federal education and research institute dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge. Founded in 1846 with funds donated by British scientist James Smithson, the Smithsonian holds over 137 million items in its collection and runs nineteen museums, a zoo, and nine research centers. Known as The Castle, the original Smithsonian museum opened on the National Mall in 1855. The Embassy of France in the United States: The French embassy in the U.S. is the largest French diplomatic mission in the world, with over 400 employees. In 1778, France became one of the first countries in the world to recognize the United States as a sovereign nation. The embassy represents the interests of France and of French citizens within the United States. Notes:

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7:00 - 7:30 7:30 - 8:00 8:00 - 4:00 4:15 - 5:15 5:30 - 6:00 6:30 7:15

Tuesday, June 19, 2012 Breakfast and overview - West Hall Dining Hall Bus to National Archives II, College Park Research about Honored Soldiers in Primary Sources at the National Archives Return by bus to Somers Hall Discuss research results Dinner Movie: Normandy, The Great Crusade (Directed by Chrisopher Koch, starring Leslie Caron as the voice of Marie Louise Osmont, Discovery Channel production, approx. 90 minutes) Ames Hall B207

NOTES FOR TUESDAY SITE: National Archives at College Park: The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) was created in 1934 to preserve, document, and promote public awareness of U.S. government documents. The administration operates the National Archives building near the National Mall in Washington, DC and numerous satellite facilities across the country. In 1994, NARA opened a second facility in the Washington DC area at College Park Maryland. The National Archives at College Park, commonly known as Archives II, is the largest archival facility in the world. The complex holds the civilian and military records of the United States government from roughly the 1930s to the present. Notes:

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7:00 - 7:45 8:00 - 9:00

9:00 - 9:30 9:30 - 10:00 10:00 - 11:00

11:00 - 11:30 12:00 - 1:00 1:30 - 3:00

3:00 - 4:00 6:00 Notes:

Wednesday, June 20, 2012 Breakfast and Overview - West Hall Dining Hall Presentation: Planning and Preparing for Operations Neptune and Overlord by Dr. Sarandis ("Randy") Papadopoulos, Secretariat Historian, Department of the Navy - West Hall B213 Questions and answers - West Hall B213 Break Presentation: The Secret War: Intelligence and Deception in the Normandy Campaign by Professor Ray Batvinis, George Washington University - West Hall B213 Questions and Answers - West Hall B213 Lunch - West Hall Dining Hall Activity: High School Year Books reflection of life in America during the war, conducted by National WWII Museum History Coordinator Nathan Huegen Discussion of Institute and prepare for departure Dinner - West Hall Dining Hall - and pack

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8:00 - 9:00 9:15 - 10:45

11:30 - 11:45 12:00 - 1:00 1:00 - 5:00 5:00 - 5:30 8:00

Thursday, June 21, 2012 Breakfast and Overview - West Hall Dining Hall Presentation: Operation Overlord and the Normandy Campaign by Professor C. Thomas Long, George Washington University- Ames Hall B207 Check out of dorm and load bus Box Lunch on bus and travel to National Air and Space Museum Udvar-Hazy. Visit Air and Space Museum Branch for a tour of U.S. Military Aviation from 1908 to 2012 conducted by Michael Kern. Travel by bus to Dulles International Airport Board Icelandic Air Flight F1644 to Reykjavik (arrive 6:20 am) and then to Paris (depart Reykjavik 7:00)

NOTES FOR THURSDAY SITES: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Stephen F. Udvar-Hazy Center: With over nine million visitors a year, the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) is the most popular museum in the world. Founded as the National Air Museum in 1946, NASM holds the largest collection of aircraft and spacecraft in the world. The Stephen F. Udvar-Hazy Center, opened in 2003, is located on the grounds of Washington Dulles International Airport. Hazy is the larger of NASMs two facilities and holds the museums larger artifacts, including the Enola Gay, a Concorde airliner, an SR-71 Blackbird spy plane, and the Space Shuttle Discovery. Washington Dulles International Airport: Washington Dulles International Airport is one of the largest and busiest airports in the United States. On an average day, over 60,000 passengers depart for more than 125 destinations worldwide. Opened in 1962, the airport was named after John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State for President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Notes:

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1:00 pm 2:00 5:00 6:00 - 6:45 7:00

Friday, June 22, 2012 Arrive Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris (note arrival is Paris time, which is 6 hours ahead of Eastern Daylight Time) Travel by bus from Charles de Gaulle to Normandy, having bag lunches en route (that's French) Arrive in Bayeux, Normandy and check in to Hotel Novotel, Bayeux Meet at the hotel to discuss and plan Dinner at Brasserie de l'Europe, 2 Rue St. Malo, Bayeux

