Islam Ke Masle

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Aaja [slaama ko masalao

saccaa[- AaOr badlaava ko ilae ek Aah\vaana
bjkkn eka>h
BaartIya janata ko ilae
ihMdI maoM p`kaiSat
saaMsitk gaaOrva saMsqaana

na[- idllaI
[rSaad maajaI : ek p~kar saaqa hI maUit-BaMjak baaga,I AaOr ]nako hI SabdaoM maoM dutkarI mausalamaana
[sa ivavaadaspd ikntu ivacaarNaIya iktaba maoM [rSaad maaMjaI nao [slaama ko bauinayaadI ivacaaraoM kao hI caunaaOtI dI hO. Aaja
kI ga,hrI GaRNaa AaOr ihMsaa kI Baavanaa AaOr ibanaa saaocao kurana kao pUrI trh sahI maananao ko iKlaaf, ]nakI mauhIma hO. Apnao
ivavarNa maoM "[ijthad"[slaama kI Kao[- hu[- svatM~ ivacaar krnao kI puranaI pwit ka [ithasa batato hue ]sao ifr baZakr
[slaama kao sauQaarnao ko ilae vah Aah\vaana krtI hO.
M mausalamaana AaOr gaOr mausalamaana [sa p`stava ka AQyayana krko kuC Aagao baZoM
yahI ]mmaId hO.
ek na[- ivacaarvaMt laoiKka ko [na ivacaaraoM kao Baart kI samast janata ko saamanao laanao koo ilae hI "saaMskRitk gaaOrva
saMsqaana" kI trf sao [sa pustk kao p`kaiSat ikyaa jaa rha hO.hmaara p`yaasa yahI rha hO ik kovala SabdSa Anauvaad nahIM pr
maUla Baavanaa AaOr Aqa- ka Qyaana rKa jaae.
maUla ]dU- evaM AMga`jo a,I saMskrNaaoM koa laokr [sa ihndI iktaba ka gazna ikyaa gayaa hO. BaaYaaMtrkar maojar janarla ivaSvaasa
jaaogalaokr jaI ka janma puNao maMo huAa ivavaah laKna} maoM AaOr Aba inavaasa idllaI maoM hO.BaartIya saonaa maoM 34 vaYa- saovaa krko
inavaRi<a ko baad samaaja kaya- maoM jauTo hue hO.
M
pazkaoM sao yahI AnauraoQa hO ik vao Apnao ivacaar TIka yaa SaMkaeM hmaoM ja,$r BaojaM.
o pta evama\ [-maola ka pta p`stavanaa ko
AMt maoM hO.
fgUnh laLdj.k % ^^vkt bLyke ds elys**
lPpkbZ vkSj cnyko ds fy, ,d vkg~oku
lokZfkdkj lqjf{kr & Hkkkkarjdkj fookl tksxysdj] jkVh; mikku
lkaLfrd xkSjo laLFkku
ubZ fnYyh 110022] nwjHkkk 11 26195368
[vkbZ 703 lksefogkj] ubZ fnYyh 110022
nwjHkkk % 011 26191958 eksckby 1198992 37298]
[bl laLdj.k dk dksbZ fgLlk fyf[kr vuqefr ds fcuk fdlh Hkh dkj ls NikbZ ;k dkku i)fr]
lax.kd HkaMkj.k tSlh fdlh Hkh fdz;k ls djuk euk gSA leh{kk ds fy, NksVk m)j.k dj ldrs gSAa ]
vaxt
zs +h ,oa mnZw laLdj.k % lokZfkdkj lqjf{kr & bjkkn ekath 2003] 2005
ewy dkkd % fOgUVst dukMk] jSUMe gkml] VksjUVks] dukMk
dkkd % lkaLfrd xkSjo laLFkku]
MkdisVh la 5016] lsDVj 5] jke.kiqje~]
ubZ fnYyh 110022
0
lg;ksx jkfk % 65 #i;s
eqnd
z ,DlsyfaV
lh&36] ySVM
s QSDVh dkWEIysDl
>.Msokyku] ubZ fnYyh&110 055
ApNa pi~ka
Ap-Na
saadr samapNa
samap-Na
"prbat pr marnaovaalaa hr vaIr qaa BaartvaasaI"
Baart ko saBaI naagairk AaOr saOinak
ijanhaoMnao [sa doSa kI svatM~ta ko ilae
Apnao pàNaaoM kI Aahuit do dI.
1
vuqdzef.kdk
fok;
i`B
izLrkouk
,d [kqyh fpB~Bh **esjs lkFkh eqlyekuks*a !
v/;k;&1
% eSa nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku dSls cuh
v/;k;&2
lkj dqekfj;k
10
v/;k;&3
geus lkspuk dc cUn dj fn;k
16
v/;k;&4
% njokt+s vkSj dejcan
24
v/;k;&5
% dkSu fdldks /kks[kk ns jgk gS \
27
v/;k;&6
% bLyke
35
v/;k;&7
% vkijs'ku bfTrgkn
43
v/;k; 8
% lPpkbZ dh rkjhQ esa
52
v/;k;&9
% if'pe ds fy, ,s [kqnk] rsjk 'kqf;k
56
milagkj
60
2
izLrkouk
fiNys lky bj'kkn ekath ds uke vkSj ys[ku dh vksj gekjk /;ku vkdf"kZr gqvkA dqN 'kks/k djus ls yxk fd mudh
fy[kh gqbZ fdrkc **vkt bLyke ds elys** Hkkjr dh vke turk ds fy, mi;ksxh gksxhA bl fdrkc dks dukMk ds *jSM
a e
gkml* us igys vaxt
zs +h esa vkSj fQj mnZw esa Hkh Nkik FkkA dkQh izfrf;k,a Hkh gqbAZa dqN iz'kalkRed] dqN fuankRed & ij ;gh
ns[kk x;k fd bls i<+us ds ckn] gj vkneh pkgs eqlyeku pkgs xSj eqlyeku] gj dksbZ lkspus ij etcwj gksrk gSA ;gh
bldh fo'ks"krk gSA
bj'kkn ,d i=dkj rks gS]a ijUrq ckxh Hkh gaS muds gh 'kCnksa esa *f>M+dh gqb]Z nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku* HkhA cgqr
lkQ 'kCnksa esa og gesa vkt ds bLyke dh fopkj/kkjk] mlds ewyHkwr fl)kar] vkt ds vkpkj&fopkj ;k izpkj ,oa
eqlyekuksa dh dqjku ds izfr xgu J)k dh ppkZ djds bLyke ds vkt ds elys lkeus j[k nsrh gS]a ,d [kqys i=
ds :i esAa oSls viuk ifjp; og Lo;a gh nsrh gSAa mudk ifjokj dbZ n'kd igys ;qxk.Mk ls dukMk esa pyk x;k
Fkk vkSj os oSd
a woj ds ,d dlcs esa cl x,A dukMk esa vkus ds ckn dbZ lky rks bj'kkn dks ogka ds ,d ppZ esa
*eqr csch flfVax* esa izo's k fnyk;k x;k tgk mls iz'u iwNus vkSj mkj ikus dh vknr lh yx xbZA ogk mlh ds
'kCnksa esa og viuh jk; dks ij[kus vkSj viuh etgch Hkkoukvksa ij xgu fopkj djus dh fn'kk esa izfs jr gqbAZ ;gh
vknr vkxs py dj mls vkQr yxh] tc enjls esa iz'u iwNus ij mls ,d gh mkj feyrk Fkk & *dqjku i<+k]s
lc le> esa vk tk,xk**A cl ;gha ls mldk lQj 'kq: gqvk & **i<+k]s lkspks vkSj fQj loky iwNks**A
;g fdrkc lkaLd`frd xkSjo laLFkku dh rjQ ls blhfy, vuqokfnr ,oa izdkf'kr dh tk jgh gS fd Hkkjr dh vke turk ,d eqfLye
fopkjoar L=h dh lHkh Hkkoukvksa vkSj iz'uksa dk mRrj <w<a us ij etcwj gks] pkgs og fdlh Hkh rcds dk ukxfjd gks] pkgs og fdlh
Hkh er@fo'okl dk ;k izFkk dk & pkgs fgUnw] pkgs eqlyeku] pkgs bZlkbZ ;k vkSj dqN Hkh gksA
;gh izkFkZuk gS fd bu fopkjksa dks le>us dk iz;kl djs]a lkspas vkSj fQj dqN djsAa blfy, geus bls ljy
fgUnh esa izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA Hkkkkarj djrs le; geus gj okD; dk dsoy kCnk% vuqokn djus dh
ctk, mldk vFkZ vkSj lanHkZ ns[kdj mldk eryc le>kus dk ;Ru fd;k gSA
bl dk;Z esa lkaLfrd xkSjo laLFkku ds egkea=h MkDVj egsk pU] miegkea=h Jh egsU vxzoky ,oe~
Jherh oanuk pVthZ dh rjQ ls vewY; lg;ksx feyk gSA mudk vkSj vU; lkfFk;ksa dk lrk% kU;oknA
vkils vuqjksk gS fd vius fopkj ;k izfrf;k,a gesa t+:j HkstAas ge ml ij mfpr dkjZokbZ djus dk ;Ru
djsx
a As gekjk irk gS %&
bZ&esy irk <sgsdelhi05@gmail.com> or <vjogi@yahoo.com>
Jh.ktUekVeh
frfFk % Hkkin .k 8
fnukad 16 vxLr 2006
3
"[-maanavaalaaoMo nyaaya ko saaqa jaIAao AaOr sahI gavaahI donaa ifr vah caaho Apnao Kud ko iKlaaf hao Apnao maata ipta ko
iKlaaf hao yaa Apnao ibaradrI ko iKlaaf hao" kurana 4 % 135
,d [kqyh fph
^êsjs lkFkh eqlyekuksa**!
eSa vkids lkFk iwjh rjg lPpkbZ ls ckr djuk pkgrh gwA
tc eSa ns[krh gw fd fdl rjg gekjs etgc ds j[kokys brus lkjs *Qros* fudky jgs gS]a rks eq>s cgqr 'keZ
vkrh gSA D;k gekjk n;koku~ [kqnk bruk dBksj gks ldrk gS fd gesa dqN Hkh vkuan ;k ekSt&eLrh ls eukgh dj
nsrk gS\
tc xSj&eqlyeku gesa dgrs gSa & [kqy ds bLyke ds fo"k; esa *ckr djks*] rc ge yksx dgrs gSa &
**ge eqlyekuksa ds crkZo dk Li"Vhdj.k D;ksa nsa \** ij tc gesa Bhd ls le>k ugha tkrk gS rks ;gh irk yxrk gS
fd geus vius fopkj Li"V fd, gh ughaA eSa tc gekjs vius nks"k [kqy dj c;kaa djrh gwa rks eq>s nxkckt+ dgk
tkrk gSA fdlls nxk dj fn;k\ uhfr ds vkoj.k ls\ ;k vPNs O;ogkj ls ;k lekt ls\
gk] eSa eqagQV gwA ij blls vkidks le>uk gh iM+x
s kA eSa ,sls loky iwN jgh gw ftldk tokc nsuk gh
iM+x
s kA ;g D;k ckr gS fd fQfyLrhu vkSj bt+jkby ds chp tks dqN gks jgk gS] blh ckr esa ge my> dj jg
tkrs gS\a bLyke ;gwfn;ksa ds bruk f[kykQ D;ksa gS\ bLyke ds *dksyksukbt+j* dkSu gSa & vesfjdk ;k vjc ns'k \
tc bZ'oj us gh ekuo lekt dk vk/kk fgLlk vkSjrksa dks cuk;k gS rks ge mls D;ksa fNikuk pkgrs gS\a dqjku esa
tc bruh lkjh =qfV;ka gSa ;k van:uh fojks/k gS fQj mls 'kCn'k% D;ksa i<+uk ;k ekuuk pkfg,\
D;k vkidks dqN d"V gks jgk gS\ ;g le> yhft, fd vxj bLyke ds vanj cSBs rkuk'kkgksa lkezkT;okfn;ksa
ij Vhdk ugha djsx
a s rks os gh gesa ys tk,axs & fo"k dh rjQ] xjhch dh rjQ vkSj iwjs vyxko dh rjQA D;k bl
nqfu;k esa ;gh bUlkQ gS] ftls bZ'oj us gekjs fy, cuk;k gS \ vxj *ugha* & rks mls [kqy ds ge lc D;ksa ugha
dgrs\
lqurs rks ;gh gSa fd eqlyeku rks izfrf;k ds f'kdkj gSAa kal esa fdlh us bLyke dks *csodwQh dk
etgc* dgk rks ml ij eqdnek Bksdk x;kA ij D;k ;g xyr gS fd gesa fdlh us rks dgk *tkxks*\ vkSj fQj
dqjku esa tks ;gwfn;ksa ds f[kykQ }s"k dh Hkkouk c<+kus okys okD; gSa \ D;k ge vius ij eqdnek lg ldrs gS\a
;k fQj dgsx
a s *ge gh etgch gS]a 'ks"k lc etgc&}s"kh gS\a **
bl rjg fpYyk&fpYyk dj vius vki ij n;k dh Hkh[k ekaxuk vkSj fQj vius nks"kksa ds izfr pqIih lk/kuk]
blh ls ge vius gh f[kykQ dke dj jgs gSAa ge rks Mwc gh jgs gSa vkSj lcdks Hkh lkFk ys ds tk jgs gSAa gs
Hkxoku ge ;g D;k dj jgs gS\a
vki lksprs gksx
a s fd ,slk cksyus okyh ;g gS dkSu \ eSa ,d nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku gw ftls eqlyekuksa us
gh MkaVk] QVdkjk gS] nqRdkjk gS] HkRlZuk dh gSA bj'kkn Lo;a vius dks nqRdkjh xbZ Refusenik eqlyeku
dgykrh gSA eq>s eqfLye gksus ls bUdkj ugha] ij eSa ml ;a= ekuo jkscksV dh rjg Hkh ugha cuuk pkgrh tks
vYykg ds uke ij pqipki pyrs tkrs gSAa ;kn j[ksa & tc nwljs yksx gekjh fopkj 'kfDr vkSj vkRek ij vf/kdkj
tekus dh dksfs 'k'k djsa rks ges'kk mldk iwjk izfrdkj djuk pkfg,A ;gh Hk;kud 'kfDr gS ftlus ,dra=okn
(totalitarian system) dks iwjh rjg [kRe gh dj fn;kA
gesa blh vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ vkokt+ mBkuh gS tks bLykeh fnekx ij Nk;k gqvk gSA vkt bLyke
dh ;gh leL;k gS fd gekjs ij ;g okD; yknk tkrk gS fd *tks dgk x;k gS&mlh dk ikyu djksA**
'kk;n vki dgsx
a s fd ;g *lPpk bLyke** ugha gSA eSa Hkh vk'kk djrh gwa fd vki lgh gksAa blhfy, eSa vki
lc eqlyekuksa dks ;g [kqyh fpV~Bh fy[k jgh gwA D;ksfa d eq>s fo'okl gS fd eqlyeku lkspus okys vkSj
jgefny gS]a ftruk gekjs etgch xq# crkrs gS]a mlls dgha T+;knkA ij blds fy, t+:jh gS fd vki ftl bLyke
dk] fcuk lksp]s cpko djrs gS&
a mlds ckjs esa FkksM+k lkQ fnekx ls lkspuk iM+x
s kA Lo;a eqlyeku Hkh vlfy;r
tkurs gSa vkSj vxj vki vius vkils bZekunkj gksa rks gesa Hkh lPpkbZ dk lkeuk djuk gh iM+x
s kA
eq>s yxrk gS fd jlwy eqgEen Hkh vkn'kZokn vkSj vlfy;r ds Hksn dks le> gh ysrAs muls tc iwNk x;k
fd *etgc D;k gS\** rks mUgksua s dgk Fkk etgc ogh gS ftlesa ge nwljksa ds izfr dSlk O;ogkj djrs gSa ;g crk;k
x;k gksA vkt ;gh fopkj gesa Hkh vius thou es]a O;ogkj esa ykuk pkfg,A vkt bLyke dk eryc dsoy
*vkRe&rqf"V* (Complacency) jg x;k gSA ge feydj bLyke dks csgrj cuk ldrs gS]a tks vkSjrksa dk vkSj
4
xSj&eqlyekuksa dk Hkh vknj djrk gksA bLyke esa dksbZ Hkh xyfr;ka ugha gSa] ;g dgdj ge lPpkbZ Nqik jgs
gSaA vkSj blh ls vius lkFkh bUlkuksa vkSj eqlyekuksa ls Hkh ftEek NqM+k jgs gSAa
;g i= fy[kdj eSa ;g rks ugha dg jgh gw fd vU; lkjs erksa ;k iaFkksa esa dksbZ leL;k ugha gSA QdZ cl ;gh
gS fd *bZlkbZ iaFk dh leL;k,a** fo"k; ij iqLrdky;ksa esa dbZ fdrkcsa fey tkrh gS]a oSls gh **;gwnh iaFk dh
leL;k,a** fo"k; ij HkhA ge eqlyekukas dks bl okn&fookn esa dkQh lQj r; djuk ckdh gSA rks pysa \ ;k
fdlh btkt+r dk bUrt+kj gS \
5
v/;k;&1
eSa nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku dSls cuh

eSa pkj lky dh Fkh tc gekjk ifjokj ;qxkaMk ls Hkkx dj dukMk esa vk x;kA ogk ge yksx dkQh vPNh
rjg jgrs FksA ij oSlk gh ekSdk ge vius *dkys* ukSdjksa dks rks ugha nsrs FksA mUgsa rks ge *xqyke* dh rjg gh
j[krs FksA gj xyrh ij mudh [kwc fiVkbZ Hkh gksrh FkhA ;gh gky gj eqfLye ifjokj esa Fkk] tgk Hkh *dkys* ukSdj
jgrs FksA 'kk;n ;gh dkj.k Fkk *nknk bnh vehu* us QekZu fudkyk Fkk fd vQjhdk dsoy dkyksa ds fy, gS]
QyLo:i yk[kksa ,f'k;kbZ ifjokj gekjh rjg gh fudky fn, x,A dukMk esa nks&,d lky ds ckn gekjs firkth
dks irk yxk fd ogka ds ppZ eqr esa ^csch flfVax* djrs FksA cl gj grs tc gekjh eka fdlh Hkh dke ls ckgj
tkrh rks gesa ppZ esa j[kk tkrk Fkk&eqr tks FkkA ogka Hkh eq>s rjg&rjg ds loky gh lw>rs jgrs Fks & tSls bZlk
elhg dgk ls vk;k Fkk\ dgka jgrk Fkk\ D;k dke djrk Fkk\ 'kknh gqbZ Fkh fd ugha\ loky dqN [kkl ugha Fks ij
cM+h ckr ;g Fkh fd gj loky dk eqLdjk dj tokc fey tkrk FkkA
fQj irk yxk fd ,d enjlk cuus okyk gSA QyLo:i eq>s ppZ NksMu+ k iM+k&tgka eSa *vPNs bZlkbZ* dk
f[krkc thr pqdh FkhA ogka pkgs tks Hkh gks] viuk er dksbZ Hkh nwljksa ij ugha Fkksirk FkkA ogka dk ;gh [kqykiu eq>s
cgqr Hkkrk FkkA ?kj esa fcYdqy blds myVk ekgkSy FkkA gekjs firk dk gFkkSM+s tSlk gkFk muds lkjs vkns'kksa dk
ikyu djokrk gh FkkA pkgs og geas ekja&
s ihVa]s gekjs iSls Nhu ys]a eka dks ekjsa ;k /kedk,aA ,d ckj rks pkdw ysdj
esjs ihNs iM+s rks eSa lkjh jkr Nqidj cSBh jghA eka rks jkr dks Hkh dke djrh Fkh] mUgsa irk gh ugha FkkA 'kk;n ogh
csgrj FkkA
bu lcls cM+k loky Fkk&;g enjlk tks oSd
a woj ds fjpeaM dLcs es cuk;k x;k Fkk] mlus bl izn's k ds [kqys
okrkoj.k ds ckotwn rkuk'kkgh dk jkLrk gh D;ksa pquk\ eq>s viuh ft+Unxh ds ikap lky & 9 ls 14 lky dh mez
rd & ogha fcrkus iM+As ogka vkneh vkSj vkSjrsa vyx&vyx jkLrksa ls nkf[ky gksrs FksA [kqnk dh bcknr vkjk/kuk
Hkh vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa cSBdj djrs FksA chp esa nhokj Hkh FkhA
,d lh<+h Fkh vkSj ij enjlk FkkA ogka yM+d&
s yM+fd;ksa esa ,d inkZ rks gj oDr gksrk FkkA ij mlls xgjk
inkZ Fkk] fnekx vkSj vkRek ds chpA ;gka lh[k feyh fd vxj vki *lPps etgch* gSa rks lkspuk ugha
pkfg,A vxj lksprs gSa rks etgch ugha gSAa ;g cafn'k ikcUnh esjs *lokfy;k* LoHkko ds ,dne f[kykQ FkhA ;gh
esjk viuk O;fDrxr >xM+k FkkA
;g >xM+k dsoy ;g ekuus ls lqy> ugha tkrk gS] fd *lsD;qyj* O;kogkfjd ;k ykSfdd vkSj
*ukWu&lsD;qyj* ik[kaMh ;k /kkfeZd nks nqfu;k gSa vkSj muds dk;ns vyx gh gSAa ppZ esa i<+kbZ ds fnuksa esa eq>s dHkh
Hkh loky djus ls euk ugha fd;k x;kA fdUrq b/kj *enjls* esa pknj vks<d
+ j cqjds esa tkrh Fkh vkSj dqN ?kaVksa
ckn] nch gqbZ vkRek ysdj ckgj vkrh Fkh tSls fd bl pknj us eq>s lksp&fopkj ls jksd j[kk gksA
esjh ijs'kkuh ;g Fkh fd eq>s *esj*s bLyke ds ckjs esa vkSj tkuuk FkkA dksbZ Hkh loky iwNus ij ;gh tokc
feyrk Fkk *bldh btktr ugha gS*&D;ksa ugha gS\ **dqjku i<+k&
s irk yx tk,xkA**
bUgha ckj&ckj dgs x, okD;ksa ls eSa vkSj loky iwNus yxhA
**ge ;g vjch Hkk"kk esa dqjku nqgjkrs gh D;ksa gSa tc le> esa dqN ugha vkrk\** vkSj gj vaxt
zs +h Hkk"kkarj dks
xyr D;ksa ekurs gS\a
vxj dqjku bruk lh/kk vkSj ljy gS rks mls gj Hkk"kk esa D;ksa ugha dgk tk ldrk\ tc dsoy 20 Qhlnh
