Temperature Guide

Temperature
Guide
Book
With our knowledge

we engineer your
ambitions
Brand name of Doedijns International B.V.
INTRODUCTION
WELCOME TO DOEDIJNS INSTRUMENTATION

We are an innovative organisation and highly experienced specialists in temperature measuring solutions. Our company
forms part of the Doedijns International Group and in 2001 we were fortunate enough to acquire the Thermo Electric brand.
This acquisition added a wealth of knowledge in temperature measuring solutions to our portfolio. Today, we are at the
forefront of developing temperature sensing products and ancillary equipment. Our products continue to outperform in the
field, providing reliable solutions worldwide.
Spanning over 40 years of temperature sensing manufacturing, the original activities of Thermo Electric addressed a specific
market need: measuring exhaust gas temperatures from aeroplane engines. Today our company is proud to develop and
produce a complete range of temperature sensors, wires, cables and connectors for almost every application and market, all
around the world.
We manufacture products capable of withstanding corrosive chemicals, vibrations, extreme temperatures and high pressures, ranging from the absolute zero point (-273 C) to over 2,700 C. It is here where we are at our best. Our customers will
recognise familiar products they have come to rely upon over the years, whilst hopefully discovering some new applications.
(The full range of products is available to view on our website.)
Our business touches global markets, however we act locally. Our network of factories, sales and service centres span the
Netherlands, Great Britain, Belgium, United Arab Emirates and Malaysia. We have also had the fortunate pleasure of working on the most prestige engineering contracts, alongside some of the
largest organisations for many years. The successes we have experienced on these major projects can be attributed to our highly knowledgeable and experienced workforce. The Doedijns group has over 280 personnel strategically placed in major industrial areas. This global strategy
allows us to service our customers worldwide, providing the individual
temperature measuring solutions that are required in todays market.
Jan-Willem Noordermeer,
Managing Director, Doedijns Instrumentation
2
INTRODUCTION
ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING, TESTING

We have dedicated engineering, manufacturing and testing
facilities located in The Netherlands. Our Thermo Electric
branded temperature sensing products are supplied direct
from our headquarters to our customers, through Doedijns
Instrumentation sales and service centres across the globe.
High standards and efficient supply
Our central production and engineering facilities allow us to
maintain our high standards and best practice in engineering
and design. This expertise is reflected in the efficient supply
of Thermo Electric temperature sensors and in our consistent
achievement of quality in the field.
Services
Vortex stress calculations for
Thermowells
X-rays
Welding robot
Manufacturing record book
Quality inspection plan
Material certificate (NACE, 3,1)
Cleaning for oxygen service
Visual inspection
Dimensional check
Drawings for approval
WPS and PQR
Test facilities
Functional performance test
Loop resistant test
Insulation resistance test
Dye penetration test
Pressure test
Calibration test
From 200 C up to 1,250 C
(RvA/ILAC)
Calibration test for each instrument,
mV, mA, Ohms and V (RvA/ILAC)
Vacuum test
Helium leak test
PMI test
Batch certificate
Certificate of origin
Certificate of
conformance
Explosion safe
certificate Exi, Exe,
Exd, Exn
CSA/US
IEC/EX
ATEX
GOST K
GOST R
3
DELIVERY PROGRAMM
Besta
Gemini
Gems
Honeywell

ITT Neo-Dyn
Kurz
Nouva Fima

Thermo Electric
Weka
Level switches and capacitive level sensors

ne and two-channels data loggers
O
Pressure level and flow switches/transmitters
Pressure and temperature transmitters,
recorders and controllers
Pressure and temperature switches
Mass flow measurement
Bi-metals, pressure gauges and transmitters
with chemical seals
Temperature sensors and accessories
Magnetic switches
delivery programme
content
CONTENT
1. THERMOCOUPLES THEORY
2. MINERAL INSULATED TYPE THERMOCOUPLES
13
3. MEASURING JUNCTION
14
4. RESPONSE TIME
15
5. THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION
16
6. THERMOCOUPLES MV TABLES
18
7. RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS AND TABLE
63
8. A FEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
66
9. F.A.Q.S
72
10. PIPE & TUBE END SIZE CHART PIPE SCHEDULES
74
11. METALLIC & NON-METALLIC THERMOWELL MATERIALS
77
12. MELTING TEMPERATURES OF METALS
85
13. STANDARD FLANGE SIZES
88
14. MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDE
98
15. COMPARISON OF NEMA AND IEC STANDARDS
103
16. EX GUIDE LINE
104
17. AWG WIRE SIZE
105
18. INTERNATIONAL THERMOCOUPLE COLOUR CODING
106
SEEBECK EFFECT
T.J. Seebeck discovered the phenomenon of thermo electricity in
1821. He found the so called Seebeck Effect: if a formed circuit
consists of two dissimilar metallic conductors A & B and one of
the junctions of A & B is at a temperature T1 while the other
junction is at a higher temperature T2; then a current will flow in
the circuit and will continue to flow as long as the two junctions
have different temperatures.
The E.M.F. (electromotive force) that produces this current is
called the Seebeck Thermal EMF: if A is (+) compared to (B),
then the current flows from A to B at T1 (fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Seebeck Effect
A (+)
Current
Flow
T1
T2
B ()
T1 < T2
PELTIER EFFECT
In 1834 Jean C.A. Peltier reported that when a current flows
across the junction of two metals, it gives rise to absorption or
liberation of heat (depending upon the direction of the current).
If the current happens to flow in the same direction as the current produced by the Seebeck Effect at the hot junction (T2),
heat is absorbed whereas at the cold junction (T1) heat is liberated.
For example:
Heat is absorbed (T+_ t) when:
a current flows across a copper-constantan hot junction from
the constantan (B) to the copper (A), minus to plus.
Conversely, heat is liberated (T- _ t) when:
a current flows across the same junction from copper (A) to
constantan (B), plus to minus (fig. 2).
Fig. 2 Peltier Effect
A (+)
T1
Seeback
Current Flow
B ()
T1 < T2
T2
MAGNITUDE OF PELTIER EFFECT
It can be shown that the magnitude of the Peltier Effect is given by:
- the product of the absolute temperature (K) of the junction;
- and the rate of change of the thermal EMF of the junction at
that temperature (fig. 3).
If a complete analysis is done, you will find that the Peltier
Effect produces no measurable change in temperature of the
junction if the only current through it is due to the thermal EMF.
Fig. 3
Magnitude
of
=
Peltier Effect
Junction
Temp. in
K
Rate of emf
Change at
Junction
Temp.
THERMO ELECTRIC LAWS

Many investigations of thermo electric circuits have been made
and have resulted in the establishment of several basic precepts. These precepts, while stated in many different ways, can
be reduced to three fundamental laws:
Law of Homogeneous Circuits
Law of Intermediate Metals
Law of Successive or Intermediate Temperatures
Law of Homogeneous Circuits
This law states that an electric current cannot be sustained
in a circuit of a single homogeneous metal, however varying in
section, by the application of heat alone. If a junction of two
dissimilar metals is maintained at T1, while the other is at T2,
the developed thermal EMF is independent and unaffected by
any temperature distribution along the wires T3 and T4 (fig. 4).
Fig. 4 Law of Homogeneous Circuits
A (+)
T3
T1
E = EMF
T2
T4
E Unaffected by T3 and T4
B ()
T1 < T2
1. THeRmOCOUpleS THeORy
Law of Intermediate Metals
When thermocouples are used, it is usually necessary to introduce additional metals into a circuit. This happens when an instrument is used to measure the EMF and the junction is soldered
or welded.
It would seem that the introduction of other metals would modify the EMF developed by the thermocouple and destroy its calibration. However the Law of Intermediate Metals states that:
the introduction of a third metal into a circuit will have no effect
upon the generated EMF, so long as the junctions of the third
metal with the other two metals are at the same temperature.
If two dissimilar metals A & B with their junctions at T1 & T2 and
a third metal C are joined on one leg (if C is kept at a uniform
temperature along its entire length), the total EMF in the circuit
will be unaffected (fi g. 5).
Fig. 5 Law of Intermediate Metals
A (+)
E = EMF
T1
B ()
T2
B ()
T3
Law of Intermediate Temperatures

In most industrial installations, it is not practical to maintain the
reference junction of a thermocouple at a constant temperature.
So, some means must be provided to bring the EMF developed
at the reference junction to a value equal to that which would be
generated with a reference junction maintained at a standard
temperature, usually 0 C (32 F).
The Law of Intermediate Temperatures provides a mean for
relating the EMF generated by a thermocouple under ordinary
conditions, to a standardized constant temperature. In effect,
the Law states that: the sum of the EMFs generated by two thermocouples (one with its junction at 0 C (32 F) and some reference temperature and the other with its junction at the same
reference temperature and the measured temperature) is equivalent to the EMF produced by a single thermocouple with its
junction at 0 C (32 F) and the measured temperature (fi g. 6).
Fig. 6 Law of Successive or Intermediate Temperatures
T1
emf = E1
T2
T2
emf =
T3
T1
emf = E3 = E1+
E2
E2
T3
emfs are Additive for Temperatures Intervals
Summary of the three laws

The three fundamental laws may be combined and stated as
follows:
- the algebraic sum of the thermo electric EMFs generated in
any given circuit containing any number of dissimilar homogeneous metals, is a function only of the temperature of the
junction;
- if all but one of the junctions in such a circuit are maintained
at some reference temperature, the EMF generated depends
only on the temperature of that one junction and can be used
as a measure of its temperature.
THERMOCOUPLE BODY CONSTRUCTION

There are many types of thermocouples available on todays
market. Each has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. In many cases, thermocouples and their accessories are
designed for a specifi c temperature measurement problem.
In other cases, thermocouples are manufactured with a wide
variety of possible applications. It is not the intention to compare one type of thermocouple with another, or to compare the
thermocouple of one manufacturer with another. No thermocouple is suitable for all needs. Thermocouples must be selected to
meet the needs of a particular installation. The next basic types
can be of use to guide you in your selection process.
Three basic types of construction:
1. Wire
2. Mineral insulated
3. Thermowell
1. Wire type construction
The most basic thermocouple construction is the wire type.
It consists of two dissimilar metals, homogeneously joined at
one end to form the measuring junction.
A common factor inherent in all wire type constructions is the
fact that they all have an exposed junction: although it offers
good response time, it is subject to environmental restrictions.
In most cases the advantages are: a good response time, ruggedness and high temperature use. The disadvantage is the
exposed junction: which means that it is susceptible to the environment (oxidizing and reducing atmospheres) and therefore it
must be protected.
2. Mineral insulated construction
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the wire type construction, manufacturers developed the mineral insulation thermocouple. The mineral insulated construction consists of two
thermocouple material wires embedded in a ceramic insulation
and protected by a metallic sheath.
The two primary components of this construction are:
1. The mineral insulation material
2. The metallic sheath
Sheath material characteristics

The table on the next page shows just some of the many different materials which can be used to protect the minerally
insulated thermocouple. The two most important parameters
in selecting the sheath material are: the operating temperature
and the atmospheric environment. The atmospheric environmental parameters are oxidizing, reducing, neutral and vacuum.
For example, SS 304 can be used in each type of atmosphere
with a maximum operating temperature of 890 C (1,650 F).
10
Mineral insulated thermocouple sheath material
Sheath
material
Melting
point C
Max. temperature
in air C
Operating #
atmosphere
Continuous
max. temp C
304 SS
1400C
1048C
O,R,N,V
895C
310 SS
1400C
1071C
O,R,N,V
1145C
316 SS
1250C
960C
O,R,N,V
930C
321 SS
1415C
815C
O,R,N,V
871C
347 SS
1425C
915C
O,R,N,V
871C
Inconel
1398C
1095C
O,N,V (c.)
1145C
Copper
1082C
315C
O,R,N,V (b)
315C
Aluminium
660C
425C
O,R,N,V
371C
Platinum
1770C
1648C
O,N (c.)
1648C
Molybdenum
2620C
535C
V,N,R
2626C
Tantalum
3004C
400C
2760C
Titanium
1815C
315C
V,N
1090C
# Key
O = Oxidizing
R = Reducing
N = Neutral
V = Vacuum
(b) = Scales readiliy in oxidizing atmospheres
(c) = Sensitive to sulphur corrosion
Mineral insulation
The table below shows only a portion of the materials that can
be used; however, the four shown are the most common.
The most important parameters to be considered in selecting
the mineral insulations are the upper temperature limit and the
performance characteristics at the temperature. Of course there
are other parameters which should also be considered such as:
resistively, purity and crushability. However, they are secondary
to temperature. For example: MgO, the most commonly used
(as exhibited by this table) has an upper temperature limit of
2,395 C with high resistivity, excellent purity and very good
crushability.
STABILITY
Insulation
material
Formula
Melting
point C
Max. limit
in
oxi. Atm C
Thermal
shock
res.
Reducing
Atm
Carbon
Acid
slag
Basic
slag
Alumina
Al 2 O 3
2037C
1954C
Good
Good
Fair
Good
Good
Metal
Good
Magnesium
MgO
2760C
2395C
Fair
Poor
Good
Poor
Good
Fair
Thoria
ThO 2
3315C
2700C
Poor
Good
Fair
Poor
Good
Exc.
Zirconia
ZrO 2
2590C
2510C
Fair
Good
Fair
Good
Poor
Good
11
3. Thermowells and protection tubes
Thermowells and protection tubes are used to shield thermocouple sensing elements against mechanical damage and
corrosive or contaminating atmospheres.
The various types and constructions which are available enable the user to select the right combination to meet individual
needs.
For example: cast iron protection tubes are used primarily in
molten aluminium, magnesium and zinc applications. On the
other hand, the ceramic tubes are used in industries such as:
iron and steel, glass, cement and lime processing. Their principal advantages include: resistance to high temperatures and
thermal shock, chemical inertness, good abrasion resistance
and high dielectric strength.
12
2. mINeRal INSUlaTeD Type THeRmOCOUpleS

THERMOCOUPLES IN MINERAL INS. CONSTRUCTION
One of the many advantages of a mineral insulated cable is
the protection offered to the thermocouple wires, afforded by
the metal sheath. For long service life, only contamination free
sheathing of known chemical and physical compositions is used.
Our standard diameters for our MI-cable (mineral insulated thermocouple cable)
Diameter
Type T/C
Sheath Material
0.15 mm
Inconel 600 or SS 316
0.25 mm
0.5
mm
K,N,J and T
1.0
mm
K,N,J and T
1.5
mm
K,N,J and T
1/16 inch
K,N,J and T
3.0
mm
K,N,J,R,S and T
1/8
inch
K,N,J,R,S and T
3/16 inch
K,N,J,R,S and T
6.0
mm
K,N,J,R,S and T
1/4
inch
K,N,J,R,S,and T
K,N and J
5/16 inch
1/2
inch
The table above lists the most common constructions. Other

diameters and sheath materials are available upon request.
For example: type N thermocouples are available with several
sheath materials of Nicrobel and/or Pyrosil; for the platinum
rhodium thermocouples, which can be higher in temperature,
we recommend to use this in a construction with beads (fi g. 1).
For the optimal use of type R, S and B thermocouples we use a
nominal wire size of 0.5 mm as standard. The insulation material for this type of thermocouple will be aluminium oxide 99.7%
purity.
Beaded element ceramic insulator with one bead
Beaded element ceramic insulators with several beads

13
3. MEASURING JUNCTION
COMMON MEASURING JUNCTION TYPES
The hot junction is the junction which is subjected to the process
or medium that is being measured or controlled.
Three common types of junctions:
1. Grounded
2. Insulated
3. Exposed (fast response)
Of these three the one which has the highest application rate
in greatest use, is the grounded junction. As will be seen, its
characteristics meet most requirements.
Grounded junction
In this construction the mineral insulation is completely sealed
from containments and the measuring junction becomes an integral part of the tip of the thermocouple. The response time,
as we will see later, approaches that of an exposed loop thermocouple. In addition, the junction conductors are completely
protected from harsh environmental conditions. Small diameter
thermocouples may be selected to match or better the response
time of exposed loop thermocouples, yet the operational lift and
upper temperature limit of the junction will be extended due to
protection offered by the sheath.
Insulated measuring junction
In this construction the thermocouple conductors are welded
together to form the junction which is insulated from the external sheath with the mineral insulation. The response time for an
insulated junction is longer than it is for a grounded junction
thermocouple of the same outside diameter. In insulated junction thermocouples, however, conductors are electrically insulated from the sheath. A feature advantageous in applications
where thermocouples are used:
- in conductive solutions;
- for differential averaging (paralleled);
- for additive (series) applications;
- wherever isolation of the measuring circuitry is required.
Exposed loop junction
The exposed loop junction offers a faster thermal response time
than the other two types of junctions. However this type of junction
is limited to mild environmental conditions or one time usage
under more severe conditions.
14
Grounded
Insulated
Reduced Tip
4. ReSpONSe TIme
RESPONSE TIME
Some of the typical response times encountered when using
these three types of junctions:
Insulated
4.5 seconds
Grounded
1.7 seconds
Exposed
0.1 seconds
All values are for 6.35 mm outside diameter mineral insulated
cable.
Values listed are based on the average response time of several
minerally insulated cables. The time in seconds indicates time
taken to undergo a change in temperature of 63.2 %.
The tests where performed during a step change from room temperature to boiling water.
Test per ASTM STP 470A (full response is approximated fi ve time
constants).

Diameter
Junction
0.5 mm
insulated
Time in sec.
0.15
0.5 mm
grounded
0.05
1.0 mm
insulated
0.3

0.1
1.0 mm
grounded
3.0 mm
insulated
1.3
3.0 mm
grounded
0.7
4.8 mm
insulated
2.2
1.1
4.8 mm
grounded
6.0 mm
insulated

4.5
6.0 mm
grounded
2.1
6.0 mm
exposed
0.1
As a general rule, it can be stated that the greater the mass of

the junction, the greater the response time and the longer the
service life.
15
THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION NO LIMITS OF ERROR
The object of calibrating any thermocouple or wire is to determine temperature-EMF output (voltage produced at a given temperature) as compared to the calibration table or curve.
Comparison method
This method is just what it implies: the comparison of the EMF
of an unknown thermocouple with a working standard (usually
another thermocouple) at the same temperature. Accuracy is
first limited by the accuracy of the standard. A secondary effect
limiting accuracy is the ability of the observer to bring the unknown thermocouple junction to the same temperature as the
standards measuring element.
Fixed point method
This method entails measuring unknown thermocouples at a
known temperature as defined by the International Temperature
Scale.
LIMITS OF ERROR: STANDARD & PREMIUM GRADE

No thermocouple can be more accurate than the wire from
which it is made. Certain limits of error have been established by
manufacturers and Engineering Societies to define acceptable
wires for use in thermocouples.
The accuracy with which wire conforms to the tables, is determined by checking the wire at predetermined points against
NBS Certified Platinum. Checking against platinum insures that
individual wires can be paired and remain within standard limits.
For instance: measurement at 150C with a type K thermocouple insures that the result will be 150C 2.5C for standard
grade material and 150 C 1.5C with premium grade material.
Measurement at 550 C with the same type K thermocouple insures that the result will be at 550 C 0.75% for standard grade material and at 550 C 0.4% for premium grade material.
Fixed points available for selecting thermocouples
The fixed points for which values have been assigned or determined accurately and at which it has been found convenient
to calibrate thermocouples are given. In selecting the points at
which to calibrate a thermocouple, one has a choice between a
boiling point and a freezing point.
16
For example: the boiling point of oxygen or the freezing point of
mercury. In determining the EMF of a thermocouple at freezing
point, the time during dissertation which observations may be
taken is limited to the period of freezing, after which the material
must be melted again before taking futher observations. In case
of boiling points, there is no such limit in since the material can
be boiled continiously.
This brochure attempted to summarize the important aspects of
thermocouple temperature sensors. It has primarily been aimed
at the industrial user in order to help him understand more fully
the basic principles of thermocouples. The field of temperature
measurement is so vast, that each topic could have been a
brochure itself.
We have briefly described the theoretical foundation of the thermocouple thermometry aspect, the basic construction of the
thermocouples, two methods of calibration and the critical parameters to be considered in the selection of practical sensors.
80
70
60
K
MILLIVOLIS
50
40
C
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
TEMPERATURE C
2000
2500
17
18
0
600
IRON-CONSTANTAN
CHROMEL-ALUMEL
NICROSIL-NISIL
CHROMEL-CONSTANTAN
COPPER-CONSTANTAN
PLATINUM 13%Rh-PLATINUM
30%Rh
B
1800
1600
1600
350
900
1200
1200
750
Range
C
N.A.
1,0
1,0
0,5C OR 0,4% t
1,5C OR 0,4% t
1,5C OR 0,4% t
1,5C OR 0,4% t
1,5C OR 0,4% t
Acc. IEC 584 Class

1
1,5C OR 0,25% t
1,5C OR 0,25% t
1,5C OR 0,25% t
1,0C OR 0,75% t
2,5C OR 0,75% t
2,5C OR 0,75% t
2,5C OR 0,75% t
2,5C OR 0,75% t
Acc. IEC 584 Class

2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,0C OR 0,15 t
2,5C OR 015% t
2,5C OR 015% t
2,5C OR 0,15% t
2,5C OR 0,15% t
Basic -200C to +40C
Acc. IEC 584 Class

3
JIS
DIN
BS
ANSI (ASTM)
ANSI (ASTM)
TOLERANCE CLASSES FOR THERMOCOUPLES (REFERENCE JUNCTION AT 0C)
BS
DIN
FOR OTHER INTERNATIONAL THERMOCOUPLE STANDARDS PLEASE CONTACT OUR SALES OFFICE
JIS
FOR OTHER INTERNATIONAL THERMOCOUPLE STANDARDS PLEASE CONTACT OUR SALES OFFICE
-40
-40
-40
-40
-40
NAME
TYPE
Range
C
TOLERANCE CLASSES FOR THERMOCOUPLES (REFERENCE JUNCTION AT 0C)
6. THERMOCOUPLES MV tables
19
-4
-3
-3
-2
-2
-1 961
-1 482
-995
-501
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
257
829
389
936
524
-2 008
-1 530
-1 044
-550
-50
-4
-3
-3
-2
-2
-6 194
-5 838
-5 465
-5 076
-4 674
300
872
434
984
524
-2 055
-1 578
-1 093
-600
-101
-4
-3
-3
-2
-2
-6 229
-5 874
-5 503
-5 116
-4 714
-7 707
-7 456
-7 181
-6 883
-6 566
-7 934
-7 912
-7 683
-7 429
-7 152
-6 653
-6 533
-2
-1
-3
-2 103
-1 626
-1 142
-50
-151
-4 342
-3 916
-3 478
-3 029
-2 571
-6 263
-5 910
-5 541
-5 155
-4 755
-7 731
-7 482
-7 209
-6 914
-6 698
-2 150
-1 674
-1 190
-699
-201
-4 384
-3 959
-3 522
-3 075
-2 617
-6 296
-5 946
-5 578
-5 194
-4 796
-7 755
-7 508
-7 237
-6 944
-6 631
-7 976
E/V
-4
-2 197
-1 722
-1 239
-749
-251
-4 425
-4 002
-3 566
-3 120
-2 663
-6 332
-5 952
-5 616
-5 233
-4 836
-7 778
-7 534
-7 265
-6 975
-6 663
-7 996
-5
-6
-2 244
-1 770
-1 283
-798
-301
-4 467
-4 045
-3 610
-3 165
-2 709
-6 366
-6 018
-5 653
-5 272
-4 877
-7 801
-7 559
-7 293
-7 005
-6 695
-8 017
Type J: Iron/copper-nickel
(1)
Type J
-7 955
Electromotive force as a function of temperature
215
786
344
893
431
159
801
426
037
633
-6
-5
-5
-5
-4
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
659
403
123
821
500
-7
-7
-7
-6
-6
0
-8 095
-7 890
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
T90/C
-210
-200
Iron/copper-nickel (1)
-2 291
-1 818
-1 336
-847
-351
-4 509
-4 088
-3 654
-3 210
-2 765
-6 400
-6 054
-5 690
-5 311
-4 917
-7 824
-7 585
-7 321
-7 035
-6 727
-8 037
-7
-2 335
-1 865
-1 385
-896
-401
-4 550
-4 130
-3 698
-3 255
-2 801
-6 433
-6 089
-5 727
-5 350
-4 957
-7 846
-7 610
-7 348
-7 064
-6 759
-8 057
-8
-2 385
-1 913
-1 433
-946
-451
-4 591
-4 173
-3 742
-3 300
-2 847
-6 467
-6 124
-5 764
-5 388
-4 997
-7 868
-7 634
-7 376
-7 094
-6 790
-8 076
-9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
T90/C
-210
-200
T H E R M O C O U PL E S M V TA B L E S
6
19
20
5
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
555
110
665
219
773
779
334
889
445
000
010
562
115
669
224
269
814
360
909
459
585
116
650
187
726
323
868
415
964
514
638
169
703
240
781
13
14
14
15
15
10
11
11
12
13
611
166
720
275
829
834
389
945
500
056
8 065
8 618
9 171
9 725
10 279
5
5
6
6
7
2
3
3
4
4
-1
50
558
1 071
1 589
2 111
378
923
470
019
569
13
14
14
15
15
10
11
12
12
13
666
221
776
330
884
890
445
000
556
111
8 120
8 673
9 226
9 780
10 335
5
5
6
7
7
2 691
3 222
3 757
4 294
4 835
-2
101
609
1 122
1 641
2 164
432
977
525
074
624
13
14
14
15
15
10
11
12
12
13
722
277
831
388
940
945
501
056
611
167
8 175
8 728
9 282
9 836
10 390
5
5
6
7
7
2 744
3 275
3 810
4 348
4 889
-3
151
660
1 174
1 693
2 216
13
14
14
15
15
11
11
12
12
13
8
8
9
9
10
5
6
6
7
7
777
332
887
441
995
001
556
111
667
222
231
783
337
891
446
487
032
579
129
679
2 797
3 329
3 864
4 402
4 943
E/V
-4
202
711
1 226
1 745
2 269
13
14
14
15
16
11
11
12
12
13
8
8
9
9
10
5
6
6
7
7
833
388
942
496
050
056
612
167
722
278
285
839
392
947
501
541
087
634
184
734
2 850
3 382
3 918
4 456
4 997
-5
253
762
1 277
1 797
2 322
13
14
14
15
16
11
11
12
12
13
8
8
9
10
10
5
6
6
7
7
888
443
998
552
106
112
667
222
778
333
341
894
448
002
557
596
141
689
239
789
2 903
3 438
3 971
4 510
5 052
-6
303
814
1 329
1 849
2 374
(continued) (2)
Type J
2
3
3
4
4
0
0
507
1 019
1 537
2 059
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
Iron/copper-nickel (continued) (2)