NOTES FOR FRIDAY SITES: Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport: Built in 1966, Paris-Charles de Gaulle is the sixth busiest airport in the world and the largest airport in France. Over sixty million passengers traveled through the airport in 2011. The airport is named after Charles de Gaulle, who served as the head of the Free French forces which fought alongside the Allies during WWII. De Gaulle served as president of the Provisional Government of France from 1944-1946 and president of France from 1959 to 1969. Bayeux: Bayeux is a town of about 13,000 people located in Normandy. The town has a rich history which traces its roots back to the 1st Century BCE Roman settlement of Augustodurum. Bayeux has the distinction of being involved in two cross-channel invasions being the place from which William the Conqueror launched his invasion of England in 1066. During the battle for Normandy, Bayeux was in the British sector of Normandy, close to the dividing line between the American and British forces. The town was liberated by British troops of 50th Northumbrian Division on June 7 and became the provisional capitol of liberated France on June 14. Notes:

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Saturday, June 23, 2012 7:00 - 8:00 8:00 - 8:45 8:45 - 12:00 Breakfast Travel by bus to Pegasus Bridge, Bnouville Visit Pegasus Bridge, site of the first Allied landing on D-Day made by elements of the British 6th Airborne Division, led by Major John Howard. Then visit the Pegasus Bridge Museum. Briefing on the Airborne Mission on D-Day by Tiffany Shumack Lunch at Caf at Pegasus Bridge - Lunch at Caf Gondre (aka, Pegasus Bridge Caf; (12 Avenue Commandant Kieffer, 14970 Benouville, France ((0)2 31 44 62 25 )). Discuss the situation of the local residents. See images at http://theairbornesoldier.com/cafegondree.html. Travel to Ouistreham Visit the Museum of the Atlantic Wall - Grand Bunker for a reconstituted example of the German fortifications along the Normandy coast. This facility was the nerve center that controlled enemy artillery at the eastern end of the Overlord beaches. (http://www.musee-grandbunker.com/englishversion.asp) Briefing on the Medical Service in Normandy by Joseph Landoni Travel to Arromanches, site of British Mulberry, passing through Perierssur-le-Dan (Marie Louise Osmont's home town, Chteau Priers)). Brief stop to discuss the Mulberry Harbors; site of the artificial harbor that was Churchill's idea (the Mulberry ruins are still visible) Discuss the logistical problems of Operation Overlord. The Allied armies consumed 172 million gallons of fuel between D-Day and the German surrender. Briefing on African-American Soldiers and Logistics in Normandy by Erick Chavez Travel to German Battery at Longues sur Mer. Visit German Battery at Longues sur Mer (German strongpoint with two guns still in place overlooking Omaha, Gold, and Juno Beaches). Travel to Bayeux Museum of the Battle of Normandy Briefing on the Parachute Drop (Airborne Invasion) by Brandon Gunn Visit Museum of the Battle of Normandy in Bayeux (watch film and explore the Museum) Return to the Hotel Discussion at the Hotel Dinner in Bayeux in groups

12: 00

1:00 - 1:30 1:30 - 2:30

2:30 - 3:15 3:15 - 3:30

3:30 - 3:45 3:45 - 4:30 4:30 - 4:45

4:45 - 6:30 6:30 - 6:45 7:00 - 7:30 7:30 - 8:30

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NOTES FOR SATURDAY SITES: Pegasus Bridge: Pegasus Bridge spans the Caen Canal in the village of Bnouville, on the eastern flank of the invasion area. The bridge, along with another codenamed Horsa, was captured in the early morning hours of D-Day by British glider troops commanded by Major John Howard. The glider troops, reinforced by a battalion of paratroopers, fought off determined German attacks all morning before being relieved in the early afternoon. By holding their ground at Pegasus Bridge, Howards men were able to block German reinforcements from reaching the Sword Beach to disrupt the landings. Le Muse du Pegasus Bridge: The Pegasus Bridge museum tells the story of the British 6th Airborne Divisions D-Day assault, particularly the attack and defense of Pegasus Bridge. The museum features a number of artifacts, including the original Pegasus Bridge and a reproduction Horsa glider similar to those used in the assault. Le Grand Bunker Muse du Mur de lAtlantique: The Atlantic Wall Museum is located inside the bunker which commanded all of the German artillery batteries defending the mouth of the Orne River. The bunker is located at Ouistreham, which was one of the towns along Sword Beach on D-Day. The garrison surrendered on June 7, after Canadian engineers used explosives to destroy the armored-plated metal door on the ground floor of the bunker. Mulberry B Ruins: Mulberry B was one of two artificial harbors built by the Allies at Normandy to help them bring reinforcements, equipment, and supplies to the beaches. Two harbors were built; the American Mulberry A was built at Omaha, while Mulberry B for the British and Canadian troops was completed at Gold Beach, near Arromanches. Mulberry A was wrecked in a storm from June 19-22, but Mulberry B survived. Codenamed Golden Arrow, Mulberry B was affectionately known as Port Winston, after Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Priers-sur-le-Dan: This village of about 500 people is located in the British sector of Normandy, near Sword Beach. Marie Louise Osmont lived here in 1944. Longues-sur-mer Battery: This German artillery battery formed part of the Atlantic Wall protecting the French coast from Allied invasion. Located near Gold Beach at the village of Longue-sur-mer, the battery (which the Germans called WN48) consisted of four 15cm naval guns. The battery was bombarded by the U.S. Army Air Force on June 5, with no effect. WN48 traded fire with several Allied ships on D-Day, during which three of its guns were disabled. British soldiers captured the battery on the evening of June 6. Battle of Normandy Memorial Museum: This museum provides an overview of the entire campaign in Normandy, rather than focusing on a particular battle or theme. The museum tells the story of the campaign through numerous artifacts including weapons, vehicles, and uniforms. Notes:

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Saturday Route: Bayeux - Pegasus Bridge - Muse of the Atlantic Wall - Marie Louise Osmont's Town - Arromanches (Mulberry B) - Longues-sur-Mer - Bayeux

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The Normandy Theater

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Normandy Campaign - Operations June 6 - 12, 1944 (from West Point Atlas)

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The British Assault - Pegasus Bridge to Bayeux (from Messenger, D-Day Atlas)

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German Defensive Gun Positions in Normandy

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Mulberry Harbor B - Arromanches

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Sunday, June 24, 2012 7:00 - 8:00 8:45 - 10:00 Breakfast at hotel Visit site of 82nd Airborne landings and first town in France to be liberated; Note the monument on the cathedral. This was the intended drop zone for the 505th Parachute Regiment, and the actual landing site for some members of Easy Company, 506th Airborne, as portrayed in Band of Brothers. Briefing on the Capture of Ste. Mere glise by Kalie Indest Visit Muse Airborne. Briefing on the 377th Para Field Artillery in Normandy by Jason Lewis Travel to Ste-Mre-glise Travel to La Fire Bridge. Visit "Iron Mike" Monument to Airborne Troops of D-Day and the Tablet outlining the Battle of La Fire Bridge. Briefing on the Capture of Cherbourg by Lacy Mryman Travel to Start Line for Operation Cobra on the Perriers - St. Lo Road (D89 just north of D900); brief stop where General Leslie J. McNair and were killed by bombs on 25 July 1944. Box lunch on bus. Briefing on Operation Cobra by Taylor Brownslow Travel to bocage site Walk down lane and observe area of hedgerows where the 30th Infantry fought. Briefing on Fighting in the Bocage by Jake Eden Travel to site of Battle of Villers-Bocage Brief stop at site of Michael Wittman's 13 June counter-attack on Hill 213, stopping the 4th County of London Yeomanry (the Sharpshooters) who were leading British 7th Armored Division (the "Desert Rats" who had opposed Rommel in North Africa) in the attack toward Caen. The German forces destroyed at least 20 Cromwell Tanks, 4 Fireflies, 3 light tanks, 3 scout cars and a half-track. Travel to German Cemetery at La Cambe Visit German Cemetery at La Cambe, including the grave of Michael Wittman, killed in Operation Totalize on 8 August, probably by Canadian tankers from the Sherbrooke Fusiliers Regiment. Travel to Pointe du Hoc Visit Pointe du Hoc - scene of the Rangers' attack on German strong point overlooking the beaches and the road to the important port of Cherbourg and the Rangers' Memorial. Briefing on Linking the Beaches by Phalguni Vetirchelvan Return to hotel in Bayeux

8:00 - 8:45 10:00 - 10:15 10:15 - 11:00

11:00 - 12:00

12:00 - 12:15 12:15 - 1:00

1:00 - 1:45 1:45 - 2:15

2:15 - 3:15 3:15 - 4:00

4:00 - 4:20 4:20 - 6:30

6:30 - 7:00

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7:15 - 7:30 7:30 - 9:00

Discuss the day's events and plans for tomorrow Evening free in Bayeux (dinner in groups)