eqlyeku *vjc* gSa rks ge tSls yksxksa dks nkxh D;ksa le>k tkrk gS\a vc ge vLlh Qhlnh yksx dkSu ls bLyke
dks le>sa \ fdldk bLyke \ dSls le>sa \
cgqr dksf'k'k dh le>us dhA fdUrq vkSj dqN Hkh i<+us ds fy, gkfly djuk cgqr eqf'dy Fkk&flok; vjch
dqjku dsA rsjg lky dh gqb]Z rc [kkst&[kkst dj ,d vaxt
zs +h dqjku iSnk fd;kA i<+r&
s i<+rs lkyksa fudy x,A
vHkh Hkh i<+ gh jgh gwaA
lcls vge loky Fkk&vkSjrsa vkSj mudk lekt esa LFkkuA fQj loky mBk] ;gwfn;ksa ds izfr }s"kA gesa
fl[kk;k tkrk Fkk&;gwnh rks iSls ls I;kj djrs gS&
a vYykg ls ugha] ;fn muls nksLrh j[kksxs rks rqEgkjk pfj= Hkh
[kjkc gks tk,xkA tc gesas bfrgkl i<+k;k tk jgk Fkk rks eSa iwN gh cSBh **tc dqjku ,d 'kkafr dk lans'k
gS rks jlwy eqgEen us ,d iwjs ;gwnh dchys dks D;ksa ejok fn;k \** dksbZ tokc ugha FkkA esjs lokyksa
ds tokc ugha feys fdUrq tc eSua s vius f'k{kd dks dgk fd eq>s bl ckr dk iDdk lcwr pkfg, fd
eqlyekuksa ds f[kykQ ;gwfn;ksa dk dksbZ fNik bjknk gS \ cl vafre tokc Fkk & ;k rks fo'okl j[kks ;k
fudy tkvksA & vkSj vxj fudyuk gh gS] rks ges'kk ds fy, fudy tkvks**
6
vPNk ;g ckr gS & fcYdqy Bhd] vkSj eSa fudy gh xbZA

vkidks ;g vpaHkk rks ugha gks jgk gS fd enjls ls fudkys tkus ds ckn eSua s iwjh rjg bl etgc dks Bksdj
ekj dj vius vejhdh O;fDrRo dks D;ksa ugha viuk;k\ vki le> jgs gS\a ge eqlyeku blfy, ugha gSa D;ksfa d ge
oSlk lksprs gSa & ij ge iSnkb'kh eqlyeku gh gSAa ge ;gh gSAa
enjlk NksM+ nsus ls esjh ek cgqr 'kfeZna k gqbAZ ij os esjs LoHkko dks tkurh Fkh blfy, u rks mUgksua s ekQh
ekaxus dks dgk vkSj u gh eq>s vius lkFk efLtn esa tkus ij etcwj fd;kA oSls eSa nks ,d lky ogka tkrh Hkh jghA
eq>s [kqnk ls rks I;kj Fkk vkSj enjls dh xfYr;ksa ij eSa efLtn dks D;ksa lt+k nsrh\ ;gh lkspk FkkA
,d vkSj ckr crkA bLyke ds ikp LraHk gSA ftueas ls ,d gS *nku*A ,d ckj gekjs efLtn esa ,syku gqvk
& eqlyeku HkkbZ cguksa ds fy, pank nsus okys vius psd rS;kj j[ksAa eSua s ,d lsfodk ls iwNk] *;g iSlk dgka
tk,xk*\ tokc esa fdlh laLFkk dk uke crk;kA fQj iwNk ] *;g fdl dke esa vk,xk*\ tokc Fkk ^*vius eqlyeku
Hkkb;ksa dks [kkuk f[kykrs gSAa ** eSua s fQj iwNk ^^dSls ekywe iM+s fd ;g iSlk ogha tk jgk gS tgka ge pkgrs gS\a ** bl
ckj og lsfodk tjk >Vd dj rS'k esa cksyh & **eqlyekuksa dks tk jgk gSA ;gh rqEgkjs fy, dkQh gSA**
eq>s iSls nsus esa dksbZ d"V ugha FkkA ij tc tkudkjh dks fNik;k tk, rks Bhd u FkkA D;k lkjs eqlyeku
dsoy eqlyeku gksus ds ukrs nku ikus ds yk;d gksrs gS\a fo'okl ;k J)k dh ckr djsa rks D;k esjs loky esa dqN
[kjkch Fkh \ ;k loky iwNuk gh ,d tqeZ Fkk \ fQj eSua s QSlyk fd;k esjk nku ogha tk,xk ftldh eSa Lo;a
tkp&iM+rky dj ldwAa tSl&
s tSls eq>s efLtn Hkh enjls dh rjg gh yxus yxh] rks eSua s ogka tkuk Hkh de dj
fn;kA fQj eSua s [kqnk ds lkFk viuk futh lac/a k cukuk 'kq: fd;k] fdlh etgch leqnk; dks e/;LFk cuk dj ughaA
blh Hkkouk ls eSua s vdsys esa gh izkFkZuk djuk 'kq: fd;kA
oSls eSa dbZ lkyksa ls rM+ds mBdj B.Ms ikuh ls eqga ] gkFk] iSj /kksdj viuh pVkbZ ij eDdk dh rjQ eqga
djds gh nl feuV rd izkFkZuk djrh FkhA vuq'kklu LFkkiuk ds fy, rks Bhd FkkA ij ;g ,sls gh /kksuk] b/kj eqga
djks] ,sls izkFkZuk djks] blh le; izkFkZuk djuk] ;s lkjs ca/ku lksp&le> ds fcuk dsoy vknru izkFkZuk cu xbZ
FkhA bZ'oj dh rjQ tkus ds jkLrs ls gVdj dsoy ,d *rksrk jVar* cu x;k FkkA eSa bu pht+ksa ls gVus yxhA
,sls le; esa bLyke dks iwjh rjg NksM+ nsuk Hkh ,d fodYi gks ldrk FkkA dsoy ,d pht+ us eq>s cka/ks j[kk]
*bZekunkjh*A eq>s ges'kk yxrk Fkk eq>s bLyke ds xq.k tkuus pkfg,] dsoy ukSVd
a h djuk ughaA eq>s bLyke dh
;ksX;rk&Js"Brk dh [kkst Fkh vkSj og eq>s vius rjhds ls ekywe djuh FkhA 'kk;n dqjku gh ;gwfn;ksa ,oa vkSjrksa dks
xqyke j[kuk pkgrk gS\ 'kk;n [kqnk pkgrk gS fd lc yksx vjch Hkk"kk gh cksy
s as ;k ;g dkuwu dqN gh vknfe;ksa us
cukdj *ijokyks*a vjcksa ij ij fuHkZj j[kuk pkgk gS\ dqjku esa fy[kh ckrksa ls gVuk 'kk;n [kqnk dh rkSghu
fujknj gks \ ij ;g lc] tc rd eSa ij[k u ywa & rc rd bLyke dks ugha NksM+ ldrh&og HkxkSM+kiu gksrkA
vPNh ckr rks ;g Fkh fd fjpeaM oSd
a woj tgk eSa jg jgh Fkh ogk [kkstchu dh iwjh vkt+knh FkhA eSa tks
pkgw&
a faparu] 'kks/k djuk] cksyuk] vknku&iznku] okrkZyki] yydkjuk ;k fQj lkspuk&;s lkjs miyC/k Fks ij enjls
ds ekgkSy esa ;g dqN Hkh eqefdu u FkkA eq>s bLyke vkSj if'pe esa ls ,d dks ugha pquuk FkkA mlls mYVk
if'pe dh lekt/kkjk us gh eq>s bLyke pquus dh 'kfDr nhA vc bLyke dks eq>s pquuk FkkA
etgc ds ckjs eas eq>s dksbZ *tquuw * ugha FkkA ij dbZ ckj loky mBrs Fks vkSj muds mRrj <w<a us ds fy, ,d
gh txg Fkh & ogka dk iqLrdky;A tks Hkh bLyke ds ckjs esa i<+us dks feyrk&og cl ,d ikB~;iqLrd dh rjgA
lanHkZ cgqr gksrs Fks&ij dksbZ [krjk u gksrk FkkA fQj lu~ 1989 esa lyeku :'nh ds f[kykQ [kkseuS h us Qrok tkjh
fd;kA tks Hkh fVIi.kh Nirh Fkh og dsoy eqlyekuksa ds xqLls ds ckjs esa gh crkrs & ;g dHkh ugha iwNrs Fks & fd
D;k dqjku okdbZ oSls gh 'kq)] ;k bZ'oj dh nsu gS] tSls ;s iqrys tykus okys jVrs jgrs gS\a D;k gks x;k Fkk bu
if'peh ys[kdksa dks ftuls eq>s bruk yxko Fkk\ os rks etgc dk vknj Hkh djrs Fks ij fopkj [kqydj izdV djrs
FksA ml ladh.kZ fopkj/kkjk ls eq>s NqVdkjk feyk & lu~ 1990 ds ckn] tc baVjusV us tksj idM+kA
vYykg dk 'kq gS fd baVjusV vk x;kA fQj eq>s bLyke vkSj if'peh fopkj/kkjk nksuksa esa fo'okl gksus yxk]
fdlh txg ij vki pqi Hkh jgsa rks lc pqi ugha jgsx
a As *fopkj/kkjk kafr* ykus okys ;gha lkal ysus yxs FksA ;gha
ij izdV gq, muds izcy fopkj vkSj nksuksa rjQ ds oknfookn [kqydj lkeus vkus yxsA cl fQj D;k Fkk] bLyke
ij Vhdk gksus yxh&fQj eq>s bLyke ds ckjs esa dbZ vthc ckrsa irk yxus yxhaA
ge esa ls fdrus yksx tkurs gSa & fd bLyke fdl lhek rd *^;gwfn;ksa dh nsu gS\** ,ds'ojokn ds dbZ
ewyHkwr fl)kar eqlyekuksa dks ;gwfn;ksa ls gh feys FksA tSls bZ'oj ds fuekZ.k dh lekurk] mldh xw<+ U;k;i)fr]
vPNkbZ dks pquus dh gekjh 'kfDr] i`Foh ij jgus esa gekjs thou dk iz;kstu] e`R;q ds ckn dk vikj lalkj&;s lkjs
fopkj mUghsa ls feys gSAa esjh rks vka[ksa vkSj fnekx Hkh lqUu jg x, tc ;g fopkj izLrqr gqvk fd eqlyekuksa dks
;gwfn;ksa ds fojks/k esa Mwcs jgus dh t:jr gh ugha gSA muls }s"k djus ds ctk, gesa mudk vkHkkj ekuuk pkfg,A
7
tc eSua s vius vki f'k{kk izkIr dh] mlds ckn gh le> ikbZ fd eqlyeku mlh bZ'oj dh HkfDr djrs gSa
ftls ;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ Hkh iwtrs gSAa ;gh ckr dqjku Hkh izekf.kr djrk gS vkSj ;g ckr esjs *enjls ds cus* fnekx
esa rc vkbZ tc ,d vaxt
zs + /keZKkuh ysf[kdk] dSjus vkeZLVWkx
a dh iqLrd i<+hA mUgksua s bl ckr ij tksj fn;k gS fd
jlwy eqgEen us dksbZ u, bZ'oj dks nqfu;k ds lkeus ykus dk oknk ugha fd;kA mudk futh /;s; Fkk&vjc yksxksa
dks ,d *lgh fn'kk* crkuk tks izFke jlwy vczkge dks loZ'kfDreku~ bZ'oj ds lan's k ds :i esa izkIr gqvk FkkA
enjls esa esjh i<+kbZ ds nkSjku dHkh Hkh vczkge dk uke ugha vk;k Fkk] tcdh mUgha dh larkuksa us ;gwnh
jk"V dh uhao j[kh FkhA ,ds'ojokn ds laLFkkid Fks ;gwnh&ftuls bZlkbZ vkSj eqlyeku izdV gq,A le>us dh
ckr gS fd vjcksa us **,d bZ'oj** dk vkfo"dkj ugha fd;k FkkA dsoy mldk uke j[kk **vYykg**A
ftldk vjch Hkk"kk esa vFkZ gS **bZ'oj***&ogh bZ'oj tks ;gwnh ;k bZlkb;ksa dk gS !
fdUrq enjls dh i<+kbZ esa ,slk dqN Hkh dgk gqvk Fkk \ ,sls Hkko gksrk gS fd bLyke ds igys dqN Hkh ugha
FkkA vxj ,slk gksrk rks gekjh fopkj/kkjk esa cgqr ifjorZu gksuk pkfg,A vxj gekjs yksx ;g le> ysa fd bLyke
dbZ iqjkuh laLd`fr;ksa dk feJ.k gS&,d ne u;k ugha gS& rks D;k ge *nwljs* yksxksa dks Lohdkj djsx
a \s irk ugha
D;ksa ge ckgjh izHkko dks drbZ ugha ekurs gS&
a flok, blds fd if'peh ns'kksa dks nks"k nsrs oDr mudh xyfr;ka
fxurs gSAa blhls ,d ewyHkwr eqn~nk mBrk gS fd *D;k fo'o ds ckdh et+gcksa ls bLyke cgqr
vuqnkj&ladqfpr gS \**
tgk Hkh ;g loky mBrk gS ogk eq>s ;gh vkns'k feyrk gS ^êt+gc vkSj laLd`fr dks vkil esa xMeM+ u
djuk** ,d vkSjr us gh eq>s dgk] ^^vkSjrksa dks iRFkj ekjuk rks ,d tutkfr dk fjokt gS] bLyke dk ughaA** eSa
;g iwNrh gw] vxj bLyke dqN yphyk Hkh gS rks og dsoy cqjkbZ ds fy, ugha] vPNs ds fy, Hkh gksuk pkfg,A fQj
gekjs enjls esa ml fjpeaM dk mnkjiu dgk Fkk] ftlus enjls dks ogha cuk, tkus esa dksbZ #dkoV ugha MkyhA
eSa tc Vh-oh-i=dkj cuh rks dbZ yksx eq>s gj txg igpkuus yxs&nqdkuksa esa gksVyksa es]a ;k Vus esAa ,d rjQ
rks eq>s dgrs Fks *^vxj cqdkZ Qsd
a dj nkf<+;ka uksprh gks rks [kqnk gh rqEgkjh enn dj ldrk gSA** ij blh ds lkFk
dgrs Fks] rqe bLyke ds lkFk jgksxh rks ;g crkvks mlesa brus dV~VjiaFkh D;ksa gS\a vkSj loky vkrs Fks %&
& D;k eqfLye gksrs gq, Hkh rqe QsfefuLV L=hoknh cuh jg ldrh
gks\
& ,d fu"Bkoku~ eqlyeku vkRe?kkrh dSls curk gS \ vkSj eqlyeku
[kqy dj cksyrs D;ksa
ugha \
& D;k ,sls [kqydj ckrsa djrs gq, vkidks Mj ugha yxrk \
& ;gwnh] bZlkbZ vkSj eqfLye et+gcksa ds mins'kdksa ds ckjs esa dHkh dqN
et+kfd;k
ckras ge D;ksa ugha lqurs gSa \
vafre iz'u ls ,d ckr ;kn vkrh gSA bLyke esa ;g Hkh crkrs gSa fd T;knk glks ughaA lp esAa ,d 'ks[k
lkgc viuh fdrkc esa dgrs gSa *eqlyeku dks mxz ;k Mjkouk psgjk cukuk t:jh ugha gS] ij T;knk glus ls ;gh
lkfcr gksrk gS fd vkidks fouksn ;k galh us ifjofrZr dj fn;k gS] ftlls gekjs LoHkko ,oa HkfDr detksj gksrh
gSAa ** vc ;g crkb, & vxj gluk bruk Hk;kud gks ldrk gS rks vjch Hkk"kk dks Hkh y; esa lqurs gSa rks tks izHkko
iM+rk gS ml ij D;ksa ugha eukgh gksrh \
eq>s rks vke turk dk ftKklqiu cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA blhls esjh Hkh ftKklk c<+rh jgrh gSA eSa gj oDr
gj iz'u dks ysdj yM+rh jgrh gw vkSj ;gh turk gS tks eq>s tkx:d j[krh gSA eq>s ,sls Hkh iwNk tkrk gS fd vki
bLyke ls D;ksa tqM+h jgrh gS]a tc fd bLyke esa varjkZ"Vh; eqnn~ ksa ;k O;fDrxr eqnn~ ksa esa bruk my>ko gS \vc ;g
iz'u rks Bhd gh gSA
eq>s ckj&ckj iwNk x;k igyk iz'u Fkk & *lefyaxRo*A bLyke esa jgrs gq, eq>s viuh *lefyaxh* vkpj.k ds
fy, cgqr dqN lguk&lquuk iM+k gSA ij eq>s ftlesa [kq'kh gS mls D;ksa NksM+ nwAa bLyke rks esjk *et+gc* gS vkSj ;g
rks esjk *vkuan* ! eSa vius thou esa dHkh bLyke ij 'kks/k djrh jgrh gw] Vh-oh- dk dke Hkh djrh gw vkSj vejhdh
efgykvksa dh rjg gh jgrh gwA bl [khapkrkuh esa dHkh lksprh Hkh Fkh fd bLyke R;kx nw&
a Mj dj ugha&cl
bZekunkjh lsA ;gh loky eu esa mBrk Fkk&*vxj loZK] loZ'kfDreku~ bZ'oj eq>s *lefyaxh* cukuk ugha pkgrk] rks
esjh txg fdlh vkSj dks D;ksa u cuk fn;k \**
blh ckr ij eSua s ftu eqnn~ ksa ij yydkjk Fkk mldk fdlh Hkh eqlyeku us tokc ugha fn;k] og Fkk] **vxj
vYykg tks pht+ cuk, og mRre gh cukrk gS rks mlh ds dqjku esa *lefyaxRo* dh HkRlZuk D;ksa dh gS\ nqfu;k dh
vk'p;Ztud fofo/krk dks bZ'oj us lksp le> dj cuk;k gS & rks lcdks ,d tSlk D;ksa u cuk;k \
8
vc nwljs iz'u ij fopkj djrss gSa tks 11 flrEcj] 2001 vejhdk dh tqM+ok Vkojksa ij vk?kkr ds gknls ds
dqN gh eghus igys iwNk x;k Fkk A esjs ikl ,d i= vk;k] mlesa ukbthfj;k ds ,d v[kckj dk va'k Fkk] mlesa
fy[kk Fkk
**cykRdkj dh f'kdkj yM+dh dks 180 pkcqd dh ekj**
,d 17 lky dh xHkZorh yM+dh dks bLykeh dksVZ us 180 pkcqd dh ekj dh ltk lqukbZ gSA yM+dh dks
dqN gh fnuksa esa cPpk gksus okyk gSA
yM+dh us dksVZ dks crk;k fd mls mlh ds firk ds rhu lkfFk;ksa us cykRdkj dk f'kdkj cuk;kA mlus
lkr xokg Hkh is'k fd,A
mldh ltk 'kk;n cPpk gksus ds 40 fnu ds ckn nh tk,xhA**
bls Hkstus okys esjs gh lkFkh us yky L;kgh esa fy[kk Fkk **vc bl rjg dk ikxyiu vkSj rqEgkjk eqfLye
et+gc & vkilh lek/kku dSls gksxk \** vc esjs O;fDrxr fopkj vkSj et+gc ds }a} ds ij ;g uSfrd cks> Hkh
vk x;kA ml oDr rks eSua s [kcj dks vyx j[k fn;k&ij eq>s ckj&ckj esjh vUrjkRek us fgyk fn;kA D;k vkids
ij Hkh dqN vlj gqvk \ cykRdkj dh bl eklwe funks"Z k dh nq%[kn dgkuh gj 'kjhQ bUlku dks ngyk nsrh gSA
cspkjh dh eku&e;kZnk rks yqV gh xbZ&mlus lkr xokg Hkh is'k fd, vkSj ifj.kke 180 pkcqd dh ekjA
,sls ?kksj vU;k; dk lek/kku eSa vius eqfLye et+gc ls dSls d:a \
blh fo"k; us eq>s lh/ks VDdj ysus ij etcwj dj fn;k vkSj eSua s vius thou ds vxys v/;k; esa izo's k
fd;k&og Fkk ,d *nqRdkj eqlyeku] ftls viuksa us gh nqRdkj fn;k] Bqdjk fn;kA
9
v/;k;&2
lkj dqekfj;k
tc ls eSa enjls ls t[eh gksdj fudyh] rcls esjs lkeus cM+k loky Fkk & D;k bLyke dks vyfonk dgw \
bldk mRrj nsus ds fy, eq>s ;gh [kkst djuh Fkh&D;k bLyke esa ,slh dksbZ ewyHkwr Hkkouk gS ftlls og vU;
et+gcksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd dBksj gS&;kuh ;gwnh ;k bZlkbZ er ls & vkSj tcls eq>s esjs vius lkFkh us yydkjk
Fkk&rcls vkSj Hkh vf/kdA
flQZ ,d ukbftfj;k dh yM+dh dh dgkuh gh ugha Fkh ftlls nq[k gks jgk Fkk&dksbZ Hkh eqfLye ns'k ys
yhft,&mlesa gks jgs vR;kpkjksa ls fny ngy tkrk gSA ikfdLrku esa vkSlru nks vkSjrsa jkstkuk *bTtrh
ekSr* esa ekjh tkrh gSa vkSj ekjus okys uke ysrs gSa vYykg dkA ekys ns'k vkSj ekWfjrkfu;k esa NksVs&NksVs
cPpksa dks xqyke cuk;k tkrk gSA lwMku esa ;gh dke ogk dh bLykeh lsuk djrh gSA ;eu vkSj tkWMZu
esa bZlkbZ dk;ZdrkZvksa dks xksyh ls mM+k nsrs gSaA ckaXykns'k esa dqN dykdkjksa dks tsy Hkstk x;k Fkk ;k
ns'k ls fudkyk x;k D;ksafd os dqN nwljs er ds vYila[;dksa ds fy, vkokt+ mBk jgs FksA vkSj bu ckrksa
ds lcwr Hkh ntZ gSAa
gka eSa fQj laLd`fr vkSj et+gc dks tksM+ jgh gwA D;k lp esa vc VksjaVksa esa Hkh ogh wj mtM~M bLyke
iui jgk gS \ crk dSls \ eSua s vius Vhoh izkx
s zke esa ,d ckj nks lefyafx;ksa dh dgkuh fn[kkbZ FkhA ,d Fkh
efj;e&ftls bZjku esa Hkz"V ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA og rks dukMk Hkkx vkbZ Fkh ij vxj jgrh rks D;k gksrk \ bZjku
Vhoh ds dqN n`'; tks fNikdj yk, x, Fks&os Hkh fn[kkus gSa & 'kk;n ;gh gksrk vxj idM+h tkrhA
**nks vkSjrksa dks lQsn diM+s esa yisVdj ftank ,d xM~<s esa MkykA fQj vkneh vkSj cPpksa dh
HkhM+ us iRFkj ekj&ekj dj mUgsa t[eh fd;k&[kwu cgk fn;kA ekjus okys gj O;fDr dks cxy esa dqjku
j[kuk t:jh FkkA
nwljk ,d vkneh Fkk&vnuku&og yanu esa Fkk&vius *nksLr* dks eka ls feykus ys x;kA ogka ds ,d mins'kd