Electromoive force as a function of temperature
13 944
14 499
15 053
15 607
16 161
11 167
11 723
12 278
12 833
13 389
8 396
8 949
9 503
10 057
10 612
6 650
6 196
6 744
7 294
7 844
2 956
3 489
4 025
4 584
5 106
-7
354
865
1 381
1 902
2 427
13 999
14 554
15 109
15 663
16 216
11 223
11 778
12 334
12 889
13 444
8 452
9 005
9 559
10 113
10 668
5 705
6 251
6 799
7 349
7 900
3 008
3 543
4 078
4 618
5 160
-8
405
916
1 433
1 954
2 480
14 055
14 609
15 164
15 718
16 272
11 278
11 834
12 389
12 944
13 500
8 507
9 060
9 614
10 168
10 723
5 759
6 306
6 854
7 404
7 955
3 062
3 596
4 133
4 672
5 215
-9
456
956
1 485
2 006
2 532
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
21
0
33 102
33 689
34 279
34 673
35 470
36 071
36 675
37 284
37 896
38 512
39 132
39 755
40 382
41 012
41 645
42 281
42 919
43 559
44 203
44 848
45 494
46 141
46 786
47 431
48 074
48 715
49 353
49 989
50 622
51 251
-1
33 161
33 748
34 338
34 932
35 530
36 131
36 736
37 345
37 958
38 574
39 194
39 818
40 445
41 075
41 708
42 344
42 983
43 624
44 267
44 913
45 559
46 205
46 851
47 495
48 138
48 779
49 417
50 520
50 685
51 314
-2
33 219
33 807
34 397
34 992
35 590
36 191
36 797
37 406
38 019
38 636
39 256
39 880
40 508
41 138
41 772
42 406
43 047
43 688
44 332
44 977
45 624
46 270
46 915
47 560
48 202
48 843
49 481
50 116
50 748
51 377
-3
33 278
33 866
34 457
35 051
35 650
36 252
36 858
37 467
38 081
38 698
39 318
39 943
40 570
41 201
41 835
42 472
43 111
43 752
44 396
45 042
45 688
46 315
46 980
47 624
48 267
48 907
49 544
50 179
50 811
51 439
E/V
-4
33 337
33 925
34 516
35 111
35 710
36 312
36 918
37 528
38 142
38 760
39 381
40 005
40 633
41 265
41 899
42 536
43 175
43 817
44 461
45 107
45 753
46 399
47 044
47 688
48 331
48 971
49 608
50 243
50 874
51 502
-5
33 395
33 984
34 575
35 171
35 770
36 373
36 979
37 590
38 204
38 822
39 443
40 068
40 696
41 328
41 962
42 599
43 239
43 881
44 525
45 171
45 818
46 464
47 109
47 753
48 395
49 034
49 672
50 306
50 937
51 565
-6
33 454
34 043
34 635
35 230
35 830
36 433
37 040
37 651
38 265
38 884
39 505
40 131
40 759
41 391
42 026
42 663
43 303
43 945
44 590
45 236
45 882
46 628
47 173
47 817
48 459
49 098
49 735
50 369
51 000
51 627
(continued) (3)
Type J
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890

-7
33 513
34 102
34 694
35 290
35 890
36 494
37 101
37 712
38 327
38 946
39 588
40 193
40 822
41 455
42 090
42 727
43 367
44 010
44 655
45 301
45 947
46 593
47 238
47 881
48 523
49 162
49 799
50 432
51 063
51 690
-8
33 571
34 161
34 754
35 350
35 950
36 554
37 162
37 773
38 389
39 008
39 630
40 256
40 886
41 518
42 153
42 791
43 431
44 074
44 719
45 365
46 011
46 657
47 302
47 946
48 587
49 226
49 862
50 495
51 126
51 752
-9
33 630
34 220
34 813
35 410
36 010
36 615
37 223
37 835
38 450
39 070
39 693
40 319
40 949
41 581
42 217
42 855
43 495
44 139
44 784
45 430
46 076
46 722
47 367
48 010
48 651
49 290
49 926
50 559
51 188
51 815
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
23
21
22
0
33 102
33 689
34 279
34 673
35 470
36 071
36 675
37 284
37 896
38 512
39 132
39 755
40 382
41 012
41 645
42 281
42 919
43 559
44 203
44 848
45 494
46 141
46 786
47 431
48 074
48 715
49 353
49 989
50 622
51 251
-1
33 161
33 748
34 338
34 932
35 530
36 131
36 736
37 345
37 958
38 574
39 194
39 818
40 445
41 075
41 708
42 344
42 983
43 624
44 267
44 913
45 559
46 205
46 851
47 495
48 138
48 779
49 417
50 520
50 685
51 314
-2
33 219
33 807
34 397
34 992
35 590
36 191
36 797
37 406
38 019
38 636
39 256
39 880
40 508
41 138
41 772
42 406
43 047
43 688
44 332
44 977
45 624
46 270
46 915
47 560
48 202
48 843
49 481
50 116
50 748
51 377
-3
33 278
33 866
34 457
35 051
35 650
36 252
36 858
37 467
38 081
38 698
39 318
39 943
40 570
41 201
41 835
42 472
43 111
43 752
44 396
45 042
45 688
46 315
46 980
47 624
48 267
48 907
49 544
50 179
50 811
51 439
E/V
-4
33 337
33 925
34 516
35 111
35 710
36 312
36 918
37 528
38 142
38 760
39 381
40 005
40 633
41 265
41 899
42 536
43 175
43 817
44 461
45 107
45 753
46 399
47 044
47 688
48 331
48 971
49 608
50 243
50 874
51 502
-5
33 395
33 984
34 575
35 171
35 770
36 373
36 979
37 590
38 204
38 822
39 443
40 068
40 696
41 328
41 962
42 599
43 239
43 881
44 525
45 171
45 818
46 464
47 109
47 753
48 395
49 034
49 672
50 306
50 937
51 565
-6
33 454
34 043
34 635
35 230
35 830
36 433
37 040
37 651
38 265
38 884
39 505
40 131
40 759
41 391
42 026
42 663
43 303
43 945
44 590
45 236
45 882
46 628
47 173
47 817
48 459
49 098
49 735
50 369
51 000
51 627
(continued) (4)
Type J
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890

-7
33 513
34 102
34 694
35 290
35 890
36 494
37 101
37 712
38 327
38 946
39 588
40 193
40 822
41 455
42 090
42 727
43 367
44 010
44 655
45 301
45 947
46 593
47 238
47 881
48 523
49 162
49 799
50 432
51 063
51 690
-8
33 571
34 161
34 754
35 350
35 950
36 554
37 162
37 773
38 389
39 008
39 630
40 256
40 886
41 518
42 153
42 791
43 431
44 074
44 719
45 365
46 011
46 657
47 302
47 946
48 587
49 226
49 862
50 495
51 126
51 752
-9
33 630
34 220
34 813
35 410
36 010
36 615
37 223
37 835
38 450
39 070
39 693
40 319
40 949
41 581
42 217
42 855
43 495
44 139
44 784
45 430
46 076
46 722
47 367
48 010
48 651
49 290
49 926
50 559
51 188
51 815
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
23
24
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
579
255
831
406
980
792
370
948
525
102
890
473
054
634
214
953
545
134
721
307
69 553
66
67
67
68
68
63
64
64
65
66
60
61
62
62
63
57
58
59
59
60
956
561
164
763
360
0
877
500
119
735
347
66
67
67
68
69
63
64
65
65
66
60
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
59
60
55
55
56
56
57
51
52
53
53
54
737
313
888
463
037
850
428
008
583
160
949
531
112
692
271
013
604
193
780
365
016
622
224
823
419
-1
940
582
181
796
408
66
67
67
68
69
63
64
65
65
66
61
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
59
60
55
55
56
56
57
52
52
53
53
54
794
370
946
521
095
908
486
064
641
218
007
589
170
750
329
072
663
252
838
423
077
682
284
883
479
-2
002
624
243
857
469
66
67
68
68
69
63
64
65
65
66
61
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
59
60
55
55
56
56
57
52
52
53
53
54
852
428
003
578
152
966
544
121
699
275
065
647
228
808
387
131
422
310
897
482
138
742
344
942
538
-3
064
686
304
919
530
68
67
68
68
69
64
64
65
65
66
61
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
59
60
55
55
56
57
57
52
52
53
53
54
910
486
061
636
209
024
602
179
756
333
123
705
286
866
445
190
781
369
956
540
198
803
404
002
597
E/V
-4
127
748
366
980
591
66
67
68
68
69
64
64
65
65
66
61
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
60
60
55
55
56
57
57
52
52
53
54
54
967
543
119
693
267
081
659
237
814
391
182
763
344
924
503
249
840
428
014
599
259
863
484
062
657
-5
189
810
427
041
652
67
57
68
68
69
64
64
65
65
66
61
61
62
62
63
58
58
59
60
60
55
55
56
57
57
52
52
53
54
54
025
601
176
751
324
139
717
295
872
448
240
822
402
982
561
309
899
487
073
657
319
923
524
121
716
-6
251
872
489
102
713
(continued) (5)
Type J
1 200
000
010
020
030
040
54
55
56
56
57
950
960
970
980
990
1
1
1
1
1
51
52
53
53
54
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940

67 082
67 658
68 234
68 808
69 381
64 197
64 775
65 352
65 929
66 506
61 298
61 880
62 480
63 040
63 619
58 368
58 957
59 545
60 131
60 715
55 380
55 983
56 584
57 181
57 776
-7
52 314
52 934
53 550
54 164
54 773
64 255
64 833
65 410
65 987
66 564
67 140
67 716
68 291
66 865
69 439
61 356
61 938
62 518
63 098
63 677
58 427
59 016
59 604
60 190
60 774
55 440
56 043
56 643
57 240
57 835
-8
52 376
52 996
53 612
54 225
54 834
67 198
67 773
68 348
68 923
69 496
64 313
64 890
65 468
66 045
66 621
61 415
61 996
62 576
63 156
63 734
58 486
59 075
59 663
60 248
60 832
55 501
56 104
56 703
57 300
57 894
-9
52 438
53 057
53 673
54 286
54 895
1 200
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
23
24
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1 527
-1 156
-778
-392
0
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
444
408
351
271
170
048
907
274
953
620
278
925
694
437
166
882
584
-1 564
-1 194
-816
-431
-39
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5 747
-5 569
-5 374
-5 163
-4 936
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
-1
446
413
358
280
181
061
922
306
986
654
312
961
719
463
194
911
614
-1 600
-1 231
-854
-470
-79
-3
-2
-3
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5 763
-5 588
-5 395
-5 185
-4 960
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
-2
448
417
364
289
192
074
936
337
018
688
347
996
744
490
221
939
645
-1 637
-1 266
-892
-508
-118
-3
-3
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5 780
-5 606
-5 415
-5 207
-4 983
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
-3
450
421
370
297
202
087
951
368
050
721
382
032
768
516
249
968
675
-1 673
-1 305
-930
-547
-157
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5 797
-5 624
-5 435
-5 228
-5 008
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
E/V
-4
452
425
377
306
213
099
965
400
083
755
416
067
793
542
276
997
705
-1 709
-1 343
-968
-586
-197
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5 813
-5 642
-5 454
-5 250
-5 029
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
-5
453
429
382
314
223
111
980
431
115
788
450
103
817
567
303
025
734
-1 745
-1 380
-1 006
-624
-236
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-4
-4
-4
-4
-3
-5 829
-5 660
-5 474
-5 271
-5 062
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
-6
-7
-1782
-1417
-1043
-663
-275
-3 462
-3 147
-2 821
-2 485
-2 138
-4 841
-4 593
-4 330
-4 054
-3 764
-5 645
-5 678
-5 493
-5 292
-5 074
-6 455
-6 432
-6 388
-6 322
-6 233
-6 123
-5 994
K: Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium
(6)
Type K
243
920
587
243
889
669
411
138
852
554
-5 730
-5 550
-5 354
-5 141
-4 913
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-6
-5
0
458
441
404
344
262
158
035
891
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium (6)
Type
-1 818
-1 453
-1 081
-701
-314
-3 492
-3 179
-2 854
-2 519
-2 173
-4 865
-4 618
-4 357
-4 082
-3 794
-5 861
-5 695
-5 512
-5 313
-5 097
-6 456
-6 435
-6 393
-6 329
-6 243
-6 135
-6 007
-8
-1 854
-1 490
-1119
-739
-353
-3523
-3211
-2887
-2553
-2208
-4889
-4644
-4384
-4110
-3823
-5876
-5713
-5531
-5333
-5119
-6457
-6438
-6399
-6337
-6252
-6147
-6021
-9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
25
14
14
15
15
15
16 397
16 820
17 243
17 667
18 091
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
21
22
18
18
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
13
819
245
671
097
523
687
113
540
966
393
558
983
409
835
261
439
882
285
709
134
335
755
175
596
017
-1
250
665
081
498
916
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
13
862
288
714
140
565
730
156
582
009
435
601
026
451
877
303
482
904
328
752
176
377
797
217
638
059
-2
291
707
123
540
958
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
904
331
757
182
608
772
199
625
052
478
643
068
494
920
346
524
947
370
794
218
419
839
259
680
102
-3
333
748
165
582
000
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
947
373
799
225
650
815
241
668
094
521
686
111
537
962
389
586
989
413
837
261
461
881
301
722
144
E/V
-4
374
790
206
624
042
503
923
343
784
186
-5
416
831
248
665
084
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
20
20
990
416
842
267
693
857
284
710
137
583
728
154
579
005
431
16 608
17 031
17 455
17 879
18 303
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
545
985
385
806
228
-6
457
873
290
707
126
23
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
20
20
032
458
884
310
735
900
326
753
179
606
771
196
622
048
474
16 651
17 074
17 497
17 921
18 346
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
23 075
23 501
23 927
24 353
24 778
20 943
21 389
21 796
22 222
22 649
18 813
19 239
19 664
20 090
20 516
16 693
17 116
17 540
17 964
18 388
14 587
15 007
15 427
15 849
16 270
-7
12 499
12 915
13 331
13 749
14 167
K: Nickel-chrome/nickel-aluminium
(suite)
Type K
776
203
629
055
480
644
071
497
924
350
516
941
368
792
128
293
713
133
554
975
12
12
13
13
13
0
209
624
040
457
874
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
Nickel chrome/nickel-aluminium (suite)

Type
Force lectromotrice as a function of temprature
23 117
23 544
23 970
24 395
24 820
20 985
21 412
21 838
22 265
22 691
18 856
19 281
19 707
20 133
20 559
16 735
17 158
17 582
18 006
18 431
14 629
15 049
15 469
15 891
16 313
-8
12 540
12 956
13 373
13 791
14 209
23 160
23 586
24 012
24 438
24 863
21 028
21 454
21 881
22 307
22 734
18 898
19 324
19 750
20 175
20 602
16 778
17 201
17 624
18 049
18 473
14 671
15 091
15 511
15 933
16 355
-9
12 582
12 998
13 415
13 833
14 251
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
27
25
26
14
14
15
15
15
16 397
16 820
17 243
17 667
18 091
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
21
22
18
18
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
13
819
245
671
097
523
687
113
540
966
393
558
983
409
835
261
439
882
285
709
134
335
755
175
596
017
-1
250
665
081
498
916
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
13
862
288
714
140
565
730
156
582
009
435
601
026
451
877
303
482
904
328
752
176
377
797
217
638
059
-2
291
707
123
540
958
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
904
331
757
182
608
772
199
625
052
478
643
068
494
920
346
524
947
370
794
218
419
839
259
680
102
-3
333
748
165
582
000
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
19
20
16
16
17
17
18
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
947
373
799
225
650
815
241
668
094
521
686
111
537
962
389
586
989
413
837
261
461
881
301
722
144
E/V
-4
374
790
206
624
042
503
923
343
784
186
-5
416
831
248
665
084
22
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
20
20
990
416
842
267
693
857
284
710
137
583
728
154
579
005
431
16 608
17 031
17 455
17 879
18 303
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
545
985
385
806
228
-6
457
873
290
707
126
23
23
23
24
24
20
21
21
22
22
18
19
19
20
20
032
458
884
310
735
900
326
753
179
606
771
196
622
048
474
16 651
17 074
17 497
17 921
18 346
14
14
15
15
16
12
12
13
13
14
23 075
23 501
23 927
24 353
24 778
20 943
21 389
21 796
22 222
22 649
18 813
19 239
19 664
20 090
20 516
16 693
17 116
17 540
17 964
18 388
14 587
15 007
15 427
15 849
16 270
-7
12 499
12 915
13 331
13 749
14 167
K: Nickel-chrome/nickel-aluminium
(suite)
Type K
776
203
629
055
480
644
071
497
924
350
516
941
368
792
128
293
713
133
554
975
12
12
13
13
13
0
209
624
040
457
874
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
Nickel chrome/nickel-aluminium (suite)

Type
Force lectromotrice as a function of temprature
23 117
23 544
23 970
24 395
24 820
20 985
21 412
21 838
22 265
22 691
18 856
19 281
19 707
20 133
20 559
16 735
17 158
17 582
18 006
18 431
14 629
15 049
15 469
15 891
16 313
-8
12 540
12 956
13 373
13 791
14 209
23 160
23 586
24 012
24 438
24 863
21 028
21 454
21 881
22 307
22 734
18 898
19 324
19 750
20 175
20 602
16 778
17 201
17 624
18 049
18 473
14 671
15 091
15 511
15 933
16 355
-9
12 582
12 998
13 415
13 833
14 251
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
27
28
29
29
29
30
30
31 213
31 628
32 041
32 453
32 885
33
33
34
34
34
35
35
36
36
36
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
171
589
007
424
840
067
489
911
332
752
-1
948
373
797
221
644
35
35
36
36
36
33
33
34
34
34
354
758
162
564
965
316
726
134
542
948
31 255
31 869
32 082
32 495
32 906
29
29
30
30
30
27
27
27
28
28
24
25
25
26
26
213
631
049
466
881
109
531
953
374
794
-2
990
415
840
263
687
35
35
36
36
37
33
33
34
34
34
394
798
202
604
006
357
767
175
582
989
31 296
31 710
32 124
32 536
32 947
29
29
30
30
30
27
27
27
28
28
24
25
25
26
26
256
673
090
507
923
152
574
995
416
835
-3
033
458
882
306
729
35
35
36
36
37
33
33
34
34
35
436
839
242
644
046
398
808
216
623
029
31 338
31 752
32 165
32 577
32 988
29
29
30
30
30
27
27
27
26
28
25
25
25
26
26
313
718
121
524
925
275
685
093
501
908
129
548
965
382
798
025
447
869
289
710
27
27
27
28
28
650
660
670
680
690
0
905
330
755
179
602
24
25
25
26
26
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
297
715
132
549
964
194
616
037
458
877
35
35
36
36
37
33
33
34
34
35
475
879
282
685
086
439
848
257
664
070
31 379
31 793
32 206
32 618
33 029
29
29
30
30
30
27
27
28
28
28
25
25
25
26
26
E/V
-4
075
500
924
348
771
338
757
174
590
006
236
658
079
500
919
-5
118
543
967
390
814
35
35
36
36
37
33
33
34
34
35
516
920
323
725
126
480
889
297
704
110
31 421
31 834
32 247
32 659
33 070
29
29
30
30
31
27
27
28
28
28
25
25
25
26
26
380
798
216
632
047
278
700
121
542
961
35
35
36
36
37
33
33
34
34
35
556
960
363
765
166
521
930
338
745
151
31 462
31 876
32 289
32 700
33 111
29
29
30
30
31
27
27
28
28
28
-6
160
586
009
433
856
35 596
36 000
36 403
36 805
37 206
33 562
33 971
34 379
34 786
35 192
31 504
31 917
32 330
32 742
33 152
29 422
29 840
30 257
30 674
31 089
27 320
27 742
28 163
28 584
29 003
-7
25 203
25 627
26 052
26 475
26 898
(continued) (10)
25
25
26
26
26
Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium(continued) (10)
Type K: Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium
Type K
35 637
36 041
36 443
36 845
37 248
33 603
34 012
34 420
34 826
35 232
31 545
31 958
32 371
32 783
33 193
29 464
29 882
30 299
30 715
31 130
27 363
27 784
28 205
28 626
29 045
-8
25 245
25 670
26 094
26 517
26 940
35 677
36 081
36 484
36 885
37 288
33 644
34 053
34 460
34 867
35 273
31 586
32 000
32 412
32 824
33 234
29 506
29 924
30 341
30 757
31 172
27 405
27 826
28 247
28 668
29 087
-9
25 288
25 712
26 136
26 560
26 983
850
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
27
28
39
39
40
40
40
41
41
42
42
42
43
43
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
47
48
48
950
960
970
980
990
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
995
367
737
105
476
119
497
873
249
623
211
595
978
359
740
276
665
053
440
826
314
708
101
494
885
0
326
725
124
522
918
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
45
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
42
39
39
40
40
40
37
37
38
38
38
033
404
774
142
509
157
534
911
296
660
250
633
016
397
778
315
704
092
479
865
353
747
141
533
924
-1
366
765
164
561
958
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
45
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
42
39
39
40
40
40
37
37
38
38
38
070
441
811
179
546
194
572
948
324
697
288
672
054
435
816
354
743
131
518
903
393
787
180
572
963
-2
406
805
204
601
997
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
45
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
42
39
39
40
40
41
37
37
38
38
39
37
37
38
38
38
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
107
478
848
216
582
232
610
986
361
735
327
710
092
473
853
393
781
169
556
942
432
826
219
611
002
-3
446
845
243
641
037
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
46
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
42
39
39
40
40
41
37
37
38
38
39
144
515
884
252
619
270
647
024
398
772
365
748
130
512
891
431
820
208
595
980
471
866
259
651
042
E/V
-4
486
885
283
660
076
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
46
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
43
39
39
40
40
41
37
37
38
38
39
181
552
921
289
656
308
685
061
436
809
403
787
169
550
929
470
859
247
633
019
511
905
298
690
081
-5
526
925
323
720
116
47
47
47
48
48
45
45
46
46
46
43
43
44
44
44
41
41
42
42
43
39
39
40
40
41
218
589
958
326
692
346
723
099
473
847
442
825
207
588
967
509
898
286
672
057
550
944
337
729
120
-6
566
965
363
760
155
47 256
47 626
47 995
48 383
48 729
45 383
45 760
46 136
46 511
46 884
43 480
43 863
44 245
44 626
45 005
41 548
41 937
42 324
42 711
43 096
39 590
39 984
40 376
40 768
41 159
-7
37 606
38 005
38 402
38 799
39 185
(continued) (11)
37
37
38
38
39
Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium(continued) (11)
Type K
47 293
47 663
48 032
48 399
48 765
45 421
45 798
46 174
46 548
46 921
43 518
43 901
44 283
44 664
45 043
41 587
41 976
42 363
42 749
43 134
39 629
40 023
40 415
40 807
41 198
-8
37 646
38 044
38 442
38 839
39 235
47 330
47 700
48 069
48 436
48 802
45 459
45 836
46 211
46 585
46 958
43 557
43 940
44 321
44 702
45 081
41 626
42 014
42 402
42 788
43 173
39 669
40 062
40 455
40 846
41 237
-9
37 686
38 084
38 482
38 878
39 274
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
29
300
310
320
330
340
1
1
1
1
1
54 138
54 479
54 819
410
759
106
451
795
644
000
355
708
060
0
838
202
565
926
286
445
794
140
486
830
880
036
391
744
095
-1
875
239
601
962
322
54 172
54 513
54 852
52
52
53
53
53
50
51
51
51
52
48
49
49
49
50
480
828
175
520
864
715
071
426
779
130
-2
911
275
637
998
358
54 206
54 547
54 886
52
52
53
53
53
50
51
51
51
52
48
49
49
49
50
515
863
210
555
898
751
107
461
814
165
-3
948
311
674
034
393
54 240
54 581
52
52
53
53
53
50
51
51
51
52
48
49
49
50
50
1 350
1 360
1 370
50
51
51
51
52
250
260
270
280
290
1
1
1
1
1
52
52
53
53
53
48
49
49
49
50
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
550
898
244
589
932
787
142
497
849
200
54 274
54 615
52
52
53
53
53
50
51
51
51
52
48
49
49
50
50
E/V
-4
984
348
710
070
429
585
932
279
623
967
822
178
532
885
235
-5
021
384
746
106
465
54 308
54 849
52
52
53
53
53
50
51
51
51
52
49
49
49
50
50
620
967
313
658
001
858
213
567
920
270
54 343
54 683
52
52
53
53
54
50
51
51
51
52
-6
057
420
782
142
501
54 377
54 717
52 654
53 002
53 348
53 692
54 035
50 894
51 249
51 603
51 955
52 305
-7
49 093
49 456
49 818
50 178
50 537
(concluded) (12)
49
49
49
50
50
Nickel-chromium/nickel-aluminium (concluded) (12)