NOTES FOR SUNDAY SITES: Sainte-Mre-glise: The town of Sainte-Mre-glise is located west of Utah Beach; the Band of Brothers landed in the fields just north of town on D-Day. On D-Day morning, members of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment fought to capture and defend the town. Sergeant John Steele, his parachute hung up on the church steeple, watched helplessly as Company F was slaughtered by German soldiers as they landed. By early morning the 505th had captured the town and dug in to defend it from German soldiers to the north, south, and west. German soldiers and tanks launched fierce attacks against the towns defenders for several days after D-Day, but the paratroopers held the town, blocking the Germans from reaching Utah Beach. Le Muse Airborne: The Airborne museum is located in Sainte-Mre-glise and was founded in 1962. The first stone was placed by General James Gavin, who commanded the paratroopers who liberated the town on D-Day. The museums collection includes a number of artifacts relating to paratroopers on D-Day, including a Douglas C-47 transport plane, a Waco CG-4A glider, and an M1 75mm pack howitzer. La Fire Bridge: La Fire is a tiny hamlet located west of Sainte-Mre-glise, at one of the three places where the Merderet River was spanned by a bridge. A company of paratroopers under the command of 1st Lt. John Dolan was tasked with capturing the western end of the bridge. The paratroopers were pushed back to the eastern end of the causeway near La Fire by attacks from German soldiers and tanks on the morning of June 6. After receiving a message from a subordinate asking for permission to retreat, Dolan took a pencil out of his pocket and wrote if weve got to die, I dont know a better spot than this. Despite overwhelming odds, the paratroopers held on until help arrived later in the day. The Americans would not capture the western end of the causeway until June 9. Operation Cobra Start Line: Operation Cobra was the successful American breakout from Normandy, launched on July 25. The operation was launched from the Periers-Saint L road and involved eleven divisions of troops. The operation was preceded by a massive aerial bombardment. (First was a strike by 350 fighter-bombers (called "Jabos" by the Germans), followed by carpet-bombing by 1,800 heavy bombers of the Eighth Air Force, then another Jabo attack, and concluded by 400 medium bombers of the Ninth Air Force.) Weather prevented the attack from going forward on 24 July. Because of the weather, 25 men were killed and 131 wounded when bombs fell short. On 25 July, it happened again, when 70 bombers dropped their bombs on American troops, killing 101 and wounding 463. General Leslie McNair had gone to watch the jump off from the headquarters of the 2d Bn, 120th Infantry Regiment of the 30th Infantry Division, which had pulled back 1,200 yards from the start line as a precaution. Even so, a bomb fell directly into the General's foxhole killing him immediately. He was the highest ranking officer killed in the Campaign. Despite the inauspicious start, the attackers quickly broke through the German lines and encircled thousands of Germans troops. The fields around the road are also excellent examples of the bocage terrain of Normandy, which made life difficult for American soldiers in the weeks following D-Day. Villers Bocage: West of the city of Caen, the village of Villers Bocage was the place where the British attempt to swiftly capture Caen ground to a halt. The British 22nd Armoured Brigade launched an attack through the town on June 13, in an attempt to punch through the
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weak German defenses around the town. SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Michael Wittmann led his company of Tiger tanks in a surprise ambush of the British troops in the town, and was personally responsible for the destruction of many of the approximately two dozen British tanks destroyed that day. The British troops retreated after the battle and the fighting around Caen became a deadly war of attrition. Villers Bocage was not liberated by British troops until August 4. La Cambe German War Cemetery: Administered by the German War Graves Commission, the cemetery contains the graves of 21,222 German soldiers, sailors, and airmen. La Cambe is one of six German cemeteries in Normandy. The cemetery provides a strong contrast to the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, in that many of the German soldiers do not have individual graves. Possibly the most well-known person buried in the cemetery is SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Michael Wittmann, a tank ace who had destroyed over 100 tanks by the time of his death. Pointe du Hoc: In 1944, Pointe du Hoc housed a German artillery battery which could bombard both Omaha Beach and Utah Beach. The Germans believed that the 100 foot cliffs facing the ocean could not be scaled, so they built most of their defenses facing the land. On DDay, three companies of men from the 2nd Ranger Battalion climbed the cliffs using ropes, ladders, and their bare hands, all while being shot at by the German defenders. The Rangers captured the bunkers but found them empty; the guns which were supposed to be there were found in an apple orchard behind the pointe. Their mission successful, the Rangers held out for two days against German attacks with the help of naval gunfire support. Notes:

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Route for Sunday (1) Bayeux -Ste.-Mre glise - La Fire Bridge - Cobra Start Line (St. Lo - Perriers Road) - Bocage Country

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Route for Sunday (2) St Lo- Villers-Bocage - Bayeux

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Route for Sunday (3) Bayeux - German Cemetery (La Cambe) - Pointe du Hoc - Bayeux

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Airborne Assault Plan (from Harrison, US Army in World War II, Cross Channel Attack, Center of Military History)

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82nd Airborne Operations between Ste. Mere-Eglise and La Fire, D-Day (from Ruppenthal, Utah Beach to Cherbourg, Center of Military History)

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101st Airborne Operations on D-Day (from Ruppenthal, Utah Beach to Cherbourg)

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Taking the Cotentin Peninsula and Cherbourg (West Point)

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Operation Cobra Planning (Note Carpet Bombing Box)

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Operation Cobra (West Point)

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Fighting in the Bocage near St. Lo

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British Attack at Villers-Bocage - and Wittman's Counter-Attack

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Michael Wittman and His Tiger Tank at Villers-Bocage

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Omaha Beach Objectives (from War Department (CMH) Omaha Beachhead) Note location of Pointe du Hoc, Pointe de la Perce, and the landing beaches

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Planned Attack on Pointe du Hoc (from West Point) Note that the landings all occurred on the southern (right) side.