us dgk *,sls yksxksa dks U;k; nssrs le; uez gksuk Hkh t:jh gSA loZ'kfDreku *dqN Hkh* dj ldrk gSA** vkSj ;s nks
n`'; fn[kkus ds ckn eq>s dsoy fojks/k gh lquuk iM+kA ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd ;s *lqvj* ;k *dqRrs* dsoy
*;gwnh* gh gks ldrs gSaA bZjkuh yksx iRFkj ekjsa ;k vnuku uez gksdj mins'k lqu&
s bu ckrksa dk dksbZ Hkh izHkko u
iM+kA VksjVa ksa okys eqlyeku ;gh dgrs Fks fd ,sls yksx *gekjs* gks gh ugha ldrs] ;s rks ^muds* tklwl gSAa vkSj ;g
bDdhloha lnh ds dukMk ds cM+s 'kgj dh ckr gS
eq>s rks gSjkuh gh ugha] mcdkbZ vk jgh FkhA ;g dSlh laLd`fr gS&xkao dh ;k *fMftVy*A ;s dSls lq/kjsx
a s \
vkSj ;g gks dSls \ ;g rks ekywe Fkk fd vkt ds lq/kjs gq, et+gc] bLyke dh rjg *HksM+pky* esa fo'okl
ugha djrs gSaA bZlkbZ usrkvksa dks] muds vius fopkjksa esa tks vUrj vk;k gS] mldh tkudkjh gSA ,d&nwljs ds erksa
dk [kaMu ;k Vhdk&fVIi.kh rks djrs gSa ij ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd fopkj ds dbZ igyw gks ldrs gSAa ;gwnh rks vkSj Hkh
vkxs gSAa os rks vkilh erHksnksa dks vkSj Hkh mtkxj djrs gSAa os vius /keZ xzFa kksa ds lkFk] mu ij dh gqbZ Vhdk,a ;k
Hkk"; Hkh j[krs gSAa blds foijhr eqlyeku rks dqjku dks dsoy mldh udy djus rd gh lhfer j[krs
gSa&mldk eryc fudkyus dh ckr gh ugha gSA blhls gekjh fopkj'kfDr gh u"V gks tkrh gSA
;gk if'pe esa vk, gq, eqlyekuksa dks Hkh ;gh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS fd dqjku gh bZ'ojh; bPNk dk vafre :i gS
ftlus ckbcy ;k rksjkg dh txg yh gSA ^vafre gqDeukes* dk eryc gS mlds ckjs esa iz'u ugha iwNuk] u gh
mldk vFkZ fudkyus dk iz;Ru djukA flQZ fo'okl djksA vly esa jlwy eqgEen dks nsonwr xfcz,y us igyk 'kCn
bZ'oj dh rjQ ls crk;k] og Fkk *tki djks* ;k *i<+k*s A nksuksa dk lkj bruk gh crk;k tkrk gS fd mPpkj fd,
tkvks] vkSj dqN djksxs rks og uqDrkphuh gksxhA
blh izdkj ds gS&
a bLyke ds *gnhl*A ;s *vkf/kdkfjd* ys[k gSa ftuesa jlwy eqgEen us thou esa tks dgk ;k
tks fd;k mudk o.kZu gSA tks Hkh mkj dqjku ls *vklkuh* ls u feys&dgrs gSa og gnhl esa feysxkA lfn;ksa ls
gekjs fy, dqN fo}kuksa us mUgsa laxgz djds j[kk gSA gesa rks flQZ mu vkns'kksa dk ;k tks beke pqu ysa mudk
ikyu djuk gSA ns[kk tkrk gS fd jlwy lkgc Hkh & bUlku gksus ds ukrs&dqN xyfr;ka Hkh djrs FksA pqi ! gnhl
esa rks buds vafre bZ'ojh; lan's k gS&
a mu ij langs djuk euk gSA
D;k vki le> jgs gSa ;g **vPNkbZ dh jsyxkM+h* vkidks dgka ys tk jgh gS\ ml txg ftls mara huAa idmaaga,
(Dead brain) dgrs gSAa bLyke ds jkt esa tc dksbZ vU;k; gksrk gS] rks T;knkrj eqlyeku ;gh ugha tkurs fd
okn&fookn dSls djs]a ml ij iqufoZpkj dSls djsa ;k lq/kkj dSls gksA ml ij gesa dgk tkrk gS&;gh vPNk gS]
10
D;ksfa d vxj vki *vkn'kZ okD;ksa ij* lPps fVds jgsx

a s rks vU;k; gksxk gh ughaA gs Hkxoku~ ! D;k ikxyiu gS \ ,sls
xksyeksy lkspfopkjksa esa jgus ls gh rst cqf) Hkh ean gks tkrh gS vkSj mlh esa [krjk Hkh gSA
vc gj iaFk esa ,sls *canjcqf)* yksx gksrs gh gSAa vy&vDlk efLtn blzkby ds beke 'ks[k vcw Lusuh
us ,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgk Fkk **vkf[kjh jlwy dh vkKkvksa dk ikyu djks&oukZ bZ'oj ds dksi ls ej
tkvksxs] tSls fd fgVyj us mlh dh vkKk ls yk[kksa ;gwfn;ksa dk uk'k fd;k FkkA nq%[k dh ckr ;gh gS fd
bLyke esa ,sls lkspus okys gh eq[;/kkjk cus gSaA tc dsoy jVus okys gh usrk cu tk,a rks dksbZ viuh deh
dSls Lohdkj djsxk \ fQj Bhd djuk rks cgqr nwj gSA
bl lkjh i`"BHkwfe ij eSa dsoy ukbthfj;k ds gknls ij gh ugha cfYd lkjs ds lkjs fo"k;ksa ij foLrkj ls
lkspus yxhA ;gh ns[kus ds fy, fd D;k bLyke iwjh rjg dBksjrk esa Qlk gSA pkgs og vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa gks ;k
;gwfn;ksa ;k bZlkb;ksa ds ;k xqykeksa ds ckjs esAa ;k mu lHkh ds fy, ftu ij vkt ds bLyke us ?kksj tqYe fd, gSAa
bu xjhc izkf.k;ksa ds ckjs esa dqjku D;k dgrk gS\ D;k og ,d cykRdkj dh f'kdkj yM+dh dks dksM+s ekjus ds i{k
esa lkQ&lkQ dqN dgrk gS&;k dksbZ b'kkjk Hkh djrk gS \ vkSj ;g Hkh fd dksbZ vkSjr izkFkZuk eas vxz.kh ugh cu
ldrh \
vxys dqN eghuksa rd eSua s bLyke dh ifo= fdrkc dks vka[ksa iwjh rjg [kksydj] cM+s yxu ls ckj&ckj i<+kA
igyk iz'u Fkk&vkSjrsa ! igys fdls cuk;k x;k&vkne ;k gOok \ dqjku bl ij dqN lkQ ugha
dgrk ! cl&,d vkRek esa tku Qad
w h vkSj fQj mlds lkFkh dks cuk;k dkSu vkRek Fkk vkSj dkSu lkFkh&D;k QdZ
iM+rk gS \
vc ;g Hkh nsf[k, fd dqjku esa og *ilyh dh gM~Mh* dgha ugha gS] u gh og *fuf"k) Qy&lsc* ftlls gOok
us vkne dks yqHkk;k FkkA eryc ;g fd iq#"k ds opZLo dk dksbZ leFkZu ugha gSA bldk mYVk gh gSA dqjku dgrk
gS &**;kn j[kks rqe bZ'oj ugha gks] blfy, vkneh vkSj vkSjrksa dks vius vius vf/kdkj ekaxus esa bZekunkjh j[kuh
pkfg,A** var esa rks dqjku ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd ftl ek us rqEgsa tUe fn;k mldk eku j[kks&bZ'oj ges'kk rqe ij
ut+j j[krk gSA**
ij vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd blh v/;k; esa dqN gh iafDr;ksa ds vkxs&dqjku Bhd mYVs fopkj nsrk gSA dgk
gS] **iq#"k dk L=h ij vf/kdkj gS] D;ksafd bZ'oj us mls iq#"k dks muls Js"B cuk;k gS vkSj pwafd og
viuh laifRr ls mudh ns[kHkky djrk gSA vPNh vkSjrsa vkKkdkjh gksrh gSa ---- vki fdlh ls voKk dh
'kadk j[ksa rks mUgsa psrkouh ns nsa] muls vyx lks,a] vkSj mUgsa ihVsaA**
;g le>us dh ckr gSA fiVkbZ djuh gks rks ;g t:jh ugha fd voKk dh tk,&cl 'kd gh dkQh
gSA vkneh dk *'kd* vkSjr dh *eqlhcr* cu tk,xkA okg okg! eSa 'kk;n bls dqN T+;knk gh ljy dj jgh
gwA ij D;k djsa ;s dkuwu gh ,sls Hk;adj gSAa
blh ,d okD; ls fdruk vlj gksrk gS fd ^^viuh laifRr ls vkneh vkSjr dh ns[kHkky djrk gS !** lu~
1990 esa ,d **dkfgjk ?kks"k.kk** laer dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa ,d txg dgk Fkk **vkneh vkSj vkSjr dk leku ntkZ
gksxk** & vkSj blh ds Bhd ckn dgk x;k fd *ifr vius ifjokj ds j[kj[kko ,oa lqj{kk dk ftEenkj gksxk*A vc
tgk dqjku gh dgrk gS vkSjrksa ij vf/kdkj vkneh dk gh gksxk rks vkSj D;k lkspuk gSA vki Lo;a gh le> ysAa
ukbthfj;kbZ cykRdkj dh f'kdkj yM+dh ds lanHkZ esa gh dqjku ds ,d ifjPNsn us eq>s ?kk;y dj
fn;kA ;g dguk gS] **vkSjrsa gh rqEgkjs [ksr gSa] tc pkgks bu [ksrksa esa tk ldrs gksA vPNs dke djks&vkSj
bZ'oj ls MjksA*** vjs&D;k ckr gS&&tc pkgks vkSjrksa ds ikl tkvks vkSj vPNs dke Hkh djksA vkSjr ,d Hkkxhnkj gS
& ;k dsoy laifRr \ ,d fo}ku~ dgrs gSa fd **Hkkxhnkj &D;ksfa d vkSjr Hkh [ksr dh rjg izes iwod
Z ns[kjs[k pkgrh
gSA ij ml ckr dks NksM+ fn;k *tc pkgks* ! D;k blh ls vkneh dks iwjk vf/kdkj ns fn;k gS A D;k pkgrk gS
vYykg \ cjkcj ds Hkkxhnkj gS & ;k dsoy ,d [ksrA tSls ethZ gks j[kks \
vc eSa D;k eryc fudkyuk pkgrh gw og rks eq>s ekywe gS&ij bZ'oj D;k pkgrk gS&irk ughaA bruh
myV&iqyV ckrksa ds ckn irk gh ugha pyrk fdlh dksA tks vkSjrksa dks dksM+s ekjuk pkgrs gS] os dqjku dk lgkjk
ysrs gSa vkSj os Hkh] tks ugha pkgrs fd vkSjrsa izkFkZuk esa igy djsAa vkSj os Hkh tks cjkcjh dh ckr djrs gS&
a os lHkh
dqjku dh gh ckr djrs gSAa bu ckrksa ls rks eSa blh fu"d"kZ ij igqp ldh fd esjs bLyke dk vkSj vkSjr dks dksMs+
ekjus dk dksbZ esy&feyki ugha gks ldrkA
eSa ;g le>rh gw fd mu ukbthfj;kbZ bekeksa us esjs LoPN bLyke dk gh cykRdkj fd;k gSA dqjku vkSjrksa
dks leku vf/kdkj ugha nsrkA og ikjn'khZ rks gS gh ugha dsoy ,d igsyh lk xw<+oknh gSA eqlyeku
mlhls dsoy [khaprku djds eryc fudky ysrs gSaA dqjku ds uke esa tks QSlys djus gSa] og bZ'oj dh
vkKk ugha gS] vkneh dh lksp ls fudyh gqbZ baatoM gSA
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,d eq[;/kkjk ds bZlkbZ ;k ;gwnh dks rks ;g ckr le> esa vk tk,xh ij gekjs :<+hoknh eqlyeku ds fy,
ughaA og rks cl bruk gh lksprk gS fd dqjku gekjs fy, *lh/kk jkLrk* fn[kkrk gS vkSj gekjk drZO; bruk gh gS
fd bldh udy djrs tkvks ! lc >wB gS! lquk vkius ! cgqr cM+k] ^^nk<+h ewN
a okyk** >wB gSA
funks"Z k gksuk rks nwj dh ckr gS] dqjku ds vanj gh vius vki ls bruk la?k"kZ gS fd tks eqlyeku fdrkc ds
vuqlkj thrs gS]a mUgsa ;gh lkspuk iM+rk gS fd fdl eqnn~ s ij vf/kd t+ksj nsa vkSj fdl ij deA 'kk;n ;gh vklku
rjhdk gS&tks Hkh vius vius fopkj gksa blhds vuqlkj fdlh vk;r dks c<+kok ns]a fdlh dh rjQ /;ku gh u nsAa
vkSj ;g dke dsoy mxzoknh ugha] mnkj er okys Hkh djrs gSAa os dqjku dh tks HkM+dkus okyh ckrsa yxrh gSa mUgsa
gydk dj nsrs gS]a Bhd oSls gh tSls gekjs fojks/kh gekjh vPNh ckrksa dks fNikrs gSAa gj ,d dk viuk dqN u dqN
dk;Ze gSA 'ks"k yksxksa ls dqN vPNkA
vkSj tc ge ;gh [ksy pyk jgs gSa & ftlesa ,d&nwljs ds fopkjksa dks *rq#i* dj jgs gSa & ge viuk vlyh
edln Hkwy tkrs gsAa og ;g gS fd [kqydj dqjku ds funks"Z k gksus dk iz'u c<+k,a rkfd vkt tks dguk pkgrs gSa fd
^mlesa okLro esa D;k dgk gS* og HksM+pky can gksA dsoy 'kCn'k% vFkZ dk ikyu NksM+ dj mlds vFkZ
ij fopkj gksA vkt lq/kkj dk vk'k; ;g ugha gS fd lk/kkj.k eqlyeku dks *D;k ugha lkspuk gS* bldh
f'k{kk nsrs jgsaA mlds ctk, djksM+ksa eqlyekuksa dks lkspus dh vuqefr nh tk,A tc dqjku iwjh rjg
fojkskkHkkl ls Hkjiwj gS&de ls de rc tc vkSjrksa dh ppkZ gksrh gS&gesa iwjk vf/kdkj gS fd lkspsa!
blh fopkj/kkjk dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, eq>s ;g ns[kuk t:jh Fkk fd D;k dqjku dh bu Li"V vlaxfr;ksa esa
dksbZ laxfr gS D;k \ lh/kh rjg dgsa rks D;k bLyke ds xzFa k esa vkSj fo"k;ksa ij Hkh vlaxfr gSA tSls xqykeh \ vxj
gS&rks D;k bDdhloha lnh ds eqlyeku bDdhloha lnh ds vuq:i QSlyk dj ldrs gSa \ eSua s lwMku ds ckjs esa i<+k
vkSj fQj xqykeksa ds O;kikj ds fo"k; esa Hkh i<+kA vkt Hkh [kkjrwe esa rkfycku tSls gh eqlyeku jktdrkZ] bZlkbZ
vkSj xSj vjc eqlyeku ,oa fHkUu er j[kus okys Animist iztk ds fo#) ftgkn ds uke ls vR;kpkj dj jgs gSa
& ftlesa Hkkjrh;ksa dk dRy] vkSjrksa ij cykRdkj vkSj fQj cPpksa dks ekSr 'kkfey gSA cps[kqps cPps ;k vkSjrksa dks ys
tkdj vjc ekfydksa ds lqinq Z fd;k tkrk gS] Bhd xqykeksa dh rjgA
fQj mkjh ukbthfj;k ds ckjs esa lkspk & ;gk Hkh bLykeh jktdrkZ bZlkb;ksa ds xqyke cuk, tkus dks c<+kok
nsrs gSAa pkgs ;g jktuhfr gks&ij ,slh nfd;kuwlh jktuhfr dqjku ds lgkjs ds fcuk py gh ugha ldrhA
vc fdruk lgkjk \ fdruh enn \ ;gh loky eSa iwN jgh FkhA tc eSua s ewy xaFz k i<+k rks mlesa ;g okD; feys
**rqEgkjs xqykeksa esa ;s tks viuh vktknh [kjhnuk pkgrs gS]a muesa vxj dqN xq.k gksa rks mUgsa vktkn dj nksA** FkksMk+
#fd,! bldk FkksM+k fo'ys"k.k djs]a rks irk yxrk gS fd dqjku ;g ugha dgrk fd lkjs xqykeksa dks vktkn dj
nks&dsoy ogh ftUgsa muds ekfyd lksprs gSa fd os c<+ ldrs gSAa fQj Hkh gesa dqN rks lkspus] QSlys djus dk
vf/kdkj fn;k gSA eryc rks ;gh gS fd dqjku dh lgefr ls ge lkroha 'krkCnh ls fudy ldrs gSAa xqykeh dk
Hk;kud vfHk'kki feVk ldrs gSAa ;s QSlys tks eqlyeku dj jgs gSa os dsoy mUgha ds gSa & mUgsa vYykg ds pj.kksa esa
j[k dj eatwjh ugh fnyok ldrsA
D;k ,sls Hkh gks ldrk gS fd dqjku O;fDrxr vFkZ fudkyus dk dsoy leFkZu gh ugha djrk&cfYd ,slk
iz;kl djuk vkSj 'kks/k djuk ;gh bLyke dks tkuus dk ,d lgh rjhdk gksA
dqN mRlkfgr gks dj eSa vkxs
c<+hA ,d egku~ ekuoh; vf/kdkj dk eqnn~ k ysdj & xSj eqlyeku yksxksa ds lkFk O;ogkjA pwfa d bLyke
;gwnh&bZlkbZ laLd`fr ls gh mn~Hko gqvk gS] dqjku esa muds ckjs esa dkQh dqN fy[kk gSA vczkge dk dkQh izes ls
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA bZlk dks dbZ txg *elhgk* dgk x;k gSA mldh ek dk Hkh dbZ txg mYys[k gSA dqjku rks
;gwfn;ksa dh mPpdksfV dh jk"Vh;rk dh ckr djrk gSA bl ckr dks dbZ vyx&vyx izfr;kaas esa i<+dj eSa vk'oLr
gks xbZA bu ckrksa dks gh ns[ksa rks ge rks ;gh lkspx
as s fd dqjku ;gwnh vkSj bZlkb;ksa dks vk'oklu nsxk fd mUgs rks
vkjke ls jguk pkfg,&muds fy, dksbZ Hk; ugha gS&vius xzFa kksa ds e;kZnk esa jgrs gq,A ij blds foijhr dqjku
dgrk gS fd dsoy bLyke gh *lgh bZeku* gSA vthc ckr gS \ ;k ugha gS \ ,d cgqr vge ckr gS ;gka
tks bLYkke ds tUe ls lcaf/kr gSA
eqlyekuksa dks ftu lHkh ckrksa ij fo'okl j[kuk pkfg,&os ckrsa gels gtkjksa lky igys ;gwfn;ksa dks izdV
dh xbZ FkhaA tc dqN ;gwnh vius etgc ls vyx /kkjk esa lksus ds cNM+s dh ewfrZit
w k djus yxs rHkh bZ'oj dk
izdksi gqvk FkkA dqN yksx loky djsx
a s fd ;g dSlk bZ'oj gS tks ,d xk; ds NksVs ls cNM+s ls Mjrk Fkk \ eSa
dgwx
a h & ,slk bZ'oj tks vkilh ;q) esa yxs gq, dchyksa dks cpkuk pkgrk FkkA gk fQj ml cNM+s ij lksp&
sa ;g
ewfrZit
w k fQj ls vk xbZ rc vczkge ds oa'kt dk vkuk t:jh Fkk] tks ;gwfn;ksa dks *bZ'ojh; lR;* ls fQj ls
voxr djk nsA rc vk;k Fkk *bZlk*A rc vk;k Fkk ckbfcy&ftlesa iqjkus xzFa k dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA ij
12
dqN bZlkbZ bZlk dks dsoy izfs "kr ;k bZ'oj dk iq= ugha & bZ'oj gh ekuus yxs FksA ewfrZit
w k fQj mHkjus dk van's kk
FkkA
rc 610 bZloh ds vklikl eqgEen dk tUe gqvk] ftldk dk;Z ;gh Fkk fd QSys gq, dqfopkj vkSj ;gwnh ;k
bZlkb;ksa dh cukbZ dqjhfr;ksa dk mUewyuA blh izokg esa bLyke Hkh iqjkuh ;gwnh f'k{kk dh rjQ /;ku nsrk gSA tgk
Hkh eSa dqjku [kksyrh gwa ;g lan's k ckj&ckj vkrk gh gS & iqjkus xzFa kksa dk vknj djksA
blh egku~ fopkj dk eSa mYys[k dj jgh FkhA dckbyh nqjfHkeku dHkh Hkh *lR;* ugha cu ldrkA tc eSua s
dqjku dk ckjhdh ls v/;;u fd;k rc Kkr gqvk fd eqlyekuksa dks *lkjs ;gwfn;ks*a ls nwj jgus dks ugha dgk x;k]
cfYd mu ;gwfn;ksa ls tks bLyke dks ewyr% >wB dg dj mldk migkl djrs gS]a blds lkFk gh eqlyekuksa dks
;gwfn;ksa ds U;k;;qDr gksus esa langs ugha djuk pkfg,] ugha rks og vius gh bZeku dks >qByk nsx
a As
ij vc vxj ;gwnh vkSj bLykeh etgc ,d gh bZeku gS] rks mUgsa vyx&vyx D;ksa j[krs gS\a oSls gh bZlkbZ
etgc dh D;k t:jr gS\ ;k fQj fgUnw] ckS)] fl[k oxSjg Hkh D;ksa pkfg,\ ;g vyx&vyx ifo= xzFa kksa esa tks
[khapkrkuh pyrh gS] mls NksMd
+ j lHkh dks ,d gh bZ'oj dh nsu D;ksa ugha ekurs \ vc dqjku bl xaHkhj iz'u dks
Vkyrk ugha gSA dgk gS **vyx&vyx etgc jgus pkfg,] rkfd vkneh dks *vPNs deZ* djus dk izkRs lkgu feysxkA
;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd ^^dkSu bZ'oj dh bPNk dk lgh ikyu dj jgk gS&bl >xM+s ls dqN Hkh vPNk ugha fudyrk