Type K
54 411
54 751
52 689
53 037
53 382
53 727
54 069
50 929
51 284
51 638
51 990
52 340
-8
49 130
49 493
49 854
50 214
50 572
54 445
54 785
52 724
53 071
53 417
53 761
54 104
50 965
51 320
51 673
52 025
52 375
-9
49 166
49 529
49 890
50 250
50 608
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
29
30
-3
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1 023
-772
-518
-260
0
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
215
995
767
533
293
181
012
827
632
428
896
776
648
508
352
-1 048
-798
-544
-286
-26
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
281
232
169
091
000
237
017
790
557
317
205
030
846
652
448
907
790
662
521
368
285
238
176
100
010
-1 072
-823
-569
-312
-52
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4 339
-4 319
-4 337
-4 316
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-2
-1
258
039
813
580
341
221
048
865
672
469
918
803
675
535
384
289
243
183
108
020
-1 097
-848
-595
-338
-78
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4 340
-4 321
-3
280
062
836
604
366
238
066
883
691
490
928
815
688
550
400
293
248
189
116
029
-1 122
-873
-620
-364
-104
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4 341
-4 324
E/V
-4
301
084
859
627
390
255
084
902
711
510
939
827
702
564
415
297
254
196
124
038
-1 146
-898
-646
-390
-131
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4 342
-4 326
-5
322
106
882
651
414
271
101
921
730
531
950
838
715
578
431
300
258
202
132
048
-1 171
-923
-671
-415
-157
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4 343
-4 328
-6
-7
-1 195
-948
-696
-441
-183
-2 344
-2 128
-1 905
-1 674
-1 438
-3 288
-3 119
-2 939
-2 750
-2 551
-3 960
-3 850
-3 728
-3 593
-3 446
-4 304
-4 263
-4 209
-4 140
-4 057
-4 344
-4 330
N: Nickel-chrome-silicium/nickel-silicium
Type N
193
972
744
509
269
171
994
808
612
407
884
766
634
491
336
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
277
226
261
083
990
-4
-4
-4
-4
-3
0
-4 345
-4 336
-4 313
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
Nickel chrome-silicium/nickel-silicium
Type
Force lectromotrice en function de la temprature
-1 220
-973
-722
-467
-209
-2 365
-2 150
-1 927
-1 698
-1 462
-3 304
-3 136
-2 958
-2 769
-2 471
-3 970
-3 862
-3 740
-3 607
-3 461
-4 307
-4 268
-4 215
-4 147
-4 066
-4 344
-4 332
-8
-1 244
-998
-747
-492
-234
-2 386
-2 172
-1 950
-1 721
-1 485
-3 320
-3 153
-2 976
-2 789
-2 592
-3 980
-3 873
-3 753
-3 621
-3 476
-4 310
-4 273
-4 221
-4 154
-4 074
-4 345
-4 334
-9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
-260
-250
T90/C
31
32
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
8
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
697
941
288
637
988
913
245
579
916
255
302
618
937
259
585
774
072
374
680
989
340
619
902
189
480
7
7
8
8
9
5
6
6
6
7
4
4
4
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
631
976
323
672
023
946
278
612
949
289
333
650
969
292
618
804
102
406
711
020
368
647
930
218
509
-1
26
287
552
820
1 092
7
8
8
8
9
5
6
6
6
7
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
666
010
356
707
058
979
311
646
983
323
365
681
001
324
650
833
133
435
742
051
395
675
959
247
538
-2
52
313
578
847
1 119
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
6
7
7
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
700
045
392
742
094
013
345
680
017
357
396
713
033
357
683
863
163
466
772
063
423
703
988
276
568
-3
78
340
605
874
1 147
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
261
525
793
1 065
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
6
7
7
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
2
2
2
734
080
427
777
129
046
378
713
051
392
428
745
066
389
716
893
193
496
803
114
451
732
016
305
597
E/V
-4
104
366
632
901
1 174
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
6
7
7
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
2
2
2
769
114
462
812
184
079
411
747
085
426
459
777
098
422
749
923
223
527
834
145
479
760
045
334
626
-5
130
393
659
928
1 202
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
6
7
7
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
2
2
2
803
149
497
847
200
112
445
781
119
460
491
809
130
454
782
953
253
557
865
176
507
788
074
363
656
7 838
8 184
8 532
8 882
9 235
6 145
6 478
6 814
7 153
7 494
4 523
4 841
5 162
5 487
5 815
2 963
3 283
3 588
3 896
4 208
1 535
1 817
2 102
2 392
2 685
-7
182
446
712
963
1 257
(continued) (13)
-6
156
419
685
955
1 229
Nickel-chromium-silcon/nickel-silcon (continued) (13)

Type N: Nickel-chromium-silcon/nickel-silcon
Type N
7 872
8 218
8 567
8 918
9 270
6 178
6 512
6 848
7 187
7 528
4 554
4 873
5 195
5 520
5 847
3 012
3 314
3 619
3 927
4 239
1 563
1 845
2 131
2 421
2 715
-8
208
472
739
1 010
1 284
7 907
8 253
8 602
8 953
9 306
6 211
6 545
6 882
7 221
7 583
4 586
4 905
5 227
5 552
5 880
3 042
3 344
3 649
3 958
4 270
1 591
1 873
2 160
2 450
2 744
-9
235
499
766
1 037
1 312
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
31
32
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
17
17
17
18
18
19
19
19
20
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
672
059
447
835
224
748
131
515
900
286
846
225
604
984
368
974
346
719
094
469
136
501
867
234
603
0
341
695
054
413
774
18
19
19
19
20
16
17
17
17
18
14
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
14
14
11
11
11
12
12
711
088
485
874
263
766
169
554
938
324
884
262
642
022
404
011
383
756
131
507
173
537
903
271
640
-1
9 377
9 732
10 089
10 449
10 810
18
19
19
19
20
16
17
17
17
18
14
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
13
14
11
11
11
12
12
749
136
524
913
302
824
208
592
977
363
922
300
680
060
442
048
420
794
169
545
209
574
940
308
677
-2
9 412
9 766
10 125
10 485
10 846
18
19
19
19
20
16
17
17
18
18
14
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
14
14
11
11
11
12
12
788
175
583
952
341
863
246
630
016
401
960
338
718
099
480
085
457
831
206
582
245
610
977
345
714
-3
9 448
9 803
10 161
10 521
10 882
9
9
10
10
10
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
18
19
19
19
20
16
17
17
18
18
14
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
14
14
11
11
12
12
12
827
214
602
990
379
901
285
669
054
440
998
376
756
137
518
122
495
869
244
620
282
647
013
382
751
18
19
19
20
20
16
17
17
18
18
15
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
14
14
11
11
12
12
12
865
253
641
029
418
939
323
707
093
479
035
414
794
176
557
159
532
906
281
658
318
683
050
418
788
E/V
-4
-5
9 483
9 519
9 839
9 875
10 197
10 233
10 557
10 593
10 918
10 935
18
19
19
20
20
16
17
17
18
18
15
15
15
16
16
13
13
13
14
14
11
11
12
12
12
904
292
680
068
457
978
361
746
131
517
073
452
832
213
595
197
569
944
319
695
355
720
087
455
825
-6
9 554
9 910
10 269
10 629
10 991
Nickel-chromium- ,silicone/nickel-silicon(continued)
Type N: Nickel-chromium-silicone/nickel-silicon
Type N
18 943
19 330
19 718
20 107
20 496
17 016
17 400
17 784
18 170
18 556
15 111
15 490
15 870
16 251
16 633
13 234
13 607
13 981
14 356
14 733
11 391
11 757
12 124
12 492
12 862
-7
9 590
9 946
10 305
10 665
11 027
(continued)
18 982
19 369
19 757
20 146
20 535
17 054
17 438
17 823
18 208
18 595
15 149
15 528
15 908
16 289
16 671
12 271
13 644
14 019
14 394
14 771
11 428
11 793
12 160
12 529
12 899
-8
9 625
9 982
10 341
10 701
11 064
19 020
19 408
19 796
20 185
20 574
17 093
17 477
17 881
18 247
18 633
15 187
15 566
15 946
16 327
16 710
13 308
13 682
14 056
14 432
14 809
11 464
11 830
12 197
12 566
12 937
-9
9 661
10 018
10 377
10 737
11 100
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
33
34
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
26
26
26
27
27
28
28
28
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
416
807
199
590
981
456
847
239
632
024
491
833
278
669
062
527
919
312
705
098
566
958
350
742
134
0
613
013
393
784
175
30
30
31
31
32
28
28
29
29
30
26
26
27
27
28
24
24
25
25
26
22
22
23
23
24
20
21
21
21
22
455
846
238
629
020
494
886
279
671
063
530
923
316
708
101
566
959
351
744
137
605
997
389
781
173
-1
652
042
432
823
214
30
30
31
31
32
28
28
29
29
30
26
26
27
27
28
24
24
25
25
26
22
23
23
23
24
20
21
21
21
22
494
886
277
668
059
533
926
318
710
102
569
962
355
748
140
605
998
391
783
176
644
036
428
820
213
-2
691
081
471
862
253
30
30
31
31
32
28
28
29
29
30
26
27
27
27
28
24
25
25
25
26
22
23
23
23
24
20
21
21
21
22
20
20
21
21
22
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
533
925
316
707
098
572
965
367
749
141
608
001
394
787
180
644
037
430
823
216
684
075
467
860
252
-3
730
120
510
901
292
30
30
31
31
32
28
29
29
29
30
26
27
27
27
28
24
25
25
25
26
22
23
23
23
24
20
21
21
21
22
572
964
355
746
137
612
004
396
789
181
648
041
433
826
219
684
076
469
862
255
723
115
507
899
291
E/V
-4
769
159
549
940
331
30
31
31
31
32
28
29
29
29
30
26
27
27
27
28
24
25
25
25
26
22
23
23
23
24
20
21
21
21
22
611
003
394
785
176
651
043
436
828
220
687
080
473
866
258
723
116
508
901
294
762
154
546
938
330
-5
808
198
588
979
370
30
31
31
31
32
28
29
29
29
30
26
27
27
27
28
24
25
25
25
26
22
23
23
23
24
20
21
21
22
22
651
042
433
824
215
690
088
475
867
259
726
119
512
905
297
762
155
548
941
333
801
193
585
977
370
-6
847
237
628
018
410
Nickel-chromium- ,silicone/nickel-silicon(continued)
Type N: Nickel-chromium-silicone/nickel-silicon
Type N
30 690
31 081
31 473
31 863
32 254
28 729
29 122
29 514
29 906
30 298
26 766
27 158
27 551
27 944
28 337
24 801
25 194
25 587
25 980
26 373
22 840
23 232
23 624
24 016
24 409
-7
20 885
21 276
21 667
22 058
22 449
(continued)
30 729
31 120
31 512
31 903
32 293
28 769
29 161
29 553
29 945
30 337
26 805
27 198
27 591
27 983
28 376
24 841
25 233
25 625
26 019
26 412
22 879
23 271
23 663
24 056
24 448
-8
20 925
21 315
21 706
22 097
22 488
30 768
31 160
31 551
31 942
32 332
28 808
29 200
29 592
29 985
30 378
26 844
27 237
27 630
28 023
28 415
24 880
25 273
25 666
26 058
26 541
22 919
23 311
23 703
24 095
24 487
-9
20 984
21 354
21 745
22 136
22 527
850
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
33
34
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
41
42
42
43
43
40
40
40
41
41
38
38
38
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
976
352
727
101
474
087
466
845
223
600
179
562
944
326
706
256
641
027
411
795
319
707
095
482
869
0
371
761
151
541
930
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
40
41
41
38
38
38
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
34
34
35
35
35
32
32
33
33
33
014
390
764
138
511
125
504
683
260
638
217
600
982
364
744
294
680
065
450
834
358
746
134
521
908
-1
410
800
190
580
969
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
40
41
41
38
38
39
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
34
34
35
35
35
32
32
33
33
34
052
427
802
176
549
163
542
920
298
675
256
638
020
402
783
333
718
104
488
872
396
785
172
560
946
-2
449
839
229
619
008
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
40
41
41
38
38
39
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
34
34
35
35
35
32
32
33
33
34
089
465
839
213
586
201
580
958
336
713
294
677
059
440
821
371
757
142
527
911
435
823
211
598
985
-3
488
878
268
658
047
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
40
41
41
38
38
39
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
34
34
35
35
36
32
32
33
33
34
127
502
877
250
623
238
618
996
374
751
332
715
097
478
859
410
796
181
565
949
474
862
250
637
024
E/V
-4
527
917
307
697
086
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
41
41
41
38
38
39
39
39
36
36
37
37
37
34
34
35
35
36
32
32
33
33
34
164
540
914
288
660
276
655
034
411
788
370
753
135
516
897
449
834
219
603
967
513
901
289
676
062
-5
566
956
346
736
124
42
42
42
43
43
40
40
41
41
41
38
38
39
39
39
36
36
37
37
38
34
34
35
35
36
32
32
33
33
34
202
577
951
325
698
314
693
072
449
826
409
791
173
554
935
487
873
258
642
026
552
940
327
714
101
-6
605
995
385
774
163
42 239
42 614
42 989
43 362
43 735
40 352
40 731
41 109
41 487
41 864
38 447
38 829
39 211
39 592
39 973
36 526
36 911
37 296
37 680
38 064
34 591
34 979
35 366
35 753
36 140
-7
32 644
33 034
33 424
33 813
34 202
Nickel-chromium-silicon/nickel-silicon
(continued)
Type N
000
010
020
030
040
34
34
35
35
35
950
960
970
980
990
1
1
1
1
1
32
32
33
33
33
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
Nickel-chromium-silicon/nickelsilicon (continued)
Type N:
42 277
42 652
43 026
43 399
43 772
40 390
40 769
41 147
41 525
41 901
38 485
38 868
39 249
39 630
40 011
36 564
36 950
37 334
37 719
38 102
34 629
35 017
35 405
35 792
36 178
-8
32 683
33 073
33 463
33 852
34 241
42 314
42 689
43 064
43 437
43 809
40 428
40 807
41 185
41 562
41 939
38 524
38 906
39 287
39 668
40 049
36 603
36 988
37 373
37 757
38 141
34 668
35 056
35 444
35 831
36 217
-9
32 722
33 112
33 502
33 891
34 280
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
35
43
44
44
44
45
45
46
46
46
47
47
0
846
218
588
958
326
694
060
425
789
152
513
43
44
44
44
45
45
46
46
46
47
-1
884
255
625
995
363
731
097
462
826
188
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
-2
921
292
662
032
400
767
133
498
862
224
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
-3
958
329
699
069
437
804
170
535
898
260
43
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
E/V
-4
995
366
736
105
474
841
207
571
935
296
44
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
46
47
-5
032
403
773
142
510
877
243
608
971
333
44
44
44
45
45
45
46
46
47
47
-6
069
440
810
179
547
914
280
644
007
369
-7
44 106
44 477
44 847
45 216
45 584
45 951
46 316
46 680
47 043
47 405
N: Nickel-chromium-silicon/nickel-silicon
Type N
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
1 300
Nickel-chromium-silicon/nickel-silicon
Type
-8
44 144
44 514
44 884
45 253
45 621
45 987
46 353
46 717
47 079
47 441
-9
44 181
44 551
44 921
45 290
45 657
46 024
46 389
46 753
47 116
47 477
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
1 300
35
36
-4
-4
-3
-3
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1 475
-1 121
-757
-383
0
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
118
818
507
186
853
443
202
949
684
407
456
279
089
886
671
-1 510
-1 157
-794
-421
-39
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-3
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
114
017
901
767
619
148
849
539
218
887
466
226
975
711
435
473
297
109
907
693
122
028
914
782
634
-1 545
-1 192
-830
-459
-77
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-3
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
-6 239
-6 193
-6 236
-6 187
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
-2
-1
-3
177
879
571
251
920
489
251
000
738
463
489
316
128
928
715
130
038
926
795
650
-1 579
-1 228
-867
-496
-116
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
206
910
602
283
954
512
275
026
765
491
506
334
148
949
737
138
049
938
809
665
-1 614
-1 264
-904
-534
-154
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
-6 245
-6 204
E/V
-4
235
940
633
316
987
535
300
052
791
519
523
351
167
969
759
146
059
950
823
680
-1 648
-1 299
-940
-571
-193
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
-6 248
-6 209
-5
-6
264
970
664
348
021
558
324
077
818
547
539
369
186
989
780
153
068
962
836
695
-1 663
-1 335
-976
-808
-231
-3
-2
-2
-2
-2
-4
-4
-4
-3
-3
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
-6 251
-6 214
Type T: Copper/copper-nickel
Type T
-6 242
-6 198
089
788
476
153
819
419
177
923
657
379
439
261
070
865
648
-5
-5
-5
-4
-4
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
105
007
888
753
603
-6
-6
-5
-5
-5
0
-6 258
-6 232
-6 180
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
Copper/copper-nickel
-1 717
-1 370
-1 013
-646
-269
-3 293
-3 000
-2 695
-2 380
-2 054
-4 581
-4 348
-4 102
-3 844
-3 574
-5 555
-5 387
-5 205
-5 010
-4 802
-6 160
-6 078
-5 973
-5 850
-5 710
-6 253
-6 219
-7
-1 751
-1 405
-1 049
-683
-307
-3 322
-3 030
-2 726
-2 412
-2 087
-4 604
-4 372
-4 127
-3 871
-3 602
-5 571
-5 404
-5 224
-5 030
-4 823
-6 167
-6 087
-5 985
-5 863
-5 724
-6 255
-6 223
-8
-1 785
-1 440
-1 085
-720
-345
-3 350
-3 059
-2 757
-2 444
-2 120
-4 626
-4 395
-4 152
-3 897
-3 629
-5 587
-5 421
-5 242
-5 050
-4 844
-6 174
-6 096
-5 996
-5 876
-5 739
-6 256
-6 228
-9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
37
38
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
12
12
13
13
14
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
013
574
139
709
283
288
822
362
907
458
704
209
720
237
759
279
750
228
714
206
036
468
908
358
814
754
260
771
289
812
325
798
277
763
255
079
512
953
403
860
12
12
13
13
14
069
630
196
766
341
9 341
9 874
10 417
10 962
11 513
6
7
7
8
8
4
4
5
5
6
2
2
2
3
3
-1
39
431
830
1 238
1 654
805
310
823
341
865
372
845
325
812
305
122
556
998
448
907
12
12
13
13
14
125
687
253
823
399
9 395
9 930
10 471
11 017
11 569
6
7
7
8
8
4
4
5
5
6
2
2
2
3
3
-2
78
470
870
1 279
1 696
855
361
874
393
917
419
893
373
861
355
165
600
043
494
953
12
12
13
13
14
181
743
310
881
456
9 448
9 984
10 525
11 072
11 624
6
7
7
8
8
4
4
5
5
6
2
2
3
3
3
-3
117
510
911
1 320
1 738
905
412
926
445
970
466
941
422
910
404
208
643
087
539
999
12
12
13
13
14
237
799
366
938
514
9 501
10 038
10 580
11 127
11 680
6
7
7
8
8
4
4
5
5
6
2
2
3
3
3
E/V
-4
156
549
951
1 362
1 780
956
463
977
497
023
513
988
470
959
454
251
587
132
585
046
12
12
13
13
14
293
856
423
995
572
9 555
10 092
10 634
11 182
11 735
6
7
7
8
9
4
4
5
5
5
2
2
3
3
4
-5
195
589
992
1 403
1 823
008
515
029
550
076
561
036
519
008
504
294
732
177
631
092
12
12
13
14
14
349
912
480
053
630
9 606
10 146
10 689
11 237
11 791
7
7
8
8
9
4
5
5
6
6
2
2
3
3
4
-6
234
629
1 033
1 445
1 865
(continued)
Type T
2
2
2
3
3
0
0
391
790
1 196
1 612
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
Copper/copper-nickel (continued)
12 405
12 969
13 537
14 110
14 688
9 662
10 200
10 743
11 292
11 846
7 057
7 566
8 081
8 802
9 129
4 608
5 084
5 567
6 057
6 554
2 338
2 776
3 222
3 677
4 138
-7
273
669
1 074
1 486
1 908
12 461
13 026
13 595
14 168
14 746
9 715
10 254
10 798
11 347
11 902
7 107
7 617
8 133
8 654
9 182
4 655
5 132
5 616
6 107
6 604
2 381
2 820
3 267
3 722
4 185
-8
312
709
1 114
1 528
1 950
12 518
13 082
13 652
14 226
14 804
9 769
10 308
10 853
11 403
11 958
7 158
7 668
8 185
8 707
9 235
4 702
5 180
5 665
6 156
6 654
2 425
2 864
3 312
3 768
4 232
-9
352
749
1 165
1 570
1 993
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
37
38
17
18
19
19
20
20 872
350
360
370
380
390
400
17
18
19
19
20
14
15
16
16
17
879
483
091
702
317
-1
920
503
091
683
279
17
18
19
19
20
14
15
16
16
17
939
543
152
763
378
-2
978
562
150
742
339
17
18
19
19
20
15
15
16
16
17
999
604
213
825
440
-3
036
621
209
802
399
18
18
19
19
20
15
15
16
16
17
060
665
274
886
502
E/V
-4
095
679
268
861
458
18
18
19
19
20
15
15
16
16
17
120
725
335
947
563
-5
153
738
327
921
518
18
18
19
20
20
15
15
16
16
17
180
786
396
009
625
-6
211
797
387
980
578
(concluded)
Type T
819
422
030
641
255
14
15
16
16
17
0
862
445
032
624
219
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
Copper/copper-nickel(concluded)
18 241
18 847
19 457
20 070
20 687
-7
15 270
15 856
16 446
17 040
17 638
18 301
18 908
19 518
20 132
20 748
-8
15 328
15 914
16 505
17 100
17 698
18 362
18 969
19 579
20 193
20 810
-9
15 386
15 973
16 564
17 159
17 759
400
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
39
-6
-6
-6
-5
-5
-4
-4
-3
-3
-2
-2 255
-1 709
-1 152
-582
0
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
824
350
861
357
840
945
556
149
724
282
588
303
995
666
315
-2 309
-1 765
-1 208
-639
-59
-4
-4
-3
-3
-2
-6
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-7
-7
-7
617
471
293
085
850
871
398
911
408
892
983
596
191
767
327
616
333
027
700
351
630
487
313
107
874
-2 362
-1 820
-1 264
-697
-117
-4
-4
-3
-3
-2
-6
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-7
-7
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-9 808
-9 737
-9 802
-9 728
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-2
-1
917
446
960
459
944
021
636
232
810
372
643
362
059
733
387
642
503
331
129
899
-2 416
-1 874
-1 320
-764
-176
-4
-4
-3
-3
-2
-7
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-7
-7
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-9 813
-9 746
-3
963
494
009
510
996
058
675
273
853
417
669
391
090
767
423
654
519
350
151
923
-2 469
-1 929
-1 376
-811
-234
-4
-4
-4
-3
-2
-7
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-7
-7
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-9 817
-9 754
E/V
-4
009
542
058
561
048
096
714
314
896
461
696
420
121
800
458
666
534
368
172
947
-2 523
-1 984
-1 432
-868
-292
-5
-4
-4
-3
-3
-7
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-7
-7
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-9 821
-9 762
-5
055
589
107
611
100
133
753
355
939
505
722
449
152
833
493
677
548
386
193
971
-2 576
-2 038
-1 488
-925
-350
-5
-4
-4
-3
-3
-7
-6
-6
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-7
-7
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
-9 825
-9 770
-6
Type E: Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel
Type E
777
302
811
306
787
907
516
107
681
237
561
273
963
632
279
-8
-8
-7
-7
-7
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
604
455
274
063
825
-9
-9
-9
-9
-8
0
-9 835
-9 797
-9 718
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel
-2 629
-2 083
-1 543
-982
-408
-5 101
-4 636
-4 156
-3 661
-3 152
-7 170
-6 792
-6 396
-5 981
-5 549
-8 748
-8 477
-8 183
-7 866
-7 528
-9 688
-9 563
-9 404
-9 214
-8 994
-9 828
-9 777
-7
-2 682
-2 147
-1 599
-1 039
-466
-5 147
-4 684
-4 205
-3 711
-3 204
-7 206
-6 831
-6 436
-6 023
-5 593
-8 774
-8 505
-8 213
-7 899
-7 563
-9 698
-9 577
-9 421
-9 234
-9 017
-9 831
-9 784
-8
-2 735
-2 201
-1 654
-1 095
-524
-5 192
-4 731
-4 254
-3 761
-3 255
-7 243
-6 669
-6 476
-6 065
-5 637
-8 799
-8 533
-8 243
-7 931
-7 597
-9 709
-9 591
-9 438
-9 254
-9 040
-9 833
-9 790
-9
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-240
-230
-220
-210
-200
T90/C
-270
-260
-250
39
40
6
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
20
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
181
945
713
484
259
421
164
912
684
420
789
503
224
951
684
319
998
685
379
061
048
685
330
985
648
386
065
754
449
151
111
749
395
051
714
17
18
18
19
20
13
14
14
15
16
257
021
790
561
336
495
239
987
739
496
9 860
10 575
11 297
12 024
12 757
6
7
7
8
9
3
3
4
5
5
-1
59
651
1 252
1 862
2 482
17
18
18
19
20
13
14
15
15
16
333
098
867
639
414
569
313
062
815
572
9 931
10 647
11 369
12 097
12 831
3 174
3 813
4 480
5 117
5 781
6 454
7 135
7 823
8 519
9 222
-2
118
711
1 313
1 924
2 545
522
203
892
589
292
238
877
526
183
848
17
18
18
19
20
13
14
15
15
16
409
175
944
716
492
644
388
137
890
648
10 003
10 719
11 442
12 170
12 904
6
7
7
8
9
3
3
4
5
5
-3
176
770
1 373
1 986
2 607
590
272
962
659
363
301
942
591
249
915
17
18
19
19
20
13
14
15
15
16
486
252
021
794
559
718
463
212
966
724
10 074
10 791
11 514
12 243
12 978
6
7
7
8
9
3
3
4
5
5
E/V
-4
235
830
1 434
2 047
2 670
658
341
031
729
434
365
008
656
315
982
17
18
19
19
20
13
14
15
16
16
562
328
098
871
647
792
537
287
041
800
10 145
10 863
11 587
12 317
13 052
6
7
8
8
9
3
4
4
5
5
-5
294
890
1 495
2 109
2 733
725
409
101
799
505
429
071
722
382
049
17
18
19
19
20
13
14
15
16
16
639
405
175
948
725
866
612
362
117
878
10 217
10 935
11 660
12 390
13 128
6
7
8
8
9
3
4
4
5
6
-6
354
950
1 556
2 171
2 795
17 715
18 482
19 252
20 026
20 803
13 941
14 687
15 438
16 193
16 952
10 288
11 007
11 733
12 463
13 199
6 794
7 476
8 170
8 869
9 576
3 492
4 136
4 788
5 448
6 117
-7
413
1 010
1 617
2 233
2 858
Nickel-chromic acid/copper-nickel
(continued)
Type E
3
3
4
4
5
0
0
591
1 192
1 801
2 420
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
Nickel- chroomzuur/copper-nickel(Continued)
Type E:
17 792
18 559
19 330
20 103
20 880
14 015
14 762
15 513
16 269
17 028
10 360
11 080
11 805
12 537
13 273
6 862
7 547
8 240
8 940
9 647
3 556
4 200
4 853
5 514
6 184
-8
472
1 071
1 678
2 295
2 921
17 868
18 636
19 407
20 181
20 958
14 090
14 837
15 588
16 344
17 104
10 432
11 152
11 878
12 610
13 347
6 930
7 616
8 308
9 010
9 718
3 620
4 265
4 919
5 581
6 251
-9
532
1 131
1 740
2 357
2 984
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
41
42
24
25
26
27
28
28
29
30
31
32
32
33
34
35
36
37
37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43
44
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
053
862
671
479
286
005
815
624
434
243
965
772
579
387
196
946
747
550
354
159
964
757
552
348
146
0
036
817
600
386
174
41
41
42
43
44
37
37
38
39
40
33
33
34
35
36
29
29
30
31
32
25
25
26
27
28
21
21
22
23
24
134
943
751
560
367
086
896
705
515
324
045
852
660
466
277
026
827
630
434
239
044
836
631
428
226
-1
114
895
678
464
253
41
42
42
43
44
37
37
38
39
40
33
33
34
35
36
29
29
30
31
32
25
25
26
27
28
21
21
22
23
24
215
024
832
640
448
167
977
786
596
405
126
933
741
549
358
106
908
711
515
320
123
916
711
507
306
-2
192
973
757
543
332
41
42
42
43
44
37
38
38
39
40
33
34
34
35
36
29
29
30
31
32
25
25
26
27
28
21
22
22
23
24
296
105
913
721
529
248
058
867
677
486
207
014
822
630
439
186
988
791
595
400
202
995
790
587
386
-3
270
051
835
622
411
41
42
42
43
44
37
38
38
39
40
33
34
34
35
36
29
30
30
31
32
25
26
26
27
28
21
22
22
23
24
377
185
994
802
609
329
139
948
758
567
287
095
902
711
520
268
068
871
676
481
281
075
870
667
466
E/V
-4
348
130
914
701
490
41
42
43
43
44
37
38
39
39
40
33
34
34
35
36
29
30
30
31
32
25
26
26
27
28
21
22
22
23
24
457
266
075
883
690
410
220
029
839
648
368
175
983
792
601
346
148
952
756
562
360
154
950
747
546
-5
426
208
993
780
569
41
42
43
43
44
37
38
39
39
40
33
34
35
35
36
29
30
31
31
32
25
26
27
27
28
21
22
23
23
24
538
347
156
963
771
491
300
110
920
729
449
256
064
873
682
427
229
032
837
842
440
233
029
827
626
-6
504
286
071
858
648
41 619
42 428
43 236
44 044
44 851
37 572
38 381
39 191
40 001
40 810
33 529
34 337
35 145
35 954
36 763
29 507
30 309
31 112
31 917
32 723
25 519
26 313
27 109
27 907
28 706
-7
21 582
22 365
23 150
23 937
24 727
E: Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel
(continued)
Type E
21
21
22
23
24
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel(continued)
Type
41 700
42 509
43 317
44 125
44 932
37 653
38 462
39 272
40 062
40 891
33 610
34 418
35 226
36 034
36 843
26 587
30 389
31 193
31 998
32 803
25 598
26 392
27 189
27 986
28 786
-8
21 660
22 443
23 226
24 016
24 806
41 781
42 590
43 398
44 206
45 013
37 734
38 543
39 353
40 163
40 972
33 691
34 498
35 307
36 115
36 924
29 667
30 470
31 273
32 078
32 884
25 678
26 472
27 268
28 066
28 866
-9
21 739
22 522
23 307
24 095
24 885
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
41
42
49
49
50
51
52
53
53
54
55
56
57
57
58
59
60
61
61
62
63
64
64
65
66
67
68
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
922
698
473
246
017
017
801
583
364
144
080
870
659
446
232
112
908
703
497
289
116
917
718
517
315
0
093
900
705
509
313
65
65
66
67
68
61
61
62
63
64
57
57
58
59
60
53
53
54
55
56
49
49
50
51
52
45
45
46
47
48
000
776
550
323
094
096
879
662
442
222
159
949
738
525
311
192
988
782
576
368
196
997
798
597
395
-1
174
980
785
590
393
65
65
66
67
68
61
61
62
63
64
57
58
68
59
60
53
54
54
55
56
49
50
50
51
52
45
46
46
47
48
077
853
628
400
171
174
958
740
520
300
238
028
816
604
390
272
067
862
655
447
276
077
878
677
475
-2
255
061
866
670
474
65
65
66
67
68
61
62
62
63
64
57
58
58
59
60
53
54
54
55
56
49
50
50
51
52
45
46
46
47
48
155
931
705
478
248
253
036
818
598
377
317
107
895
682
468
351
147
941
734
526
356
157
958
757
555
-3
335
141
946
751
554
65
66
66
67
68
61
62
62
63
64
57
58
58
59
60
53
54
55
55
56
49
50
51
51
52
45
46
47
47
48
233
008
782
555
325
331
114
896
676
556
396
186
974
761
547
431
226
021
814
606
436
238
038
837
634
E/V
-4
416
222
027
831
634
65
66
66
67
68
61
62
62
63
64
57
58
59
59
60
53
54
55
55
56
49
50
51
51
52
45
46
47
47
48
310
086
660
632
402
409
192
974
754
533
475
265
053
839
625
510
306
100
893
685
517
318
118
916
714
-5
497
302
107
911
715
65
66
66
67
68
61
62
63
63
64
57
58
59
59
60
53
54
55
55
56
49
50
51
51
52
45
46
47
47
48
388
163
837
709
479
488
271
052
832
611
554
343
131
918
704
580
385
179
972
764
597
398
197
996
794
-6
577
383
188
992
795
65 465
66 241
67 014
67 786
68 556
61 566
62 349
63 130
63 910
64 689
57 633
58 422
59 210
59 997
60 782
53 670
54 465
56 259
56 051
56 843
49 677
50 478
51 277
52 076
52 873
-7
45 658
46 463
47 268
48 072
48 875
(continued)
Type E
45
45
46
47
48
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel (continued)
Type
65 543
66 318
67 092
67 863
68 633
61 644
62 427
63 208
63 988
64 766
57 712
58 501
59 289
60 075
60 860
53 749
54 544
55 338
56 131
56 922
49 757
50 556
51 357
52 156
52 953
-8
45 736
46 544
47 349
48 152
48 955
65 621
66 396
67 169
67 940
68 710
61 723
62 505
63 286
64 066
64 844
57 791
58 580
59 367
60 154
60 939
53 829
54 624
55 417
56 210
57 001
49 837
50 638
51 437
52 236
53 033
-9
45 819
46 624
47 429
48 233
49 035
850
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
43
603
360
115
869
621
0
787
554
319
062
844
72
73
74
74
75
68
69
70
71
71
678
435
190
944
696
-1
863
631
396
159
920
72
73
74
75
75
68
69
70
71
71
754
511
266
019
771
-2
940
707
472
235
996
72
73
74
75
75
69
69
70
71
72
830
586
341
095
847
-3
017
784
548
311
072
72
73
74
75
75
69
69
70
71
72
906
662
417
170
922
E/V
-4
094
860
625
387
147
72
73
74
75
75
981
738
492
245
997
-5
69 171
69 937
70 701
71 463
72 223
73
73
74
75
76
057
813
567
320
072
-6
69 247
70 013
70 777
71 539
72 299
73 133
73 889
74 643
75 395
76 147
-7
69 324
70 090
70 854
71 615
72 375
(concluded)
Type E
76 373
72
73
74
74
75
950
960
970
980
990
1000
68
69
70
71
71
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
Nickel-chromium/copper-nickel( concluded)
Type
73 208
73 964
74 718
75 471
76 223
-8
69 401
70 166
70 930
71 692
72 451
73 284
74 040
74 793
75 546
76 298
-9
69 477
70 243
71 006
71 768
72 527
1 000
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
43
44
295
363
431
501
573
647
723
800
879
959
041
124
208
294
381
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
933
027
121
217
313
477
567
667
748
840
665
731
808
887
967
049
132
217
303
389
303
369
438
508
581
-1
5
60
117
177
239
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
942
036
131
226
223
486
575
666
757
849
662
738
816
895
976
058
141
225
311
398
310
376
445
516
588
-2
11
65
123
183
245
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
951
046
140
236
333
495
584
675
766
858
670
746
824
903
934
066
149
234
320
407
316
383
452
523
595
-3
16
71
129
189
251
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
961
055
150
246
342
504
593
684
775
868
677
754
832
911
992
074
158
242
329
416
323
390
459
530
603
E/V
-4
21
77
135
195
258
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
970
064
159
255
352
513
602
693
784
877
685
761
839
919
000
082
166
251
337
425
329
397
466
537
610
-5
27
82
141
201
264
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
980
074
169
265
362
522
611
702
794
886
693
769
847
927
008
091
175
260
346
433
336
403
473
544
618
-6
32
88
147
207
271
1 989
2 083
2 179
2 275
2 371
1 531
1 620
1 711
1 803
1 895
700
777
855
935
1 016
1 099
1 183
1 268
1 355
1 442
343
410
480
552
625
-7
38
94
153
214
277
R: Platinum-13% thorium/platinum
(continued)
Type R
923
017
112
207
304
469
558
648
739
831
0
0
54
111
171
232
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
Platium- 13% thorium/platium (continued)