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Monday, June 25, 2012 7:00 - 8:00 8:00 - 8:45 8:45 - 10:30 Breakfast Travel to Utah Beach landing site. Visit landing beach and Utah Beach Memorial (New Museum?). Briefing on the Utah Beach Landings by Richard Otis Visit US Navy Memorial and 1st Engineer Special Brigade Monument. Briefing on The Channel Crossing by Samantha Fletcher 10:30- 11:15 Travel to Vierville Draw on Omaha Beach 11:15- 12:45 Visit Omaha Beach, Vierville Draw and Dog Green Beach - discuss the operations of the 1st and 29th Infantry Divisions (focus of The Bedford Boys). Vierville Draw look at the terrain and the situation, our troops never did succeed in controlling the gap on D-Day. The fire was too intensive and the fortifications had not been damaged by the bombing. Discuss 1st ID as elite, experienced unit and 29th Infantry, former National Guard everyday folks. Opposed by 352nd Infantry of Germans did not know they were there. Actions of Col/Gen Cota in promoting NCOs to officers to fill ranks of leaders. Briefing on Combat Leadership by Michael Shimek 12:45 Lunch at Vierville 1:30 - 2:00 Travel to Bayeux 2:00 - 5:00 Visit Bayeux Tapestry Museum (Optional, open until 6:15pm) and free time in Bayeux 5:30 - 6:30 Meet to discuss day's events and plans for tomorrow 7:00 - 8:30 Dinner in groups in Bayeux NOTES FOR MONDAY SITES: Utah Beach Uncle Red Sector: Utah Beach was the westernmost of the five Allied invasion beaches during D-Day. The landings made by the 4th Infantry Division were remarkably successful, even though the troops landed about a mile south of their intended landing beach. When General Teddy Roosevelt, Jr. of the 4th Division realized that his troops had landed in the wrong place, he decided that well start the war from here! Uncle Red beach is the home of Zero Mile Marker, the U.S. Navy Memorial, and the 1st Engineer Special Brigade Memorial. Omaha Beach Dog Green Sector: Dog Green sector had the most casualties of any landing beach on D-Day. Assaulted by the Bedford Boys and other troops from the 29th Infantry Division, the attack quickly became a disaster. Eventually Army Rangers successfully scaled the cliffs east and west of Dog Green and attacked the German defenses from the flanks. The men on the beach were rallied by the personal bravery of leaders like Brig. Gen. Norman Cota and Colonel Charles Canham and fought their way off the beach. Still, at sunset on D-Day the Americans did not have full control over the Vierville Draw, which the Army had expected to capture within an hour. The Bayeux Tapestry: The Bayeux Tapestry is a 230 foot long embroidered cloth which was commissioned by Bishop Odo, William the Conquerors half-brother, following Williams crosschannel invasion of England in 1066. The tapestry tells the story of the invasion visually,
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through thousands of embroidered figures. The tapestry graced the cover of the July 15, 1944 edition of the New Yorker, the issue dedicated to the invasion of Normandy. The Bayeux Tapestry is one of only 245 items on the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) Memory of the World registry of protected artifacts. Notes:

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Route for Monday Utah Beach - Vierville Draw - Bayeux

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Utah Beach on D-Day (West Point Map)

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8th Infantry Landing Plan (West Point)

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Omaha Beach - Terrain and Beach Exits (West Point, US Army Image)

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Omaha Beach First Wave Landing Plan (West Point)

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Landing Schedule for Attack on Omaha Beach (U.S. Army)

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The Bluffs from Vierville Draw Area (Professor Long)

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German Defenses (US Army)

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More Defenses (Robert Capa, Life Magazine & West Point)

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7:00 - 8:30 8:30 - 9:00 9:00 - 10:00 10:00-10:30 10:30-12:00

12:00-3:00 3:00 - 6:00 6:00 7:00

Tuesday, June 26, 2012 Breakfast, pack bus, and check out of hotel Travel to Omaha Beach Cemetery [25.8 km., 25 min; Route: N13 D517 D514] Visit the Normandy American Cemetery Visitor Center and Museum Briefing on Notifying the Families by Jenna Stone Travel to 1st Infantry Division (Just north of the Cemetery, about 1,500 feet from entrance to Cemetery Visit the 1st Infantry Division Monument and Widerstandsnester 62, St. Laurent sur Mer, commemorating the division's 627 killed between 6 June and 24 July, 1944. Box lunch at the monument. Briefing on the American Citizen Soldier by Ethan Webster Proceed down to the beach at the Colleville Draw segment of Omaha Beach and proceed west along the beach and take the path up to the Cemetery - retracing the steps of the men from the beach. Visit Graves and present eulogies Travel to Paris [287 km 3 hours 4 minutes; Route: A13] Check into Novotel Hotel Tour Eiffel (61 Quai de Grenelle, Paris, 75015 France) Dinner in Paris and evening free

