EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

V dd
University of California Berkeley
College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

MOA-1
M4 21 I2 M9 2 1 M 10 2 1 M 11 2 1 IR E F M2 10 1 RC

I1

M3 21 M5 21 VG6

M6 21 M8 21

Robert W. Brodersen
EECS140

OUT

Telescopic - OP AMP Circuit 1 (Poor Bias Strategy)

Fall,2002

Analog Circuit Design

M7 21 1 M1 10 1 V id ----2

V G8 V id ----2

More on Op Amps TELESCOPIC and FOLDED CASCODE

+ 2 M 13 41 Vdd V dd
LECTURE 22

+ V ic

+ ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

M12 2 1

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

Circuit 1 : Telecopic OP AMP with BAD Bias of cascode : The currents are balanced so that all transistors have,
I DS = I R E F

MOA-2

then,
VO U T = VDD 2 V To 2 V D S A T = V G6 (if = 0 )

MOA-3

The gate of M8 is also at,

VDD 2 V To 2 V D S A T

due to its connection to M11, so,

VOUT = V G6 = VG 8

except for M13 which has,

I DS13 = 2 I REF

The swing in the positive direction will be,

VO U T ,M A X
+

Since,
I 1 = I 2 = I REf

= V G6 + V T

But since,
VOUT = V G6

then,
VGS3 = V GS4 = V GS9

(all W/Ls are equal also)

This also implies that,

VDS4 = V DS3

this means the swing is only 1 V T in the positive direction. In the negative direction,
VO U T,M I N
--

similarily,
VDS5 = V DS6

= V G8 V T

but since,
VOUT = V G8

So if the input has,

Vi d = 0
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

the swing is only V T again.

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

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EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

MOA-4 Thus the total swing is only 2VT ... not too good. In the positive direction we could use a high swing configuration as was described for the cascoded current source. On the low side we can use a better circuit. Circuit 2 : Telescopic with a cascode bias that gives a better swing in the negative direction. Maximum voltage in the positive direction is given by M6 going linear when,
VO U T ,M A X VO U T,M I N
+

Vdd = 5V M3 21 d3 M5 21 I REF ------2 M7 21 1 M1 10 1 VS M12 21 Vdd = 5 V

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 2

MOA-5

M4 21 d4 M6 2 1 d5 Ib d9 VA d1 M9 2 30 d12 d2 2 M2 10 1 RC I REF ------2 M8 21

OUT

Telescopic - OP AMP Circuit 2 (Better Bias)

I REF

> V DD V G S3 VD S A T 6 = V A V T8

Negative swing is limited by M8 going linear,

--

Set VA so that M1 & M2 are at the edge of saturation

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

M13 21 V DD
FALL,1998

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

V DD M3 VDD ( V T + V) M5 V DD 2 ( V T + V ) M7 M9 M1 M 12 VDD
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

Telescopic Op Amp
Max swing positive : M4 V D D 2 V VT

MOA-6

Telescopic Op Amp (Cont.)

MOA-7

V A = V S + V D S A T9 + VT 9 V DS2 = V D S A T2 for setting M2 at EOS

M6 g r 2 m o V DD 2 V V T M8 g m r o2 RC V D S A T9 = VD S A T 2 + V D S A T 8 M2 M13 V DD
LECTURE 2 FALL,1998 ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 2 FALL,1998

V DS2 = V A V T8 VD S A T8 V S = VS + VD S A T 9 + V T9 VT 8 V D S A T8 V S V DS2 = VD S A T9 V D S A T 8 = V D S A T2 for EOS