Type
1 998
2 093
2 188
2 284
2 381
1 540
1 629
1 720
1 812
1 905
708
785
863
843
1 025
1 107
1 191
1 277
1 363
1 451
349
417
487
559
632
-8
43
100
159
220
284
2 008
2 102
2 198
2 294
2 391
1 549
1 639
1 729
1 821
1 914
715
792
871
951
1 033
1 116
1 200
1 285
1 372
1 460
356
424
494
566
640
-9
49
105
165
226
290
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
45
46
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
021
133
245
357
470
471
580
690
800
910
933
040
147
255
363
408
512
616
721
827
896
997
099
201
304
0
401
498
597
696
796
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
033
144
256
369
481
482
591
701
811
922
944
050
158
265
373
418
522
627
732
838
906
007
109
212
315
-1
410
508
607
706
806
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
044
155
267
380
493
493
602
712
822
953
954
061
168
276
384
428
533
637
742
848
916
018
119
222
325
-2
420
518
617
716
816
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
055
166
279
391
504
504
613
723
833
944
965
072
179
287
395
439
543
648
753
859
926
028
130
232
335
-3
430
528
626
726
826
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
066
178
290
402
515
515
624
734
844
955
976
083
190
298
406
449
553
658
784
869
937
038
140
242
346
E/V
-4
440
538
636
736
836
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
077
189
301
414
527
526
635
745
835
966
988
093
201
309
417
460
564
669
774
880
947
048
150
253
356
-5
449
547
646
746
846
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
088
200
312
425
538
537
646
756
866
977
997
104
211
319
428
470
574
679
785
891
957
058
160
263
366
-6
459
557
656
756
856
5 099
5 211
5 323
5 436
5 549
4 548
4 657
4 767
4 877
4 988
4 008
4 115
4 222
4 330
4 439
3 480
3 585
3 690
3 795
3 901
2 967
3 068
3 171
3 273
3 377
-7
2 469
2 567
2 666
2 766
2 866
R: Platinum13 % thorium/platinum
(continued)
Type R
2
2
2
2
2
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
Platinum 13 % thorium/platium/ (continued)

Type
5 111
5 222
5 335
5 448
5 591
4 558
4 668
4 778
4 888
4 999
4 018
4 125
4 233
4 341
4 449
3 491
3 595
3 700
3 808
3 912
2 977
3 079
3 181
3 284
3 387
-8
2 479
2 577
2 676
2 776
2 876
5 122
5 234
5 346
5 459
5 572
4 569
4 679
4 789
4 899
5 010
4 029
4 136
4 244
4 352
4 460
3 501
3 606
3 711
3 816
3 922
2 987
2 089
3 191
3 294
3 397
-9
2 488
2 587
2 686
2 786
2 886
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
45
46
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
571
697
823
950
077
950
073
197
321
446
340
461
583
705
827
743
861
980
100
220
157
273
390
507
625
0
583
697
812
926
041
8
8
8
8
9
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
584
710
836
963
090
962
066
208
334
459
352
473
595
717
839
755
873
992
112
232
169
285
402
519
636
-1
595
709
823
938
053
8
8
8
8
9
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
597
722
849
975
103
974
088
222
346
471
364
485
607
729
851
766
885
004
124
244
180
297
413
531
648
-2
606
720
834
949
065
8
8
8
8
9
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
609
735
861
988
115
967
110
234
369
484
376
498
619
741
864
778
897
016
138
256
192
308
425
542
660
-3
618
731
846
961
076
8
8
8
9
9
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
622
748
874
001
128
999
123
247
371
496
389
510
631
753
876
790
909
028
148
268
204
320
437
554
672
E/V
-4
629
743
857
972
088
8
8
8
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
634
760
887
014
141
011
135
259
384
509
401
522
644
766
888
802
921
040
160
280
215
332
448
566
684
-5
640
754
869
984
099
8
8
8
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
847
773
899
026
154
024
147
272
396
521
413
534
656
778
901
814
933
052
172
292
227
343
460
578
695
-6
652
766
880
995
111
8 659
8 785
8 912
9 039
9 167
8 036
8 160
8 284
8 409
8 534
7 425
7 546
7 668
7 790
7 913
6 826
6 945
7 064
7 184
7 304
6 238
6 355
6 472
6 589
6 707
-7
5 663
5 777
5 892
6 007
6 122
R: Platinum13% rhodium/platinum
(continued)
Type R
5
5
5
5
6
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
Platinum 13% rhodium/platinum (continued)

Type
8 672
8 798
8 925
9 052
9 179
8 048
8 172
8 296
8 421
8 546
7 437
7 558
7 680
7 802
7 925
6 838
6 956
7 076
7 196
7 316
6 250
6 367
6 484
6 601
6 719
-8
5 674
5 789
5 903
6 018
6 134
8 685
8 811
8 937
9 065
9 192
8 081
8 185
8 309
8 434
8 559
7 449
7 570
7 692
7 815
7 938
6 849
6 968
7 088
7 208
7 328
6 262
6 378
6 495
6 613
6 731
-9
5 686
5 800
5 915
6 030
6 146
850
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
47
48
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
12
12
12
13
11
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
535
673
812
950
089
850
986
123
260
397
173
307
442
678
714
506
638
771
905
039
850
980
111
242
374
0
205
333
461
590
720
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
549
687
825
964
103
863
000
137
274
411
186
321
456
591
727
519
652
785
918
052
9 863
9 993
10 124
10 255
10 387
9
9
9
9
9
-1
218
346
474
603
733
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
563
701
839
978
117
877
013
150
288
425
200
334
469
605
741
532
665
798
932
065
9 876
10 008
10 137
10 268
10 400
9
9
9
9
9
-2
230
359
487
616
746
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
577
715
853
992
131
891
027
164
301
439
213
348
483
618
754
546
678
811
945
079
9 889
10 019
10 150
10 282
10 413
9
9
9
9
9
-3
243
371
500
629
759
12
12
12
13
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
590
729
867
006
145
904
041
178
315
453
227
361
498
632
768
559
692
825
958
092
9 902
10 032
10 163
10 295
10 427
9
9
9
9
9
E/V
-4
256
384
513
642
772
-5
269
397
526
655
785
12
12
12
13
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
604
742
881
019
158
918
054
191
329
466
240
375
510
646
782
572
705
838
972
106
9 915
10 046
10 177
10 308
10 440
9
9
9
9
9
-6
282
410
539
668
798
12
12
12
13
13
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
11
618
756
895
033
172
931
068
205
342
480
253
388
524
659
795
585
718
851
965
119
9 928
10 059
10 190
10 321
10 453
9
9
9
9
9
12 632
12 770
12 909
13 047
13 186
11 945
12 082
12 219
12 356
12 494
11 267
11 402
11 537
11 573
11 809
10 599
10 731
10 865
10 998
11 132
9 941
10 072
10 203
10 334
10 466
-7
9 294
9 423
9 552
9 681
9 811
(continued)
Type R
000
010
020
030
040
9
9
10
10
10
950
960
970
980
990
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940

Type
12 646
12 784
12 922
13 061
13 200
11 959
12 096
12 233
12 370
12 508
11 280
11 415
11 551
11 686
11 822
10 612
10 745
10 878
11 012
11 146
9 954
10 085
10 216
10 347
10 480
-8
9 307
9 436
9 565
9 694
9 824
12 659
12 798
12 936
13 075
13 214
11 972
12 109
12 246
12 384
12 521
11 294
11 429
11 564
11 700
11 836
10 625
10 758
10 891
11 025
11 159
9 967
10 098
10 229
10 361
10 493
-9
9 320
9 449
9 578
9 707
9 837
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
47
48
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 380
1 390
1 400
1 410
1 420
1 430
1 440
1 450
1 460
1 470
1 480
1 490
748
887
028
169
310
040
181
323
464
605
334
475
616
758
899
629
770
911
052
193
926
066
207
347
488
0
228
367
608
646
786
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
760
901
042
183
324
054
196
337
478
619
348
489
630
772
913
643
784
925
066
207
940
081
221
361
502
-1
242
381
521
660
800
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
774
915
056
197
336
068
210
351
492
633
362
503
645
786
927
657
798
939
080
221
954
095
235
375
516
-2
256
395
535
674
814
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
789
930
071
211
352
082
224
365
506
647
376
517
659
800
940
671
812
953
094
235
968
109
249
390
530
-3
270
409
549
688
828
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
803
944
085
225
366
097
238
379
520
662
390
531
673
814
955
685
826
967
108
249
982
123
263
404
544
E/V
-4
284
423
563
702
842
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
817
958
099
240
380
111
252
393
534
676
404
546
687
828
969
699
840
981
122
263
996
137
277
418
558
-5
298
437
577
716
856
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
831
972
113
254
394
125
266
407
549
690
419
560
701
842
984
713
854
995
136
277
010
151
291
432
572
-6
311
451
590
730
870
16 845
16 986
17 127
17 268
17 408
16 139
16 280
16 422
16 563
16 704
15 433
15 574
15 715
15 856
15 998
14 727
14 868
15 009
15 150
15 291
14 024
14 165
14 305
14 446
14 586
-7
13 325
13 465
13 604
13 744
13 884
(continued)
Type R
13
13
13
13
13
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240

Type
16 859
17 000
17 141
17 252
17 423
16 153
16 294
16 436
16 577
16 718
15 447
15 588
15 729
15 871
16 012
14 741
14 882
15 023
15 164
15 306
14 038
14 179
14 319
14 460
14 601
-8
13 339
13 479
13 618
13 758
13 898
16 873
17 014
17 155
17 296
17 437
16 167
16 309
16 450
16 591
16 732
15 461
15 602
15 743
15 885
16 026
14 755
14 896
15 037
15 179
15 320
14 052
14 193
14 333
14 474
14 615
-9
13 353
13 493
13 632
13 772
13 945
1 450
1 460
1 470
1 480
1 490
1 400
1 410
1 420
1 430
1 440
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 380
1 390
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
49
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
222
356
488
620
749
540
677
814
951
067
20 877
21 003
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
849
988
126
264
402
152
292
431
571
710
0
451
591
732
872
012
235
369
502
633
762
554
691
828
964
100
863
002
140
278
416
166
306
445
585
724
20 890
21 015
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
-1
465
605
746
886
026
249
382
515
646
775
567
705
841
978
114
877
015
154
292
430
180
320
459
699
738
20 902
21 027
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
-2
479
619
760
900
040
262
396
528
659
788
561
718
855
992
127
891
029
168
306
444
194
334
473
613
752
20 915
21 040
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
-3
493
633
774
914
054
275
409
541
672
801
595
732
869
005
141
904
043
181
319
457
208
348
487
627
786
20 928
21 052
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
E/V
-4
507
647
788
928
068
289
422
554
685
813
609
746
882
019
154
918
057
195
333
471
222
362
501
640
779
-5
521
661
802
942
082
20 940
21 065
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
302
436
567
598
826
622
759
896
032
168
932
071
209
347
485
236
376
515
654
793
-6
535
676
816
956
096
20 953
21 077
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
20
20
18
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
18
20 965
21 089
20 316
20 449
20 581
20 711
20 839
19 636
19 773
19 910
20 046
20 181
18 946
19 085
19 223
19 361
19 499
18 250
18 390
18 529
18 668
18 807
-7
17 549
17 690
17 830
17 970
18 110
(continued)
Type R
1 750
1 760
18
18
18
18
18
550
560
570
580
590
1
1
1
1
1
18
18
19
19
19
17
17
17
17
18
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
Platinum 13% rhodium/platinum (concluded)