gSA ij budk fuokj.k rHkh gksxk tc lc yksx *mlds* ikl okil tk,axAs ** rc rd gekjs fy, ;gh vkns'k gS fd
vPNs deZ fd, tkvksA yxrk gS vyx&vyx fopkjksa ls gesa ,d nwljs dks tkudj vkxs c<+uk gS&u fd vius&vius
vyx dksus esa ?kqldj cSBs jgsAa
fopkj rks vPNs gS&
a ;gh rks eSa Hkh pkgrh gwA ij vc *O;k[;k* ;k eryc fudkyus okyh ckr vk tkrh gSA
D;ksfa d dqjku ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd **;gwnh ;k bZlkb;ksa dks viuk nksLr u cukvks rkfd ge oSls gh u cu tk,aA
**mu yksxks*a * dh ,slh O;k[;k dh xbZ gS fd os **U;k;ghu ;k csbeZ ku** gSAa xSj&eqlyekuksa dks ekjus] dRy djus vkSj
,d [kkl ^dj* VSDl nsus dh Hkh fgnk;r gSA bu vkns'kksa dk lgkjk ysdj dbZ eqlyeku rks nwljs etgcksa ls
laidZ j[kus ij Fkwdrs gSAa muds fy, ;gh lgh gS fd *os* yksx ftank rks jgsa ij dHkh Hkh cjkcjh ugha gks ldrhA
cjkcjh rks nwj] utnhdh Hkh ugha gks ldrh] D;ksfa d bLyke ckdh etgcksa tSlk vkSj ,d etgc ugha gS] og lcls
Js"B gS D;ksfa d mlds fy, ,d **iw.kZ lR;** 'kCn gS vkSj ml ,d bZ'oj dk vk[kjh jlwy izfs "kr Hkh gSA ;g Hkh
dqjku i<+us dk nwljk rjhdk gSA gesa ekywe gh ugha iM+rk fd ge mls pqu jgs gSAa
vc vki dgsx
a s & ^^#d tkvksA eSa vius iM+kl
s h dks mlds ;gwnh R;kSgkj eukus ij ekjuk ugha pkgrkA eq>s
ckdh *;gwnh }s"kh* yksxksa ds lkFk u fxuksA eSa rks ,d vPNk bUlku gwA** gk] vki t:j vPNs bUlku gSAa blh
vPNkbZ esa vc vius vkils iwfN,] D;k eSa ml bLykeh er dk fojks/k djrk gw tks dgrk gS fd og ;gwfn;ksa ;k
bZlkbZ etgc dks ekr nsrk gS\ ge vius gh vfHkeku esa bruk Mwcs gSa fd rdjhcu lkjs gh eqlyeku blh fopkj dks
fcuk lksps le>s ekurs gS&
a fopkj Hkh dHkh djrs gS]a rks dsoy *vfrjsdh* cksydj fQj Mwc tkrs gSAa vkSj dbZ ckj
bruk Hkh ugha djrsA
D;k vkidks ;g yxrk gS fd ckr dks c<+k p<+k dj dgk tk jgk gS \ ,d fdLlk lqfu,! 11 flrEcj 2001
ds gknls ds dqN gQ~rs igys ,d ppkZ gks jgh Fkh &**bLykeh nqfu;k dk fp=.k**A esjs lHkh lkfFk;ksa us tedj
if'peh laLd`fr ij Vhdk dhA gkWyhoqM esa lkjs dV~Vjoknh dSls dkys wj fn[kk, tkrs gS]a bR;kfn] lHkh ges'kk dh
ckrsa nqgjkbZ xbZA esjh ckjh vkus ij eSua s bruk gh dgk&ge eqlyeku nwljs yksxksa dks dqN ,sls dkj.k nsrs gh ugha
gS]a ftlls os gekjs vPNs psgjs ns[k ldsAa eSua s iwNk & tc rkfycku us vQxkfuLrku esa ckfe;ka ds cq)ewfrZ;ksa dks
rksiksa ls mM+k fn;k Fkk rc dgk Fks ;s VksjksUVks ;k oSd
a woj ds eqlyeku \ dqjku esa dgk gS ^êtgc esa tcjnLrh ugha
gksrh**A vc rkfycku rks ;g lqj ugha vykisxk ij ge if'pe ds eqlyeku D;ksa ugha cksys \ D;ksa pqi jgs \ gekjs
'kgjksa es]a lM+dksa ij&eqfLye izfrf;k D;ksa ugha gqbZ \ vkSj bart+kj fd;k dqN vkxs ckr gksxhA
esjs cksy ysus ds ckn ,d efgyk cksy iM+h **ekath rqe tkurh gks fd fQfyLrhuh eqlyekuksa ij D;k chr jgh
gS \** vjs& D;k ckr gks jgh gSA bLykeh ,d&N=okn vkSj e/;iwoZ ds dM+s #[k ds jktuhfr esa rks lac/a k gSa ij ;gk
rks vfrjsdh] vkSjrksa ds }s"kh] etgc dks loksiZ fj ekuus okys rkfycku dh ckr gks jgh gS] ftUgksua s cq)ewfrZ dks rksi
ls mM+k fn;k ;gk fQfyLrhu dgka ls vk Vidk \
vjs ;g D;k ckr gqbZ \ dksbZ rks eq>s ,slh txg ys pys tgk U;k; vkSj AMQao leFkZu esa QdZ fd;k tkrk gksA
eSa ;g rks eku ldrh gwa fd mHkjrs bLykeh ,d&N=okn (Totalitarianism) vkSj e/;iwoZ dh dM+s #[k okyh
jktuhfr esa lac/a k t+:j gSA ij bl lac/a k dk ml rkfycku ls D;k fj'rk gS] ftUgksua s viuh fdrkc dks loksiZ fj
ekudj cq) izfrekvksa dks mM+k fn;k] vkSjrksa dks pwjpwj dj fn;k] iraxckth Hkh euk dj nh vkSj gR;k,a gks jgh gSa
fQj Hkh blh rkfycku ij eqlyeku pqIih lk/ks gq, gSA
13
ij bu ckrksa dk oSlk lkspus okyksa ij dksbZ vlj ughaA ]na laoagaaoM nao fcuk lksps le>s ekuksa bLyke dk ,d cqdkZ
igu j[kk Fkk&flj ls ikao rdA vxj dqN lkspus okyksa dk ;g joS;k gS rks lkspdj Hkh Mj yxrk gS fd vkxs
D;k gksxkA
lHkh yksx 11 flrEcj ij gh dsfUnzr gksrs gSAa eSa mlds ckn ds fnuksa ij /;ku fnykuk pkgrh gwaA ml le;
ge eqlyekuksa us bLyke ds ckjs esa izpkj&ek/;eksa dks ;k jktuhfrKksa dks D;k vk'oklu fn;s Fkk \ psgjs yVdk dj
;gh dgk Fkk fd gekjs fo'okl dks **gkbtSd** vigj.k fd;k x;k FkkA vesfjdk] teZuh] vkLVfs y;k] dukMk lHkh
dks dgk ^^ge Hkh vius Lokra; eas fo'okl djrs gS]a gekjh Hkh gkfu gqbZ gS] ge lc vkids lkFk gSAa vkids lkFk
gekjk Hkh vigj.k gqvk gSA** eSa rks bl 'kCn dks fcYdqy ilan ugha djrhA mldk rks ;g vFkZ gqvk fd vxj 11
flrEcj u gqvk gksrk] rks dqjkfuLrku gokbZ lsok ds lkjs izoklh lq[kiwod
Z vius lqna j xarO; ij igqp tkrsA
gkbtSd gks x,A okg&okg tSls gekjk et+gc ,d funks"Z k n'kZd gh Fkk tc eqlyekuksa us fgalk ds dke fd,A okg js
! gkbZtd
S &blls rks eq[;/kkjk ds lHkh eqlyekuksa dks vius nks"kksa dk foospu djus ls eqfDr fey xbZA lcls igys
rks ;gh t+:jh gS fd ge dqjku ds os efyu funs'Z k tks vkradokn ds fo"k; esa gS]a mUgas ns[ksAa
flrEcj 11 ds ckn dbZ txg eSua s ;gh rksrk jVUr eqlyekuksa ls lquk] ^^dqjku fcYdqy lkQ dgrk gS dc
ftgkn fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj dc ugha vkSj bu vkradokfn;ksa us og vlwy t+:j rksM+k gSA** ,d fo}ku~ us ;g Hkh
dgk] ^^;g lkQ fy[kk gS fd ,d funks"Z k O;fDr dks ekjuk iwjh ekuotkfr dks ekjus ds leku gSA** bUgha ckrksa dks eSa
fucZyrk dk izrhd ekurh gwA lkQ fy[kk x;k gS] og okLro esa ,slk gS ^^geus blzkbfy;ksa ds fy, ;g fuf'pr
fd;k gS fd tks Hkh fdlh ekuo dks ekjsxk og ,sls gh le>k tk,xk fd iwjh ekuo tkfr dk gR;k gqbZ
gS] blesa viokn dsoy ns'k esa gR;k ;k fdlh uhp deZ ds fy, nh xbZ lt+k gh gksxhA**
vkSj ;gh ^viokn* gS ftls lkjs mxzoknh eqlyeku vius ftgkn dk lgkjk cukrs gSAa mnkgj.k ds fy,]
vkslkek fcu yknsu us 1990 ds n'kd ds var esa iwjs vesfjdk ds f[kykQ ^ftgkn* ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA mlesa mls
dqjku dk lgkjk feykA og viokn fQj ls if<+,A ^^flok; blds fd gR;k ;k nq"deZ dh lt+k nsuh gksA**
la;Dq r jk"V ds vkns'k ij vkSj vejhdk dss ckj&ckj dgus ij bjkd ij yxk, x, izfrca/kkssa dh otg ls yk[kksa cPps
ekjs x,A mudh D;k gR;k gqbZ \ vklksek fcu yknsu rks ;gh ekurs gSAa tc vesfjdk ds lkjs gh ukxfjdksa ls fy,
x, djksa ls blzk,y dh enn dh tkrh gS ;k VSd
a [kjhndj fQfyLrhu dks jkSna k tkrk gS] og Hkh gR;k ;k nq"deZ
dh O;k[;k esa fcBk;k tk ldrk gS \ bl ij fcu yknsu us 1997 esa lh,u,u dks dgk Fkk] ^^vesfjdh ljdkj us
,sls Hk;adj vU;k; vkSj nq"deZ fd, gSa ftulss blzkbZy dks fQyhLrhu dks gfFk;kus esa enn feyh gSA ;gwfn;ksa ds
lkeus >qddj vesfjdh mn~nM
a rk c<+ jgh gS] rHkh mUgksua s eqlyekuksa ds ifo= LFkku ^vjc* ij mrjdj dCtk fd;k
gSA ;g] vkSj ,sls gh vusd vke.k vkSj vU;k; fd, gS]a blh otg ls geus AmarIka ds f[kykQ ^ftgkn* NsM+ fn;k
gSA**
eSa vkSj vki rks lger gksx
a s fd uSfrdrk ds vk/kkj ij ,slk lkspuk nfd;kuwlhiu gSA ij D;k ;g lp gS fd
mls vkslkek fcu yknsu ;k mlds HkkM+s ds flikfg;ksa dks dqjku Hkh lgkjk nsrk gS \ cl lPpkbZ ls tokc nhft,A
dqN dgk vkius \ ^êq>s dqjku ds bu okD;ksa dk ^lanHkZ* le>uk pkfg, ftuesa fgald fopkj gSa \** vc ;g
Hkh dg nw fd eSua s iwjh rjg ls mu fo}kuksa dks i<+k gS tks lanHkZ dh ckr djrs gSa vkSj ;gh le>k gS fd ,d
yqdkfNih dk [ksy py jgk gSA blds ihNs dqN "kM~;a= rks ugha py jgk yxrk gS & ij ,d gh ewyHkwr fopkj gS
& ^^dqjku iw.kZr% funksZ"k gS blhfy, vxj og }s"kHkko dks Hkh c<+kok nsrk gS rks bldh dksbZ otg t+:j
feysxhA
,d mPp dksfV dss fopkjd ds vuqlkj ^fo'kq)* bLyke ,d 'kkafroknh et+gc gSA blus ;g dgk gS fd
vYykg us jlwy eqgEen dks vPNh&cqjh nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa eas mins'k fn;k gS vkSj dqjku dh tks ^[kjkc* ;k ^nwf"kr*
vk;rs gSa os eqgEen ds dqN [kjkc le; dks n'kkZrh gSa & tc og 25 lky rd bLyke dks QSyk jgs FksA eqgEen
igys eDdk esa vius erkUrj.k ds iz;kl dj jgs FksA muds ^n;k* ds lan's k ls ogka ds xqyke] fo/kok,a] ykokfjl ;k
xjhc et+nwjksa ij izHkko iM+k D;ksfa d ml le; ds gkykrksa esa bUgha yksxksa dks n;k dh t+:jr FkhA ml oDr ds
dqjku ds nSoh lans'k iwjh rjg Hkwrn;k ls ifjiw.kZ gSaA ij dqN gh fnuksa esa eDdk ds O;kikjh leqnk; /kedh
eglwl djus yxs & lkFk gh kedkus Hkh yxsA eqgEen vkSj muds lkFkh viuk cksfj;kfcLrkj mBkdj vius cpko
ds fy, enhuk pys x,A blh le; dqjku ds n;k ds lans'k cnys dh Hkkouk ls Hkj x,A enhus ds dbZ
jfgokfl;ksa us vkus okys eqlyekuksa dk Lokxr fd;k Fkk ijarq dbZ muds f[kykQ Hkh FksA buesa gh enhus ds eq[;
;gwnh Fks ftUgksua s eqgEen dks dRy djus vkSj bLykeh er okys yksxksa dks ifjofrZr djus dk bjknk cuk;kA os
blfy, ukdke gks x, fd ^^vYykg us eqgEen dks mUgsa jksdus ds fy, geyk djus dks dgk**A dgk tkrk gS fd
dqjku esa tks Toyar eqnn~ s gS&
a ;gha ls 'kq: gq, gSAa ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ;g dke eqlyekuksa us cnys ds fy,
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ugha ijarq vius cpko esa fd;k vkSj og Hkh FkksM+h nsj rd] ;|fi eqgEen dk vlyh bjknk rks ogh jgk ;kuh&n;k]
U;k;] cjkcjh] ,drk vkSj 'kkafrA**
fdrus lq[kn fopkj gSAa ,slh ckrksa esa fo'okl j[kuk fdruk fiz; yxrk gSA ij ftruk i<+rh xbZ vkSj lksprh
xbZ] ;g fcYdqy xys ds uhps ugha mrjkA ,d fnDdr rks ;g gS fd dqjku esa igys igys cM+h&cM+h vkSj fQj
NksVh&NksVh vk;rsa nh xbZ gSAa os dc mtkxj gqbZ bldk dksbZ [;ky ugha j[kk gSA igys ds dkSu ls lan's k gSa tks
n;kiw.kZ gSa vkSj mUgas dSls ge ^vlyh* fopkj crk,a \ gesa ;g ckr ekuuh gh iM+rh gS fd dqjku ds lans'k ,d
^jDrjaftr uD'kk* gS tks lc rjQ fn[krk gSA n;kHkko vkSj frjLdkj lkFk&lkFk dSls jg ldrs gSa \
vkSjrksa dk fo"k; gh yhft, & dqN vPNs fopkj vkSj fQj Hk;kud fopkj lkFk&lkFk gh feyrs gSaA
etgc dh fofo/krk ds Hkh ;gh gky gSaA bu dfFkr fopkjksa ls ijs] ljy ,oa funks"Z k fdrkc esa dksbZ Hkh ,d
fn'kk ugha gSA mldk ifjiw.kZ gksuk gh lansgkLin gSA
gk;&gk;! eSua s dgha lhek rks ikj ugha dh \ ij ;g rks dqN Hkh ughaA vy&dk;nk ds Hk;kud lhekikj dk;Z
nsf[k,A ;s yksx rks [kwu&[kjkcs ij mrj vk, gSAa vxj gesa muds ?kqVu okys vkrad dk izfrdkj djuk gS rks ge
;g iwNus ls ugha Mj ldrs fd vxj dqjku ifjiw.kZ ugha rks D;k gksxk \ vxj og iwjk bZ'oj dk lan's k u gks rks \
vkSj og vknfe;ksa ds izfr gh HksnHkko ls Hkjk gks rks \
bl ^'kk;n* dks gh ns[k yhft,A eqgEen vkk 11 flrEcj ds vkRe?kkrh usrk us ,d fpV~Bh NksMh+ gS ftlesa
og vius xqV dh rjQ ls dgrk gS ^^gekjs fy, ;gh dkQh gS fd ;g dqjku dh vk;rsa nqfu;k vkSj iwjk lalkj
cukus okys ds cksy gSAa ** rhu ckj og bl ckr dk gokyk nsrk gS fd ^tks pht+sa bZ'oj us lkjs 'kghnksa dks nsus dk
ok;nk fd;k gS tSls tUur esa lkjh lqna fj;ka rqEgkjk bUrt+kj dj jgh gSsa vkSj iqdkj jgh gSa vkvks] bZ'oj ds fe=ksa
vkvks*A
bu xw<+ ckrksa dks vkids fy, *izdV* dj nw \ vkk vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa dks ;dhu Fkk fd mUgsa tUur esa
vusd dqekfj;ksa dk lq[k feysxkA mlds igys Hkh ,d fQfyLrhuh ^gekl* ds enjls us ^lhch,l* Vsyhfot+u dks dgk
fd ;g ^^lkj gwj*sa * okyk ok;nk lHkh u, vkrafd;ksa dks lqukuk gSA ;kfu ce QkStsa vkSj mlds fy, dqjku ds okns
ds vuqlkj vius ^buke^ dh izrh{kk djksA
,d NksVh&lh xyrh gks xbZ gSA ftl ^gwj* 'kCn dk vFkZ ;g fudkyk tkrk jgk gS fd og dkyh vka[kksa okyh
dqekjh & ugha gS & ij 'kk;n lQsn csnkuksa ds fy, dgk gSA 'kk;n ml oDr ogh cgqr cf<+;k vkSj egaxs buke
gksrAs ;g dSls gks ldrk gS bl iw.kZ :i fdrkc ds lkFk\ ;g dYiuk 'kk;n iqjkus bZlkbZ xzFa kksa ls ysrs le; xyr
i<+k x;k Fkk \ irk ugha ,slh vkSj fdruh xyfr;ka gks ldrh gSa \
;g le>uk Hkh t+:jh gS fd jlwy eqgEen dsoy ,d vui<+ O;kikjh FksAs og vius ^nSoh lan's k* ,d fyfid
dks crkrs FksA dHkh&dHkh rks [kqn eqgEen dks mlus D;k lquk bldk vFkZ fudkyus esa cgqr d"V gksrk FkkA rHkh dqN
^'kSrkuh i|* ftuesa ewfrZit
w k dk leFkZu Fkk os Hkh eqgEen dh vuqefr ls dqjku esa ^lgh* i| dgdj 'kkfey gks x,A
jlwy us ckn esa mUgas ckgj fudky fn;k Fkk ijarq dbZ 'krkfCn;ksa ls eqfLye fopkjdksa dh ckrphr ds
ckn ogh iqjkus 'kd mHkjrs gSa & D;k dqjku lp esa ifjiw.kZ&funksZ"k gS \
vxj vkradoknh vkk dks bu ckrksa dh t+jk Hkh Hkud gksrh rks D;k \ fQj rks ;s ^^lalkj ds jpf;rk ds 'kCn**
ugha jVrsA
bl lq/kkj ds iz'u dk vge fgLlk gS dqjku ij loky mBkuk] D;ksfa d ;gh gesa ml HksMp
+ ky ls vyx dj
nsrk gSA blh dk eryc gS fd tks Hkh tokc vkidks fn, tkrs gSa mUgsa ge eatwj u djs&
a 'kk;n ;g Hkh fd ,sls
tokc gesa ^fn,* tk,axAs
11 flrEcj ds gknls ds ckn ls ,d loky eq>s ijs'kku djrk jgkA tc dqjku esa fy[kk gS fd viuh bPNk
ds vuqlkj dke dj ldrs gSa rks ;s bLyke ds gqDejku D;ksa brus ladfq pr fopkj j[krs gSa \ muesa ls vkSj yksx
êqDr* okrkoj.k D;ksa ugha iSnk djrs \ blds tokc esa eq>s dqjku ds Hkh ijs tkuk FkkA ;s eqfLye nqjkxzgoknh fopkj
dgk ls iSnk gq,&;gh ns[kuk Fkk vkSj blds fy, eq>s vkSj ,d inkZ mBkuk iM+x
s k&mu >wBh ckrksa ij ls tks ge
nqgjkrs gSAa
15
v/;k;&3
geus lkspuk dc cUn fd;k

uoacj 2001 rd Vh oh ij ckj&ckj vkus okyh oYMZ VM
s lsVa j ds gknls esa ejs gq, yksxksa dh rLohjsa
ns[krs&ns[krs gesa nks eghus gks x, FksA turk dk lqUu fnekx dqN [kqy jgk FkkA ,d loky Fkk tks vc Vkyk ugh
tk ldrk Fkk&bl geys esa bLyke dk D;k jksy Fkk\
tSls gh ;g gknlk gqvk Fkk vejhdh bLykeh laLFkkvksa us v[kckjksa esa yxkrkj i=ksa dh >Mh yxk nh
Fkh&muds usrkvksa ds lan
s k Hkh gj i= esa Ni jgs FksA lHkh dk ;gh dguk Fkk&vkidk xqLlk eqlyekuksa ij uk
mrkjs&
a D;ksfa d ge yksxksa esa T;knkrj ^^vPNs yksx** gS!a ;qjksi ds dbZ laxBu Hkh ;gh jkx vyki jgs FksA lcdh Hkkkk
,d gh Fkh&^^vjs chchlh okyks]a jkW;VlZ okyks]a vkSj QkWDl okyks&
a ge rks eku jgs gSa fd bLyke esa dqN Vs<k+ rks gS]
vc vkSj D;k pkfg;s\ ge mxzokfn;ksa dh fuank Hkh dj jgs gS]a vki gekjk uke Nki ldrs gS]a ge dgha Hkkx rks ugh
jgs gS!a vc ;g u dguk fd ge dqN fNik jgs gSa ;k cpko dj jgs gSAa
vPNk] rks vc eSa gh vkjksi yxkrh gw fd ge dqN fNik jgs] cpko dj jgs gSAa geus bLyke ds ijh&ijh
chekfj;ksa dh rks fuUnk dj nh ij gesa kfghu dj nsus okyh iwjs bLyke etgc dh ml cM+h chekjh dks rks
tkucw> dj fNik fn;k&ftldk uke gS ^bLyke dh fopkjkkjk* ftls vki gkFk Hkh ugh yxk ldrsA og
Untouchable gS!