W = W --- -L --- L
8

W = W -- --- --- L L
1

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

MOA-8 This means that,

VA = V S + V D S A T2 + VT 8 + V DSAT 8

MOA-9 so,
W = I B W ---- --- - -L IS L 8 9
1/ 2

Since this will set,

VDS2 = V D S A T2

W + --- -- L 2

1/ 2

if,
W = 10 -- -L W = 2 -- -L
8

To calculate the (W/L)9 and IB to do this we set,

VDS , 9 = V A V S = V D S A T2 + VT 8 + V DSAT 8

I B = 0.79 A

I S = 10.5 A

since,
VDS , 9 = V T9 + VD S A T 9 VD S A T9 = ( VT 8 V T9 ) + VD S A T2 + V D S A T 8

then,

1 W ------ -L 15 9

If we say,
VT 8 V T9

Gain and R out

G M = g m1 (cascoding has no effect on g m ) R O U T = [ ( g m6 r o4 ) r o6 ] || [ ( g m8 r o2 ) r o8 ] g m6 g m 8 ( r o4 r o6 r o2 r o8 ) Ad = g m1 -------------------------------------------------------------g m6 r o4 r o6 + g m8 r o2 r o8
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

then
2I B ---------------------- W -- k 'n -L 9
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN 1/ 2

2 I DS = --------------2 k 'n

1 /2

1 ---------------/ 2 + 1 W --- - L 8
LECTURE 22

1 --------------- 1/2 W --- -L 2

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

2 I DS 1 1 g m6 r o4 r o6 = ------------- --------------- --------------- V D S A T6 p I DS p I DS 2 I DS 2 1 1 A d = ------------- ----- ----------------------2 || ----------------------2 V DSAT 1 I D S VD S A T6 p VD S A T 8 n 4 1 = ------------ --------------------------------------------------2 V D S A T1 V D S A T6 2 + V D S A T8 n p

MOA-10

DIFCAS2.SW0 V(VOUT) 4.50 4.250 4.0 3.750 3.50 3.250 3.0 2.750 2.50 2.250 2.0 1.750 1.50 1.250 1.0 750.0M 500.0M 250.0M 0. -250.0M -500.0M -20.0M
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

CASCODED DIFF PAIR - GATE VOLTAGE SWEEP 96 / 10 / 05 14:40:14

MOA-11

Gain = 3.5k

V O L T S L I N

To see the current dependence let,

g m = g m1 = g m6

and,
r o = r o4 = r o6 = r o2 = r o8 1 2 A d g m r 2 I D S ----o ----2 I DS I DS

Gain = 240k

Gain keeps increasing as we decrease the current.

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

-10.0M

VOLTS [LIN]

0.

10.0M

20.0M
FALL,1998

LECTURE 2

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE

MOA-13

FALL,1998

MOA-15

***** * re ading file: /bobtools/c ommercial/hspice/hspic e.ini * .model nch nmos leve l = 1 tox = 170 vto = 0.7 kp = 90.0e-6 lambda = 0.01 + gamma = 0.5 phi = 0.6 c apop = 0 cgso=5.e-10 cgdo=5.e-10 cgbo=4.e-10 cj=1e -4 .model pch pmos leve l = 1 tox = 170 vto = -0.7 kp = 30.0e-6 lambda = 0.01 + gamma = 0.5 phi = 0.6 c apop = 0 cgso=3.e-11 cgdo=3.e-11 cgbo=4.e-10 cj=6e -4 .option nopage post=2 nomod *name dra in gate source bulk model m1 d1 vi1 vs vs nc h l=1u w=10u m2 d2 vi2 vs vs nc h l=1u w=10u m3 d3 d3 vdd vdd pch l=1u w=2u m4 d4 d3 vdd vdd pch l=1u w=2u m5 d5 d5 d3 vdd pch l=1u w= 2u m6 vout d5 d4 vdd pch l=1u w=2u m7 d5 d9 d1 vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m8 vout d9 d2 vdd- nch l=30u w=2u m12 d12 d12 vdd- vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m13 vs d12 vdd- vdd- nch l=1u w=2u

FOLDED CASCODE - VID AND VIC SWEEPS 96 / 10 / 05 17:37:00

VOLTS [LIN] 0. 1.0M -2.0M -1.0M

2.0M FOLD.SW0 V(VOUT)