Type
20 978
21 101
20 329
20 462
20 594
20 724
20 652
19 650
19 787
19 923
20 060
20 195
18 960
19 098
19 237
19 375
19 512
18 264
18 404
18 543
18 682
18 821
-8
17 563
17 704
17 844
17 984
18 124
20 990
20 342
20 475
20 607
20 736
20 864
19 663
19 800
19 937
20 073
20 208
18 974
19 112
19 250
19 388
19 526
18 278
18 417
18 567
18 696
18 835
-9
17 577
17 718
17 858
17 998
18 138
1 750
1 760
1 700
1 710
1 720
1 730
1 740
1 650
1 660
1 670
1 680
1 690
1 600
1 610
1 620
1 630
1 640
1 550
1 560
1 570
1 580
1 590
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
49
50
299
365
433
502
573
646
720
795
872
950
029
110
191
273
357
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
882
971
061
151
241
449
534
620
707
794
037
118
199
282
365
653
727
803
880
658
305
372
440
509
580
-1
5
61
119
179
241
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
891
980
070
160
250
458
543
629
716
803
045
126
207
290
373
661
735
811
888
966
312
378
446
516
588
-2
11
67
125
185
248
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
900
989
078
169
259
466
551
638
724
812
053
134
216
296
382
668
743
818
896
974
319
385
453
523
595
-3
16
72
131
191
254
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
909
998
087
178
268
475
560
646
733
821
061
142
224
307
390
675
750
828
903
982
325
392
460
530
602
E/V
-4
22
78
137
197
260
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
918
007
096
187
277
483
569
655
742
829
069
150
232
315
399
683
758
834
911
990
332
399
467
538
609
-5
27
84
143
204
267
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
927
016
105
196
287
492
577
663
751
838
077
158
240
323
407
690
765
841
919
998
338
405
474
545
617
-6
33
90
149
210
273
1 936
2 025
2 114
2 205
2 296
1 500
1 586
1 672
1 759
1 847
1 085
1 167
1 249
1 332
1 415
698
773
849
927
1 006
345
412
481
552
624
-7
38
95
155
216
280
S: Platinum10% rhodium/platinum
(continued)
Type S
874
962
052
141
232
441
526
612
698
786
0
0
55
113
173
235
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40

Type
1 944
2 034
2 123
2 214
2 305
1 509
1 594
1 681
1 768
1 856
1 094
1 175
1 257
1 340
1 424
705
780
857
935
1 013
352
419
488
559
631
-8
44
101
161
222
286
1 953
2 043
2 132
2 223
2 314
1 517
1 603
1 690
1 777
1 865
1 102
1 183
1 265
1 348
1 432
713
788
865
942
1 021
358
426
495
566
639
-9
50
107
167
229
292
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
51
52
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
732
833
934
035
137
233
332
432
532
632
742
840
938
036
134
259
355
451
548
645
786
880
974
069
164
0
323
415
507
599
692
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
742
843
944
045
147
243
342
442
542
642
752
860
947
046
144
269
365
461
558
655
795
889
983
078
173
-1
332
424
516
609
702
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
752
853
954
055
157
253
352
452
552
652
762
859
957
058
154
279
374
471
567
664
805
899
993
088
183
-2
341
433
525
616
711
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
762
863
964
066
167
263
362
462
562
662
771
869
967
065
164
288
384
480
577
674
814
908
002
097
192
-3
350
442
534
627
720
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
772
873
974
076
178
273
372
472
572
672
781
879
977
075
174
298
394
490
587
684
823
917
012
107
202
E/V
-4
360
451
544
636
730
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
782
883
984
086
188
283
382
482
582
682
791
889
987
085
184
307
404
500
596
694
833
927
021
116
212
-5
369
461
553
646
739
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
793
893
995
096
198
293
392
492
592
692
801
898
997
095
194
317
413
509
606
703
842
836
031
126
221
-6
378
470
562
655
748
4 803
4 904
5 005
5 106
5 208
4 303
4 402
4 502
4 602
4 702
3 810
3 908
4 006
4 105
4 204
3 326
3 423
3 519
3 616
3 713
2 851
2 946
3 040
3 135
3 231
-7
2 387
2 479
2 571
2 664
2 758
(continued)
Type S
2
2
2
2
2
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340

Type
4 813
4 914
5 015
5 116
5 218
4 313
4 412
4 512
4 612
4 712
3 820
3 918
4 016
4 115
4 213
3 336
3 432
3 529
3 626
3 723
2 861
2 955
3 050
3 145
3 240
-8
2 396
2 488
2 581
2 674
2 767
4 823
4 924
5 025
5 127
5 228
4 323
4 422
4 522
4 622
4 722
3 830
3 928
4 026
4 125
4 223
3 346
3 442
3 538
3 635
3 732
2 870
2 965
3 059
3 154
3 250
-9
2 405
2 497
2 590
2 683
2 776
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
51
52
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
893
003
114
226
337
345
454
563
673
783
806
913
020
128
236
275
381
488
593
699
753
857
961
065
170
0
239
341
443
546
649
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
904
014
125
237
348
356
465
574
684
794
817
924
031
139
247
286
391
497
603
710
763
867
971
076
181
-1
249
351
454
567
660
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
915
026
137
248
380
367
476
585
695
805
827
934
042
150
258
296
402
508
614
720
774
878
982
086
191
-2
259
361
464
687
670
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
926
037
148
259
371
378
487
596
706
816
838
945
053
161
269
307
412
518
624
731
784
888
992
097
202
-3
269
372
474
577
680
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
5
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
937
048
159
270
382
388
497
607
717
827
849
956
084
172
280
317
423
529
635
742
794
898
003
107
212
E/V
-4
280
382
485
588
691
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
948
059
170
281
393
399
508
618
728
838
859
967
074
182
291
328
434
539
646
752
805
909
013
118
223
-5
290
392
495
698
701
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
959
070
181
293
404
410
519
629
739
849
870
977
085
193
302
338
444
550
656
763
815
919
024
128
233
-6
300
402
505
608
712
7 970
8 081
8 192
8 304
8 416
7 421
7 530
7 640
7 750
7 860
6 881
6 988
7 096
7 204
7 312
6 349
6 455
6 561
6 667
6 774
5 826
5 930
6 034
6 139
6 244
-7
5 310
5 413
5 515
5 618
5 722
(continued)
Type S
5
5
5
5
5
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640

Type
7 981
8 092
8 203
8 315
8 427
7 432
7 541
7 651
7 761
7 871
6 892
6 999
7 107
7 215
7 323
6 360
6 465
6 571
6 678
6 784
5 836
5 940
6 044
6 149
6 254
-8
5 320
5 423
5 526
5 629
5 732
7 992
8 103
8 214
8 326
8 438
7 443
7 552
7 662
7 772
7 882
6 902
7 010
7 117
7 226
7 334
6 370
6 476
6 582
6 688
6 795
5 846
5 950
6 055
6 160
6 265
-9
5 331
5 433
5 536
5 839
5 743
850
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
53
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
10
351
471
590
710
830
757
675
994
113
232
168
285
403
520
638
587
703
819
935
051
014
128
242
357
472
0
449
562
674
787
900
025
139
254
368
483
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
363
483
602
722
842
768
887
006
125
244
180
297
414
532
650
9 599
9 714
9 830
9 946
10 063
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
-1
460
573
685
798
912
037
151
265
380
495
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
375
495
614
734
854
780
899
017
136
256
191
309
426
544
662
9 610
9 726
9 842
9 958
10 076
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
-2
472
584
697
810
923
048
162
277
391
506
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
387
507
626
746
866
792
911
029
148
268
203
320
438
556
674
9 622
9 737
9 853
9 970
10 086
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
-3
483
595
708
821
935
060
174
288
403
518
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
399
519
638
758
878
804
922
041
160
280
215
332
450
567
688
9 633
9 749
9 865
9 981
10 098
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
E/V
-4
494
607
719
832
946
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
411
531
650
770
890
816
934
053
172
291
227
344
461
579
697
645
761
877
993
110
071
185
300
414
529
-5
505
618
731
844
957
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
423
542
662
782
902
828
946
065
184
303
238
356
473
591
709
656
772
888
005
121
082
197
311
426
541
-6
517
629
742
855
969
11 435
11 554
11 674
11 794
11 914
10 839
10 958
11 077
11 196
11 315
10 250
10 367
10 485
10 603
10 721
9 666
9 784
9 900
10 018
10 133
9 094
9 208
9 323
9 437
9 552
-7
8 528
8 640
8 753
8 866
8 980
(continued)
Type S
000
010
020
030
040
9
9
9
9
9
950
960
970
980
990
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
8
8
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940

Type
11 447
11 566
11 686
11 806
11 926
10 851
10 970
11 089
11 208
11 327
10 262
10 379
10 497
10 615
10 733
9 880
9 795
9 911
10 028
10 145
9 105
9 219
9 334
9 449
9 564
-8
8 539
8 652
8 765
8 878
8 991
11 459
11 578
11 698
11 818
11 939
10 863
10 982
11 101
11 220
11 339
10 273
10 391
10 509
10 626
10 745
9 691
9 807
9 923
10 040
10 156
9 117
9 231
9 345
9 460
9 576
-9
8 550
8 663
8 776
8 889
9 003
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
53
54
12
12
12
12
13
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
978
099
220
341
461
373
494
615
736
857
766
887
009
130
251
159
280
402
523
644
554
675
796
917
038
0
951
071
191
312
433
14
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
990
111
232
353
473
385
506
627
748
869
778
899
021
142
263
171
292
414
535
657
566
687
808
929
050
-1
963
083
203
324
445
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
002
123
244
365
485
397
518
639
760
881
790
911
033
154
276
183
305
426
547
669
578
699
820
941
062
-2
975
095
216
336
457
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
015
135
256
377
497
409
530
651
773
894
802
924
045
166
288
195
317
438
559
681
590
711
832
953
074
-3
967
107
228
348
469
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
11
12
12
12
12
027
148
268
389
509
421
542
664
785
906
814
936
057
178
300
208
329
450
572
693
602
723
844
965
086
E/V
-4
999
119
240
360
481
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
12
039
160
280
401
521
433
554
676
797
918
826
948
069
191
312
220
341
462
584
705
614
735
856
977
098
-5
011
131
252
372
493
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
13
12
12
12
12
12
051
172
292
413
534
445
567
688
809
930
839
960
081
203
324
232
953
474
596
717
626
747
868
989
111
-6
023
143
264
384
505
15 063
15 184
15 304
15 425
15 546
14 457
14 579
14 700
14 821
14 942
13 851
13 972
14 094
14 215
14 336
13 244
13 365
13 487
13 606
13 729
12 638
12 759
12 880
13 001
13 123
-7
12 035
12 155
12 276
12 397
12 517
(continued)
Type S
14
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
11
12
12
12
12
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240

Type
15 075
15 196
15 317
15 437
15 558
14 470
14 591
14 712
14 833
14 954
13 863
13 884
14 106
14 227
14 348
13 256
13 377
13 499
13 620
13 742
12 650
12 771
12 892
13 014
13 135
-8
12 047
12 167
12 268
12 409
12 529
15 087
15 208
15 329
15 449
15 570
14 482
14 603
14 724
14 845
14 966
13 875
13 996
14 118
14 239
14 360
13 268
13 390
13 511
13 632
13 754
12 662
12 783
12 905
13 026
13 147
-9
12 059
12 179
12 300
12 421
12 542
1 450
1 460
1 470
1 480
1 490
1 400
1 410
1 420
1 430
1 440
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 380
1 390
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
55
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
947
061
174
285
395
366
483
600
717
832
18 503
18 609
17
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
777
895
013
131
249
182
301
420
539
658
0
582
702
822
942
062
959
073
185
297
406
378
495
612
728
844
789
907
025
143
261
194
313
432
551
670
18 614
18 620
17
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
16
-1
594
714
834
954
074
970
084
196
308
417
390
507
623
740
855
801
919
037
155
272
205
325
444
563
682
18 525
18 630
17
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
16
-2
606
726
846
966
086
982
095
208
319
428
401
518
635
751
867
812
931
049
167
284
217
337
456
575
694
18 535
18 641
17
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
16
-3
618
738
858
978
098
993
107
219
330
439
413
530
647
763
878
824
943
061
178
296
229
349
468
587
706
18 546
18 651
17
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
16
E/V
-4
630
750
870
990
110
004
118
230
341
449
425
542
658
775
890
836
954
072
190
308
241
361
480
599
718
-5
642
762
882
002
122
18 557
18 661
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
16
16
016
129
241
352
460
437
553
670
786
901
848
966
084
202
319
253
373
492
611
729
-6
654
774
894
014
134
18 567
18 672
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
16
16
18 578
18 682
18 027
18 140
18 252
18 362
18 471
17 448
17 565
17 682
17 798
17 913
16 860
16 978
17 096
17 214
17 331
16 265
16 385
16 504
16 623
16 741
-7
15 666
15 786
15 906
16 026
16 146
(concluded)
Type S
1 750
1 760
16
16
16
16
16
550
560
570
580
590
1
1
1
1
1
16
16
17
17
17
15
15
15
15
16
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
Platinum 10% rhodium/platinum (conluded)

Type
18 588
18 693
18 039
18 152
18 263
18 373
18 482
17 460
17 577
17 693
17 809
17 924
16 872
16 990
17 108
17 225
17 343
16 277
16 396
16 516
16 634
16 753
-8
15 678
15 798
15 918
16 038
16 158
18 599
18 050
18 163
18 274
18 384
18 493
17 472
17 588
17 705
17 821
17 936
16 883
17 002
17 120
17 237
17 355
16 289
16 408
16 527
16 646
16 785
-9
15 690
15 810
15 930
16 050
16 170
1 750
1 760
1 700
1 710
1 720
1 730
1 740
1 650
1 660
1 670
1 680
1 690
1 600
1 610
1 620
1 630
1 640
1 550
1 560
1 570
1 580
1 590
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
55
56
2
6
11
17
25
33
43
53
65
78
92
107
123
141
159
178
199
220
243
267
291
317
344
372
401
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
294
320
347
375
404
180
201
222
245
269
94
109
125
142
161
34
44
55
66
79
3
7
12
18
26
-1
0
-2
-3
-2
0
296
322
349
377
407
182
203
225
248
271
95
110
127
144
163
35
45
56
68
81
3
7
12
19
26
-2
0
-2
-3
-2
0
299
325
352
380
410
184
204
227
250
274
96
112
128
146
165
36
46
57
69
82
3
8
13
20
27
-3
-1
-2
-3
-2
0
301
328
355
383
413
186
207
229
252
276
98
113
130
148
166
37
47
58
70
84
4
8
14
20
28
E/V
-4
-1
-2
-3
-2
0
304
330
358
386
416
188
209
231
255
279
99
115
132
150
168
38
48
59
72
85
4
9
14
21
29
-5
-1
-2
-2
-1
1
307
333
360
389
419
190
212
234
257
281
101
117
134
151
170
39
49
60
73
86
4
9
15
22
30
-6
-1
-2
-2
-1
1
309
336
363
392
422
192
214
236
259
284
102
118
135
153
172
40
50
62
74
88
5
10
15
22
31
-7
-1
-2
-2
-1
1
Platinum30% rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium
Type B
0
0
-2
-3
-2
0
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
Platinum 30% rhodium/platinum 6% rhodium

Type B:
312
338
366
395
425
196
216
238
262
286
104
120
137
155
174
41
51
63
75
89
5
10
16
23
31
-8
-2
-3
-2
-1
2
314
341
369
398
428
197
218
241
264
289
106
122
139
157
176
42
52
64
77
91
6
11
17
24
32
-9
-2
-3
-2
-1
2
250
260
270
280
290
200
210
220
230
240
150
160
170
180
190
100
110
120
130
140
50
60
70
80
90
T90/C
0
10
20
30
40
57
58
596
632
669
707
746
787
828
870
913
957
002
048
095
143
192
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
511
566
623
660
739
247
298
350
402
456
007
053
100
148
197
791
832
874
917
961
599
636
673
711
750
-1
434
466
497
530
564
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
516
572
629
686
745
252
303
355
408
462
011
057
106
153
202
795
836
878
922
966
603
639
677
715
754
-2
437
468
500
533
568
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
505
561
617
675
733
242
293
344
397
451
0
431
462
494
527
561
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
522
578
634
692
750
257
308
380
413
467
016
062
109
158
207
799
840
883
926
970
607
643
680
719
758
-3
440
471
503
537
571
Platinum 30% rhodium/platinum 6% rhodium (continued)

B: Platinum30%
Electromotive force as a function Type
of temperature
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
527
583
640
698
756
262
313
365
418
472
020
067
114
163
212
803
844
887
930
975
610
647
684
723
762
E/V
-4
443
474
507
540
575
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
533
589
646
704
762
267
318
371
424
478
025
071
119
167
217
807
849
891
935
979
614
650
688
727
766
-5
446
478
510
544
578
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
539
595
652
709
768
272
324
376
429
483
030
076
124
172
222
811
853
896
939
984
617
654
692
731
770
-6
449
481
513
547
582
1 544
1 600
1 657
1 715
1 774
1 277
1 329
1 381
1 435
1 489
1 034
1 081
1 129
1 177
1 227
815
857
900
944
986
621
658
696
735
774
-7
452
484
517
550
585
819
861
904
948
993
625
662
700
738
778
-8
455
487
520
554
589
1 550
1 606
1 663
1 721
1 780
1 282
1 334
1 387
1 440
1 494
1 039
1 086
1 133
1 182
1 232
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (continued)
Type B
1 555
1 612
1 669
1 727
1 786
1 288
1 339
1 392
1 445
1 500
1 043
1 090
1 138
1 187
1 237
824
866
909
953
994
928
665
703
742
782
-9
458
490
523
557
592
550
560
570
580
590
500
510
520
530
540
450
460
470
480
490
400
410
420
430
440
350
360
370
380
390
T90/C
300
310
320
330
340
57
58
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
626
708
790
673
154
230
308
386
466
546
782
854
928
002
078
431
499
569
639
710
101
165
230
296
363
0
792
852
913
975
037
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
634
716
798
882
161
238
316
394
474
554
789
862
935
010
085
437
506
576
646
717
107
171
237
303
370
-1
798
858
919
981
043
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
643
724
807
890
169
246
324
402
482
582
796
869
943
017
093
444
513
583
653
724
113
178
243
309
376
-2
804
864
925
987
050
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
651
732
815
898
177
254
331
410
490
570
803
876
950
025
100
451
520
590
660
731
120
184
250
316
383
-3
810
870
931
993
056

B: Platinum30%
of temperature
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
659
741
823
907
184
261
339
418
498
578
811
884
958
032
108
458
527
597
667
738
126
191
256
323
390
E/V
-4
816
876
937
999
062
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
667
749
832
915
192
269
347
426
506
586
818
891
965
040
116
465
534
604
574
746
133
197
263
329
397
-5
822
882
944
006
069
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
675
757
840
923
200
277
365
434
514
594
825
898
973
047
123
472
541
611
681
753
139
204
270
336
403
-6
828
888
950
012
075
3 683
3 765
3 848
3 932
3 207
3 285
3 363
3 442
3 522
3 602
2 833
2 906
2 980
3 055
3 131
2 479
2 548
2 618
2 688
2 760
2 146
2 210
2 276
2 343
2 410
-7
1 834
1 894
1 956
2 018
2 082
3 692
3 774
3 857
3 940
3 215
3 292
3 371
3 450
3 530
3 610
2 840
2 913
2 987
3 062
3 138
2 485
2 556
2 625
2 696
2 767
2 152
2 217
2 283
2 350
2 417
-8
1 840
1 901
1 962
2 025
2 088
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (continued)
Type B
3 700
3 782
3 865
3 949
3 223
3 300
3 379
3 458
3 538
3 618
2 847
2 921
2 995
3 070
3 146
2 492
2 562
2 632
2 703
2 775
2 158
2 224
2 289
2 356
2 424
-9
1 846
1 907
1 968
2 031
2 094
860
870
880
890
800
810
820
830
840
850
750
760
770
780
790
700
710
720
730
740
650
660
670
680
690
T90/C
600
610
620
630
640
59
050
060
070
080
090
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
276
377
478
580
683
780
878
976
075
175
299
394
489
585
682
834
926
018
111
205
387
475
564
653
743
0
957
041
127
213
299
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
286
387
488
591
693
789
887
986
085
185
308
403
499
595
692
843
935
027
120
214
396
484
573
662
753
-1
965
050
135
221
308
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
296
397
499
601
704
799
897
996
095
195
318
413
508
605
702
853
944
037
130
223
404
493
582
671
762
-2
974
058
144
230
317
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
000
010
020
030
040
4
4
4
4
4
950
960
970
980
990
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
4
4
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
306
407
509
611
714
809
907
006
105
205
327
422
518
614
711
862
954
046
139
233
413
501
591
680
771
-3
982
067
152
239
326

B: Platinum30%
of temperature
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
316
417
519
621
724
819
917
016
115
215
337
432
528
624
721
871
963
055
148
242
422
510
599
689
780
E/V
-4
991
075
161
247
334
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
326
427
529
632
735
828
927
026
125
225
346
441
537
634
731
880
972
065
158
252
431
519
608
698
789
-5
999
084
170
256
343
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
336
438
539
642
745
838
937
036
135
235
356
451
547
643
740
889
981
074
167
261
440
528
617
707
798
-6
008
093
178
265
352
6 346
6 448
6 550
6 652
6 755
5 848
5 947
6 046
6 145
6 245
5 365
5 480
5 556
5 653
5 750
4 898
4 990
5 083
5 176
5 270
4 448
4 537
4 626
4 716
4 807
-7
4 016
4 101
4 187
4 273
4 360
6 356
6 458
6 560
6 663
6 766
5 858
5 956
6 055
6 155
6 256
5 375
5 470
5 566
5 663
5 760
4 908
5 000
5 092
5 186
5 280
4 457
4 546
4 635
4 725
4 816
-8
4 024
4 110
4 195
4 282
4 369
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (continued)
Type B
6 367
6 468
6 570
6 673
6 776
5 868
5 968
6 065
6 165
6 266
5 384
5 480
5 578
5 672
5 770
4 917
5 009
5 102
5 195
5 289
4 466
4 555
4 644
4 734
4 825
-9
4 033
4 118
4 204
4 291
4 378
1 150
1 160
1 170
1 180
1 190
1 100
1 110
1 120
1 130
1 140
1 050
1 060
1 070
1 080
1 090
1 000
1 010
1 020
1 030
1 040
950
960
970
980
990
T90/C
900
910
920
930
940
59
60
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 380
1 390
1 400
1 410
1 420
1 430
1 440
1 450
1 460
1 470
1 480
1 490
524
639
753
868
984
956
069
182
296
410
397
508
620
731
844
848
957
066
176
286
311
417
524
632
740
0
786
890
995
100
205
967
080
194
307
421
408
519
631
743
855
859
968
077
187
298
322
428
535
643
751
9 536
9 650
9 765
9 880
9 995
8
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
-1
797
901
005
110
216
9
9
9
9
10
8
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
547
662
776
891
007
979
092
205
319
433
419
530
842
754
866
870
979
086
198
309
332
439
546
653
761
-2
807
911
016
121
226
9
9
9
9
10
8
9
9
9
9
8
8
6
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
558
673
788
903
018
990
103
216
330
444
430
542
653
765
877
881
990
099
209
320
343
449
557
664
772
-3
818
922
026
131
237

B: Platinum30%
of temperature
9
9
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
570
684
799
914
030
001
114
228
342
456
441
553
664
776
889
892
001
110
220
331
353
460
567
675
783
E/V
-4
828
932
037
142
247
013
126
239
353
467
453
564
675
787
900
903
012
121
231
342
364
471
578
686
794
-5
838
942
047
152
258
9 581
9 696
9 811
9 926
10 041
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
024
137
251
364
478
464
575
687
799
911
914
023
132
242
353
375
482
589
697
805
-6
849
953
058
163
269
9 593
9 707
9 822
9 937
10 053
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
9 604
9 719
9 834
9 949
10 064
9 035
9 148
9 262
9 376
9 490
8 475
8 586
8 698
8 810
8 922
7 924
8 034
8 143
8 253
8 364
7 385
7 492
7 600
7 707
7 816
-7
6 859
6 963
7 068
7 173
7 279
9 616
9 730
9 945
9 961
10 076
9 047
9 160
9 273
9 387
9 501
8 486
8 597
8 709
8 821
8 934
7 935
8 045
8 154
8 264
8 375
7 396
7 503
7 610
7 718
7 827
-8
6 869
6 974
7 079
7 184
7 290
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (continued)
Type B
9 627
9 742
9 857
9 972
10 088
9 058
9 171
9 285
9 398
9 513
8 497
8 608
8 720
8 832
8 945
7 946
8 056
8 165
8 275
8 386
7 407
7 514
7 621
7 729
7 837
-9
6 880
6 984
7 089
7 194
7 300
1 450
1 460
1 470
1480
1 490
1 400
1 410
1 420
1 430
1 440
1 350
1 360
1 370
1 380
1 390
1 300
1 310
1 320
1 330
1 340
1 250
1 260
1 270
1 280
1 290
T90/C
1 200
1 210
1 220
1 230
1 240
61
62
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
1 550
1 560
1 570
1 580
1 590
1 600
1 610
1 620
1 630
1 640
1 650
1 660
1 670
1 680
1 690
1 700
1 710
1 720
1 730
1 740
1 750
1 760
1 770
1 780
1 790
014
130
246
361
476
433
549
666
782
898
848
965
082
199
316
263
380
497
614
731
679
796
913
029
146
0
099
215
331
447
563
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
026
142
257
373
488
444
561
677
794
910
860
977
094
211
327
275
392
509
626
743
691
808
924
041
158
-1
111
226
342
458
575
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
037
153
269
384
499
456
572
689
805
921
871
988
105
222
339
286
403
520
637
754
703
819
936
053
169
-2
122
236
354
470
586
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
049
165
280
396
511
468
584
701
817
933
883
000
117
234
351
298
415
532
649
766
714
831
948
064
181
-3
134
249
365
482
598