eSua s 11 flracj ds ckjs esa dbZ ys[k Nkis&ftuesa vius gh ekul dk varjkoyksdu djus dk vkgoku FkkA oYMZ
VM
s lsVa j ds ftu nks ehukjksa dks ugh fxjkuk pkfg;s Fkk og rks cjckn gks x,&vkSj bLyke ds og nks ehukj ftUgs
fxjkus dh t+:jr Fkh og rks bLyke dks fcuk ns[ks lgkjk nsrs gh jgs&og ehukj Fks** ,d & Ny ;k Qjsc vkSj
nwljk & vgadkj ;k ?keaM**A eSua s ;g Hkh crkus dk ;kl fd;k fd Ny ls eryc gS bLyke dk vkt ds elyksa
dks u igpkuus ls bUdkj djuk vkSj flQZ ,d dYiuk ds foo esa thuk! ge lcdks dsoy ;gh dgs tk jgs Fks fd
^^ge lHkh vkradoknh ugh gS*a *] vkSj mlh esa ^ftgkn* ds ,d [kkl fgLls ls oafpr jg x,&[kqn dh vkykspuk ;k
viuk gh xq.knkskfoospuA cl djks ;g cpdkuk vius gh lkfFk;ksa ds ncko ds vkxs >qdukA NksM+ nks ;g fopkj ds
nqfu;k gekjs fopkjksa dk vknj djs ij ge muds fopkjksa dk dksbZ Hkh vknj uk djs!a
eqlyekuksa dks eSua s yydkjk Fkk & tks vkg~oku fn;k Fkk & og lkjkak esa Fkk %&
^^D;k gesa ge ij ykns x, mu cakuksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg, tks ,d cpdkuh fopkjkkjk esa ckakdj
dsoy pqi jguk gh fl[kkrs gSaA ;k iwjh rjg ls bl ns k ds ukxfjd cus ftlls ge mlh ^vusdrk* dk
laj{k.k dj ldrs gSa ftlus gesa ;gk bLyke dk ikyu djus fn;kA**
dbZ yksxksa us tcko fn;sA xSj eqfLye pkgrs Fks fd vkSj [kqydj ckrsa gksAa dbZ eqfLyeksa dk Hkh ;gh fopkj FkkA
ysfdu T;knkrj eqlyekuksa dks ;g fopkj ilan ugh FkkA dbZ;ksa us eq>s ikxy djkj fn;k vkSj ;g Hkh dgk fd ^;s
rks enjls esa Hkh ukyk;d jgh & ;g rks ,d ?kk;y ;kuh traumatized gS*A gk] VkWek dh gh ckr djuh gS rks
mUgsa 11 flrEcj dk og Hk;kud gknlk ;kn gh ugh Fkk&pkgs og dqN gh ^bZekunkj* eqfLyeksa us fd;k gqvk gksA
gekjs bZekunkj keZ dk ml gknls esa D;k gkFk Fkk] ml ds ckjs esa dksbZ lkspus dks rS;kj gh ugh FkkA dbZ;ksa us rks
eq>ij ;g vkjksi Hkh yxk;k fd eq>s bLyke dh eq[; kkjk us nqrdkj fn;k Fkk blhfy;s eSa ;g lc geysa dj jgh
gwA th gk] eq>s nqRdkjk x;k gS] vkSj mlds fy;s eq>s dksbZ Hkh kfeZUnxh ugh gSA eSa rks pkgrh gh ugh fd eSa ml
kkjk dk fgLlk cuwa ftldh fopkjkkjk bruh ladfq pr vkSj vuSfrd Hkh gSA
eSua s gj i= dk tokc rks ugh fn;k&ij cl ,d i=dkj us eq>s pqi gksdj lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;kA eSua s
bLyke dh tks ^Hk;kud* rLohj f[kaph Fkh mlh ls nq%[kh gksdj ml eqlyeku us eq>s dqN vPNh lh[k nhA mlus
eq>s iwNk ^^D;k vki ^bfTrgkn* ds ckjs esa dqN tkurh gSa\ ftgkn ugh] ^bfTrgkn* tks ,d vkt+kn vkSj
rdZiw.kZ fopkj i)fr gS tks gj vkneh ;k vkSjr dks vfkdkj nsrk gS fd og ekStwnk gkykr ds eqrkfcd
lqkkj dj ldrk gSA
^bfTrgkn*&D;k ;g bLyke ds Hkhrj dksbZ i)fr gS\ vkSj og Hkh Lora= fopkjksa dh NwV nsuos kyh\
tc dqN lkspk rc FkksM+k lk ;kn vk;k fd ;g kCn esjs enjls fd i<+kbZ ds fnuksa esa lquk Fkk] ij ml ij
dHkh ckrsa ugh gqb]Z dqN ,sls isk fd;k x;k Fkk fd tSls ;g bLyke dk dksbZ lw[kk fgLlk gks&dksbZ dzkfa rdkjh
16
fopkj ugha! vkSj fQj esjs eu es ;g Hkh Hkko Fkk fd dqjku dk foysk.k dk vfkdkj rks flQZ keZ ds
^vfkdkjh*&eqYyk ekSyoh&ds ikl gh FkkA fQj eq>s bLyke ds ckjs esa ;g iwNus dk Hkh nqLlkgl gqvk&^^;g vfkdkjh
x.k gSa dkSu\ D;k dqjku ,sls vfkdkjh ekurk gS\** th ugh! D;k ;g ckr lgh ugh fd dqjku ds mYVs lhks Hkkoksa
dk eryc fudkyuk dsoy O;fxr ;k pqu&pqudj gh laHko gS\ th gk! rks bldk ;g eryc gqvk fd Lora=
fopkj djuk&;kuh bfTrgkn&ge lcds fy;s [kqyk gSA ;g vfkdkj vius gh dCts esa djds ;g ^v;krqYyk* gh
vlyh ik[k.Mh gSAa
tSls fd esjh vknr gS] eSua s xgjk v;;u] baVjusV ij lkezxh bdB~Bk djuk vkSj fo}kuksa ls fopkjfoekZ
pkyw dj fn;kA ;gh [kkst Fkh fd ;g bfTrgkn dh fopkjkkjk fdlus cukbZ vkSj dgka bls ;ksx esa yk;k x;k] og
lekt dSlk Fkk bR;kfnA vkSj esjs kksk dk urhtk ;g Fkk %
bLyke dk ^Lof.kZe ;qx* lu~ 750 ls 1250 blh u iwNus okyh i)fr ls dkfkr gqvk FkkA bjkd tks
fd bLykeh lkezkT; dk dsU Fkk] mlh esa bZlkbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa us lkFk&lkFk dke djrs gq, ;wukuh QylQk
vuqokfnr fd;k vkSj mldk fQj m)kj Hkh fd;kA ,d ys[kd us bl fok; esa dgk gS êqlyekuksa us ,d mnkjer
oknh laLfr dk xBu fd;k Fkk*A bl rjg lkjh laLfr;k ,d gksus ls gh gesa ,d ôSfod* laLfr feyh
ftlds vanj rduhd] iSlk vkSj lkjh turk ,df=r gks x,A eqlyekuksa vkSj xSj eqlyekuksa ds chp cM+s iSekus ij
O;kikj pyus yxkA bLykeh lkezkT; esa O;kikj ds lkFk&lkFk fopkjksa dk Hkh vknku nku tksj idM+rk x;kA
ubZ i)fr;k vkSj u, fopkjksa dk bfTrgkn ls xgjk laca k FkkA [kqys eapksa esa vusd fok;ksa ij ppkZ gksrh Fkh]
dqjku ds vusd foysk.k Hkh fd;s tkrs vkSj vkneh&vkSjr ds LokHkko ,oa D;k fufk) gS ;k ugh ,sls fok;ksa ij
Hkh ppkZ,a gks ldrh Fkh! bu [kqys eapksa ds ckgqY; vkSj fofokrk ls bl le; ,sls fodkl gqvk fd gj fok; ij
ppkZ,a gksus yxhA
blh le; lkezkT; ds e; fcUnq cx+nkn esa dkQh gypy FkhA eqgEen ds ckn ;gk ds [kyhQk gh muds
okfjl cudj mHkjs Fks] vkSj ogh êqlyekuksa ds keZj{kd* Hkh FksA uoha krkCnh esa muds ,d ukeh [kyhQk
^vy~&ekewu* us ,d ^KkuHkou* Hkh cuok;kA dgrs gSa fd bLyke esa ;k ifpe esa ;g mPp fk{kk dk igyk gh
fo|ky; FkkA Lisu dk dknkscZ k kgj Hkh ihNs jgus okyk ugh Fkk] ogk 70 iqLrdky; cus! vkSj vc 70 gwjksa dh ckrsa
gksrh gS!a fdruk cny x;k gSa t+ekukA
ij lkspus dh ckr rks ;g gS fd bu ckrksa ls bLyke esa ;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ;ksa ds fr [kqykiu dSls vk x;k\
blds mkj ds fy, dbZ igyw ns[kus iM+x
as As lcls igys vkrk gS tolerance ;k lgukhyrk vkSj mnkjekA blh
ds jgrs bLykeh lkezkT; cuk vkSj iuirk jgkA igys rks bLykeh vkdzkarkvksa us ;g fu;e cuk;k fd viuh djhch
dkSesa ;kuh bZlkbZ vkSj ;gwfn;ksa dk t+cju keZifjorZu ugh djkukA blh fu;e ls mUgsa bZlkbZ lkezkT; ij fot;
feyhA dSFkksfyd bZlkbZ ;gwfn;ksa dk gj o neu djrs Fks vkSj mUgsa vius fjokt pykus ugh nsrs FksA bLykeh
lkezkT; esa ,slk ugh gqvk ftlls ;gwfn;ksa ls mUgsa dbZ rjg ls enn feyrh xbZA mUgksua s yM+kbZ esa Hkh eqlyekuksa dh
lgk;rk dhA Lisu esa bLyke dh fot; ;gwfn;ksa ls feyh [qkfQ;k [kcjsa gh FkhaA
vjc vkdzkark rks yM+kdw dkSe Fks] ij mUgksua s cgqr gksfk;kjh ls foftr yksxksa ls gh pqudj dkfcy yksxksa dks
jkT; pykus ds fy, fu;q fd;kA lkezkT; ds fofok dkj ds yksxksa dks le>us ds fy, mUgh esa ls pqudj
vfkdkjh yxk, x,A bl o ;gwnh gh lcls yk;d lkfcr gq,] pkgs jkT; pykus es]a pkgs tulsok ;k dkskk;{k
;k MkWDVjh esAa
eq>s ckj&ckj ;g yxrk gS fd cx+nkn dks bLykeh lkezkT; dh jktkkuh cukus esa ;gwfn;ksa dk cM+k gkFk FkkA
foLFkkfir ;gwfn;ksa us bZloh 70 esa fo[;kr ^^rkyeqfnd fk{kk dsU** LFkkfir fd;k FkkA urhtru tc eqlyekuksa
us cx+nkn ij dCtk fd;k rks ;gk i<+s fy[ks mPp dksfV ds ;gwnh ekStnw Fks ftUgsa ,d ^czUs l VLV* dh rjg mi;ksx
esa yk;k x;kA vPNs inksa ij jgrs gq, mUgsa ckgj ds ;gwfn;ksa dks Hkh fkf{kr djus esa lqfokk gqbAZ ;kn jgs fd
djhcu 90 frkr ;gwnh eqlyekuh lkezkT; esa gh jgrs FksA bl pkj ds djrs og vius keZ xzUFkksa dks ;gwnh
thou dk vkkkj cukus esa lQy gq,A
fdruk vPNk la;kstu Fkk! ,d nwljs ds fopkjkkjk ls vknku nku ls nksuksa laLfr;k vkxs c<+us dks mRQwrZ
gks xbZA nqHkkZX;ok ;g T;knk nsj pyusokyk ugh FkkA 11oha krkCnh ds ckn Lisu ds kkldksa ds fujraj tqYeksa ls
lkjh lgukhyrk [kRe gks xbZA ml le; ds eqlyeku fo}ku bCu jn dk uke fo[;kr gSA mlus dgk Fkk
17
^^dqjku ds :idksa dk lgh vFkZ rks dsoy roKkuh gh le> ldrs gS]a D;ksfa d ogh rdZkkL= tkurs gSAa keZ esa ,slk
dksbZ fokku ugh gS fd dqjku dk foysk.k kCnk% gh gksuk pkfg,A** vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa jn dgrs gSa ^^mudh
{kerk ge tkurs gh ugh gS(a dsoy cPps iSnk djuk] mUgsa ikyuk vkSj nwk fiykuk ;gh lhek cuh gSA mUgsa vkneh
ij cks> le>uk ;gh gekjs xjhch dk dkj.k gS**A ysfdu ,sls lkglh fopkjksa ds dkj.k gh jn eqlyeku
lkkkkfj;ksa ds fy, gh cks> cu x,! mUgsa fudkflr djds eksjksDdks Hkst fn;k x;k vkSj dqN gh fnuksa esa mudh
lak;kLin gkykr esa ekSr gks xbZA
bu lc ckrksa dks i<+r&
s i<+rs eSa gSjku Fkh fd ;g lc D;ksa gqvk\ mnkjer okys Lisu dk djiaFkh Lisu
dSls cuk\ ckdh eqlyekuksa us lkspuk dc can dj fn;k\ bLyke ds Lo.kZ;qx dk var dSls gqvk\ vkSj
bu lc ckrksa ls ge D;k lh[k ldrs gSa\ vkb, ns[krs gSaA
lcls igys rks ;g gqvk fd eqfLye Lisu dks bLyke ds ^kkfeZd* yksxksa us gh vakk dj fn;k FkkA dkLVhy ds
bZlkbZ jktk vYQkUlks ds vkdze.k ls cpus ds fy, lsfoy Lisu ds xoZuj us eksjksDdks ds djiaFkh eqlyekuksa dks
cqyk fy;kA mUgksua s vkdj vYQkUlks ls rks cpk fy;k] ysfdu mlds ckn mUgksua s bLykfed vk;kfRed fopkjksa dks
^kq)* j[kus dh eqghe kq: dj nh! ;s yksx Lisu ds ^mnkjer oknh* fopkjksa dk vR;Ur }sk djrs Fks vkSj mls
bLyke ij ,d kCck le>rs FksA og ;gwfn;ksa dk frjLdkj djrs Fks] vkSjrksa dks ?k`.kk ls ns[krs Fks vkSj oknfookn dks
R;kT; le>rs vkSj vfrjsdh ik[akMokn dks gh ekurs FksA mUgksua s dsoy jn dks gh ugh cfYd tkus ekus fo}ku
^xt+kyh* dks Hkh fukkuk cuk fn;kA gkykfd x+t+kyh us eqlyeku mnkjer okyksa dks ^csyxke* dh mikfk nh FkhA
mls fuafnr djds mldh jpuk,a ljs vke tyk nhA lwfQ;ksa dk Hkh neu dj fn;k D;ksfa d og dqjku dk ^vlyh*
eryc fudkyus dh psVk dj jgs FksA
ij bu ckrksa ls eSua s D;k lh[kk\ ;gh fd Lisu bZlkbZ;ksa dh otg ls ugh VwVk&mls rksMu+ s okys eqlyeku gh
Fks! gk] dqN VqdM+s bZlkbZ;ksa us t:j cVksj fy;sA t+kfgj gS fd ;qjksi ds u, nskksa esa cfLr;k cukus dh uhfr ls
igys gh eqlyekuksa us QkSth dkuwu yxkdj mnkjer ;k Lora= fopkj djus okys ij MaMs cjlk dj vad
q k yxk;k
FkkA eqlyekuksa ds elysa ^dzwlM
s * (crusade) ls ugh iSnk gq,( og rks gekjs gh otg ls gq,! vkt rd ge ^xksj*s
yksxksa dks flQZ fnkkewy ds fy, bLrseky djrs vk,a gSAa ;g ckr Hkwy x, fd ifpe ls ncko dh dksbZ t:jr
gh ugh Fkh gesa rks gj o viuksa us gh nck;k gSA bl ckr dks le>us ds fy, fQj cx+nkn pysAa
uooha krkCnh ds [k+yhQk vy ekewu dk ftdz rks dj gh pqds gSAa mlus bLyke dks ,d ,sls :i dks iuius
fn;k ftlesa lqlx
a r fopkjksa dks c<+kok fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj dqjku ds nSoh ewY; gksus dh dYiuk dks lgkjk ugh
feyrk FkkA og lcls igys ;gh pkgrk Fkk fd gj bUlku dks viuh cqf) ds Lora= vfLrRo dk ,glkl gksA ij
bldk Hkh vfrjsd gks x;k! ml us ;g gqDe fn;k fd tks Hkh vfkdkjh esj&
s ekewu&ds fopkjksa ls lger uk gksa mUgsa
lt+k nh tk,! dbZ;ksa dks dksM+s ekjs x, rks dbZ;ksa dks dSn feyh] ,d dh xnZu Hkh mrkjh xbZA vc ekewu dh bu
T;knfr;ksa ds fy, fdls nksk nsx
a \s jkseu ppZ ;k ;gwnh ;k vkSj dksb\Z dkSu cpk gS\
,sls dbZ fnu xqtj x,A rhl lky ckn bu mnkj fopkjksa dks u, [kyhQk us iwjk gh myV fn;kA iwjs
lkezkT; ds fy, gqDe gqvk fd dqjku esa tks Hkh dgk x;k gS mls fcuk fdlh loky ds ekuk tk,xkA ^^ftldk
eryc Fkk fd ^gesa dksbZ fopkj djuk gh ugh gS] fd ,slk dkuwu D;ksa cuk;k x;k] D;ksfa d ge vYykg ds fopkjksa dks
le>us ds fy, vleFkZ gS]a ukyk;d gSAa ôg* rks xw<+ vkSj miek ds Hkh ijs gSA gekjk dke rks dsoy vknsk dk
ikyu djuk gSA*
vc gj bUlku us rks bl fu;e dk ikyu ugh fd;kA jn rks ,d mnkgj.k gS] mlds igys Hkh dbZ lger
ugh Fks] ftUgksua s bldk ikyu ugh fd;kA vc ns[ksa rks yxrk gS ;g êr iwNks* okyk fu;e dkQh lQy gks x;k gSA
dkj.k ;g Fkk fd jktdh; kkjk blh vknsk ds i{k esa FkhA dqN NksVs fgLlksa esa rks Lora= fopkj gksrs jgs ij
^bfTrgkn* ds fopkjkkjk dks tkucw> dj lekIr gh dj fn;k x;kA vc vki iwN ldrs gS&
a D;ks\a rks blds tokc
ds fy, gesa FkksM+k lk bfrgkl ns[kuk iM+x
s kA
eqgEen lkgc ds e`R;q ds ckn bloh 632 esa eqlyekuksa esa vkilh >xM+s kq: gks x,A dqN us nkok fd;k fd
muds nkekn vkSj HkkbZ ^vyh* mudk mkjkfkdkjh gksuk pkfg, rks dbZ vkSj eqlyekuksa us dgk fd ;g vfkdkj
eqgEen ds iqjkus lkFkh cqtx
q Z vcw cdj dk gksuk pkfg,A cl [kwu[kjkck kq: gqvk vkSj ;gha ls bLyke esa vyh ds
leFkZd ^f k;k* vkSj vcw ds leFkZd ^lqh* ;k ijaijk ds leFkZd ;g nks ikV cu x,A 275 rd rks ;g
18
Hksn dqN ncs jgs ij 909 bloha esa fookn HkMd mBk tc fk;kvksa ds ,d xqV us lqh lkezkT; ds Hkhrj gh viuk
vyx jkT; ?kksfkr fd;kA blls mksftr eqfLye Lisu ds jkT;drkZ us Hkh vius vki dks ^bZekuokyksa dk laj{kd*
;kuh [kyhQk ?kksfkr dj fn;kA &blh ?kksk.kk ls cxnkn ds lkkkkjh muds f[kykQ gks x,A
dqN gh lkyksa esa cxnkn vkSj Hkh Fkkvksa ds f[kykQ gks x;kA igyk Fkk ^bfTrgkn* ;k Lora= lksp tks fopkjksa
ls uV gks x;kA nqfu;k Hkj ds eqlyeku nskksa dks vkilh QwV ;kuh ^fQruk* ls cpkus ds fy, vc cxnkn ds
^fo}ku* ,df=r gks x, vkSj mUgksua s QSlyk dj fn;k fd bLyke dh fopkjkkjk ds vanj dksbZ Hkh ppkZ ;k
foysk.k ugh gksxkA ;s lkjs ^fo}ku* ljdkjh Hkkk [kkrs Fks vkSj Lora=rk dk jkx viukdj mls [kksuk ugh pkgrs
FksA bu ukeek= iafMrksa dk er Fkk fd ^ftruh tkudkjh eqlyekuksa dks pkfg, og rks gS gh vkSj dksbZ u;k loky
gks rks mldk tokc lqh fopkjksa esa fey gh tkuk pkfg,A vxj dksbZ ubZ ckr gks rks tSls igys gksrk vk;k gS oSls
gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,*A
blh ,d gtkj lky dh diVh jpuk dkSkY; dh otg ls kk;n bLykeh lkezkT; cp x;k gks ij vkt
chloha lnh esa Hkh ge yksx bl diV ds urhts Hkqxr jgs gSAa vc eSa vki dks ,d luluh [kcj nsuk pkgrh gw fd
bLykeh lkezkT; rks cpk gh ughA uV gks x;kA ge tSls rSls th jgs gSA ^bfTrgkn^ ds njokt+s rks can gS gh] lkFk
lkFk gekjs fnekx+ ds njokt+s Hkh can gks x, gSAa eqlyekuksa us ftl bjkns ls lkspuk can fd;k Fkk fd bjkd ls
ysdj Lisu rd bLykeh lkezkT; dk;e jgs] og rks vc iwjh rjg ls ,d Qtwy lk eqk cudj jg x;k gSA vc
FkksM+k lk lkspus dk dV djuk t+:jh gS nksLrksa & bl lkezkT;oknh diVuhfr ls dsoy ,d gh pht+ iuih gS vkSj
og gS eqlyekuksa dh rjQ ls gh eqlyekuksa dh iwjh rkd+r ls yxkdj fd;k x;k neu vkSj nwljk [kqys fopkj ;k
ppkZ ij yxh jksdA
vc t+jk blh fok; ds Bksl fcanv
q ksa dks ns[ksAa tc ^bfTrgkn* ds njokt+s cUn dj fn, x, rks ^lkspfopkj*
djuk flQZ eqfr;ksa dks gh gkfly jgkA og rks gj kgj esa vkSj nsk esa ekStnw Fks ghA eqgEen v;~;cw dgrs gSa
^êqrh vius dkuwuh fopkj ;k O;k[;k ^Qroks*a ds tfj, t+kfgj djrs FksA ,sls cgqr lkjs Qros bdB~Bk djk ds mUgsa
det+ksj ;k ukdkfcy eqfr;ksa ds fy, ,d dqt
a h dh rjg ;ksx esa ykrs Fks**A vc ;g crkb, fd ;g det+ksjh ;k
ukd+kfcfy;r D;k cyk gSA fdlls de d+kfcy\ vkils\ ;k eq>ls\ vxj og eqrh detksj gS rks mudh t:jr gh
D;k gS\ ;g udy ls udy djds Qros fudkyus okys yksxksa dh ctk, gesa [kqn gh bLyke ds njokt+s [k+V[k+Vkdj
mlesa yxs rkys rksM+ nsus pkfg,A
,d vkSj felky nsf[k,] dSls ge Qkyrw pht+kas dh Hkf djrs gSAa og gS ^^kjh;r dkuwu**A djhcu lkjs
eqlyeku ekurs gS fd ;g ifo= nsu gS & D;ksfa d ckj&ckj ;gh dgk tkrk gS fd kjh;r gh bLyke dk vkkkj gSA
,d lqkkjd&f>;kmhu ljnkj&dgrs gS]a ^^kjh;k dk cM+k fgLlk dsoy iqjkus U;k;fonksa ds dkuwuh fopkj gS**A
bldk eryc gS flQZ lqh er ds pkj kk[kkvksa ds usrkA bUgsa cuk;k rks x;k Fkk bLykeh lkezkT; ds fnuksa es]a vkSj
rc ls ysdj vkt rd dsoy mudk vuqdj.k gh fd;k tkrk jgk gSA f>;kmhu dgrs gS ^^kjh;k ftl dky ds
lanHkZ esa cuk vkt mls yxkus ls og lanHkZghu gks x;k gSA blhfy;s vkt kjh;k tc Hkh yxk;k tkrk gS eqlyeku
lekt esa fQj ,d e;;qxhu fLFkfr vk tkrh gS] tSlk dh lmnh vjc] bZjku] lqnku vkSj rkfyckuh vQxkfuLrku
esa ns[kus esa vkrk gSAa **
pkgs kjh;k uk Hkh yxk;k tk,] fQj Hkh udy rks pkyw jgrh gh gSA dqN lky igys ,d fQfyLrhuh ksQslj
dks nwljh eaft+y ls Qsd
a fn;k x;k! D;ks\a mlus iqjkus bfrgkl dk lakksku djus dk vijkk fd;k Fkk! D;k
fQfyLrhuh eqlyeku fopkjkf dh ,slh vogsyuk djds [kqn iui ldsx
a \sa ,d osclkbV ns[krs gq, eSua s ,d
fdrkc ns[kh ftldk uke Fkk ^^dSfn;ksa dks [kRe djus ij fopkj**! vkSj blesa dgk x;k gS fd dSnh&;kuh dkfQjksa
&dks ekj nsuk tk;t+ gS] cl bZeke lkgc dks dksbZ ,rjkt+ u gks!