3.0M

***** diff pa ir - ga te voltage swe ep

rre f 0 d12 180k r9 d9 vdd 5x vic vic 0 0 vid1 vi1 vic 0.0 evid2 vic vi2 vi1 vic 1 vdd vdd 0 5.0 vdd- vdd- 0 -5.0 *other half of the vid input .dc vid1 -.02 .02 .00001 *.dc vid1 -5 5 .1 *.print dc v(out) *.print dc i(m1) * *.print dc 1v9(m1) 1v10(m1) 1x7(m1) .op .tf v(vout,0) vid1 *.measure tot_power avg power *make s it do the power ca lcula tion
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

*swe ep the input volta ge *sweep the input voltage * i is the ids of m1 * von=1v9 vdsat=1x9 gds=1x8 * plots gm=1x7 gmbs=1x9 gds=1x8 *initial ope rating point
EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURE 2

500.0M 0. -500.0M

4.0 3.50 3.0

2.50 2.0

1.50 1.0

-1.0 -1.50

-2.0 -2.50 -3.0

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

MOA-12

513.699U

FALL,1998

V O L T S

L I N

MOA-14

M4 Linear

400.0U

OUT

(W/L)9 = 1/30

M6 Linear

M8 Linear

CASCODED DIFF PAIR - GATE VOLTAGE SWEEP 96 / 10 / 05 15:50:49

200.0U

V dd

M4

M8

M 10

M6

M3

M5

0. VOLTS [LIN]

M7

M9

-3.50 -4.0

4.50

.e nd

Circuit 3 :

LECTURE 2

M2 Linear

I REF ------2

-200.0U

Folded Cascode

M13

V dd

M1

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

DIFCAS2.SW0 V(VOUT)

-400.0U

I REF ------2

Vdd M2
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

-547.94U

M 14

M 11

750.0M 500.0M 250.0M 0. -250.0M

4.250 4.0

3.750 3.50 3.250 3.0 2.750 2.50 2.250 2.0

1.750 1.50 1.250 1.0

R ref

M12

LECTURE 22

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

-4.50 -5.0 -3.0M

LECTURE 22

FALL,1998

V O L T S

L I N

FALL,1998

LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

There is some current splitting at the point of the folding. However when calculating GM the output (drain of M8) is grounded so R U P is about 1/gm with R DOWN being ro .

MOA-17

MOA-19

Upper and lower cascodes could be biased for high swing thus max swing could be within 2VDSAT of each rail.

W L = 1 2

M4

R D8

R DOWN

RUP

V dd

M8

Folded Cascode (Cont.)

W L = 1 2

M10

M8

M3

M5

M7

High Swing Folded Cascode

LECTURE 22

M9

M 10

M6

M15

RD O W N GM = g m -------------------------RUP + RD O W N

W L = 1 2

M2

M16

M 13

M1

Vdd

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

M 11

Vdd
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22 FALL,1998 ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

WL = 1 2

WL = 14

M 14

LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE

FALL,1998

MOA-16

MOA-18

.model pc h pmos level = 1 tox = 170 vto = -0.7 kp = 30.0e-6 lambda = 0.01 + gamma = 0.5 phi = 0.6 ca pop = 0 c gso= 3.e-11 c gdo=3.e-11 c gbo=4.e-10 cj=6e-4 .option nopage post=2 nomod *na me drain ga te source bulk model m1 d1 vi1 vs vs pch l=1u w=10u m2 d2 vi2 vs vs pch l=1u w=10u m3 d3 d3 vdd vdd pch l=1u w =2u m4 d4 d3 vdd vdd pch l=1u w =2u m5 d5 d5 d3 vdd pch l=1u w=2u m6 vout d5 d4 vdd pch l=1u w =2u m7 d5 d11 d1 vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m8 vout d11 d2 vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m9 d1 d12 vdd- vdd- nch l=1u w =2u m10 d2 d12 vdd- vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m11 d11 d11 d12 vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m12 d12 d12 vdd- vdd- nch l=1u w=2u m13 vs d14 vdd vdd pch l=1u w=2u m14 d14 d14 vdd vdd pch l=1u w=2u rref d11 d14 270k vic vic 0 0 vid1 vi1 vic 0.0 evid2 vic vi2 vi1 vdd vdd 0 5.0 vdd- vdd- 0 -5.0 vic 1 .dc vid1 -20m 20m .01m *.dc vid1 -.2 .2 10m *.print dc v(out) *.print dc i(m1) * *.print dc 1v9(m1) 1v10(m1) 1x7(m1) .op .tf v(vout,0) vid1 *.mea sure tot_power avg power .end