Type B: Platinum30%
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
061
176
292
407
522
479
596
712
829
945
895
012
129
246
363
310
427
544
661
778
726
843
959
076
193
E/V
-4
145
261
377
493
609
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
072
188
304
419
534
491
607
724
840
956
907
024
141
257
374
321
438
556
673
790
738
854
971
088
205
-5
167
273
389
505
621
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
084
200
315
430
545
503
619
736
852
968
918
035
152
269
386
333
450
567
684
801
749
866
983
099
216
-6
168
284
400
516
633
13 095
13 211
13 327
13 442
13 557
12 514
12 631
12 747
12 883
12 980
11 930
12 047
12 164
12 281
12 398
11 345
11 462
11 579
11 696
11 813
10 761
10 877
10 994
11 111
11 228
-7
10 180
10 296
10 412
10 528
10 644
13 107
13 223
13 338
13 453
13 568
12 526
12 642
12 759
12 875
12 991
11 942
12 059
12 176
12 292
12 409
11 357
11 474
11 591
11 708
11 825
10 773
10 889
11 006
11 123
11 240
-8
10 192
10 307
10 423
10 540
10 658
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (continued)
Type B
13 119
13 234
13 350
13 485
13 580
12 538
12 654
12 770
12 887
13 003
11 953
12 070
12 187
12 304
12 421
11 368
11 485
11 602
11 719
11 836
10 784
10 901
11 018
11 134
11 251
-9
10 203
10 319
10 435
10 551
10 668
1 750
1 760
1 770
1 780
1 790
1 700
1 710
1 720
1 730
1 740
1 650
1 660
1 670
1 680
1 690
1 600
1 610
1 620
1 630
1 640
1 550
1 560
1 570
1 580
1 590
T90/C
1 500
1 510
1 520
1 530
1 540
61
62
0
13 591
13 706
13 820
-1
13 603
13 717
-2
13 614
13 729
-3
13 626
13 740
T90/C
1 800
1 810
1 820
Platinum 30% rhodium/platinum 6% rhodium (concluded)

B: Platinum30%
of temperature
E/V
-4
-5
13 637
13 649
13 752
13 763
-6
13 660
13 775
-7
13 672
13 786
-8
13 683
13 797
rhodium/platinum6%
rhodium (concluded)
Type B
-9
13 694
13 809
T90/C
1 800
1 810
1 820
63
7. RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS

AND TABLE
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR
A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) operates under the
principle that the electrical resistance of certain metals increases or decreases in a repeatable and predictable manner with a
temperature change.
RTDs may have a lower temperature range than some thermocouples and a slower response time, however, they are more stable and repeatable over long periods of time. RTDs higher signal
outputs make them easier to interface with computers & data
loggers. They reduce the effects of radio frequency interference.
RTDs are used in: the plastic processing industry, environmental test chambers, motor windings, pumps and bearings, ovens,
kilns, waste treatment and the pulp & paper industry. RTDs are
available in the same configurations of thermocouples to suit
the most applications.
Basic RTDs constructions
Flat film constructions, ceramic insulation
Sealed bifilar winding, ceramic insulation
Sealed bifilar winding, glass insulation
Standard wiring systems
Resistance
Element
R1
Resistance
Element
R2
Vb
R3 Power
Supply
RT
Bridge Output
2-wiring system
R1
RT
Resistance
Element
R2
Vb
S
Lead Resistance
Bridge Output
3-wiring system
R1
R3 Power
Supply
R2
Vb
S
RT
Lead Resistance
S
R3 Power
Supply
Bridge Output
4-wiring system
63

AND TABLE
RTD BODY CONSTRUCTION (PT100)
There are many RTD types available on todays market. Each
has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. In many
cases, RTDs and their accessories are designed for a specific
temperature measurement problem. In other cases, RTDs are
manufactured with a wide variety of possible applications. It is
not the intention to compare one RTD type with another, or to
compare the RTD of one manufacturer with another. RTDs must
be selected to meet the needs of a particular installation.
Two examples as a guide in the selection process:
Tube type construction
Mineral insulated type
Tube type construction
The most basic RTD construction is the tube type construction.
The wires can be made of several materials (depending on the
temperature range) such as copper, silver or nickel clad copper
wire.
The insulation material of the wires can be PVC, Silicon or PTFE
insulators for temperature up to 250 C. Above this temperature
the isolation material will be ceramic. The total construction is
not bendable and is normally not used in applications with a lot
of vibrations.
A basic construction for RTDs
Resistance Thermometer Connection

to leads
64
Connection Leads
Sheath
Insulator

AND TABLE
MINERAL INSULATED TYPE
The most common used RTD construction is mineral insulated.
The mineral insulated type is bendable and can be used in applications with high vibration conditions.
The construction:
4 conductors from several materials
Isolated with magnesium powder (MgO)
SS outer sheath
Available diameters: from 1.5 mm, with a measuring system
of 4 wire, up to 6.4 mm
Commercial platinum grades are produced which exhibit a
change of resistance of 0.385 ohms/C (European Fundamental Interval). The sensor is usually made to have a resistance
of 100 ohms at 0C, this is defined in BS EN 60751:1996.
The American Fundamental Interval is 0.392 ohms/C.
Accuracy according IEC 60751n, can be 1/3,1/5,1/6 and 1/10 at 0C

Temperature
Class A, C
-200 C
0 C
+100 C
+200 C
+300 C
+500 C
+700 C
0,55 C
0,15 C
0,35 C
0,55 C
0,75 C
1,15 C
Class B, C
1,3 C
0,3 C
0,8 C
1,3 C
1,8 C
2,8 C
-3,8 C
Upon request, RTDs such as: Pt 400, Pt500 and Pt1000.

For other international Pt100 standards, please contact our office.
ANSI
JIS
: alpha 0.00379
: alpha 0.003916
instead of 0.00385 IEC

instead of 0.00385 IEC
Tolerance C
Class B
1/10 DIN Best
tolerance, B
2
Class A
1/10 DIN Best
tolerance, A
0
--200
-100
100
200
300
400
500
1/10 DIN
Theoretical but
unattainable
600
65
8. A FEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
C
66
-200
18.52
20
107.79
240
190.47
460
267.56
-195
20.68
25
109.73
245
192.29
465
269.56
-190
22.83
30
111.67
250
194.10
470
270.93
-185
24.97
35
113.61
255
195.91
475
272.61
-180
27.10
40
115.54
260
197.71
480
274.29
-175
29.22
45
117.47
265
199.51
485
275.97
-170
31.33
50
119.40
270
201.31
490
277.64
-165
33.44
55
121.32
275
203.11
495
279.31
-160
35.54
60
123.24
280
204.90
500
280.98
-155
37.64
65
125.16
285
206.70
505
282.64
-150
39.72
70
127.08
290
208.48
510
284.30
-145
41.80
75
128.99
295
210.27
515
298.96
-140
43.88
80
130.90
300
212.05
520
287.62
-135
45.94
85
132.80
305
213.83
525
289.27
-130
48.00
90
134.71
310
215.61
530
290.92
-125
50.06
95
136.61
315
217.38
535
292.56
-120
52.11
100
138.51
320
219.15
540
294.21
-115
54.15
105
140.40
325
220.92
545
295.85
-110
56.19
110
142.29
330
222.69
550
297.49
-105
58.23
115
144.18
335
224.45
555
299.12
-100
60.26
120
156.07
340
226.21
560
300.75
-95
62.28
125
147.95
345
227.96
565
302.38
-90
64.30
130
149.83
350
229.72
570
304.01
-85
66.31
135
151.71
355
231.47
575
305.63
-80
68.33
140
153.58
360
233.21
580
307.25
-75
70.33
145
155.46
365
234.96
585
308.87
-70
72.33
150
157.33
370
236.70
590
310.49
-65
74.33
155
159.19
375
238.44
595
312.10
-60
76.33
160
161.05
380
240.18
600
313.71
-55
78.32
165
162.91
385
241.91
605
315.31
-50
80.31
170
164.77
390
243.64
610
316.92
-45
82.29
175
166.63
395
245.37
615
318.52
320.12
-40
84.27
180
168.48
400
247.09
620
-35
86.25
185
170.33
405
248.81
625
321.71
-30
88.22
190
172.17
410
250.53
630
323.30
-25
90.19
195
174.02
415
252.25
635
324.89
-20
92.16
200
175.86
420
253.96
640
326.48
-15
94.12
205
177.69
425
255.97
645
328.06
-10
96.09
210
179.53
430
257.38
650
329.64
-5
98.04
215
181.36
435
259.08
655
331.22
100.00
220
183.19
440
260.78
660
332.79
101.95
225
185.01
445
262.48
10
103.90
230
186.84
450
264.18
15
105.85
235
188.66
455
265.87
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
MULTI POINT
67
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
MULTI POINT
Type A
Type A Mi-cable (MgO) thermocouples are free hanging for use
in non pressurized applications.
Type B
Type B Mi-cable (MgO) thermocouples can be retracted for
transport and mounting purposes. Individually replaceable
without disassembling the complete unit.
Type C
Type C Mi-cable (MgO) thermocouples are spring loaded to connect with the inner wall of the thermowell. This construction
allows replacement of the thermocouple during operation.
Type D
Each Type D Mi-cable (MgO) or beaded type thermocouple is
enclosed in a guide tube which terminates at a special block,
welded to the thermowell at the point to be measured.
Each thermocouple can be replaced during operation.
68
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
Tube skin
69
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
INDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR
70
8. a FeW CONSTRUCTIONS OF
TempeRaTURe SeNSORS
SEE DETAIL
T/C 5
T/C 4
T/C 3
T/C 2
10
T/C 1
+0,2
-0,3
SEMI-CONDUCTOR
264
343
30
R=10
3
564
785
3
3
130
864
880
12
+0,4
-0
DETAIL
10
5
5 X 50 = 250
BS-509353
HIGH PRESSURE
1
TO ENGRAVE :
- CUSTOMER ORDER N?.
- TAG No.
- X-RAY No.
- T.E. SERIAL No.
3/8"-24UNF-LH-2A
9,53
GROUNDED
3,0
0.4
Ra
+0
WHITE (+)
WHITE (+)
RED (-)
RED (-)
24
59 -2
5,56
GROUND WIRE
HEX19
8,2
NICRO BRAZED
R=0,8
WELDED
19,1
7
70
+0,5
-0,0
25
L1
160
60
L2
MINIATURE MINERAL INSULATED CABLE
71
9. F.A.Q.S
F.A.Q.S
1. Q. How many metres of T/C wire can I run?
A. For a specific instrument, check its specifications to see if there are any limits to the input impedance.
However as a rule of thumb, limit the resistance to 100 Ohms maximum, depending on the conductor diameter of the wire: the larger the diameter, the less resistance/metre, the longer the run
can be. If the environment is electrically noisy, then a transmitter may be required which transmit a
4-20 mA signal that can be run a longer distance and is more resistant to noise.
2. Q. Should I use a grounded or ungrounded probe?
A. It depends on the instrumentation. If there is any chance that there may be a reference to ground
(common in controllers with non-isolated inputs), then an ungrounded probe is required. If the instrument is a handheld indicator, then a grounded probe can almost always be used.
3. Q. Can I split my one thermocouple signal to two separate instruments?
A. No. The T/C signal is a very low-level millivolt signal, and should only be connected to one device.
Splitting into two devices may result in bad readings or loss of signal. The solution is to use a
dual T/C or convert one T/C (output a 4-20mA signal) by using a transmitter or signal conditioner
which can send the new signal to more than one instrument.
4. Q. What are the accuracies and the temperature ranges of the various thermocouples?
A. They are summarized in the tables of the International Standards (page 18). It is important to know
that both accuracy and ranges depend on a.o.: the thermocouple alloys, the temperature being
measured, the construction of the sensor, the material of the sheath, the media being measured,
the state of the media (liquid, solid or gas) and the diameter of either the thermocouple wire (if it is
exposed) or the sheath diameter (if the thermocouple wire is not exposed but sheathed).
5. Q. How can I choose between thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) and

thermistors?
A. You have to consider the characteristics and costs of the various sensors as well as the available
instrumentation. Thermocouples generally can measure temperatures over wide temperature ranges, are inexpensively and very rugged. They are not accurate or stable as RTDs and thermistors.
RTDs are stable and have a fairly wide temperature range but are not as rugged and inexpensively
as thermocouples. Since they require the use of an electric current to make measurements, RTDs
are subject to inaccuracies from self-heating. Thermistors tend to be more accurate than RTDs or
thermocouples, but they have a much more limited temperature range.
72
9. F.A.Q.S
F.A.Q.S
6. Q. What is the drift of a thermocouple type K?
A. T/C type K can be drifted in several temperature ranges: from 450C to 550C or in a measuring
area of 800C. When you work in a process like ethylene furnaces and your process temperature is
fluctuated between 850C and 200C and back to 850C with an interval of approx. 6 to 8 weeks,
your chosen construction is an industrial thermocouple with a metal sheath into a protection tube of
SS or ceramic. The drift of a thermocouple in this application can be approx. 30C within one year.
7. Q. What is the response time for thermocouples?
A. Depending on the diameter of the thermocouple itself and the measuring junction (grounded or
ungrounded). When you use mineral insulated thermocouples, the ASTM STP 470 A specifies the
following: Values listed are the average of several mineral insulated elements, checked in each
category. They show the time required to indicate 63.2% of a temperature change. The tests were
performed during a step change from room temperature to boiling water.
Diameter
Hot Junction
1,0 mm
1,0 mm
3,0 mm
3,0 mm
4,8 mm
4,8 mm
6,0 mm
6,0 mm
ungrounded
grounded
ungrounded
grounded
ungrounded
grounded
ungrounded
grounded
Time in sec.
0,3
0,1
1,3
0,7
2,2
1,1
4,5
2,0
73
TN
UD
B ES IEZNEDCS
T pipe
10 & tube end size chart
PE P
A INPDE TAUN
BD
E E
H IAZRET C H
10A R10.
pipe schedules
Pipe thread size NPT
1/16 NPT
Tubing O.D. Size

1/16
1/8
3/16
1/8 NPT
1/4 NPT
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8 NPT
1/2
5/8
1/2 NPT
3/4
3/4 NPT
7/8
1
1 NPT
74
75
10. pipe & tube end size chart

pipe schedules
Nominal
Pipe size
O.D.
Standard
Inches
mm
Wall
1/8
10,3
1,7
1/4
13,7
3/8
17,1
1/2
Extra
strong
STD
Double
extra
strong
XS
Wt
Schedule
XXS
Wall
Wt
Schedule
10
Wall
WT
20
Wall
0,357
2,4
0,470
2,2
0,625
3,0
0,804
2,3
0,848
3,2
1,10
21,3
2,8
1,26
3,7
1,62
7,5
3/4
26,7
2,9
1,68
3,9
2,19
7,8
3,63
33,4
3,4
2,50
4,5
3,23
9,1
5,45
1.1/4
42,2
3,6
3,38
4,9
4,46
9,7
7,75
1.1/2
48,3
3,7
4,05
5,1
5,40
10,2
9,54
60,3
3,9
5,43
5,5
7,47
11,1
13,4
2.1/2
73
5,2
8,62
7,0
11,4
14
20,4
27,7
Schedule
WT
30
Wall
WT
Wall
WT
2,54
88,9
5,5
11,3
7,6
15,3
15,2
3.1/2
101,6
5,7
13,6
8,1
18,6
16,2
34
114,3
16,1
8,6
22,3
17,1
41,1
141,3
6,6
21,8
9,5
30,9
19
57,4
168,3
7,1
28,2
11,0
42,5
21,9
79,1
219,1
8,2
42,5
12,7
64,6
22,2
108
6,4
33,3
36,7
10
273
9,3
60,2
12,7
81,5
25,4
155
6,4
41,7
7,8
50,9
12
323,9
9,5
73,8
12,7
97,4
25,4
187
6,4
49,7
8,4
65,1
14
355,6
9,5
81,2
12,7
107
6,4
54,6
7,9
68,1
9,5
81,2
16
406,4
9,5
93,1
12,7
123
6,4
62,6
7,9
77,9
9,5
93,1
18
457,2
9,5
105
12,7
139
6,4
70,5
7,9
87,8
11,1
122
20
508
9,5
117
12,7
155
6,4
78,5
9,5
117
12,7
155
22
558,8
9,5
129
12,7
171
6,4
86,4
9,5
129
12,7
171
24
609,6
9,5
141
12,7
187
6,4
94,7
9,5
141
14,3
210
203
26
660,4
9,5
153
12,7
203
7,9
128
12,7
28
711,2
9,5
165
12,7
219
7,9
138
12,7
219
15,9
272
30
762
9,5
176
12,7
234
7,9
147
12,7
234
15,9
292
32
812,8
9,5
188
12,7
250
7,9
157
12,7
250
15,9
312
34
863,6
9,5
200
12,7
266
7,9
167
12,7
266
15,9
332
36
914,4
9,5
212
12,7
282
7,9
177
12,7
282
15,9
351
Asme b 36,10 pipe schedules

Wall = walthickness in mm
Wt = weights in kg/p/mtr
75
10. pipe & tube end size chart

pipe schedules
Nominal
Pipe size
O.D.
Schedule
Inches
mm
Wall
1/8
10,3
1,7
1/4
13,7
3/8
17,1
1/2
Schedule
40
Wt
Wall
Schedule
Schedule
Schedule
60
80
100
120
140
Wt
Wall
Wt
Wall
Wt
Wall
Wt
Wall
160
Wt
Wall
Wt
0,357
2,4
0,470
2,2
0,625
3,0
0,804
2,3
0,848
3,2
1,10
21,3
2,8
1,26
3,7
1,62
4,8
1,9
3/4
26,7
2,9
1,68
3,9
2,19
5,6
2,89
33,4
3,4
2,50
4,5
3,23
6,4
4,23
1.1/4
42,2
3,6
3,38
4,9
4,46
6,4
5,6
1.1/2
48,3
3,7
4,05
5,1
5,40
7,1
7,23
60,3
3,9
5,43
5,5
7,47
8,7
11,1
2.1/2
73
5,2
8,62
7,0
11,4
9,5
14,9
11,1
21,3
88,9
5,5
11,3
7,6
15,3
3.1/2
101,6
5,7
13,6
8,1
18,6
114,3
16,1
8,6
22,3
11,1
28,3
13,5
33,5
141,3
6,6
21,8
9,5
30,9
12,7
40,2
15,9
49,0
168,3
7,1
28,2
11,0
42,5
14,3
54,2
18,3
67,5
219,1
8,2
42,5
10,3
53,1
12,7
64,6
15,1
75,8
18,3
90,7
20,6
101
23,0
112
10
273
9,3
60,2
12,7
81,5
15,1
95,8
18,3
115
21,4
133
25,4
156
28,6
172
12
323,9
10,3
79,7
14,3
109
17,4
132
21,4
160
25,4
187
28,6
208
33,3
239
14
355,6
11,1
94,3
15,1
126
19,0
158
23,8
195
27,8
224
31,8
253
35,7
281
16
406,4
12,7
123
16,7
160
21,4
203
26,2
245
30,9
286
36,5
333
40,5
365
18
457,2
14,3
156
19
206
23,8
254
29,4
310
34,9
363
39,7
408
45,2
459
20
508
15,1
183
20,6
248
26,2
311
32,5
381
38,1
441
44,4
508
50,0
564
22
558,8
22,2
294
28,6
373
34,9
451
41,3
526
47,6
600
54,0
671
24
609,6
17,4
255
24,6
355
30,9
441
38,9
547
46,0
639
52,4
719
59,5
807
26
660,4
28
711,2
30
762
32
812,8
34
863,6
36
914,4
Asme b 36,10 pipe schedules

Wall = walthickness in mm
Wt = weights in kg/p/mtr
76
Schedule
11. METALLIC & NON METALLIC

THERMOWELL MATERIALS
INTRODUCTION
A wide variety of steels and nickel-based alloys are used to make thermowells. There are no other materials
which will stand up to all of the many service conditions which can be found across the industry.
It is important that the proper metal is used in the fabrication of a thermowell. Obviously an improper choice
will lead to premature failure, while over-specifying leads to higher costs than necessary to do a given job.
The primary metals used in the fabrication of thermowells are: carbon steel, chrome molybdenum steels,
stainless steels (304, 310, 316, 321, 347, 304L, 316L, 446), nickel-based alloys (Inconels, Incoloys,
Hastelloys).
The main responsibility of thermowells is to protect the temperature sensor from corrosion or oxidation
conditions found in the process, as well as mechanical stresses. Each of the previously mentioned materials provides different degrees of protection under various service conditions.
The following pages lists the type of materials with some recommendations for their use. As a general
guide, a high chromium content is desirable for high temperature resistance to oxidation and sulfur attack.
The presence of aluminum (1-2%) is also useful as a very resistant surface: ilm of mixed chromium oxide/
aluminum oxide is formed.
77

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Austenitic
: Refers to the crystal structure of the 300 series stainless steel.
Carbide precipitation
: The process where chromium carbides form and precipitate out in the steel.
Carbon atoms combine with chromium atoms lead to local depletion of
chromium, thereby reducing the available chromium to form a protective
chromium oxide film. This allows localized inter granular attack from salts
and acids. Carbide precipitation occurs when a 300 series stainless steel is
held in the 800 F range.
Carbide stabilized
: In order to reduce the chance of carbon precipitation, certain 300 series

stainless steel are stabilized with small amounts of titanium, tantalum of
columbium which preferentially combine with the carbon leaving the chromium alone. This result is also accomplished by the low carbon stainless
steels, which have less carbon to combine with the chromium.
Carburizing atmospheres : Contain carbonaceous vapours (e.g. hydrocarbons). The present carbon
can react with the alloys at high temperatures to produce metal carbides.
This can result in embrittlement. Generally, high nickel content in an alloy
is helpful in resisting carburizing although it will not completely prevent it.
78
Creep
: At high temperatures the mechanical strength of metals falls off. Over time
and at high temperatures metals will slowly stretch under an applied load
and will fail at stress much smaller than would normally be expected.
Ferritic
: Refers to the crystal structure of the 400 series stainless steel.
Inert atmospheres
: Consist of inert gas such as argon. There is no problem with alloys in such
an atmosphere. A variation of an inert atmosphere is no atmosphere at
all i.e. a vacuum. This is used increasingly for heat-treatment purposes.
Oxidizing atmospheres
: Contain oxygen and will react with metals at elevated temperatures to produce oxides on the surface. The good high temperature performance of the
heat-resisting alloys depends on the formation of a stable protective oxide
film on the surface. The elements chromium and aluminium, when present
in an alloy, form excellent protective films of chromium oxide and aluminium
oxide.