tc ge ns[krs gSa fd bLyke esa dsoy udy djuk gh lgh ekuk tkrk gS rks tqYe dh udy djus ds ctk,
ge viuh vkt+knh ;k lgukhyrk dh udy D;w ugh djrs\a D;k ge Hkwy x, fd bLyke ds Lo.kZ;x
q esa
eqlyekuksa us ;gwnh ;k bZlkb;ksa ds lkFk feydj fdrus cM+s dke fd, Fks\ fQj vkt D;k gks x;k gS fd ge xSj
eqlyekuksa ds fr bruh }skHkjh Hkkouk,a j[krs gS\a
,sls ,sls loky iwN dj eq>s ftruh mEehn Fkh mlls T+;knk gh frlkn feykA eSua s ;g tkuk fd eqlyeku
bZlkb;ksa ;k ;gwfn;ksa ds rjQ+ ls tks lgukhyrk fn[kkrs gSa og fdruh uktqd&fdruh tYn VwVus okyh gksrh gSA
19
Lo.kZ;x
q esa Hkh bl lgukhyrk ds vanj ,d fupys ntsZ dh rqPNrk dk gh Hkko FkkA eqlyekuksa us mUgsa dHkh Hkh
viuk ugh ekuk FkkA
bftIr dh ,d fonqkh gS ^ckV ;ksj* tks lgukhyrk ij vkSj jkskuh Mkyrh gSA mlus bldks uke fn;k gS
^fkEehiuk** (Dhimmitude)A bl kCn ls mlus bLyke dk ;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ;ksa ds fr laca k lkQ fd;k gSA ;g
^fkEeh* D;k gksrk gS\ ;g vk;k gS ^vy&fkEeh* kCn ls ftldk eryc gS ^fdrkc ds yksx* (Peoples of the
Book) ;kuh ,sls ut+nhdh yksx ftudh eqlyekuksa dks j{kk djuh pkfg,A ;k tks j{kk ds yk;d gSAa
j{kk\ yk;d\ bl fl)kUr ds ihNs D;k jgL; gS bldks t+jk ns[krs gSAa vxj ge ;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ;ksa dks
ût+nhdh* ekurs gS]a rks mUgsa j{k.k dh D;k t:jr gS\ vxj ut+nhdh gS rks mUgsa Hkh eqlyekuksa tSls gh vfkdkj
vkSj ftEesnkfj;k feyuh pkfg,A ij ;gh rks eqfdy loky gSA eqlyeku lekt us dHkh Hkh ;gwnh vkSj bZlkb;ksa
dks lEeku ;k cjkcjh ds ut+fj;sa ls ugh ns[kkA fQj vkSj yksxksa dh ckr gh D;k\
bldk ,d mnkgj.k yhft,A ;gwnh vkSj bZlkb;ksa us geskk j{kk ^[kjhnh* gSA ;k ;g dfg, fd viuh tkusa
[kjhnh gSAa gj vkneh ij yxus okyk dj nsdj & ftls ^ftf>;k* dgrs gS]a vkSj dqjku bldh btkt+r nsrk gS]
rkfd kkafr cuh jgs! ij ;g dksbZ lEeku c<+kus okyh jhfr rks ugh gqbAZ gk] jlwy eqgEen lkgc us ml o
ftf>;k ugh yxk;k tc veu dk;e FkkA ij ,slk dksbZ dj ^lEer* gksuk eq>s dksbZ voSk :i ls ,sBa k x;k iSlk
(Blackmail) gh yxrk gSA ^ckV ;ksj* us bl eqs ij vkSj Hkh fy[kk gSA efnuk ds mkj fnkk esa dqN ;gwfn;ksa
dks ywVus ds ckn jlwy lkgc us D;k krsZ yxkbZ blds ckjs esa og fy[krh gSa ^ôg [ksrh rks dj ldrs Fks ij ,d
ukSdj ;k dkrdkj dh rjg] mit dk vkkk fgLlk [kksuk iM+rk Fkk] vkSj fdlh Hkh o mUgsa fudkyk tk ldrk
FkkA** eSa jlwy lkgc dh fuank rks ugh dj jgh gw ij muds ,sls joS;s ls gh vkxs eqfLye j.kuhfr ;k jktuhfr
curh FkhA
vc nwljh rjQ ls Hkh ns[kk tk, rks dbZ ,sls bfrgkldkj gSa tks dgrs gaS fd jlwy lkgc vius iM+kslh
;gwfn;ksa dh rjQ cgqr Lusg fn[kkrs FksA mUgksua s eqlyekuksa dks fk{kk nh fd rqe Hkh mlh fnu miokl djks tc
;gwnh djrs gS] mUgksua s tqEes dk fnu eqlyekuksa ds fy, kFkZuk dk j[kk] ftls ;gwnh ifo= ekurs Fks] vkSj kq:vkr
esa eDds dh ctk, t:lyse dks kFkZuk dk fnkky{; LFkku cuk;kA gk] lkjs vPNs Hkko gSa ij gSa dsoy gkoHkko
gh! tks ,d eats gq, jktuhfrK dh rjg ds gh FksA ij bUgha dks ego nsuk rks gesa bLyke dh fokSyh lrgksa dks
Hkqyk nsus ;k muls ;ku gVk nsus tSlk gh gksxkA
eSa tku cw>dj bl ckr ij tksj ns jgh gwA jlwy lkgc ds bUrsdky ds dqN gh lky ckn ,d fnu fgyk
nsus okyk nLrkost+ t+kfgj gqvk & ftls ^vfkr* Hkh dgk x;kA bl nLrkost+ dk uke Fkk ^vkesj dk djkjukek*A
dkSu vkesj\ ;g Fks jlwy lkgc ds nwljs mkjkfkdkjh! bl nLtkost+ esa ;g ^vknsk* Fkk fd ^^tc dksbZ Hkh
eqlyeku cSBuk pkgrk gks rks lkjs xSj eqlyeku mBdj [kM+s gks]a vius iwtk LFkkuksa dh og ejEer uk djs]a uk gh
fQj ls cuok,aA ,d eqlyeku dh xokgh xSj eqlyeku dh xokgh dks dkV nsxhA oxSjk oxSjk**A bldk Mjkouk :i
rks vki le> gh x, gksx
a \s oSls rks ^vkesj* lkgc dk uke ,d vPNs vkSj kjhQ bUlku ds :i esa fy;k tkrk jgk
gSA bl ^nLrkost*+ ls mudk uke dSls tqM+ x;k ;g Hkh ,d gSjkuh dh ckr gSA vkSj tc ;g ,d jgL; gS rks ,d
u;k loky mBrk gS & fd eqlyekuksa us bl djkjukes dks lgh eku dj ukle>h vkSj vlgukhyrk dks gh D;ksa
viuk;k & le>nkjh] fopkjksa dh Lora=rk vkSj lfg.kqrk dks D;w NksM+ fn;k\ eSua s Hkh vius vki ls ;g ^djkj* dj
fy;k gS fd bl loky ds rg rd tkxhA
vHkh rks vkidks bruk gh crk ldrh gw fd bl djkjukesa us eqlyekuksa ds iqjkus ;k u, bfrgklksa esa fu.kkZ;d
vlj fd;k FkkA uos krkCnh ds kq:vkr esa ,d ukeh dkuwuh lykgdkj us eqfLye jkT;ikyksa dks xSj eqfLye tk
ls dSls laca k gksus pkfg,a] bldk minskij vknsk fn;k FkkA blesa xSj eqlyekuksa ds fy, tks [kkl vknsk Fksa
muesa Fkk %&
rqe jkLrs ds chp esa ugh pyksx]s u gh ckt+kj esa ,slh txg cSBksxs ftlls fdlh eqlyeku dks #dkoV gksA
viuh lokjh vkSj mlds thu ij [kkl fukku yxkvksxs
vius Vksih ij igpku ds fy, fukku yxkvksxs
lkjs diM+ksa ds mij ls ,d fn[kus okyk dejcan iguksxs rkfd rqEgkjh igpku gj o gks lds
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vc crkb,] D;k ;gh lkezkT;okn ugh gS\ vkSj bu vknskksa dks ^bZojh; i)fr* crkdj fQj ls vkSj
Hkkokkyh cuk fn;k x;kA D;k ckr gS! bZojh;\ [kkl igpku\ i)fr\ bu lcesa dksbZ kCn vkidks u [kVdk
gks] fQj Hkh de ls de î)fr* ij rks :fd,! blh ls ,d fu;ksftr laLfr dk vglkl gksrk gSA vkSj ;gh gS
^fkEehiuk*A
bLykeh Lo.kZ;x
q ds ikp lkS lkyksa esa ;gh vksej dk djkj Nk;k jgkA vkSj ekStnw Fkk og Hkaxqj fjrk tks
eqlyeku vkSj xSj eqlyekuksa esa jD[kk x;kA bldks FkksM+h xkSj ls nsf[k,&;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ ,d vthc my>u esa
Qals FksA mudh yk;fd;r ij mUgsa fdlh eqfLye jkT;iky us vPNs vksgns ij fcBkus dh bPNk tkfgj dh rks uezrk
ls mls euk dj ldrs Fks ij og jkT;iky blls ukjkt gks ldrk FkkA vkSj Lrko Lohdkj fd;k rks ^djkj* ds
vuqlkj og ^xqLrk[k+h* gks ldrh FkhA vkSj vius ifjokj ds lesr og vijkkh ekuk tk ldrk FkkA
mldk ,d mnkgj.k Hkh nsf[k,A ^keq,y* ,d fo}ku ;gwnh Fks tks egku dk;Z dqkyrk j[krs Fks vkSj
jktuhfrK] lsukifr ,oa rRoKkuh Hkh FksA og xzus kMk ds nks eqfLye jktkvksa ds kkuea=h jgsA Fks cgqr Hkkokkyh]
ij lkjs dke iwjh fouezrk ls djrs FksA mudh e`R;q ds ckn muds iq= ;qlQ dks kkuea=h in fn;k x;k FkkA Fks rks
og Hkh frHkkoku ij vius vgadkjh LoHkko dh otg ls cgqr ls eqlyeku mUgsa ukialn djus yxsA vkSj ^fkEehiu*
dk ikyu u djus ls mudk iru gqvkA 1066 esa ;qlQ
q dks ekj fn;k x;k vkSj ogk ds ;gwfn;ksa dk Hkh dRys vke
dj fn;k x;kA mPp in ysdj nksuksa us gh ^fkEehiu* dk mYya?ku fd;k Fkk] ij uezrk ls ^keq,y* cps jgs vkSj
;qlQ
q maMrk ds dkj.k viuh tku xokus ds lkFk dbZ vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ds ekSr ds Hkh dkj.k cusA ys[kd Qk;jLVksu
bl fok; esa dgrs gSa ^^gesa ;g Hkh ns[kuk pkfg, fd eqfLye kklu ds vUnj ;gwnh vkSj vU; vYila[;d yksxksa
dks dbZ vPNs in feys Fks**A vkSj Hkh ys[kd bl ckr dk leFkZu djrs gSAa dqN dgrs gSa fd ;gwfn;ksa ij vjc jkT;ksa
esa dksbZ tqYe ugh gksrk Fkk] tcfd bZlkb ppZ us ;gwfn;ksa dks vyx j[kus ds fy, [kkl jfgoklh eqgYyksa dk fuekZ.k
djk;k FkkA bu fopkjksa dk rks ;g eryc fudyrk gS fd FkksM+s cgqr dRys vke gks Hkh tk,a rks bLyke dks nksk u
nsa D;ksfa d ml o ds bZlkbZ jkT;ksas us iwjs ;gwfn;ksa dk gh lQk;k djus dk ;kl fd;k Fkk!
bl rjg ds dqN fopkjksa dks rks eSa eku ldrh gwA ij bl ckr dk Hkh [;ky jgs fd dSls dSls ^mej ds
djkj* dks viekfur rjg ls ;ksx
s esa yk;k x;k FkkA mkjh vfdk esa ;gwnh vkSj bZlkb;ksa dks vius dakksa ij lwvj
vkSj canjksa ds fpUg yxkus iM+rs FksA eqfLye tkx`fr ds dsU & cx+nkn & esa ^fkEeh* yksxksa dks ihys flrkjs yxs
diM+s iguus iM+rs FksA lksprh gw vc dqN ckrsa rks vki dh le> esa vk jgh gksx
a h! esjs le> esa rks dkQh dqN vk
x;k gSA eSa ;g Hkh le> jgh gw fd bLyke ,slk vyxko okyk (Insular) et+gc D;ksa cu x;k gSA ge vxj
lkspus ij jksd yxkdj iwjs tksk ls HksnHkko dh uhfr;k gh cjrsx
a s rks vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS\ ogh ûdyph* iuk
vkSj ^?k`.kk* feysx
a As fQj mlh ^?k`.kk dh udy* pyrh jgsxh!
^^#d tkvks!**] vki esa ls dbZ yksx+ fpYyk,ax]s ^^fdruh ckj vkidks crkuk iM+x
s k fd gesa ;gwnh ;k bZlkb;ksa
dks viekfur djus esa dksbZ fnypLih ughA ge ugh pkgrs fd og esjs kgj esa dksbZ ^fpUg* yxkdj ?kweAsa vki bl
rjg lkjs eqlyekuksa dks bl ^?k`.kk dh udy* esa kkfey u djsAa Please!** Bhd gS ;g ckr] ij tku yhft, fd
;g ?k`.kk dh Hkkouk dsoy ihys flrkjksa rd lhfer ugh gS] og cgqr xgjh nqHkkZouk gSA ftrus eqlyekuksa dks eSa
tkurh gw muesa ls dksbZ Hkh bl Hkkouk ls eq ugh gSA
cpiu ls eSa dqkksa ls ?kcjkrh vkbZ gwA eq>s bLyke esa ;gh fl[kk;k x;k fd og ,d csgn xank k.kh gSA
mlls dHkh Hkh I;kj ugh djuk & og rks iwjh rjg ls kSrku dk :i gSA ;gh ckrsa jlwy ds ^gfnFk* esa Hkh c;ku gSAa
tgk dkys dqks dk ft+dj vkrk gS ogha ij vkSjrksa dh vkSj ;gwfn;ksa dh ?kksj fuank Hkh dh xbZ gSA fui{k rks NksfM+,
dkys dqkksa ds lkFk gh ^^ckdh vkSj** yksxksa dks ?k`.kk ds ik= crk;k gSA vc ge vxj gkfnFk ds ckjs esa loky u iwNs
vkSj bl ^HksnHkko* ls Hkh vk[ksa can dj ys]a rks ,d ,slh .kkyh dk;e djsx
a s ftlesa bZoj ds gh cuk, x, kf.k;ksa
dks uhp ;k kSrkuh mit le>rs jgsx
a As
dSls ikxyiuk yxrk gS u\ ysfdu ;g lc lp gSA ,d dgkuh lqfu,A
,d ifjofrZr eqlyeku ds ikl ikyrq dqkk FkkA eqYykth us mlls dgk bldks fudky ckgj dj nksA
ckj&ckj mldks NksMu+ s dh dksfkk ds ckotwn og fQj okil vk tkrk FkkA eqYykth dks iwNus ij mlus crk;k
mls Hkw[kk ekj nks! tc ;g dgkuh ,d bLykeh dkuwu ds ksQslj us lquh rks og cxkor ij mrj vk;kA lkjh
fdrkcsa vkSj dkuwu Nku ekjsa ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd eqYykth dgk rd lgh FksA mUgksua s ik;k fd dqks] vkSjrsa vkSj
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;gwfn;ksa dks jlwy lkgc us dHkh cnuke ugh fd;k FkkA og rks dqks dh ekStnw xh esa Hkh uekt i<+rs FksA ;s lkjh
djrwrsa ckn esa vk, ekSyfo;ks dh Fkh] vkSj dksbZ bZojh; vkKk ,slh ugh gS] ;g dsoy iksx
a kiu gSA vc blh ksQslj
lkgc us rhu dqks ikys gSa ftuesa ,d dkyk Hkh gS! ;gh gS ^bfTrgkn* dk rjhdk vkSj Hkko ftlls bZojh; se dks
vkneh ds dkuwu ls ij jD[kk tkrk gSA
;g le> yhft, dh ^bfTrgkn* ds Hkko dV djus ds fy, gesa dksbZ fo}kk dh t:jr ugh gSA bLyke ds
fok; esa gekjh tks Hkh kadk,a gSa mUgsa [kqys esa ykuk iM+x
s k vkSj gj bUlku ds eu esa dqN rks loky fNis gq, gksrs
gh gSAa ge yksxksa us dbZ ckj ;g îwNus* dk dke fd;k Hkh gS ij cgqr FkksM+k vkSj Mjrs Mjrs! bftIr esa djhcu lkS
lky igys lkE;okn] ukfLrdokn vkSj evolution ds fok; esa ppkZ,a gksrh FkhA djhc ipkl nSfud vkSj nks lkS
lkIrkfgd [kqydj blesa fgLlk ysrs FksA kkfeZd lqkkjksa dh ekx Hkh mBus yxh FkhA bl fopkj i)fr ij ;wjksi ds
lkFk 19oha krkCnh ds var esa gq, lafk dk vlj iM+k & lkezkT;okn ds f[kykQ vkSj vjc & bLyke ,drk ds ukjksa
ls lkjh ppkZ,a gh Bi gks xbZA 1920 ds djhc lkjs loky gyds iM+ x, FksA mlh o mHkj vk;k Muslim
Brotherhood ;k eqfLye cakqRo laxBuA ml o dk ^vy&dk,nk* gh le> yhft,! blesa kkfey gksus okys
nks gh pht+s ekxrs Fks & dqjku vkSj ,d fiLrkSy! dksbZ loky djus dk rks loky gh ugh FkkA
vkt bftIr esa tks ?kksj ;gwnh fojksk gks jgk gS og blh dk :i gSA blesa fdruk vfM;y iuk ;k ew[kZrk gS
og nsf[k,A 1990 esa blzkby us bftIr dks lkFk [ksrh esa vkkqfud ra= ckVus dh igy dhA ij bftIr ds v[kckjksa
esa lqf[kZ;k Nius yxh fd blls t+gjhys cht vkSj dSalj iSnk djus okyh ddfM+;k nh tk jgh gSAa blh ds lkFk ,d
vkSj eqghe kq: dh xbZ & ^^tks vkSjrsa pqbx
a xe [kkrh gS og Hk;adj dkeqd gks tkrh gSa vkSj bu [ksrksa ds Qy
[kkdj vkneh ukenZ gks tkrs gS!a vkSj ;g gky gS bftIr dk ftlus bljkby ds lkFk kkafrlafk fd;k FkkA
,slk gh ,d lafk fd;k Fkk tkWMuZ us HkhA ogk ds dbZ v[k+ckjksa us & ftuesa nks ljdkjh Fks & dgk ^^11
flrEcj ds geys ;gwfn;ksa us gh fd, FksA ;wjksi ds ;gwnh blhfy, vefjdk x, fd ogk dh lkjh cSd
a ksa dks vius
dkcw esa dj ysAa lkFk gh lkjs lkj.k lkku] iwt
a h] ksvj ekdsVZ vkSj jktdh; lkk Hkh dkcw djuk FkkA vefjdh
ok;q lsuk esa Hkh ?kqliSBa djuh FkhA bl rjg lkjs gokbZ tgkt] sl] jsfMvks] Vhoh] cSd
a vkSj LVkWd ekdsVZ ;gwfn;ksa ds
gkFk esa vk x, FksA vkSj vc cqk lkgc dg jgs gS fd kekdksa dh tkp dh tk,xhA vjs og lc djus okys ;gwnh
gh Fks!a **
;g rks [ksn dh ckr gS fd ;g vkjksi ,d moderate vjc nsk ls fudys gS&ij blls [krjukd ckr ;g
gS fd ;gh fopkj vc ifpe ds eqlyeku Hkh ekurs gS!a 11 flracj ds ckn eq>s ,d [kr feyk ftl esa dgk Fkk
^êSa ,d mnkjer dk eqlyeku gwA vkids ys[kksa us esjk lkjk fookl rks [kRe dj gh fn;k gS] lkFk lkFk geusa
bLyke dk lgh vkSj lPpk lan
s k c<+kus dh tks Hkh dksfkksa dh Fkh og Hkh [k+Re gks xbZA** vc bu lkgc us ;g
^lgh vkSj lPpk lan
s k* D;k Fkk ;g crkus dk dV rks ugh fd;k Fkk ij ;g ckj ckj dgk fd ^^;gwnh gh lkjh
if=dk,a pyk jgs gSa vkSj vki mUgsa gh leFkZu ns jgh gS*a * & vkSj ^^ge vkidks ;g rks ugh dgrs fd vius ij
censor fcBkvks ij bl ij fopkj djsa fd vki ,d eqlyeku gksdj ,sls fopkj dV djrh gS vkSj mlh dk
bLrseky xSj eqlyeku djrs gS*a *A
;g ^lgh vkSj lPps* Jheku ,d ckr ij rks lgh FksA eSa lqkkj ds fok; esa tks Hkh fy[krh Fkh ml ij ;gwnh
fopkjdksa us dkQh ;ku fn;kA blzkby us eq>s 2002 esa ogk vkus dk fuea=.k Hkstk! kk;n blfy, fd eSa can
njokts [kksyus dk pkj djrh gwA bl fuea=.k ij fopkj djrs djrs eq>s ,d cgqr cM+s HksnHkko dk [;ky vk;kA
eqlyeku tSls ;gwfn;ksa ls uQjr djrs gSa oSls gh vkSjrksa ls Hkh djrs gSAa vc ;gh x+uher gS fd eqlyekuksa ds
geo-political t[+eksa ds fy, ;k muds oSpkfjd Bgjko ds fy, og vkSjrksa dks rks ft+Eesnkj ugh Bgjk jgs gS!a vc
vxj blzkby dh fujh{k.k vkSj foospu djsa rks kk;n bLyke ds lqkkj dh pkHkh Hkh fey tk,!