NOTES FOR TUESDAY SITES: Omaha Beach Easy Red Sector: Easy Red sector, close to the eastern end of Omaha Beach, was assaulted by elements of the 1st Infantry Division on D-Day. Troops coming ashore at Easy Red suffered heavy casualties and were pinned down by the German fire. As at other sectors of Omaha, the survivors were rallied and led off of the beach through the personal example of leaders like Colonel George Taylor and Lieutenant John Spalding. Today, Easy Red has the remains of German strongpoint WN62, the 1st Division Memorial, and the 5th Engineer Special Brigade Memorial. A path leads from the beach to the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, following the path taken by Lt. Spaldings troops as they advanced off the beach. Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial: Administered by the American Battle Monuments Commission, the cemetery contains the graves of 9,387 American servicemen and women killed during WWII. The Walls of the Missing at the cemetery list another 1,557 servicemen whose remains were not recovered. The cemetery features a reflecting pool and a memorial statue, The Spirit of American Youth Rising from the Waves. Inscribed around the base of the memorial is the first line of the Civil War patriotic song The Battle Hymn of the Republic: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. The graves all face west towards home. Paris: Paris is the capitol of France and one of the leading cultural and business centers of the world. With over 12 million inhabitants, the City of Light is also one of the most populous. Pariss most iconic feature is the Eiffel Tower, which was the largest manmade structure in the world when it was built for the 1889 Worlds Fair. After the victory in Normandy, Hitler ordered General Dietrich von Choltitz to destroy Paris and defend it to the last man. On August 19,
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French soldiers from General Philippe Leclercs 2nd Armored Division became the first Allied soldiers to reach the city. Instead of a Stalingrad-like defense, the Paris garrison surrendered on August 25, after only sporadic fighting. Notes:

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Attacks from Omaha - Les Moulins - Colleville Sector (Omaha Beachhead) Note movement by E Company of the 16th Infantry

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Omaha Beach to the American Battle Monuments Cemetery (from Google Maps)

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To Paris and Beyond (Bradford, Atlas of American Military History)

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Wednesday, June 27, 2012 7:30 - 8:30 Morning Breakfast Morning free to visit Paris sights in groups (visit some of Les Invalides Napoleon's Tomb and French Military History Museum, Arc d'Triomphe, Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, Muse d'Orsay, Cathedral of Notre Dame and Sainte Chapelle) Return to hotel and dress for reception and dinner Travel to Residence of U.S. Ambassador to France for reception (41 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor, known as the Htel de Pontalba) Final Dinner at La Cercle de l'Union Interallie, No. 33 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honor (Same dress code as the Opening Dinner) Return to Hotel and prepare to depart

2:00 2:30 6:30 9:00

NOTES FOR WEDNESDAY SITES: Htel de Pontalba: This mansion has served as the residence of the U.S. ambassador to France since 1971. The building housed German officers during WWII before being purchased by the U.S. government in 1948. The Embassy of the United States in Paris is the oldest American diplomatic mission; Benjamin Franklin became the first ambassador in 1778. Cercle de lUnion interallie: The Cercle interallie is a social club founded in 1917 to promote the cause of friendship among the Allied nations of WWI. The mansion is frequently used for conferences by organizations like the World Trade Organization and the Bank of England. The building adjoins the embassies of the United Kingdom and Japan.

7:30 - 8:30 10:00 afternoon

7:00 pm

Thursday, June 28, 2012 Breakfast, pack bus, and depart for airport Depart by bus for Charles de Gaulle Airport Check baggage and check in for Icelandic Air Lines flight F1543 (depart 1415) for Reykjavik (arr 1545 GMT) and travel on to Dulles (F1645 leaving 1650 GMT) Arrive Washington Dulles International Airport