Passivating
: Involves immersing 300 series stainless steel in 10% nitric acid for
10-30 minutes. The acid removes any particles of iron which may have
become embedded in the surface during processing but doesnt attack
the stainless steel. Actually, being a strong oxidizing acid, the chromium
oxide film is improved thereby increasing the steels ability to withstand
corrosion.
Reducing atmospheres
: Contain hydrogen of carbon compounds and will not form protective oxides on an alloy. If hydrogen is present, this may diffuse into thermowells
and thermocouples. It produces green rot attack, so called from the dark
green surface colour produced, although this may not be very obvious.
In the case of chromel-alumel thermocouples the green rot attack causes the chromed wire to become magnetic, which results in an erroneous
lower output. This effect is easy to confirm with a magnet; if both wires
are magnetic green rot has occurred. (Actually this is not strictly a reducing phenomenon. It occurs only when a very small amount of oxygen is
present in an essentially reducing atmosphere. Under these conditions,
preferential oxidation of the chromium in the alloy will occur.)
Stress-corrosion cracking : When a metal is subjected to both stress and corrosion at the same time,
there is the possibility it may crack. Often stress-corrosion cracking occurs in the presence of chlorides.
Stress relief
: A heat treating process, used to reduce internal stresses in a part to avoid

stress corrosion cracking from occurring.
Sulphidizing atmospheres : Contain sulphur compounds, which often arise when coal or fuel oil is
burned. The sulphur may be present as sulphur dioxide, which is the case
under oxidizing conditions, or as hydrogen sulphide (H2S) under reducing conditions. The latter is worse as the atmosphere does not help the
formation of protective oxide films. Alloys containing nickel (as almost all
the commonly used high temperature alloys do) are subject to attack by
sulphur because sulphur forms a low melting point compound with the
nickel in the alloy. Alloys high in chromium (over about 18%) containing
aluminium form an oxide film which offers resistance to sulphur under
oxidizing conditions. To resist sulphur under reducing conditions, the best
protection is an aluminized film.
Weld decay
: Localized corrosion on each side of a weld caused by carbide precipitation.
79

STAINLESS STEELS
This group of metals forms an invisible chromium oxide which serves to resist oxidation and corrosive attack
by chemicals and acids. To be effective, they need to have a minimum of 14% chromium. The 300 series
stainless steel are known as austenitic while the 400 series are known as ferritic. Austenitic stainless
steels do not become brittle at low temperature as ferritic steels do.
SS 304
: Also known as 18-8 (nominally 18% chromium, 8% nickel) is the most commonly specified austenitic stainless steel. SS 304 like other 300 series stainless steel is subject to
carbide precipitation in the area of 700-1,650 F. This means that chromium forms carbides when SS 304 is held in/of is cooled slowly through the above temperature range.
The net effect is a localized depletion of chromium around the carbides, which can lead
to inter-granular corrosion from acids of other corrosives. This condition is especially
apparent where parts are welded (leading to weld decay). SS 304 has a maximum
temperature rating for continuous service of 1,650 F in air. Care must be taken as the
strength falls off considerably at elevated temperatures. SS 304 is widely used as a
thermowell material for lower temperature applications across industry since it is not
affected by most organic and inorganic chemicals.
SS 310
: Has higher chromium and nickel (nominally 25% chromium and 20% nickel) improved
high temperature characteristics. The SS 310 is subject to carbide precipitation in the
800 F to 1,600 F range. Maximum continuous service temperature in air is 2,100 F.
The SS 310 is used where good high temperature strength is needed or in carburizing/
reducing atmospheres.
SS 316
: Another very popular all purpose austenitic stainless steel. SS 316 has nominally
18% chromium and 12% nickel, but is modified with 2-3% molybdenum which improves
its resistance to chlorides. SS 316 is subject to carbide precipitation in the 800-1,600 F
range.
Maximum continuous service temperature in air is 1,650 F. Because of its increased
corrosive resistance, SS 316 is used where improved corrosion resistance is required,
especially in chlorides.
304L and 316L : Low carbon versions of SS 304 and SS 316. These alloys solve the problem of carbide
precipitations since they have a very low carbon content (0.03% maximum instead of
0.08% maximum).
Special STAINLESS STEELS

Carpenter 20-Cb3 : A stainless steel having 20% chromium, 34% nickel, 2,5% copper and columbium
and tantalum equal to 8 times the carbon content for carbide stabilization. This alloy
has excellent resistance to corrosive conditions, especially to sulfuric acid.
80

NICKEL BASED ALLOYS
A. Incoloys, Inconels, Monel
A very important group of alloys is the nickel-based Inconels and Incoloys. These alloys have an excellent
resistance to a corrosive attack by many aggressive chemicals. They also have an excellent resistance to
oxidation at high temperatures and good high temperature strength. They typically contain 15-23% chromium to provide a protective oxide film. The Inconels contain 40-73% nickel, while the Incoloys contain
32-42% and 30-36% iron. Some grades contain a small amount of titanium or tantalum for improved high
temperature strength and aluminium to improve the protective characteristics of the oxide film at elevated
temperatures (a mixed chromium oxide/aluminium film).
Inconel 600
: High nickel 76%, high chromium 15.5%, for resistance to oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. I600 is used for several corrosive environments at high temperature.
Inconel 601
: High nickel 60.5%, high chromium 23.0%, plus 1.5% aluminium. Good high temperature properties. I601 provides an outstanding resistance to oxidation and a good
resistance to carburizing and sulphur containing atmospheres.
Incoloy 800
: 32.5% nickel, 46.0% iron, 21% chromium. Resistance to oxidation and carburization at
high temperatures. Resists sulphur attack and corrosion in many environments.
Incoloy 800H
: 32.5% nickel, 46.0% iron, 21% chromium. Resistance to oxidation and carburization at
high temperatures. Resists sulphur attack and corrosion in many environments.
Incoloy 800H
: A special version of the above alloy with a small controlled amount of carbon for improved high temperature strength.
Monel 400
: 66% high nickel, 31% high copper. Monel provides a good resistance to corrosion in
salt water. Not subject to chloride stress cracking. Monel is used for heat exchangers
and for sulphuric acid applications.
B. Hastelloys
These nickel-based alloys are used for their excellent corrosion resistance under many severe conditions
due to their high molybdenum content.
Hastelloy B
: 61% nickel, 28% molybdenum. Excellent corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acid and
to sulphuric, phosphoric and acetic acids and hydrogen chloride gas.
Hastelloy C
: 54% nickel, 16% molybdenum, 15.5% chromium, 4% tungsten. Excellent corrosion

resistance to many chemical environments, including ferric acid and cupric chlorides,
contaminated mineral acids, and wet chlorine gas. Oxidation resistant to 1,900 F.
Hastelloy X
: 47% nickel, 9% molybdenum, 22% chromium, 0.5% tungsten. Good high temperature
strength and resistance to oxidation to 2,200 F. Also good for reducing conditions.
81

PROTECTION TUBE MATERIALS
Introduction
There are many applications across the industry where the temperature to be measured, is too high for the
standard stainless steel and nickel-based alloy thermowell materials. All of the more common stainless
steels and nickel-based alloys melt at/or before 2,550 F/1,400 C and become weak or soft at/or before
approx. 2,200 F/1,200 C. In these applications a different material must be utilized.
There are two metals available which have a much higher melting point than the stainless steels or nickelbased alloys: tantalum 5,425 F/2,996 C and molybdenum 4,730 F/2,610 C. However, these metals
have inherent problems that limit their use in high temperature service:
- they oxidize rapidly (tantalum above 530 F/276 C and molybdenum above 930 F/499 C), there fore
they cant be used for thermowell materials except in strictly non-oxidizing atmospheres;
- they are very expensive to be used as a thermowell or protection tube material.
The solution is to use a non-metallic or ceramic type of protection tube material. There are a number of
these type materials available for high temperature service, each with its own unique capabilities: fused
quartz, cermet, silicon carbide, boron nitride, mullite and alumina.
While these materials exhibit varying degrees of high temperature capabilities there are disavantages to
their use. Being almost completely made of ceramic, they are extremely brittle and can be broken quite
easily by a mechanical shock. Also, most of these materials have a very poor resistance to thermal shock.
If a flame is applied suddenly to one side, it expands. Since the other side is cooler, it doesnt expand at
the same rate. This leads to stresses which, if severe enough, will crack the protection tube. The lower
co-efficient of thermal expansion these materials have, the more resistance they exhibit to this thermal
shock cracking.
The following is a discussion of each of the above referenced materials with some examples of their typical
uses in industry.
Fused quartz
Pure silica, fused quartz, has a very low co-efficient of thermal expansion, giving it excellent resistance to thermal shock cracking. It is also a vey chemically inert material and resists attacks by many corrosive chemicals
and liquid metals. An unfortunate limitation of fused quartz is, that it is a super cooled glass. At about
2,000 F (1,094 C) it will devitrify so that it cant be used for service above this temperature. Also, any
surface contamination will accelerate devitrification at high temperatures. (Devitrification refers to the fact
that fused quartz will re-crystallize and cant be used above 2,000F).
Because of fused quartz excellent thermal shock resistance, it is often used in the metal casting industry
as a disposable thermocouple protection tube. The fused quartz tube is inserted into the melt and the
temperature (used for control of the pouring temperature) is read. Due to its excellent thermal shock resistance, fuse quartz is able to withstand the sudden change from ambient to melt temperatures.
82

Cermet
Cermet is a mixture of 77% chromium oxide and 23% aluminum oxide. Made by the Union Carbide Company
it is a dense, abrasion resistant material with a high thermal conductivity and a good resistance to wetting
by many liquid metals. (Wetting is the degree at which a liquid metal will adhere to a protection tube).
It resists sulphur gases under oxidizing conditions up to at least 2,000 F (1,094 C). Also, non-ferrous
alloys such as copper, brass, zinc and lead do not wet cermet. It is not recommended for use in carburizing
or nitrogen atmospheres, since the chromium in the cermet will form carbides or nitrides.
Cermet is somewhat sensitive to thermal shock and has a maximum service temperature in oxidizing conditions of 2,500 F (1,370 C).
Cermet finds use in copper and brass melting pots, and in abrasive atmospheres of elevated temperature
where particles might damage a metal thermowell operating near its softening point.
Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide is another very inert material which resists attacks from many aggressive environments,
such as sulphur gases. Having a low co-efficient of thermal expansion, it has an excellent resistance to
thermal shock and a good thermal conductivity. The material is made by the Carborundum Company.
Two types of silicon carbide are available:
- carbofrax A: about 90% silicon carbide with the balance being mainly silica;
- KT silicon carbide: about 96% silicon carbide.
Thermowells of carbofrax are considerably less expensive than KT silicon carbide, but are not gas tight. However, they give excellent service at high temperatures up to 3,000 F (1,649 C). An inner alumina sleeve is used to protect a platinum-rhodium thermocouple from contamination when it is the sensor of choice.
KT silicon carbide is used for special applications when high density gas tight thermowells are needed.
Silicon carbide is often used in the steel industry, due to its good thermal shock resistance and elevated
temperature capabilities. It is used as a protection tube, which is inserted into a ladle to read the melt
temperature.
Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a synthetic material made by the Carborundum Company which can be used in oxidizing
atmospheres up to about 2,000 F (1,094 C) or in reducing of inert atmospheres up to about 5,000 F
(2,760 C). It has a very low co-efficient of thermal expansion and hense excellent resistance to thermal
shock. It is not wetted by many liquid metals. A big advantage is that it is machinable with ordinary tooling and has lubricating characteristics somewhat similar to graphite. Recent applications where boron
nitride has been used include as an intermittent thermowell with a B calibration thermocouple to measure
pouring temperatures of cupro nickels.
83

Alumina and Mullite
Alumina (aluminum oxide) and mullite (a compound of alumina and silica) have been used for many years
as thermowells for chromel-alumel and platinum-rhodium thermocouples. They can be used for high temperatures: 3,450 F (1,900 C) for high purity alumina and 3,100 F (1,700 C) for mullite. One problem with
these materials: they are subject to thermal shock. They can crack if subjected to sudden or non-uniform,
localized heating or cooling.
Mullite has a co-efficient of thermal expansion of about 2/3 of alumina and a consequently somewhat better resistance to thermal shock. Both materials are gas tight. Alumina, other than mullite, should be used
with platinum-rhodium thermocouples for any conditions rather than oxidizing. The reason: the silicon can
be reduced from the mullite and will contaminate platinum-rhodium thermocouples, thereby throwing them
out of calibration.
Typical applications for alumina and mullite protection tubes include heat treatment furnaces operating
at high temperatures, where little danger from thermal shock or from mechanical damage is involved.
This type of protection tube is also widely used in the glass industry.
84
12. MELtING TEMPERATURES OF METALS
Tungsten .........
Tantalum .........
Molybdenum ...
Niobium ..........
(Columbium)
6,000/3,315 F/C
........................ Rhenim
5,000/2,760 F/C
......................... Osium
......................... Iridium
3,000/1,694 F/C
Chromium .......
Titanium ..........
Zirconium ........
Iron ..................
Cobalt ..............
Nickel ..............
........................ Rhodium
........................ Platinum
........................ Vanadium
2,000/1,093 F/C
.........................Palladium
Beryllium .........
Manganese .....
............................. Stainless
............................. Steels
.............................
Cast Irons
Uranium ..........
Copper ............
1,000/538 F/C
................ Gold (24 Karat)
Silver ...............
Brasses ...........
Magnesium .....
18 Karat
12 Karat Gold Alloys
10 Karat
.............. Aluminium
500/260 F/C
Zinc .................
Lead ................
Bismuth ..........
Tin ...................
Indium .............
Gallium ............
Mercury ...........
Silver
Solders
.............. Cadmium
Silver
500/260 F/C
Solders
.............................
F/C
85

Summary table metallic thermowell materials
Designation
Nominal
composition
Max.
temp.
Meting range
Application notes
(cont.serv., air)
SS 304
18 % Chromium
81 % Nickel
1,652 F
900 C
2,550-2,640 F
1,399-1,449 C
The general purpose austenitic SS.

Subject to carbide precipitation in
the 480 to 870 C range.
Corrosion resistant in the annealed
conditions. Not affected by sterilizing solutions, foodstuffs, most
dyestuffs, organic chemicals and
many inorganic chemicals.
SS 310
25 % Chromium
20 % Nickel
2,100 F
1,148 C
2,550-2,640 F
1,399-1,449 C
Very high elevated temperature

strength and scale resistance.
Superior to 304 in much high
temperature applications. Good
resistance to carburizing and
reducing environments. Subject to
carbide precipitation in the 480 to
870 C range.
SS 316
18 % Chromium
12 % Nickel
2-3% Molybdenum
1,650 F
899 C
2,550-2,550 F
1,399-1,399 C
Higher corrosion resistance than

type 304. High creep strength.
Withstands sulphurous acid
compounds resists tendency to
pit in phosphoric and acetic acids.
Subject to carbide precipitation in
the 426 to 815 C range.
SS 321
SS 347
Similar to 304
but carbide
stabilized
1,600 F
871 C
2,550-2,600 F
1,399-1,426 C
Carbide stabilized grade intended

to prevent harmful precipitation of
chromium carbides and the resulting susceptibility to inter granular
corrosion. For corrosion conditions
and intermittent heating and cooling applications between 426 to
815 C range.
86

Summary table metallic thermowell materials
Designation
Nominal
composition
Max.
temp.
Meting range
Application notes
(cont.serv., air)
Inconel 600
76 % Nickel
15,5 % Chromium
2,100 F
1,148 C
2,470-2,575 F
1,354-1,412 C
Good in several corrosive environments and at elevated temperatures. High hot strength and
resistance to progressive oxidation.
Incoloy 800
32,5 % Nickel
46 % Iron
21 % Chromium
2,000 F
1,093 C
2,475-2,525 F
1,357-1,385 C
Good elevated temperature resistance to oxidation and carburization. Good sulphur and corrosion
resistance.
Hastelloy B
61 % Nickel
2,200 F
28 % Molybdenum 1,204 C
2,300-2,470 F
1,260-1,354 C
Excellent corrosion resistance to

hydrochloric, sulphuric phosphoric, and acetic acids. Excellent
corrosion. Resistance to hydrogen
chloride gas.
Hastelloy C
54 % Nickel
2,200 F
15,5 % Chromium
4 % Tungsten
2,300-2,470 F
1,260-1,354 C
Excellent corrosion resistance to

many chemical environments, including ferric and cupric chlorides,
contaminated mineral acids, wet
chlorine gas. Oxidation resistance
to 982 C.
Hastelloy X
47 % Nickel
2,200 F
22 % Chromium
0,5 % Tungsten
2,300-2,470 F
1,260-1,354 C
Good high temperature strength

and resistance to oxidations to
1,200 C. Also good for reducing
conditions.
87
13. STANDARD FLANGE sizes

SLIP-ON FLANGES
According to DIN EN 1092-1 type PN10 (DIN 2576)
OD
bolts
weight
grades
st
draad
4301/4307
4401/4404
thread
d2
mm
kg/st
nr
kg/pc
(304/304L)
(316/316L)
M 12
14
0,605
M 12
14
0,675
65
M 12
14
0,669
16
75
M 12
14
0,75
16
75
M 12
14
0,94
d1
mm
d5
mm
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
e
mm
10
17,2
17,7
90
14
60
15
20
21
95
14
65
15
21,3
22
95
14
20
25
26
105
20
26,9
27,6
105
NW
88
flange dimensions in mm
25
30
31
115
16
85
M 12
14
1,14
25
33,7
34,4
115
16
85
M 12
14
1,11
32
38
39
140
16
100
M 16
18
1,66
32
42,4
43,1
140
16
100
M 16
18
1,62
40
44,5
45,5
150
16
110
M 16
18
1,89
40
48,3
49
150
16
110
M 16
18
1,86
50
50,8
51,9
165
18
125
M 16
18
2,6
50
54
55,1
165
18
125
M 16
18
2,57
50
57
58,1
165
18
125
M 16
18
2,51
50
60,3
61,1
165
18
125
M 16
18
2,47
65
70
71,1
185
18
145
M 16
18
3,15
65
76,1
77,1
185
18
145
M 16
18

According to DIN EN 1092-1 type PN10 (DIN 2576)
OD
bolts
d1
mm
d5
mm
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
e
mm
80
84
85,5
200
20
160
80
88,9
90,3
200
20
160
NW
weight
grades
kg/st
4301/4307
4401/4404
kg/pc
(304/304L)
(316/316L)
st
draad
nr
thread
d2
mm
M 16
18
3,95
M 16
18
3,79
x
x
100 101,6
103,2
220
20
180
M 16
18
4,58
100
104
105,6
220
20
180
M 16
18
4,38
100
106
107,6
220
20
180
M 16
18
4,3
100
108
109,6
220
20
180
M 16
18
4,2
100 114,3
115,9
220
20
180
M 16
18
4,03
125
129
130,8
250
22
210
M 16
18
5,92
125
133
134,8
250
22
210
M 16
18
5,71
125 139,7
141,6
250
22
210
M 16
18
5,46
150
154
156,1
285
22
240
M 20
22
6,88
150
156
158,1
285
22
240
M 20
22
6,8
150
159
161,1
285
22
240
M 20
22
6,72
150 168,3
170,5
285
22
240
M 20
22
6,57
200
204
206,8
340
24
295
M 20
22
10,41
200
206
208,7
340
24
295
M 20
22
9,91
200 219,1
221,8
340
24
295
M 20
22
9,31
200 219,1
221,8
340
24
295
12
M 20
22
9,31
250
257,2
395
26
350
12
M 20
22
12,98
254
OD
NW
d1
mm
d5
mm
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
bolts
e
mm
st
draad
nr
thread
weight
grades
d2
mm
kg/st
4301/4307
4401/4404
kg/pc
(304/304L)
(316/316L)
250
256
259,2
395
26
350
12
M 20
22
12,9
250
273
276,2
395
26
350
12
M 20
22
11,9
300
304
307,7
445
26
400
12
M 20
22
15,8
300
306
309,7
445
26
400
12
M 20
22
15,3
300
323,9
327,6
445
26
400
12
M 20
22
13,8
350
355,6
359,7
505
28
460
16
M 20
22
20,6
400
406,4
411
565
32
515
16
M 24
26
27,9
450
457,2
462,3
615
38
565
20
M 24
26
35,6
500
508
513,6
670
38
620
20
M 24
26
41,1
600
609,6
615,7
780
44
725
20
M 27
30
56,3
700
711
716,5
895
50
840
24
M 27
30
80,4
800
813
820
1015
56
950
24
M 27
30
113,2
900
914
921,5
1115
62
1050
28
M 33
36
138,3
89

According to ASTM-A 182 SO/RF 150 LBS
OD
NW
90
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
h
mm
bolts
m
mm
J
mm
g
mm
st
nr
l
mm
weight
kg/st
kg/pc
grades
304/L
316/L
1/2
88,9
11,1
60,3
15,9
30,2
22,3
34,9
15,9
0,5
3/4
98,4
12,7
69,8
15,9
38,1
27,7
42,9
15,9
0,9
x
x
1 107,9
14,3
79,4
17,5
49,2
34,5
50,8
15,9
0,9
1.1/4 117,5
15,9
88,9
20,6
58,7
43,2
63,5
15,9
1,4
1.1/2 127
17,5
98,4
22,2
65,1
49,5
73
15,9
1,4
2 152,4
19,1
120,6
25,4
77,8
62
92,1
19
2,3
2.1/2 177,8
22,2
139,7
28,6
90,5
74,7
104,8
19
3,2
3 190,5
23,8
152,4
30,2
107,9
90,7
127
19
3,6
4 228,6
23,8
190,5
33,3
134,9
116,1
157,2
19
5,9
x
x
5 254
23,8
215,9
36,5
163,5
143,8
185,7
22,2
6,8
6 279,4
25,4
241,3
39,7
192,1
170,7
215,9
22,2
8,6
8 342,9
28,6
298,4
44,4
246,1
221,5
269,9
22,2
13,6
10 406,4
30,2
361,9
49,2
304,8
276,4
323,8
12
25,4
19,5
12 482,6
31,8
431,8
55,6
365,1
327,2
381
12
25,4
29
14 533,4
34,9
476,2
57,1
400
259,2
412,7
12
28,6
41
16 596,9
36,5
539,7
63,5
457,2
410,5
469,9
16
28,6
44,5
18 635
39,7
577,8
68,3
504,8
461,8
533,4
16
31,7
59
20 698,5
42,9
635
73
558,8
513,1
584,2
20
31,7
75
24 812,8
47,6
749,3
82,5
663,6
616
692,1
20
34,9
99,8

According to ASTM-A 182 SO/RF 300 LBS
OD
NW
D
mm
bolts
b
mm
k
mm
h
mm
m
mm
J
mm
g
mm
st
nr
weight
grades
l
mm
kg/st
kg/pc
304/L
316/L
1/2
95,2
14,3
66,7
22,2
38,1
22,3
34,9
15,9
0,9
3/4
117,5
15,9
82,5
25,4
47,6
27,7
42,9
19
1,4
123,8
17,5
88,9
27
54
34,5
50,8
19
1,4
1.1/4
133,3
19
98,4
27
63,5
43,2
63,5
19
1,8
1.1/2
155,6
20,6
114,3
30,2
69,8
49,5
73
22,2
2,7
165,1
22,2
127
33,3
84,1
62
92,1
19
3,2
2.1/2
190,5
25,4
149,2
38,1
100
74,7
104,8
22,2
4,5
209,5
28,6
168,3
42,9
117,5
90,7
127
22,2
5,9
254
31,8
200
47,6
146
116,1
157,2
22,2
10
279,4
34,9
234,9
50,8
177,8
143,8
185,7
22,2
12,7
317,5
36,5
269,9
52,4
206,4
170,7
215,9
12
22,2
17,7
381
41,3
330,2
61,9
260,3
221,5
269,9
12
25,4
26,3
444,5
47,6
387,3
66,7
320,7
276,4
323,8
16
28,6
36,7
12
520,7
50,8
450,8
73
374,6
327,2
381
16
31,7
52,2
14
584,2
54
514,3
76,2
425,4
359,2
412,7
20
31,7
74,8
16
647,7
57,2
571,5
82,5
482,6
410,5
469,9
20
34,9
86,2
e
e
10
18
711,2
60,3
628,5
88,9
533,4
461,8
533,4
24
34,9
113
20
774,7
63,5
685,8
95,2
587,4
513,1
584,2
24
34,9
143
24
914,4
69,8
812,8
106,4
701,7
616
692,1
24
41,3
215
91

BLIND FLANGES
According to DIN EN 1092-1 type 05 PN64 (DIN 2527)
flange dimensions
in mm
OD
NW
92
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
bolts
max
d9
st
draad
nr
thread
weight
d2
mm
grades
kg/st
4301/4307
kg/pc
(304/304L)
4401/4404
(316/316L)
50
180
26
135
M20
22
4,5
65
205
26
160
45
M20
22
5,7
80
215
28
170
60
M20
22
6,9
100
250
30
200
80
M24
26
10,1
125
295
34
240
105
M27
30
16
150
345
36
280
130
M30
33
23,5
(175)
375
40
310
155
12
M30
33
30,8
200
415
42
345
180
12
M33
36
39,7
250
470
46
400
220
12
M33
36
57,4
300
530
52
460
270
16
M33
36
81
350
600
56
525
310
16
M36
39
114
400
670
60
585
360
16
M39
42
153

According to DIN 2527/E ND 100
flange dimensions
in mm
OD
NW
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
bolts
max
d9
st
draad
nr
thread
weight
d2
mm
grades
kg/st
4301/4307
kg/pc
(304/304L)
4401/4404
(316/316L)
10
100
20
70
M12
14
15
105
20
75
M12
14
1,2
25
140
24
100
M16
18
2,7
32
155
24
110
M20
22
3,2
40
170
26
125
M20
22
4,1
50
195
28
145
M24
26
5,8
65
220
30
170
45
M24
26
80
230
32
180
60
M24
26
9,4
100
265
36
210
80
M27
30
14,3
125
315
40
250
105
M30
33
22,6
150
355
44
290
130
12
M30
33
31,8
(175)
385
48
320
155
12
M30
33
41,3
200
430
52
360
180
12
M33
36
56,1
250
505
60
430
210
12
M36
39
89,6
300
585
68
500
260
16
M39
42
11
350
655
74
560
300
16
M45
48
175
93