eSua s blzkby vkus ds fuea=.k dks Lohdkj rks dj fn;k ij nks krsZ j[khA
eSa tks Hkh pkgw og loky iwN ldrh gwA
dgk tkuk gS ;g eSa gh r; d:xhA

;g rks ogh krs gSa tks ,sls gh fuea=.k ij eSua s vjc vkSj eqfLye laLFkkvksa ds lkeus jD[kh FkhaA mUgksua s rks
dksbZ tokc ugh fn;k Fkk] ij ;gqnh laLFkkvksa us eku fy;kA fQj eSua s vius vki ls iwNk ^D;k eSa tk\* eq>s og
22
yksx ;kn vk, tks gj ckr ds fy, ;gwnh ^lqvj ;k dqkks*a dks ft+Eesnkj Bgjkrs gS]a ;k dgrs gSa ^ns[kks eqlyekuksa ds
lkFk iSysLVhu esa D;k gks jgk gS* & ij ogh rkfycku ds vR;kpkjksa ij pqi jgrs gS!a
;g ^vjc&;gwnh Mkek* esjs fnekx esa geskk gh jgrk FkkA blhfy, eSua s lkspk] [kqn gh ns[k yw fd D;k lp esa
blzkby eqlyekuksa ds brus Hk;adj dzks k dk nkskh gS\ ;g ogh dzks k gS ftls vius gkykrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy,
;k ft+Eek NqM+kus ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ifpe ds [kqys okrkoj.k esa jgrs gq, vius rkSjrjhds tkpus
;k cnyus dh fdruh t+:jr gS\ vxj ge pkgrs gSa fd eqlyeku vius ladfq pr okrkoj.k ls fudy tk,a vkSj
vuqnkjrk dks NksM+ nsa & rks gesa igys vius vk[kksa ij yxh ih fudky Qsd
a uh iMsxhA fQj ns[kuk pkfg, fd D;k
blzkby mruk gh Hk;adj k.kh gS ftruk fd ge lksprs gSAa
eSua s blzkby ds leFkZdksa dks dg fn;k ^êsjk fVdV cuok gh nks!**
23
v/;k;&4
njokt+s vkSj dejcan

eSua s vius lkFkh ls iwNk] osLV cSd
a if'peh rV tkus esa fdruh fnDdrsa gksx
a h\ dkQh eqf'dy gS] mlus dgkA
blzkby&fQfyLrhu ;q) esa dkQh ruko py jgk gSA veu dh ckrsa VwV xbZ Fkha vkSj jkst+ gh vkRe?kkrh
ceckt+ fQfyLrhuh] blzkbZy ls blds tokc esa gsfydkWIVj ls geys] d;Zw vkSj vjkQkr ds eq[;ky; ij geyk&;g
lc py jgk FkkA gekjs tkus ds fnu rd u gesa gka dgk x;k&u gh *ughaA
fdUrq ge igqp gh x,A igys nks fnu rsy&vchc vkSj fQj ;#'kyeA vk'kk fo|eku Fkh fd oSLV cSd
a Hkh tk
ik,axAs
rsyvchc esa ,d i=dkj us iz'u mBk;k Fkk &**D;k blzkbZy dks ;gwnh jkT; jguk pkfg, ;k ,d ,slk
lsD;qyj jkT;] tgk vkids etgc@fo'okl dk dksbZ ego u gksxk vkSj ;g Hkh dgk fd gksyksdkWLV ;gwfn;ksa dk
dRysvke dks D;k txg nsuh pkfg, \ u dsoy blzkbZy ds bfrgkl es]a cfYd vkt ds lanHkZ es]a tc blzkbZy ,d
'kj.k&LFkyh cu x;k gS&mldk D;k gks\** esjk [;ky Fkk fd blzkby esa vki etgc ij geyk u dj ldsx
a As ij
eSa xyr FkhA fdlh Hkh ckrphr ij [kqyk okn&fookn t:j gksrk ns[kk] ij eukgh dgha ugha FkhA blzkbZy dk dkuwu
vkidks viuh ckr dgus dh vktknh nsrk gS&;gh cgqr dqN dgrk gS] muds rjhdksa ds i{k esAa
,d ?kVuk gqbZ FkhA eqnn~ k ;g Fkk fd ckgj ds Vhoh U;wt+ pSuy dgk rd lgh&lgh ckrsa fn[kk jgs gSa ;k
yM+kbZ dh [kcjsa Bhd ns jgs gSAa blzkbZy ds lapkj ea=h us /kedh nh Fkh fd ^^ge ^lh,u,u* dks gVkdj *QkWDl
pSuy* dks lkjs vf/kdkj nsx
a As ** ml ij blzkbZyh if=dk gkjst+ us dgk *,slk djus ls rks vki Hkh vjkQkr tSls gh
rsoj fn[kk jgs gS]a tSls mlus lh,u,u ds eq[; laoknnkrk ij Qksu iVd fn;k FkkA dsoy izpkj djus ds ctk,
vius fl)kar dk;e j[kus ds i{k esa if=dk us dgk] ^^blzkbfy;ksa dk ;g vf/kdkj gS fd os tku ysa fd lh,u,u
;k chchlh blzkbZy ds ljdkjh n`f"Vdks.k dh flQZ Nk;k ugha gSA**
;#'kye esa ^Mkse vkWQ fn jkWd* ns[kus xbZA eqlyekuksa ds fy, cgqr eqdn~nl ifo= txg gSA crk;k tkrk
gS fd ;gha ls jlwy eqgEen tUur x, Fks vkSj dbZ igys jlwyksa ls feydj muls Kku izkIr fd;kA lqudj rks eq>s
cgqr [kq'kh gqbZ FkhA ij tc og LFkku ns[kus dk le; vk;k] rks bruk lqgkouk ugha FkkA
eSa ogk igqph] ,d yack pksxk igudj] mlds ij iwjh ckag dk] iwjs cVu okyk dkfMZxu Hkh] vkSj ckyksa ij
*fgtkc* iguk FkkA oSls blzkbyh lkfFk;ksa us ogk ds oD+Q okyksa dks igys gh [kcj nh FkhA 'kk;n ;gh crkus fd
b'kkZn ^^vki yksxks*a * esa ls ,d gSA 'kk;n ;g iwjk lgh ugha FkkA
ogk igqph rks oD+Q ds ,d eksVs Mjkous 'k[l us ij ls uhps rd ns[kk&fQj cksyk&gesa rks fdlh vkSjr ds
vkus dh [kcj ugha FkhA 'kk;n esjk uke lqudj *bj'kkn*] tks fd vDlj yM+dksa dk uke gksrk gS] oDQ okys Hkh
fdlh vkneh dk bUrtkj dj jgs Fks\ fQj ;g r; gqvk fd ;#'kye ds ,d iqfyl vQlj dh ns[kjs[k esa ij
tk ldrh gwA
eSa pyus gh yxh] rHkh crk;k x;k fd ,d vkSj 'krZ gSA eq>s ,d dejcan xMZy iguuk iM+x
s kA gs Hkxoku~!
**mej dk djkjukek** ;kn vk;k 'kk;nA muds dFkukuqlkj lkjs *f/kEeh* yksxksa dks ,slk xMZy iguuk iM+rk FkkA eSa
tc mls vanj ls iguus yxh rks] mlus flj fgykrs gq, dgk *u & ij ls iguks*A diM+ksa ds ij rkfd lcdks
[kcj gksA eSa ,d ik'pkR; eqfLye vkSjr rks Fkh gh vkSj 'kk;n fNih gqbZ ;gwnu\ 'kk;n bruh gh ckr Fkh fd eSa
fupys ntZs dh FkhA cgqr dksf'k'k dh] tc diM+ksa ds ij ls u iguk tk ldk rks vanj iguus dh btkt+r gks
xbZA
tSls gh ^vy vDlk* efLtn ds njokts ij nkf[ky gqbZ rks ,d cqtx
q Z vkneh esjk jkLrk jksd dj [kM+k gks
x;kA mls crkus dh cgqr dksf'k'k dh fd oDQ okyksa us eq>s vanj tkus dh btktr nh gS] ij og le>us dks gh
rS;kj u FkkA vpkud esjh rjQ Vs<+h ut+jksa ls ns[krs gq, dgk ^^fcfLeYyk&vy jgeku&vy jghe**A dqjku dh
igyh ykbusAa vc D;k pkgrs gSa ;g lkgc \ D;k tokc nwAa eSua s vkxs dh ykbusa cksyh] ^^vy&genqfyYyk jCc
vy&vykehu*! esjh enjls okyh f'k{kk dke vk xbZ vkSj cM+h vfuPNk ls vanj tkus dks dgkA
efLtn ns[kdj c<+s *Mkse* dh rjQA vanj rst+ jks'kuh flQZ iqjkus jkWd ij Fkh] blfy, ckdh va/ksjk FkkA ,d
eqfLye vkSjr feyh tks U;w tlhZ ;w-,l-,- esa i<+krh FkhA gj lky ;gk vkrh FkhA ckrsa djrs le; mlus
dgk**&;gk gekjs yksx eqf'dy esa gSAa dksbZ ukSdjh ugha gSA dbZ fnu gks x,A ^^fQj eSua s iwNk ^<sj lkjh enn tks
if'peh ns'k fQfyLrhu dks ns jgs gS]a mldk D;k \** ^îrk ugha& ij 'kk;n mlesa ls dqN&dqN rks ---** viuh tsc
esa iSls Mkyus ds b'kkjs fd,A fQj eSua s iwNk &^D;k gekjs ikl iSls ugha gSa ;k lgh usrR` o ugha gS tks mldk lgh
24
bLrseky dj lds \* ^Hkxoku~ tkus !* mlus dgk] ^^dbZ yksx rks ;g dgrs gSa fd efLtn ckgj ls rxM+h fn[kuh
pkfg,A bUgsa rks dsoy iSarjsckt+h pkfg,&yksxksa dk dqN Hkh gksA**
fdlh rjg viuk dejcan mrkjdj okil xbZA lekpkj feyk fd ge *osLV cSd
a if'peh rV ns[kus tk
ldrs gSAa losjs gesa ,d u;kpkj vf/kdkjh izkVs ksdkWy vQlj us dqN tkudkfj;ka nhaA og fQfyLrhfu;ksa ds lkFk gh
dke dj jgk Fkk vkSj muesa fo'okl Hkh j[krk FkkA mlus dgk] ^^;s yksx Lo;a gh viuh ljdkj pyk ldrs
gS&
a vxj mUgsa muds gky ij NksM+ fn;k tk, vkSj blesa dsoy ;g ckr ugha fd blzkbZy lSfudh dCtk [kRe dj nsA
mldk b'kkjk ;g Hkh Fkk fd vkt dh fQfyLrhuh ljdkj dks viuk jkScnkj joS;k cnydj ,slh ljdkj cukuh
pkfg, tks vius yksxksa dh Hkh dqN dnz djsA fQj mlls pkgs muds dkSeh us'kufyLV [;kyksa dks pksV igqpAs
*fQfyLrhfu;ksa us blzkbfy;ksa ls cgqr dqN lh[kk gS&dbZ eqnn~ ksa ij rks og blzkbfy;ksa dh rjg cuuk pkgrs gSAa ** bl
vf/kdkjh us dgk] ^êsjk pkyd dgrk gS fd ;gk Hkh dkuwu dk jkt gksuk pkfg,] tSlk blzkby esa gSA** vke yksxksa
dh Hkh ;gh jk; gSA ,d i=dkj dgrs gS]a ^tc fQfyLrhfu;ksa ls iwNrs gSa fd dkSu&lk yksdra= Mseksslh mUgsa
ilan gS] ftls og pkgrs gSAa bl ij mUgsa blzkbyh rjhdk gh ilan gksrk gSA
ge ^^jkeYyk** igqp]s mlh fnu blzkbyh QkSt us d;Zw gVk fn;k Fkk rkfd ijh{kk,a gks ldsAa yksx nkSMn+ kSM+
dj vxys grs dk jk'ku tqVk jgs FksA dbZ VwVh&QwVh nqdkuksa ij fy[kk Fkk ^;wjksfi;u deh'ku ds }kjk enn*A ij
cgqr lh can Fkhaa ;k fQj mUgsa QV~Vs tM+ dj can fd;k x;k FkkA
ge tgka tk jgs Fks ml jktnwrkokl esa ,d ys[kd ^jt+k 'kkgnsg* vkus okys Fks] tks odhy Hkh Fks vkSj ekuo
vf/kdkj ny ds laLFkkid Hkh FksA bu ls feyus dks eSa mRlqd Fkh] D;ksfa d de ls de vius ys[kksa esa og dsoy *mu*
yksxksa dks dlwjokj Bgjkus ds vkxs dqN vkSj Hkh dgrk FkkA mlds firk ^vtht+* igys ize[q k fQfyLrhuh Fks] ftUgksua s
blzkbZy dk *gksuk* ekurs gq, *nks dkSeks*a ij ,d vk/kkjHkwr ;kstuk Hkh is'k dh FkhA 'kkgnsg ds eqrkfcd vjkQkr ds
xqxksZa us mUgsa *ukyk;d fiNyXxw* dgdj vjch jsfM;ks ij /kedk;k Hkh Fkk fd] ^^rqEgsa viuh xn~nkjh dh dher
pqdkuh gksxhA rqEgsa [kRe dj nsx
a &
s ges'kk ds fy,] pqi gks tkvks] ckdh yksxksa ds fy, ,d felky cuk nsx
a As * vkfnA
fQfyLrhuh odhyksa dh dkSfa ly us mUgsa fudky ckgj dj fn;k Fkk vkSj dqN o"kksZa ds ckn mudh lafnX/k fLFkfr;ksa esa
gR;k gks xbZ FkhA eq>s vk'kk Fkh fd ,slk 'ksjfny vkneh dqN rks lkQ&lkQ cksyx
s kA
muds vkus esa nsj FkhA rc ,d vkSj oDrk us yacs Hkk"k.k esa dgk ^^vius vkidks /kks[kk u nsAa dksbZ Hkh dCtk
djus okyk dHkh Hkh jge fny ugha gks ldrkA dCts dk eryc gh gksrk gS fd vki viuh fdLer ij vf/kdkj [kks
cSBs gSAa vki jkLrs esa ftu pkSfd;ksa ls xqt+jdj vk, gS]a vkius ns[kk gh gksxk] ge fgy ugha ldrsA** ;s pkSfd;ka rks
lp esa fiatM+ksa dh rjg gh Fkha&fQfyLrhfu;ksa ds fy,A bl fglkc ls vkt tks fgQktrh vkM+ & flD;ksfjVh csfjvj
cus gSa os Hkh ?kqVu gh iSnk dj jgs gSAa dbZ xkao nks esa cV x, gS&
a NksV&
s NksVs cPps gh [kcjsa ;k NksVk&eksVk lkeku
ysdj bu ca/kksa ds ikj tk ldrs gSAa ;g u rks fQfyLrhuh O;kikj ds fy, vPNk gS u gh mudh bTt+r ds fy,A
,d vkSj i=dkj us dgk] ^^;g vkRe?kkrh ceckt+kas dks can dj nks & rks gj ,d dks ?kweus dh vktknh
gksxhA** nwljs i=dkj bls ekuus ls bUdkj djrs gSAa ** bu /kekdksa ls igys Hkh dksbZ vktknh ugha FkhA gesa viuk
igpku&i= ges'kk lkFk j[kuk iM+rk gSA gekjh xkfM+;ksa ds uacj IysV Hkh vyx jax ds gksrs gS]a ;gh rks jaxHksn gSA**
,d vkSj i=dkj us iwNk fd lu~ 2000 esa vesfjdh jk"Vifr fDyaVu ds }kjk izLrkfor laf/k ij ckr gksus ds
igys gh vjkQkr mls NksMd
+ j [kM+s gks x,A ;g rks Lok/khu ns'k cuus dk lqugjk volj Fkk ftlesa yxHkx lkjs
eqnn~ s fQfyLrhu ds i{k esa tk jgs FksA bl ij fVIi.kh gqbZ fd ;g laf/k rks dsoy ,d Nykok Fkk tSls nf{k.k
vhdk dh rjg NksV&
s NksVs uhe vkt+kn ns'k cuk, tkus FksA
bl ckr ij geus bruk gh iwNk fd pkgs ;g ckr lp Hkh gks] vjkQkr us bl laf/k ij viuh rjQ ls
la'kks/ku D;ksa ugha is'k fd;k \ ,sls iwjs lq>ko dks gh Bqdjk nsus ls muds vius yksx gh vkxs dh ckrphr ;k laf/k
ls oafpr jg x,A brus xgekxgeh esa gh jt+k 'kkgnsg vk x,A
vc eq>s bUrt+kj Fkk fd vc lkQ 'kCnksa esa dqN Bksl lquus dks feysxkA lHkh yksx 'kkgnsg dh rjQ ns[k jgs
FksA tc mlus viuh fdrkc fudkyh rks eSa [kq'k gks xbZ] ;g rks esjh iwjh i<+h gqbZ FkhA okg&okgA fQj 'kq:vkr
gqbAZ ^î`"B 173**] mlus dgk] blzkbZy ds nks Hk;kud fu'kku gS]a budk ut+fj;k vkSj buds cqYMkst+jA igys ls rks
izsj.kk feyrh gS vkSj nwljs ls ,d gh fnu esa cjcknh] ftls cukus esa dbZ yksxksa dks eghuksa yxrs gSAa ** blh rt+Z esa
vkxs 'kkgnsg o.kZu djus yxs&dSls blzkbZy us vius rduhdh Kku dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fQyhLrhfu;ksa dks cs?kj dj
fn;k FkkA viuh gh fdrkc ls i<+rs gq, & ftls eSa ckj&ckj jV pqdh Fkh&fdlh vge eqnn~ s ij vkus ds FkksMk+ igys
gh og #d tkrk FkkA ,d eqnn~ k Fkk tgk mlds firk vtht+ us dgk Fkk] ^fQfyLrhu ds fy, dqN rlYyhc[+'k
urhtk dsoy ckrphr ls gh fudy ldrk gS] ceckjh ls ughaA cl ,d jktuhfrd igy gh dke djsxh] og Hkh
tYn gh D;ksfa d vc rks tehu gh [kRe gks pyh gSA ;gh vjkQkr dks djuk Fkk] vkSj ugha fd;kA**
25
ij tSls 'kkgnsg us vius gh fdrkc ij *lsUlj* dh dSp

a h pyk nh] eSa rks nax jg xbZA fQj eglwl fd;k fd
,d HkhM+ ds saamanao KDo haokr ]nakI baat na maananaa cgqr egaxk iM+rk gS&tSlk 'kkgnsg ds firk us viuh tku xaokdj gh
tkukA dSlh vthc ckr Fkh fd vkt ckdh lc yksx rks vkt+knh ls ?kwe jgs Fks ij 'kkgnsg vius *vk/ks lp* ysDpjksa
ls ckgj ugha vk ldrs FksA
vpkud lcdks ;kn vk;k fd d;Zw fQj yxus ls igys vkSj dbZ dke iwjs djus Fks&QyLo:i lHkk lekIr
gks xbZA ckgj vk,A pk; ds lkFk gSe vkSj pht+ ds lSM
a fop cus FksA bl ehfVax esa tc de ls de ,d eqlyeku
vkSj nks&,d ;gwnh mifLFkr Fks] ftuds fy, lqvj gjke gS] bldk bLrseky vkSj ;g Hkh ,d fMIykseslh ds vM~Ms
ij
mlh jkr eq>s VksjVsa ksa okil tkuk FkkA gokbZ vM~Ms ij eSa lh/kh fdrkcksa dh nqdku esa ?kqlhA ;g esjh det+ksjh
gS & nks fdrkcsa mBkba & ,d dqN i{kikrjfgr U;wVy Fkh vkSj nwljh iwjh rjg vjcksa dh rjQ >qdh gqbAZ ijUrq
;g fdrkc blzkbZy esa [kqyv
s ke fey jgh gS] ;g Hkh muds [kqyis u dk ladsr gSA fQj eq>s ckj&ckj ;kn vkrk jgk
og *jaxHksn* dk vkjksi tgk vjcksa dks fnujkr ;gh lguk iM+rk gS ftldh eq>s dsoy >yd gh feyh FkhA ogha
blzkbZyh flikgh ftuesa toku vkSjrsa Hkh Fkha & gfFk;kjcan gksdj x'r yxk jgs gSa & nks pkSfd;ksa ds chp esa /kwy Hkjs
yacs jkLrs & rSukr flikgh vjch Hkk"kk tkurs gq, Hkh mldk iz;ksx ugha djsx
a As igpku&i=] daVhys rkj] c[rjcan
xkfM+;ka] ehyksa rd QSyh ;gwnh cfLr;ka] ftUgsa gVkus esa lkyksa lky yx tk,axs & vkSj rc rd dksbZ Hkh urhtk ugha
fudy ldsxkA D;k xksyxksy ijs'kkuh ds pDdj gSAa ij dqN le> esa vkus okyk gh gSA
,d fdrkc [kksyh&1997 ds Journal of Palestine studies dh dkWihA og ,slk le; Fkk tc 'kkafr dh
dqN mEehnsa FkhaA igys gh ys[k esa dgk x;k Fkk] ^ftUgksua s blzkbZy dh LFkkiuk dh] mUgksua s yksdra= dh gR;k dh FkhA
,d ;gwnh usrk dk gokyk fn;k Fkk & ^geus viuh ekaxksa dks dHkh Hkh bl ckr ds Hkjksls ugha j[kk] fd vjc gekjh
ckrsa ekusx
a As tc mudh jt+keanh ekax jgs gks]a rks t+:jh Fkk fd os euk dj nsx
a As * tSls & tSls i<+rh xbZ rks ys[kd
dh dM+okgV dk vkHkkl gks jgk FkkA
blh fdrkc esa ,d vkSj bdckfy;k dUQs'ku dgkuh i<+hA fy[kus okyk lkyksa ckn *xkt+k* okil vk;k FkkA
lu~ 1997 esa yx jgk Fkk fd Lora= fQfyLrhu 'kk;n cu gh tk,xk vkSj og blh mEehn esa okil vk;k Fkk fd
Lora= gksus ds ckn D;k djsx
a As ij mls tks ns[kus dks feyk] og Fkk ,d ,slk lekt tks lPpkbZ & honesty ls
[kkyh FkkA gj rjQ dsoy cgkusckt+h Fkh] fd iqjkus nq[kM+s dSls mtkxj djsAa mlus dgk] ^dqN ubZ pwuk yxh nhokjsa
ns[khaAa dqN gh fnu igys ,d fQfyLrhuh fdlh mM+rh xksyh dk f'kdkj gks x;k FkkA bUgha nhokjksa ij mlds izfr
'kksd lan's k obituary fy[ks x, Fks ftlesa gj tkus & ekus ;k vUktku fxjksgksa us mls vius gh xqV ds ,d 'kghn
vkSj 'kkunkj ghjks dh rjg is'k fd;k Fkk vkSj mldks ekjus okyksa dks dM+h lt+k nsus dk Hkh ladYi fd;k x;k FkkA
vc bu ckrksa esa lPpkbZ vkSj og lQsn nhokj bu nksuksa dk dRy djk fn;k x;k Fkk D;ksfa d ;g iDdh ckr Fkh fd
og e`r O;fDr fdlh Hkh xqV esa 'kkfey ugha FkkA ;g rks ^'kghnksa ds fy, Hkw[k* Fkh tks ,d Hkwr dh Hkkfr lokj gqvk
Hkkokos'k Fkk] lcdks [kkus okykA
blls Li"V Fkk] fd ml mEehn ds le; esa fQfyLrhuh eqlyekuksa ij ê`R;q dh bPNk* gh lokj FkhA ,slk D;ksa
\ fy[kus okyk dgrk gS] ;g dsoy dCts+ dh dBksjrk dk izHkko gh ugha FkkA ;g rks iwjh rjg vkRefujh{k.k &
KudinagarI & ls bUdkj djus dh ckr FkhA blh ls usdh dh dnz gh [kRe gks xbZ] ftl ij lekt dh uhao jgrh gSA
vius vkidks fdlh Hkh Vhdk & fVIi.kh ds ij ;k ijs le>uk ;g vkRefo'okl ugha&;g rks vius vkidks iwjh
nqfu;k ls vyx djds ,d dSIlwy fMfc;k esa can dj nsus ds cjkcj gS vkSj bldh cM+h Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+h
gSA
vc eSua s iDdk bjknk cuk fy;k fd eSa vo'; irk yxk fd eqlyekuksa us dqjku dh ml vge ckr ls dSls