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Bibliography and Acknowledgements Maps and images drawn from the following sources, as indicated, and the West Point History Department map collection. Professional Readings for the Institute Ambrose, Stephen E. Band of Brothers: E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. (Focus on Chapters 1-7) Beevor, Antony. D-Day: The Battle for Normandy. New York: Penguin Books, 2009. Eisenhower, Dwight D. Crusade in Europe. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948. (Focus on Chapters 11-16) Kershaw, Alex. The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-Day Sacrifice. 1st Da Capo Press ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2003. Osmont, Marie-Louise b. The Normandy Diary of Marie-Louise Osmont: 1940-1944. New York, N.Y.: Random House/The Discovery Channel Press, 1994. Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of World War II. New York: Harper, 1980. Terkel, Studs. "The Good War": An Oral History of World War Two. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. Additional Readings for the Institute Ambrose, Stephen E. Eisenhower, the Intelligence Community, and the D-Day Invasion. The Wisconsin Magazine of History (Summer 1981), 261-277. Hemingway, Ernest. Voyage to Victory: An Eyewitness Report of the Battle for a Normandy Beachhead. New York: Colliers, 1944. Thaddeus Holt. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. New York: Scribners, 2004. (Optional reading) Lord Moran (Charles M. Wilson). The Anatomy of Courage: The Classic Account of the Psychological Effects of War. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2007. Mauldin, Bill. Up Front. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. Pyle, Ernie. Brave Men. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. Other Useful Sources on the Normandy Campaign General World War II Sources: Bryant, Sir Arthur. The Turn of the Tide. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1957. Esposito, Brigadier General Vincent J. A Concise History of World War Ii. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964. Gilbert, Martin. The Second World War, a Complete History. First Owl Book Revised ed. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1989. Griess, Thomas E. Buell Thomas B. Bradley John H. The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean, The West Point Military History Series. [Garden City Park, NY]: Square One Publishers, 2002. Hastings, Max. Inferno: The World at War, 1939-45. 1st. U.S. ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. Keegan, John. The Second World War. New York: Penguin Group, 1990. Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. 2nd ed. Cambridge: New York, 2005.
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Ldeke, Alexander. Weapons of World War Ii: Infantry Weapons, Unarmored Vehicles, Armored Vehicles, Artillery, Special Weapons, Aircraft, Ships. Bath, UK: New York, 2007. Minear, Richard H. , Theodore Geisel Seuss, and Art. Spiegelman. Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel. New York: New Press, 1999. Mauldin, Bill. Up Front. Reissued ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2000. Murray, Williamson , and Allan Reed Millett. A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2000. Overy, R. J. Why the Allies Won. 1st American ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995. Stokesbury, James L. A Short History of World War II. New York: Morrow, 1980. Parker, Robert Alexander Clarke. The Second World War: A Short History. New York: Oxford, 1997. Atlases Bradford, James C. Atlas of American Military History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Griess, Thomas E. Atlas for the Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean, The West Point Military History Series;. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2002. Griess, Thomas E. Atlas for the Second World War: Asia and the Pacific, The West Point Military History Series;. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2002. Messenger, Charles. The D-Day Atlas: Anatomy of the Normandy Campaign. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 2004. Swanston, Alexander Swanston Malcolm. "The Historical Atlas of World War Ii." 1 atlas. New York: Chartwll, 2010. Additional Normandy Campaign Sources: Alexander, Mark , and John Sparry. Jump Commander: In Combat with the 82nd Airborne in World War II. Philadelphia, Pa.: Newbury, 2010. Ambrose, Stephen E. Citizen Soldiers: The U.S. Army from the Normandy Beaches to the Bulge to the Surrender of Germany, June 7, 1944-May 7, 1945. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1997. Ambrose, Stephen E. D-Day, June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Ambrose, Stephen E. Pegasus Bridge: June 6, 1944. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. Balkoski, Joseph. Omaha Beach: D-Day, June 6, 1944: Stackpole Books, 2004. Balkoski, Joseph. Utah Beach: The Amphibious Landing and Airborne Operations on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. Balkoski, Joseph. Beyond the Beachhead: The 29th Infantry Division in Normandy. 3d ed, Stackpole Military History Series. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2005. Barbier, Mary. D-Day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion. Mechanicsburg, Pa. : Stackpole: Lancaster, 2009. Blumenson, Martin. Breakout and Pursuit, United States Army in World War Ii: The European Theater of Operations; Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, Dept. of the Army, 1961. Blumenson, Martin. The Battle of the Generals: The Untold Story of the Falaise Pocket: The Campaign That Should Have Won World War II. New York: Morrow, 1993.