According to ASTM-A 182 BL/RF 150 LBS
OD
D
mm
NW
94
b
mm
k
mm
bolts
g
mm
st
nr
weight
l
mm
kg/st
kg / pc
grades
304/L
316/L
1/2
88,9
11,1
60,3
34,9
15,9
0,5
3/4
98,4
12,7
69,8
42,9
15,9
0,9
108
14,3
79,4
50,8
15,9
0,9
1.1/4
117,5
15,9
88,9
63,5
15,9
1,4
1.1/2
127
17,5
98,4
73
15,9
1,8
152,4
19,1
120,6
92,1
19
2,3
2.1/2
177,8
22,2
139,7
104,8
19
3,2
190,5
23,8
152,4
127
19
4,1
228,6
23,8
190,5
157,2
19
7,7
254
23,8
215,9
185,7
22,2
9,1
279,4
25,4
241,3
215,9
22,2
11,8
342,9
28,6
298,4
269,9
22,2
21
10
406,4
30,2
361,9
323,8
12
25,4
31,8
12
482,6
31,8
431,8
381
12
25,4
49,9
14
533,4
34,9
476,2
412,7
12
28,6
63,5
16
596,9
36,5
539,7
469,9
16
28,6
81,6
18
635
39,7
577,8
533,4
16
31,7
99,8
20
698,5
42,9
635
584,2
20
31,7
129
24
812,8
47,6
749,3
692,1
20
34,9
195

According to ASTM-A 182 BL/RF 300 LBS
OD
D
mm
NW
b
mm
k
mm
bolts
g
mm
st
nr
weight
l
mm
kg/st
kg /pc
grades
304/L
316/L
1/2
95,2
14,3
66,5
34,9
15,9
0,9
3/4
117,5
15,9
82,5
42,9
19
1,4
123,8
17,5
88,9
50,8
19
1,4
1.1/4
133,3
19
98,4
63,5
19
1,8
1.1/2
155,6
20,6
114,3
73
22,2
2,7
165,1
22,2
127
92,1
19
3,6
2.1/2
190,5
25,4
149,2
104,8
22,2
5,4
209,5
28,6
168,3
127
22,2
7,3
254
31,8
200
157,2
22,2
12,2
279,4
34,9
234,9
185,7
22,2
15,9
317,5
36,5
269,9
215,9
12
22,2
22,7
381
41,3
330,2
269,9
12
25,4
36,7
10
444,5
47,6
387,3
323,8
16
28,6
57
12
520,7
50,8
450,8
381
16
31,7
84
14
584,2
54
514,3
412,7
20
31,7
113
16
647,7
57,2
571,5
469,9
20
34,9
134
18
711,2
60,3
628,6
533,4
24
34,9
178
20
774,7
63,5
685,8
584,2
24
34,9
229
24
914,4
69,8
812,8
692,1
24
41,3
358
95

WELDING NECK FLANGES
According to ASTM-A 182 WN/RF 150 LBS
OD
a
mm
NW
96
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
h
mm
m
mm
bolts
J
mm
g
mm
st
nr
l
mm
weight
kg/st
kg/pc
grades
304/L
316/L
1/2
21,3
88,9
11,1
60,3
47,6
30,2
15,8
34,9
15,9
0,9
3/4
26,7
98,4
12,7
69,8
52,4
38,1
20,8
42,9
15,9
0,9
33,5
107,9
14,3
79,4
55,6
49,2
26,7
50,8
15,9
1,4
1.1/4
42,2
117,5
15,9
88,9
57,1
58,7
35,1
63,5
15,9
1,4
1.1/2
48,3
127
17,5
98,4
61,9
65,1
40,9
73
15,9
1,8
60,5
152,4
19,1
120,6
63,5
77,8
52,6
92,1
19,1
2,7
2.1/2
73,2
177,8
22,2
139,7
69,8
90,5
62,7
104,8
19,1
3,6
88,9
190,5
23,8
152,4
69,8
107,9
78
127
19,1
4,5
114,3
228,6
23,8
190,5
76,2
134,9
102,4
157,2
19,1
6,8
114,3
254
23,8
215,9
88,9
163,5
128,3
185,7
22,2
8,6
168,4
279,4
25,4
241,3
88,9
192,1
154,2
215,9
22,2
10,9
219,2
342,9
28,6
298,4
101,6
246,1
202,7
269,9
22,2
17,7
10
273,1
406,4
30,2
362
101,6
304,8
254,5
323,8
12
25,4
23,6
12
323,9
482,6
31,8
431,8
114,3
365,1
304,8
381
12
25,4
36,3
14
355,6
533,4
34,9
476,2
127
400
412,7
12
28,6
50
16
406,4
596,9
36,5
539,7
127
457,2
469,9
16
28,6
64
18
457,2
635
39,7
577,8
139,7
504,8
533,4
16
31,8
68
20
508
698,5
42,9
635
144,5
558,8
584,2
20
31,8
81,6
24
609,6
812,8
47,6
749,3
152,4
663,6
692,1
20
34,9
118

According to ASTM-A 182 WN/RF 150 LBS
OD
a
mm
NW
D
mm
b
mm
k
mm
h
mm
m
mm
bolts
J
mm
g
mm
st
nr
l
mm
weight
kg/st
kg/pc
grades
304/L
316/L
1/2
21,3
95,2
14,3
66,7
52,4
38,1
15,8
34,9
15,9
0,9
3/4
26,7
117,5
15,9
82,5
57,1
47,6
20,8
42,9
19,1
1,4
33,5
123,8
17,5
88,9
61,9
54
26,7
50,8
19,1
1,8
1.1/4
42,2
133,4
19,1
98,4
65,1
63,5
35,1
63,5
19,1
2,3
1.1/2
48,3
155,6
20,6
114,3
68,3
69,8
40,9
73
22,2
3,2
60,5
165,1
22,2
127
69,8
84,1
52,6
92,1
19,1
4,1
2.1/2
73,2
190,5
25,4
149,2
76,2
100
62,7
104,8
22,2
5,4
88,9
210
28,6
168,3
79,4
117,5
78
127
22,2
6,8
114,3
254
31,8
200
85,7
146,1
102,4
157,2
22,2
11,3
141,2
279,4
34,9
235
98,4
177,8
128,3
185,7
22,2
14,5
e
x
168,4
317,5
36,5
269,9
98,4
206,4
154,2
215,9
12
22,2
19
219,2
381
41,3
330,2
111,1
260,4
202,7
269,9
12
25,4
30,4
10
273,1
444,5
47,6
387,3
117,5
320,7
254,5
323,8
16
28,6
41,3
12
323,9
520,7
50,8
450,8
130,2
374,6
304,8
381
16
31,7
63,5
14
355,6
584,2
54
514,3
142,9
425,4
412,7
20
31,7
81,6
16
406,4
647,7
57,2
571,5
146,1
482,6
469,9
20
34,9
113
18
457,2
711,2
60,3
628,6
158,8
533,4
533,4
24
34,9
145
20
508
774,7
63,5
685,8
161,9
587,4
584,2
24
34,9
181
24
609,6
914,4
69,8
812,8
168,3
701,7
692,1
24
41,3
263
97

APPLICATIONS / PROTECTION TUBE MATERIALS
Application
Protection tube material
Heat treatment
Annealing

Carburizing hardening

Iron and Steel
Basic oxygen furnace
Blast furnace:
- down comer

- stove dome

- hot blast main
- stove trunk

- stove outlet flue
Open hearth:
- flues and stack
- checkers

- waste heat boiler
Billet heating slab heating
and butt welding

Bright annealing batch:
- top work temperature
- bottom work temperature
Continuous furnace section:
- forging

- soaking pits

Nonferrous materials
Aluminium melting
Aluminium heat treating
Brass or bronze
Lead

Magnesium

Tin

Zinc

98
: - up to 704 C
- over 704 C
: - up to 816 C
-
1,093 C
- over 1,093 C
- nitriding salts bath
- cyanide
- neutral
- high speed
Black steel
Inconel 600, SS 446
Black steel, SS 446
Inconel 600, SS 446
Ceramic
SS 446
Nickel (CP)
SS 446
Ceramic
Quartz
Inconel 600, SS 446

Silicon carbide
Inconel 600
Inconel 600
Black steel
Inconel 600, SS 446

Inconel 600, cermets
Inconel 600, SS 446
: - up to 1,093C
- over 1,093C
Inconel 600, SS 446

Silicon ceramic carbide
Not required (use bare wire J T/C)

SS 446

: - up to 1,093 C
- over 1,093 C


Inconel 600

Cast iron (white-washed)

Black steel
Not required (use dip-type T/C)
SS 446, black steel
Black steel, cast iron
Extra heavy carbon steel
Extra heavy carbon steel

Application
Cement
Exit flues

Kilns, heating zone
Inconel 600, SS 446

Inconel 600
Ceramic
Kilns

Dryers

Vitreous enamelling
Ceramic and silicon carbide

Silicon carbide, black steel
Inconel 600, SS 446
Glass
Fore hearths and feeders
Tanks roof and wall
Flues and checkers
Platinum thimbles
Ceramic
Inconel 600, SS 446
Paper
Digesters
SS 316, SS 446
Petroleum
Cracking lines
Dewaxing
Towers
Transfer lines
Bridge wall
SS 316
SS 304, SS 316, SS 310, SS 321
SS 304, SS 316, SS 310, SS 321
SS 304, SS 316, SS 310, SS 321
Inconel 600
Power
Coal-air mixtures
Flue gases
Pre heaters
Steam lines
Water lines
Boiler tubes
SS 304
Black steel, SS 446
Black steel, SS 446
SS 347, SS 316
Low carbon steel
SS 304, SS 310
Gas producers
Producer gas
Water gas

: - carburettor
- super heater
SS 446
Inconel 600, SS 446
Inconel 600, SS 446
Incinerators

: - up to 1,093 C
- over 1,093 C
Inconel 600, SS 446

Ceramic, silicon carbide (secondary)
99

Application
100
Food
Baking ovens

Char retort, sugar
Vegetables and fruit
Chemical
Acetic acid

Alcohol, ethyl, methyl
Ammonia

Ammonium chloride
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulphate
Barium chloride

Barium hydroxide
Barium sulphide
Butadiene

Butane

Butyl acetate

Butyl alcohol

Calcium chlorate
Calcium hydroxide

Carbolic acid

Chlorine gas

Chromic acid

Citric acid

Copper nitrite

Copper sulphate
Cyanogen gas

Dow therm

Ether

Ethyl acetate

Ethyl chloride

Ethyl sulphate

Ferric chloride

Ferric sulphate

Ferrous sulphate dilute
Formaldehyde

Freon

Gallic acid

: - 10-50%, 21 C
- 50%, 100 C
- 99%, 21-100 C
: 21-100 C

: all concentration, 21-100 C
: all concentration, 100 C
: all concentration, 21-100 C
: 10% to saturated, 100 C
: at 21 C

: at 21 C

: dilute 21 to 66 C
: - 10 to 20%, 100 C
- 50% at 100 C
: all 100 C

: - dry at 21 C
- moist -7 to 100 C
: 10 to 50% at 100 C
: concentrated at 100 C

: 21 C

: 21 C

: 5%, 21 C to boiling
: 5%, 21 C

: 21 C

: 5%, 21 to 66 C
Black steel
Black steel
SS 304
SS 304, Hastelloy C, Monel
SS 316, Hastelloy C, Monel
Hastelloy C, Monel
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 316, Monel
SS 316
SS 316
Monel, Hastelloy C
Low carbon steel
Nichrome, Hastelloy C
SS 304
SS 304
Monel
Copper, SS304
SS 304
SS 304, Hastelloy C
SS 304, Hastelloy C
SS 316
SS 316, Monel
Hastelloy C
SS 316, Hastelloy C
SS 316, Hastelloy C
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304
Low carbon steel
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304, low carbon steel
Monel
Tantalum, Hastelloy C
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
Monel
Monel

Application
Gasoline
Glucose
Glycerin
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid

Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulphide
Iodine
Kerosene
Lactic acid
Magnesium chloride

Magnesium sulphate
Muratic acid
Naphtha
Natural gas
Nickel chloride
Nickel sulphate
Nitric acid

Nitrobenzene
Oleic acid
Oxalic acid

Oxygen
Steel
Palmitic acid
Pentane
Phenol
Phosphoric acid

Picric acid
Potassium bromide
Potassium carbonite

: 21 C

: 21 C

: 21 C

: 98%, 100 C
: - 1- 5%, 21 C
- 1-25%, 100 C
: 60%, 100 C
: 21 to 100 C
: wet and dry

: - 5%, 21 C
- 5%, 100 C
: hot and cold

: 21 C

: 21 C

: 21 C

: hot and cold
: - 5%, 21 C
- 20%, 21 C
- 50%, 100 C
- 65%, 100 C
- concentrated, 100 C

: 21 C

: - 5% hot, cold
- 10%, 100 C
: 21 C

SS 304
SS 304
SS 304
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy C, Monel
SS 316, SS 304
SS 316
Hastelloy C, tantalum
SS 304
SS 316
Monel, nickel
Carpenter 20CB3
Monel
Hastelloy B
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 316
Tantalum
SS 304
SS 316
SS 304
Monel

: - 1-5%, 21 C
- 10%, 21 C
- 10%, 100 C
- 30%, 21-100C
- 85%, 21-100C
: 21 C

: 21 C

: 1% at 21 C
SS 316
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304
SS 316
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy B
SS 304
SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
101

Application
Potassium hydroxide

Potassium nitrate
Potassium sulphate
Potassium sulphide
Propane
Pyrogallic acid
Quinine sulphate
Seawater
Salicylic acid
Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium chloride

Sodium fluoride
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium nitrate
Sodium sulphate
Sodium sulphide

Sulphur dioxide

Sulphur

Sulphuric acid

Tannic acid
Tartaric acid

Toluene
Turpentine
Vinegar
Water distilled
Whiskey and wine
Xylene
Zinc chloride
Zinc sulphate

102

: - 5-25%, 21-100 C
- 60% at 100 C

: 21 C

: 21 C

: dry

: - all concentration, 21 C
- 5% at 66 C
: - 5%, 21-66 C
- saturated 21-100 C
: 5%, 21 C

: fused

: 21 C

: - 21 C

- 30%, 66 C
: - moist gas, 21 C
- gas, 302 C
: - dry molten
- wet

: - 5-90% at 21-100 C
- 90% above 100 C
: 21 C

: - 21 C

- 66 C

: return condensate

: - 5%, 21 C
- saturated, 21 C
SS 304
SS 316
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304
SS 304
Monel, Hastelloy C
Nickel
SS 304
SS 304, SS 316
SS 316
SS 316, Monel
Monel
SS 304, SS 316, Hastelloy C
SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 316
SS 304
SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304
SS 316
Hastelloy B
Hastelloy D
SS 304, Hastelloy B
SS 304
SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
SS 316
SS 304
SS 304, nickel
Copper
Monel, Hastelloy B
SS 304, SS 316
SS 304, SS 316
15. COMPARISON OF NEMA AND IEC STANDARDS

European IEC STANDARDS
European IEC specifications 144 & 529 define the degree of protection provided to electrical enclosures to
safeguard personnel against electric shock an equipment within the enclosures from environmental contamination such as entry of water. This is expressed by the letters IP followed by two numbers.
NEMA AND IEC STANDARDS

In the USA, NEMA and UL have established a rating system for enclosures which provides different levels of
protection. A direct comparison between IEC and NEMA is not possible but the following table gives an approximate guide.
IP Definition
Protection to
IEC 144/855420
Protection to NEMA
enclosure type
NEMA Definition
Protection against solid objects

greater than 12 mm
IP 20
NEMA 1
(ventilated)
general purpose

greater than 2,5 mm
IP 30
NEMA 1
general purpose

greater than 12 mm and dripping
water
IP 21
NEMA 2
(ventilated)
drip proof

greater than 2,5 mm and dripping
water
IP 31
NEMA 2
drip proof

greater than 12 mm and dripping
water
IP 24
NEMA 3R
(ventilated)
rain proof sleet

(ice) resistant
outdoor use

greater than 2,5 mm and dripping
water
IP 34
NEMA 3R
rain proof sleet

(ice) resistant
outdoor use
Protection against dust and

splashing liquids
IP 54
Dusttight and protected against

water jets
IP 65
NEMA 12
induct use
dusttight &
driptight

heavy seas
IP 66
NEMA 35
dusttight
driptight

heavy seas
IP 66
NEMA 4
dusttight
watertight
NEMA 4X
dusttight
watertight
corrosion
resistant

water entry at one meter immersion
IP 67

heavy submersion
IP 68
NEMA 6
submersible
watertight
dusttight sleet
(ice) resistant
indoor & outdoor
Protection against sleet (ice) not

specified by IEC
NEMA 13
oiltight & dusttight
103
16. EX GUIDE LINE

Types of protection
IEC/Europe
North America
Zone 0
Exia
Div. 1 Zone 0
now recognised

Zone 1

Exd-flameproof
Exi-intrinsic safety ia&ib
Exe-increased safety
Class I
Div. 1

Type of protection:
explosionproof
purged
intrinsic safety
oil immersion
Zone 2

All types suitable for Zone 0 and 1

Type N, ExN or Exn
N=BS 1998 n=EN1999
Class I
Div. 2

Type of protection:
All types suitable for
Div. 1 and Non-incendive
ATEX approvals
Type XPS1
Ex II 2G Exe II T6 to T1 for use in zone 1 and 2 according ATEX EN-60079-0-2006 and EN-60079-7-2007
Type XPS2
Ex II 2G Exia IIC T6 to T1 for use in zone 0, 1 and 2 according ATEX EN-60079-0-2006 and EN-60079-11-2007
Type XPS2
Ex II 2G Exib IIC T6 to T1 for use in zone 0, 1 and 2 according ATEX EN-60079-0-2006 and EN-60079-11-2007
Type XPS3
Ex II 2G Exd IIC T6 to T1 for use in zone 1 and 2 according ATEX EN-60079-0-2006 and EN-60079-1-2007
Type XPS4
Ex II 3G ExenA II T6 to T1 for use in zone 2 according ATEX EN-60079-0-2006 and EN-60079-15-2005
Type XPS1
Exe II T6 T1 for use in zone 1 and 2
Type XPS2
Exia IIC T6T1 for use in zone 0, 1 and 2
Type XPS2
Exib IIC T6T1 for use in zone 0, 1 and 2
Type XPS3
Exd IIC T6T1 for use in zone 1 and 2
Type XPS4
ExnA II T6 T1 for use in zone 2
IEC/EX approvals
104
17. AWG WIRE SIZE

Specifications
Solid Conductors
Wire size
AWG
Diameter
mm
8,25
53,57
12
Stranded Conductors
Stranding
Diameter
n x mm
mm
dia.
7 x 0,81
2,44
6,54
33,57
12
19 x 0,45
2,37
3,10
5,19
21,23
50 x 0,26
2,20
2,50
Circular
mm
Wire size
AWG
Circular
mm
3,65
4,12
13,30
14
7 x 0,64
1,85
2,28
3,26
8,36
14
16 x 0,40
1,85
2,08
1,95
10
2,59
5,26
14
19 x 0,36
1,85
12
2,05
3,31
48 x 0,20
1,70
1,50
14
1,63
2,08
16
7 x 0,51
1,52
1,44
1,38
1,50
16
19 x 0,29
1,47
1,24
16
1,29
1,33
7 x 0,43
1,30
1,00
18
1,02
0,82
32 x 0,21
1,38
1,00
20
0,81
0,52
17
19 x 0,25
1,35
0,95
22
0,64
0,32
18
7 x 0,40
1,22
0,90
24
0,51
0,20
18
16 x 0,25
1,19
0,82
26
0,40
0,13
18
19 x 0,25
1,24
0,97
28
0,32
0,08
24 x 0,21
1,20
0,75
30
0,25
0,05
20
7 x 0,30
0,95
0,52
32
0,20
0,03
20
16 x 0,20
0,93
0,50
34
0,16
0,02
20
19 x 0,20
0,94
0,62
36
0,13
0,01
24
7 x 0,20
0,61
0,23
38
0,10
0,008
24
19 x 0,13
0,61
0,24
40
0,08
0,005
26
7 x 0,16
0,48
0,14
28
7 x 0,13
0,38
0,07
30
7 x 0,10
0,30
0,057
32
7 x 0,08
0,22
0,034
34
7 x 0,06
0,19
0,022
36
7 x 0,05
0,15
0,014
The above listed dimensions are nominal values for comparison purposes only.
Thermo Electric standard wire sizes*

Solid (t/c)
14, 16, 20, 24 and 30 AWG
Stranded
16,20 and 24 AWG (t/c)

14, 16, 18 and 20 AWG (Cu)
* Other sizes are available on request or as non standard wire from stock.
For more information contact Doedijns Instrumentation (brand Thermo Electric).
105
18. INTERNATIONAL THERMOCOUPLE

COLOUR CODING
THERMOCOUPLE COLOUR CODING
Thermocouple Extension Type
JX
KX
WX / KCA
VX / KCB
TX
EX
NX
SX / RX
BX
106
+ Iron
- Constantan
+ Chromel
- Alumel
+ Iron
- Copper Ni
+ Copper
- Copper Ni
+ Copper
- Constantan
+ Chromel
- Constantan
+ Nicrosil
- Nisil
+ Copper
- Alloy 11
+ Copper-S
- Copper-E
ANSI
BS
DIN
NFC
JIS
IEC
Multipoint produced on-site
107
Doedijns Instrumentation B.V.
Doedijns Instrumentation Limited
| Coenecoop 71-73 | 2741 PH Waddinxveen | The Netherlands

| P.O. Box 179 | 2740 AD Waddinxveen | The Netherlands
| t. +31 [0] 182 30 28 50 | f. +31 [0] 182 30 27 75
| info@doedijns.com | www.doedijns-instrumentation.com
| 3 Glenholm Park | Brunel Drive

| Northern Road Industrial Estate | Newark | NG24 2EG
| t. +44 [0] 1636 612358 | f. +44 [0] 1636 671055
| info@doedijns.com | www.doedijns-instrumentation.co.uk
Doedijns Middle East & Africa FZE
Doedijns Asia Sdn. Bhd. (701989-P)
| P.O. Box # 261894 | Jebel Ali Free Zone

| Dubai | United Arab Emirates
| t. +971 4 887 6315 | f. +971 4 887 6314
| info@doedijns.com | www.doedijns.com
| 11A Jalan PJS 7/19 | Taman Bandar Sunway

| 46150 Petaling Jaya | Selangor D E | Malaysia
| t. +60 [0]3 5631 6733 | f. +60 [0]3 5632 6733
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Member of Doedijns International
Doedijns International B.V.
D11001_1_ENG
| Coenecoop 103 - 105 | 2741 PH Waddinxveen | The Netherlands

| P.O. Box 179 | 2740 AD Waddinxveen | The Netherlands
| t. +31 [0] 182 30 28 88 | f. +31 [0] 182 30 27 77
| info@doedijns.com | www.doedijns.com
Thermo Electic is a brand name of Doedijns International B.V. and is in no way affi liated with
Thermo Electric Co. Inc., a U.S. company, or Thermo Electric Company Ltd., a UK company

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WELCOME TO DOEDIJNS INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING, TESTING

Level switches and capacitive level sensors

2. MINERAL INSULATED TYPE THERMOCOUPLES

7. RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS AND TABLE

8. A FEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS

10. PIPE & TUBE END SIZE CHART PIPE SCHEDULES

11. METALLIC & NON-METALLIC THERMOWELL MATERIALS

12. MELTING TEMPERATURES OF METALS

13. STANDARD FLANGE SIZES

14. MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDE

15. COMPARISON OF NEMA AND IEC STANDARDS

16. EX GUIDE LINE

17. AWG WIRE SIZE

18. INTERNATIONAL THERMOCOUPLE COLOUR CODING

THERMO ELECTRIC LAWS

Law of Intermediate Temperatures

emfs are Additive for Temperatures Intervals

Summary of the three laws

THERMOCOUPLE BODY CONSTRUCTION

Sheath material characteristics

2. mINeRal INSUlaTeD Type THeRmOCOUpleS

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 316

Inconel 600 or SS 446

The table above lists the most common constructions. Other

Beaded element ceramic insulator with one bead

Beaded element ceramic insulators with several beads

As a general rule, it can be stated that the greater the mass of

LIMITS OF ERROR: STANDARD & PREMIUM GRADE

Acc. IEC 584 Class

Acc. IEC 584 Class

Basic -200C to +40C

Acc. IEC 584 Class

TOLERANCE CLASSES FOR THERMOCOUPLES (REFERENCE JUNCTION AT 0C)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Iron/copper-nickel (continued) (2)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Iron/copper-nickel (continued) (4)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Iron/copper-nickel (continued) (4)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Iron/copper-nickel (continued) (5)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Nickel chrome/nickel-aluminium (suite)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Nickel chrome/nickel-aluminium (suite)

Electromotive force as a function of temperature

Electromotive force as a function of temperature