There is a loss in Rout as well since M10 must sink DC current from both M2 and M8, thus reducing its ro

***** * reading file : /bobtools/commercial/hspice/hspice .ini * .model nc h nmos level = 1 tox = 170 vto = 0.7 kp = 90.0e -6 la mbda = 0.01 + gamma = 0.5 phi = 0.6 ca pop = 0 c gso= 5.e-10 c gdo=5.e-10 c gbo=4.e-10 cj=1e-4

Folded Cascode (Cont.)

FOLDED CASCODE

CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

*ma kes it do the pow er calculation

R OUT

* i is the ids of m1 * von=1v9 vdsat= 1x9 gds=1x8 * plots gm=1x7 gmbs=1x9 gds=1x8 *initial operating point

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

*swe ep the input volta ge *swe ep the input volta ge

2,446K

*other half of the vid input

336K

1,486K

LECTURE 22

125K

same currents, same device size from examples

***** folded c ascode - vid and vic sweeps

LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE

R ref

M 12

LECTURE 2

FALL,1998

OUT

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON MOS DEVICE MODELS

High Swing Folded Cascode Circuit 4 :

V dd M 14
W L = 12

MOA-20
V dd
VD S A T , 4 = V VD D VT V

V = V D S A T 4 = V DSAT 3 2 V = V DSAT 9 = V D S A T10 M13 I REF M3

VD D V

FOLD2.SW0 V(VOUT)

FOLD.SW0 V(VOUT)

HIGH SWING FOLDED CASCODE - VID AND VIC SWEEPS 96 / 10 / 06 11:39:37

MOA-21

M4 IR E F ------2 M6
VD D VT 2 V

W L = 1 2

I REF Rref 1

M5

M1

M2 2 I REF ------2 M 15
VD D + VT + 2 2 V

OUT

High Swing Improvement

W L = 14

M7
WL = 12

M8

W L = 1 2

M 11 M12

V D D + 2V T + 3 2 V VD D + 2 V + V T

M9

VD D + 2 V

M 16

M10
V D S A T, 10 =

I REF
2 V
-2.0M -1.0M VOLTS [LIN] 0. 1.0M 2.0M
FALL,1998

V dd
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

LECTURE 2

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPIC AND FOLDED CASCODE

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE

MOA-22 Circuit 4 : M15-M16 perform level shift to bias M9 and M10 at the edge of linear. M7 and M8 have 1/2 sized W/L because the current is Iref/2. The connection to M5 from M14 sets the M3 at the edge of linear operation. The W/Ls are 1 unless otherwise shown. This is smaller than you would want to use, but this was done to show the ratioing that is required to place the output in high swing. The Gain and Rout calculations are the same as for circuit 3 and are carried out as described by DP-21 to DP-23.

High Swing Folded Cascode (Cont.)

r o8 + R D R O, U P = -----------------------------------------------1 + ( 1 + ) r o8 g m8 RD 0 1 1 R O, U P = ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------1 ( 1 + ) g m8 ----- + ( 1 + ) g m8 r o8 R D g m r o2 = 0

MOA-23

g m6 r o4 r o6 R O, U P -------------------------- r o r o8 g m 8 r o8 + g m6 r o4 r o6 R O, U P = -----------------------------------------------1 + ( 1 + ) r o8 g m8 ro R O U T S8 --, 3

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

LECTURE 22

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN

LECTURE 22

FALL,1998