EXPERIMENT 4 UNIFORM FLOW INTRODUCTION Uniform Flow occurs in long inclined channels of uniform cross section when the

terminal velocity is reached. This occurs when the loss of potential energy equals the work done against the Channel Surface Friction. In this condition the Water Surface is parallel to the bed of the Channel.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of the experiment are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Arrange work procedure accordingly. Execute safety and health procedure. Handle the given task correctly. Identify the data needed. Accomplish the task within a time frame given.

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AIM To determine constant volumetric flow rate of liquid through a section of channel that has a constant bottom slope, contant hydraulic radius (that is constant channel size and shape), and constant channel surface roughness (constant Manning and chezy roughness coefficient.)

PROBLEM STATEMENT How to determine constant volumetric flow rate of liquid through a section of channel that has a constant bottom slope, contant hydraulic radius (that is constant channel size and shape), and constant channel surface roughness (constant Manning and chezy roughness coefficient.)

EQUIPMENT HM 160 Multi- Purpose Teaching Flume.

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PROCEDURE 1. On the switch. 2. The channel swipe was controlled to be 1/500. 3. The caliper was set to zero at the channel bottom. 4. The pump was turned on to allow in the channel. 5. Several reading for the flow rate and the channel depth were taken. 6. Repeat the same step until 3 times. 7. Make were you record the data at the table below. 8. Calculate the data.

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RESULT : b(m) I Height of water d (m) 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.087 0.025 Area of flow A( 0.001392 0.001392 0.001740 Wet Perimeter P (m) 0.119 0.119 0.127 Hydraulic Gradient m (m) 0.012 0.012 0.014 Flow Rate, Q ( /s) Velocity V (m/s) 2.155 2.155 1.724 Manning coefficient N 0.004 0.004 0.005

0.003 0.003 0.003

b(m) I Height of water d (m) 0.019 0.019 0.025

0.087 0.025 Area of flow A( 0.001653 0.001653 0.002175 Wet Perimeter P (m) 0.125 0.125 0.137 Hydraulic Gradient m (m) 0.013 0.013 0.016 Flow Rate, Q ( /s) Velocity V (m/s) 2.420 2.420 1.839 Manning coefficient N 0.004 0.004 0.005

0.004 0.004 0.004

b(m) I Height of water d (m) 0.031 0.031 0.041

0.087 0.025 Area of flow A( 0.0027 0.0027 0.0036 Wet Perimeter P (m) 0.149 0. 149 0.169 Hydraulic Gradient m (m) 0.018 0.018 0.021 Flow Rate, Q ( /s) Velocity V (m/s) 2.963 2.963 2.222 Manning coefficient N 0.004 0. 004 0.005

0.008 0.008 0.008

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SAMPLE CALCULATION Example For Table 1 Flow rate , Q (m/s) = 0.003 Wet Perimeter P (m) = b+2d = 0.087 + 2(0.016) = 0.119 Hydraulic gradient m (m) = A/P = 0.001392 / 0.119 = 0.012 Velocity V (m/s) = Q/A = 0.003/0.001392 = 2.155 Manning Coefficient N = m X i V = 0.012 X 0.025 2.155 = 1.44 10 X 0.025 2.155 = 0.004

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PRE-LAB QUESTION 1. Define the manning and chezy equation for open channel flow Mannings equation. The normal depth is used to design artificial channels in a steady, uniform flow and is computed from Mannings equation The chezy equation The chezy equation is analogous to the darcy equation used in the flow of liquid through pipe .

v is the velocity of flow C is the Chezy constant. i is the slope of the channel or the slope of the hydraulic gradient A is the area of flow. P is the wetted perimeter of the channel m is the hydraulic mean depth which equals

=
CONCLUSION 1. Hydraulic jumps occur at abrupt transitions from supercritical to subcritical flow in the flow direction. 2. Uniform flow can occur only in a channel of constant cross section, roughness, and slope in the flow direction. 3. There are significant changes in the depth and velocity in the jump, and energy is dissipated. 4. For this reason, the hydraulic jump is often employed to dissipate energy and control erosion at stormwater management structures.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

THEORY....1 OBJECTIVE..1 AIM.....2 PROBLEM STATEMENT.2 APPRATUS....2 PROCEDURE....3 RESULT.........4 SAMPLE CALCULATION......5 PRE-LAB QUESTION.6 CONCLUSION.....6

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