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Turning circle data Stopping distance table Speed / RPM Table Thruster characteristics if fitted Conditions of weather for which above data is applicable
Final Diameter
The vessel turns with its bow inside and stern outside the tangent to the path of its PIVOT POINT centre of gravity.
Drift Angle
The angle between the tangent to this path, the turning circle and the centerline
The PIVOT POINT is the point at any instant during the turn, where the line drawn from the centre of curvature of the path meets the ships fore and aft line.
PIVOT POINT
PIVOT POINT WHEN SHIP IS STOPPED COINCIDES WITH THE SHIPS CENTRE OF GRAVITY APPROXIMATELY AMIDSHIPS.
COG
Pivot Point
PIVOT POINT WHEN MAKING HEADWAY TWO FORCES COME INTO PLAY FORWARD MOMENTUM OF THE SHIP. LONGITUDINAL RESISTANCE TO FORWARD MOMENTUM CREATED BY THE WATER AHEAD OF THE SHIP. AS A ROUGH ESTIMATE AT STEADY AHEAD SPEED THE PIVOT POINT SETTLES SOME WHERE BETWEEN AND 1/3rd OF SHIPS LENGTH FROM FORWARD.
PIVOT POINT
PIVOT POINT When making sternway the opposite happen and at steady astern speed. The pivot point settles somewhere between 1/3rd and 1/4th of the ships length from the stern.
MANOEUVRING STANDARDS
IMO Manoeuvring Standards (Resolution MSC.137 (76), 2002)
Turning ability Initial turning ability Yaw checking ability & course-keeping ability Stopping ability
Are the IMO Manoeuvring Standards & the Criteria good measure for safe navigation at sea ?
1. Turning circle Advance < 4.5 ship lengths Tactical diameter < 5 ship lengths
1. Zig-zag test Initial Turning Ability 100 rudder angle, a 100 heading change in less than 2.5 ship lengths. Yaw-checking and course keeping ability Overshoot angle < 250 in a turn when 200 rudder
Turning Ability
The advance should not exceed 4.5 ship lengths and the tactical diameter should not exceed 5 ship lengths in the 35 degree turning circle manoeuvre.
Yaw checking & Course-keeping ability Ship should not exceed the values of the first and second
overshoot angle (solid line in the figures) in the 10/10 zig-zag test & 25 of the first overshoot angle in the 20/20 zig-zag test
Yaw-checking & course-keeping abilities indices from seatrial. (IMO DE document by the Netherlands 2000)
1. Stopping Distance Crash stop The track reach should be < 15 ship lengths At the Administrations discretion Large Displacement vessels could be allowed to have a max track reach of upto 20 ship lengths
Stopping The track reach in the full astern stopping test should not Ability
exceed 15 ship lengths. However, this value may be modified by the Administration where the ships of large displacement make this criterion impracticable, but should in no case exceed 20 ship lengths.
Stopping Ability