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Bradley, Omar Nelson. A Soldier's Story. New York: Holt, 1951. Buckingham, William F. D-Day: The First 72 Hours. Stroud: Tempus, 2004. Caddick-Adams, Peter. Monty and Rommel: Parallel Lives. New York, NY: The Overlook Press, 2012. Carafano, James Jay. After D-Day: Operation Cobra & the Normandy Breakout. Mechanicsburg, Pa. : Stackpole: Enfield, 2008. Coakley, Robert W. , and Richard M. Leighton. Global Logistics and Strategy: 1943-1945, United States Army in World War II : The War Department. Washington: Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army, 1968. Cobb, Matthew. The Resistance: The French Fight against the Nazis. London: Simon & Schuster, 2009. Copp, J. T. Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy, The 1998 Joanne Goodman Lectures; Variation: Joanne Goodman Lectures ;; 1998. University of Toronto Press: Toronto, 2003. Darlow, Stephen. D-Day Bombers: The Stories of Allied Heavy Bombers During the Invasion of Normandy, The Stackpole Military History Series; Variation: Stackpole Military History Series. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2010. D'Este, Carlo. Decision in Normandy: The Real Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign. London: Penguin, 2004. Department, Historical Division War. Omaha Beachhead (6 June-13 June 1944), American Forces in Action Series; CMH Pub. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army 1945. Reprint, 2001. Gilbert, Martin. D-Day, Turning Points in History. Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley: Chichester, 2008. Guderian, Heinz Gnther, and David C. Isby. Fighting in Normandy: The German Army from DDay to Villers-Bocage: London, 2001. Harrison, Gordon A. Cross-Channel Attack, United States Army in World War II. The European Theater of Operations; CMH Pub. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1993. Hart, R. Clash of Arms: How the Allies Won in Normandy, The Art of War; Variation: The Art of War. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2001. Hesketh, Roger Fleetwood. Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 2000. Holt, Thaddeus. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. New York: Scribner, 2004. Holt, Thaddeus. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. New York: Scribner, 2004. Howard, Michael. British Intelligence in the Second World War, History of the Second World War; Variation: History of the Second World War. London: H.M.S.O., 1990. Jackson, Julian. France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. (excellent discussion of the resistance movements) Jordan, Jonathan W. Brothers, Rivals, Victors: Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and the Partnership That Drove the Allied Conquest in Europe. New York: NAL Caliber/New American Library, 2011. Keegan, John. Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris. New York: Penguin Books, 1982. Lewis, Jon E. D-Day as They Saw It. Revd. ed. London: Robinson, 2004.
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Marshall, S. L. A. , Carl Sandburg, and H. Garver Miller. Night Drop: The American Airborne Invasion of Normandy. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962. Morgan, Frederick. Overture to Overlord. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1950. Morgan, Frederick. Peace and War: A Soldier's Llife. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1961. Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Invasion of France and Germany, 1944 - 1945. XV vols. Vol. XI, History of United States Naval Operations in World War Ii. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1957. Reprint, 2001. Murphy, Robert M. No Better Place to Die: Ste-Mre Eglise, June 1944: The Battle for La Fire Bridge. Philadelphia, Pa.: Casemate, 2009. Patton, George S. , and Martin Blumenson. The Patton Papers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. Pogue, Forrest C. George C. Marshall. New York: Viking Press, 1963. Prados, John. Normandy Crucible: The Decisive Battle That Shaped World War Ii in Europe. New York, N.Y.: NAL Caliber, 2011. Reid, B. A. No Holding Back: Operation Totalize, Normandy, August 1944, Stackpole Military History Series;. Mechanicsburg, PA.: Stackpole Books, 2009. Ruppenthal, Logistical Support of the Armies, May 1941 September 1944 (from the U.S. Army in World War II series) Ruppenthal, Major Roland G. Utah Beach to Cherbourg (6 June - 27 June 1944), CMH Pub. Washington, D.C.: Historical Division (Center of Military History), Dept. of the Army 1984. Reprint, 1989. Ryan, Cornelius. The Longest Day: June 6, 1944. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1959. B.B. Schofield, VADM(RN). Operation Neptune: The inside Story of Naval Operations for the Normandy Landing 1944. Barnsley, So. Yorkshire: Pen & Sword, 1974. Reprint, 2008. Stafford, David. Ten Days to D-Day: Citizens and Soldiers on the Eve of the Invasion. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Little Brown, 2004. Stanford, Alfred. Force Mulberry: The Planning and Installation of the Artificial Harbor Off U.S. Normandy Beaches in World War Ii. New York: Morrow, 1951. Tout, Ken. The Bloody Battle for Tilly: Normandy, 1944. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub., 2000. U.S. Army, Center of Military History. Small Unit Actions: France: 2d Ranger Battalion at Pointe Du Hoe, Saipan: 27th Division on Tanapag Plain, Italy: 351st Infantry at Santa Maria Infante, France: 4th Armored Division at Singling, Cmh Pub: Center of Military History, U.S. Army : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1986. Waddell, Steve R. United States Army Logistics: The Normandy Campaign, 1944, Contributions in Military Studies,; No. 155; Variation: Contributions in Military Studies ;; No. 155. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994. Wieviorka, Olivier. Normandy: The Landings to the Liberation of Paris. Translated by M.B. DeBevoise: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008. Young, Desmond. Rommel, the Desert Fox. New York: Harper, 1951. Yung, Christopher D. Gators of Neptune: Naval Amphibious Planning for the Normandy Invasion. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2006.

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