/kks[kk fd;k] tks dgrh gS] ^vYykg dHkh Hkh yksxksa ds vanj tks gS] mls cnyrk ugha & tc rd og [kqn vius
vanj tks gS mls cny u nsAa * blzkbZyh v[kckj i<+dj eq>s rlYyh gqbZ fd viuh et+gch det+kfs j;ka tkfgj djus esa
dksbZ 'keZ ugha gksuh pkfg,A *oD+Q* us eq>s fl[kk;k fd eqga esa MkaV Bwlus ls dkQh cnukeh gksrh gS&pkgs og
dejcan xMZy
Z gks ;k vkSj dqNA eSa pqi ugha jgwx
a hA vc irk yxkuk gh gksxk] dkSu lh pht+sa gSa tks ge eqlyeku
vius vkidks crkrs jgrs gS]a rkfd ge yksx gennhZ dh [kkst djrs jgsa vkSj ^^gesa f'kdkj cuk;k tk jgk gS** blh
ckr ij xqt+kjk djrs jgsAa
26
v/;k;&5
dkSu fdldks /kks[kk ns jgk gS \**

fQfyLrhfu;ksa esa ,d pqVdqyk py jgk gS & ^vjkQkr 'kghn gksdj tUur esa igqp tkrs gS]a ogk ns[krs gSa fd
muds tSls gh dbZ ^'kghn* ,d HkhM+ cukdj [kM+s gS&
a viuh gwjas vkSj vaxwj dh 'kjkc ikus ds fy, csrkc&ij tUur
ds njokt+s ds ckgj gh gSAa ogk ds Qfj'rksa us mUgsa vanj ugha tkus fn;k gSA csdkcw gks jgh HkhM+ us tc vjkQkr dks
ns[kk] rks ,d pSu dh lkl yh&gekjs *lnz* jk"Vifr vc ;gk gSa vkSj ogh gekjs fy, cksyx
sa As dgdj ,d nwljs dks
fnyklk nsus yxsA
vjkQkr pDdj esa vk x,A iwNk] rqe yksx vanj D;ksa ugha x, \
*gekjs uke mudh fyLV esa ugha gSA mu yksxksa us dgk gS fd *fQfyLrhuh* uke dh dksbZ pht+ gh ugha gSA*
vjkQkr f[kM+dh dh rjQ ljds vkSj ogk cSBs Qfj'rs&ckcw dks viuk ifjp; fn;k fd og fQyhLrhuh yksxksa
ds jguqek yhMj gSAa *dkSu yksx*] vpaHks esa vk;k Qfj'rkA
*fQfyLrhuh yksx*] vjkQkr us xqjkZ dj dgkA fQj Qfj'rk&ckcw us lkjh fyLVsa fQj ls ns[kha] fQj euk djrs
gq, da/ks mpdk,A vjkQkr us t+ksjnkj ekax dh fd og vYykg ls feyuk pkgsx
a As
nsonwr us tkdj vYykg ls dgk&ckgj njokt+s ij dksbZ fpYyk jgk gS fd og vkSj mlds yksx *'kghn* gSa
vkSj vius tUur esa jgus dk gd ekax jgs gSAas ijarq muesa ls dksbZ Hkh gekjh fyLV esa ugha gSAa *D;k rqEgsa ;dhu gS*\
vYykg us iwNkA *irk ugha fdruh ckj eSua s rlYyh dh gSA*
dkQh nsj lkspdj vYykg us QekZ;k] ^^,slk djks tfczy eq[; Qfj'rk dks crkdj muds fy, ,d *dSEi*
cuok nks&tgk ;s yksx dqN lgh urhtk fudyus rd jg ldsx
a *s A
OkkgOkk--- OkkgOkk ---A pkgs tUur es]a pkgs tehu ij fQfyLrhuh rks ges'kk ds fy, êqgkftj* fj;wth gh jgsx
a As
bl pqVdqys esa fQfyLrhfu;ksa ds Mwcrs vglkl gSa fd mUgsa dksbZ Hkh ugha pkgrkA fpYykus okys vjc *dkSe* Hkh
ughaA vki bu yksxksa dks ^^vjch nqfu;k ds ;gwnh** dg ldrs gSAa
*blzkbZy ns'k* dh LFkkiuk djus dh eqfge&ftls ;gwnhokn Hkh dgrs gSa & ;wjksi esa mUuhloha lnh ds var esa
mHkjhA mu yksxksa us le> fy;k Fkk fd ;gwnh fojks/k pyrk gh jgsxk&'kk;n vkSj Hkh dM+k gks tk,xkA mUgksua s
Rkkdhn nh fd ;gwfn;ksa dks Hkh ,d dkSeh *gkseySM
a * feyuk t+:jh gS vkSj og dgha vaVkfVZdk ;k ;qxkaMk esa ugha gks
ldrkA mls ogha txg feys& iwjc fn'kk esa ckyw feV~Vh ds <sjksa es]a ftuls muds iqjkus xgjs fj'rs gSa vkSj nq[krh jxsa
gSAa mlh txg ftldk vjcksa us dkQh nsj ckn *fQfyLrhu* ukedj.k fd;k FkkA
bl ckr ij dkQh cgl gks pqdh gS fd ;gwfn;ksa dk fQfyLrhu ds lkFk D;k oLrqr% dksbZ ,sfrgkfld
fj'rk&ukrk gS] ftlds cwrs ij os mls viuk dkSeh LFkku dg lds\a
igyh ckr & ,d varjkZ"Vh; 'kks/kdksa ds lewg us dbZ Mh-,u-,- dk v;;u djds ys[k Nkik Fkk] mlls ;g
fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd ;gwnh vkSj vjc yksxksa dk de ls de ,d rks lk>k *ckinknk* Fkk] ftls bl 'kks/k esa *lk>k
e;iwoZ ewy* dgk FkkA
nwljk & bLykeh fjokt+ Hkh bl ckr ls lger gSA dgrs gSa *bLekbZy ftlus vjch dkSe dh LFkkiuk dh
vkSj *bZ'kkd* ftlus ;gwnh dkSe dh cqfu;kn j[kh] lkSrsys HkkbZ Fks vkSj jlwy *vczkge* ds csVs FksA dgrs
gSa fd jlwy eqgEen] bLekbZy ds oa'kt Fks tcfd *ewlk* vkSj *thll* b'kkd vkbZt+Sd dh vkSykn FksA
lHkh dk vczkge ds lkFk [kwu dk fj'rk FkkA
blls rlYyh u gqbZ gks rks lqfu,] dqjku dh ckr & ^^geus blzkbfy;ksa dks dgk *bl ns'k esa jgks] tc vkf[kjh
oknk iwjk gksxk vkxs pydj lcdks bdV~Bk djsx
a As ** oSls pqudj gokyk nsuk Quote eq>s vPNk ugha yxrk ij
;g u dgrh Hkh rks lgh ugha gksrkA
var esa ge ns[krs gSa *;gwnhokn* dh eqghe dksA ;wjksi ds ;gwnh tc fQyhLrhu igqps rks ik;k fd mUgha ds
et+gc ds dbZ yksx vkt ds osLV cSd
a if'peh rV esa jg jgs FksA vc ogk ;gwnh dSls igqps ;k os ges'kk ls ogha
cus gq, Fks \ vkt osLV cSd
a ij cfLr;ka cuh gSa ogh gekjk /;ku [khaprh gSAa ij ;gha dgha mudk Hkh iSrd
` LFkku
gS] vo';A ;g fpYykuk fd lkjs ;gwfn;ksa us fQfyLrhu ij uktk;t+ dCtk fd;k gS] ljklj mruk gh xyr gksxk
ftruk ;g dguk fd vjcksa dk blzkbZy esa dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA
27
fQj fQfyLrhuh vjc fo'o esa gh dSls *eqgkftj* cudj ckgj Qsd
a s x,\ dqN rks yM+kbZ ds mFky iqFky esa
eqgkftj cus & og yM+kbZ tks vjc ns'kksa us gh 'kq: dh FkhA tc lu~ 1948 esa blzkbZy cu x;k] mlds ,d gh fnu
ckn ikp vjc QkStksa us blzkbZy ij geyk fd;k vkSj vjc eqgkft+jksa dk ekeyk xaHkhj gks x;kA blzkbZyh vf/kdkfj;ksa
us dqN 'kgjksa esa ls vjcksa dks ckgj fudky fn;kA blls tks rdyhQsa iSnk gqb]Z mUgsa blzkbZy vc euk ugha dj
ldrkA dqN 'kgjksa esa vjcksa dks #dus ds fy, dgk x;k vkSj dbZ #d Hkh x, vkSj blzkbZyoklh Hkh cu x,A ij
cgqr ls fQfyLrhuh fudy x,] blh vk'kk esa fd tc blzkbfy;ksa dks leqna j esa <dsy nsx
a s rc okil vk,axAs ;s tks
eqgkftj cus mUgksaus fudy tkus dk vkns'k blzkbfy;ksa ls ugha] cfYd vjcksa ls fy;k FkkA rRdkyhu
lhfj;kbZ ot+hjs&vkyk] iz/kkuea=h [kkfyn vy&vT+e us 1973 esa fy[kk gS] *vjc ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa us fQyhLrhu ds
fuokfl;ksa dks QekZu fn;k Fkk fd os fudy tk,a vkSj vkrad QSykrs gq, ut+nhd ds vjc ns'kksa esa pys tk,a ----A lu~
1948 ls ge ckj&ckj 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh okfilh dh ekax dj jgs gS]a ij ge gh gSa ftUgksua s mUgsa fudy tkus ds fy,
mdlk;k Fkk ---- vkSj muds bl Hkkx tkus ls ;gwfn;ksa dks enn gh feyh] fdlh ifjJe ds fcuk gh mu ds gkykr
csgrj gks x,A
vkSj fQj Hkh ge ;gh dgrs jgrs gSa fd fQfyLrhuh eqgkft+jksa ds elys ds fy, blzkbZy gh ft+Eesnkj gSA
la;Dq r jk"V la?k dk Hkh bl elys dks my>kus esa gkFk gSA muds vuqlkj vkt 34 yk[k fQfyLrhuh eqgkftj
gSAa ij bldh ckjhfd;ksa dks crkrs le; ,d fofp= c;ku nsrs gSAa os blesa flQZ mu lkr yk[k vlyh eqgkft+jksa
dks gh ugha] cfYd muds cPpkas vkSj mudh vkxs dh ih<+h dks Hkh 'kkfey djrs gSAa buesa ls djhc ,d frgkbZ yksx
'kgjh f'kfojksa esa jgrs gS]a tgka muds pkjksa rjQ aph bekjrs]a [kqys [ksr ;k futh fQfyLrhuh caxys gSAa
fdruk nnZHkjk vkSj fdruk fQt+y
w A lu~ 1950 ds vklikl vkf[kj ,sls gh yk[kksa ;gwnh yksxksa dks vjc ns'kksa
ls fudky fn;k x;k FkkA ij os dgha Hkh eqgkft+j dSEiksa esa ugha Hksts x,A buesa ls yxHkx lcdks gh blzkbZy us
vius gh ns'k esa 'kkfey djds viuk gh eku fy;kA blh ds lkFk&lkFk blzkbZy us yxHkx ,d yk[k fQfyLrhfu;ksa
dks Hkh viuh ukxfjdrk nh gS&ifjokjksa dks bdV~Bk djus dh ;kstuk esAa fdUrq ,slk gh vjc ns'kksa us dqN fd;k
gS D;k\ mUgksaus rks viuksa dks /kks[kk gh fn;k gS ;k gkykr vkSj Hkh cnrj cuk, gSaA
lu~ 1991 dh yM+kbZ ds ckn dqoSr us de ls de rhu yk[k fQfyLrhfu;ksa dks vius ns'k ls
fudky fn;k] dkj.k Fkk ln~nke gqluS dk vjkQkr dks lgkjk nsukA vjc ns'kksa dh pqIih ;k funZ;rk ij blh
ekeys esa ,d ys[kd us dgk] ^^ftUgsa fudky fn;k muesa ls cgqr ls ;g Hkh ugha tkurs Fks fd fQyhLrhu D;k gS A
os rks cl dqoSr gh tkurs FksA vusd funks"Z k yksxksa dks fudky nsus ds vfrfjDr vusd dks vdkj.k dSn dj fn;k
x;k A vusd dks pkSjkgksa ij xksyh ekj nh xbZ vkSj vusd dks ;kruk nsdj ekj fn;k x;kA**
vjch eDdkjh&cukoVh ckrphr dh vkSj ,d felkyA la;Dq r jk"V la?k dh ,d 'kk[kk gS tks fQfyLrhuh
eqgkft+jksa dh ns[kHkky djrh gSA dbZ lky rd dqorS us blzkbZy ls de /ku bl laLFkk dks fn;kA tc rd rsy vkSj
/ku ^cguk* 'kq: ugha gq,] lnh vjc us Hkh de gh fn;kA vkt tc muds [ktkus esa iSls dwV&dwV dj Hkjs gSa vkSj
cgqr lh t+ehu Hkh nsus dks gS rc Hkh lnh vjc fdlh fQfyLrhuh dks viuh ukxfjdrk ugha nsrkA gk] os yac&
s yacs
Vh-oh- izkx
s zke pykrs gSa ftuds }kjk vkRe?kkrh nLrksa ds fy, /ku bdV~Bk djrs gS]a rFkk tks ,sls dke esa 'kghn gks
x,] muds ifjokjksa dks eDdk dk gt eqr esa vo'; djokrs gSAa
yscuku] lhfj;k vkSj bjkd tks fQyhLrhu ds pkjksa rjQ gS]a ,sls c;ku nsrs gSa fd vxj fQfyLrhfu;ksa dks
vius ns'kksa esa jgus nsx
a s rks ogk ds f'k;k vkSj lqfUu;ksa esa xM+cM+h gks tk,xhA bjkd esa rks vYila[;d lqUuh
cgqla[;d f'k;kvksa ij jkt dj jgs gSaA vc *ckgjh* yksxksa dks ukxfjd cuk dj D;ksa bl ckr dk inkZQk'k dj
nsAa ln~nke us Hkh vius tkuh nq'eu lfn;ksa dh gh rjg vkRe?kkrh yksxksa ds ifjokjksa dh ns[kHkky dh FkhA
yscuku ds yksx vkSj Hkh ykijokg gSaA muds dkuwu esa fQfyLrhuh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks iwjs le; dke djuk]
tehu tk;nkn [kjhnuk ;k dksbZ is'kk pykuk euk gSA os dsoy NksV&
s eksVs dkeksa ls gh xqt+kjk djrs gSAa cl]
tkWMuZ gh ,d ,slk ns'k gS] ftlus fQfyLrhfu;ksa dks ukxfjdrk nh gSA ij oSls rks lkjs gh tkWMuZ h oa'k ls
fQfyLrhuh gh gSAa
blzkbZyh lkezkT;okfn;ksa dks fQfyLrhuh eqgkftjksa dh leL;k ds fy, ge ftruk pkgs dkslrs jgs gSa ij lp
ckr ;g gS fd ge eqlyekuksa dks vius gh lkezkT;okfn;ksa dks nks"kh Bgjkuk iM+x
s kA 'kk;n vki dgsx
a &
s cjkcjh esa
ugha] ij eSa rks dgrh gw]a mlls Hkh dqN T+;knk gh os nks"kh gSAa vxj ;g ns[ksa fd ;g *e/;iwoZ ukVd* dSls 'kq: gqvk
Fkk rks ;gh ,d lcd gS tks crkrk gS fd eqlyeku gh dSls ,d&nwljs dh gh ihB esa lkyksalky [katj
?kksairs vk, gSaA
vc tks crkus tk jgh gw og iwjh rjg bfrgkl rks ugha gS ij vkt ds kzqohdj.k esa fNih dqN lPpkb;ksa dk
vkdyu gSA
28
ge vius gh lgwfy;r ds fy, lksprs gSa fd chloha lnh dh 'kq:vkr esa *;gwnhoknh* /ke/kekrs gq, vk, vkSj
mUgksua s fQfyLrhfu;ksa dks lsuk ds cy ij fudky ckgj fd;kA gk] tSls eSua s dgk Fkk] dbZ vjcksa dks /kDdk [kkuk
iM+k] ij mUgsa fudyus ds fy, vkns'k dsoy ;gwfn;ksa us ugha fn,A ml oDr bl izn's k ij rqdhZ eqfLye & vkWVkseu
& lkezkT; dk vf/kdkj FkkA vius gh vjc fdlkuksa ds fgrksa ds f[kykQ vius vksVksefu;ksa us gh vius eu ls
fdlh ncko ds fcuk cgqr lh t+ehusa 'kq#vkr esa vkus okys ;gwnhokfn;ksa dks csp nhaA th gk] eqlyekuksa us gh ;g
fd;k vkSj tkucw>dj fd;kA lu~ 1911 esa Ms<+ lkS e'kgwj vjcksa us rqdhZ laln~ dks i= fy[kdj ;s lkSns jksdus dh
vihy dhA fdUrq ml ij dksbZ /;ku ugha fn;k x;kA
igys egk;q) esa vjcksa us fczVus dks vksVkseu ds f[kykQ bl 'krZ ij enn dh fd ckn esa iwjk fQyhLrhu
vjcksa ds gkFkksa esa gksxkA bls dqN nLrkostksa esa ,d *djkj* ekuk x;k FkkA blds ckotwn 1917 esa fczVus vius dfFkr
okns ls eqdj x;kA mlus tkfgj fd;k fd fQyhLrhu dk *dqN* fgLlk ;gwfn;ksa dks fn;k tk,xk] ftu ij ;wjksi esa
ml oDr dbZ t+ksjnkj geys gks jgs FksA vc rks og *nksgjk ok;nk* gks x;kA bl ckr ij eqlyekuksa us mUgsa nxkckt+
dgk gSA
,d ckj fQj ;g dguk iM+x
s k fd geus lu~ 1915 dh viuh gh xyfr;ksa dh deh iwjh ugha dhA ml o"kZ
vkWVkseu eqlyekuksa ds tqYeksa dh gn gks xbZA mUgksaus vkesZfu;k ds bZlkb;ksa dks ns'k fudkyk] Hkq[kejh vkSj
dRy dj ds nl yk[k bZlkb;ksa dks [kRe dj fn;kA eSua s ,slk rks dHkh ugha lquk fd mu bZlkb;ksa us rqdhZ ds
eqlyekuksa ls dqN eqvkot+k ekxk gksA gesa bl ckr ij dqN xqLlk t+:j vkuk pkfg,A vc vkesZfu;kbZ rks dsoy
bruk gh pkgrs gSa fd rqdhZ vQlksl tkfgj djsA 'kk;n ge eqlyeku blh ckr esa Qls gSa fd gekjs lkFk tks
/kks[kk gqvk gS mlh dks idM+dj jks jgs gSAa nwljksa dks geus tks /kks[kk fn;k mldh D;k ijokg djuh gSA dsoy
eqlyeku gh ugha gS ftUgsa if'peh ns'kksa ls ikcUnh lguh iM+h gSA ;gwfn;ksa us Hkh /kks[ks dk lkeuk fd;k gSA lu~
1921 esa tks t+ehusa ;gwnh ôru* ds fy, uketn dh xbZ Fkha] muesa ls djhc 80 izfr'kr dkV dj mlls
tksMZu ns'k cu x;kA nks gh lky ckn ;gwfn;ksa dks nh tkus okyh t+ehu esa ls vkSj dkVdj lhfj;k dks
ns nh xbZA ij ml le; ;k vkt ;gwfn;ksa ds lkFk tks /kks[kk/kM+h ;k ok;nkf[kykQh gqb]Z mlls eqfLye jguqekvksa
usrkvksa dks dksbZ Q+dZ ugha iM+kA
D;k vki *gt&vehu&vy&gqlsuh* dk uke tkurs gSa \ tkuuk pkfg,A og lu~ 1921 esa ;#'kye ds
*eqrh* cus vkSj 1922 esa *vOoy eqfLye dkSfUly* ds iz/kku cusA mUgsa rks lgh rjhds ls dkSfUly esa pquk Hkh ugha
x;k Fkk] ysfdu mlds ckn iangz o"kZ rd dksbZ pquko ugha djk;k x;kA mudk ,d gh ,tsM
a k Fkk] fQyhLrhu ls
;gwfn;ksa dks fudkyukA ysfdu blh ds lkFk ,d ds ckn ,d dbZ vjcksa dks dRy djkus esa Hkh mUgsa dksbZ ihM+k ugha
gqbAZ tks muds f[kykQ gks tk, og vYykg ds gh f[kykQ gS] os ,slk le>rs FksA tSl&
s tSls ukft+;ksa ds tqY+ e c<+rs
x, oSls gh ;wjksi ls ;gwfn;ksa dk ckgj tkuk c<+ x;kA blh ds lkFk gt vehu ds vR;kpkj c<+rs x,A fczfV'k
ljdkj ds *ihy dfe'ku* us lu~ 1937 esa fQyhLrhu esa ;gwfn;ksa dh ijs'kkfu;ksa ij dgk Fkk] *vxj fdlh vjc ds
ckjs esa yxrk gS fd og *dkSeh izkx
s zke* ls iwjh rjg tqM+k gqvk ugha gS] rks mldks feyus ds gsrq cand
w /kkjh Vksyh vk
tkrh gSA dbZ vjcksa us ljdkj fczfV'k ls cpko dh ekax dh gSA** vxj ge vjcksa ds van:uh vkrad ds fy,
;gwfn;ksa dks nks"k nsx
a s rks og ,d >wB gh gksxkA
vxys o"kZ tks dqN gqvk] mldk vktdy rks dksbZ mYys[k gh ugha gksrkA lu~ 1939 esa e/;iwoZ esa ckjckj gks
jgh xM+cfM+;ksa ls ijs'kku gksdj vkSj fgVyj dk iwjk eqdkcyk djus dh [kkfrj] fczVus us fQfyLrhfu;ksa ds lkeus
,d Bksl izLrko j[kkA blds eqnn~ s Fks & vjc vkSj ;gwnh nl o"kksZa esa ,d gh ns'k cu dj fQfyLrhfu;ksa ds uhps
mls pyk,a A bl nkSjku ;gwfn;ksa ds ogk vkus vkSj t+ehu [kjhnus ij dkQh ikcUnh gksxhA Lok/khu gksus ij
fQfyLrhuh viuh uhfr cukdj clus gsrq vkus okyksa ij dkcw j[k ldsx
a As vc fdlh Hkh ukirkSy ij eqfLye 'kklu
gh dk;e gksuk FkkA ij vjcksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa us dgk] ;g i;kZIr ugha gSA ;#'kye ds eqrh ls izHkkfor gksdj
ftlls fczVus ckr ugha djrk Fkk vjcksa dks blls vk/ks le; esa gh vkt+knh pkfg, Fkh] ugha rks yanu tk, HkkM+ esAa
ysfdu HkkM+ esa rks x, vke yksxA eqrh ds gt&vehu&vy&gqlus h vknfe;ksa us fczVus dk izLrko Bqdjkrs
le; fQyhLrhu ds fdlh fdlku ;k O;kikfj;ksa ls dksbZ lykg e'kfojk ugha fd;kA yxrk gS turk us Hkh bu cM+s
yksxksa ds ,tsM
a ksa ds f[kykQ nks gkFk djus dh BkuhA ,d lekpkj ds vuqlkj yksxksa dks bu vjc fonzkfs g;kasa ls dksbZ
ljksdkj u Fkk tks ;gwfn;ksa dk vkuk jksduk vkSj fQyhLrhu ds fy, vjc ljdkj pkgrs FksA xkao okys rks dsoy
pkgrs gSa fd mUgsa viuh [ksrh ckM+h djus ns]a 'kkfn;ka gksrh jgsa vkSj fdlh rjg bl dqle; esa vius [kkunku dh
ns[kHkky djus nsAa
vius gh eqf[k;ksa ls lRrk ls oafpr jgus ds ckn turk vc vius lkekU; thou ls Hkh oafpr gks jgh FkhA
vkB o"kZ iwoZ fQyhLrhuh dekaMksa lSfudksa us ;#'kye ds eqrh ds f[kykQ ,d iksLVj Nkik vkSj gsjkQsjh ds vkjksi
yxk,] *dgka gSa og vdwr /kujkf'k tks fons'kksa ls feyh gS \ D;k ^gt&vehu vygqlus h* ,d Hkh efLtn] enjlk ;k
29
vLirky fn[kk ldrs gS]a tks mUgksua s bl nkSjku cuok;k gS \ D;k dgha Hkh dksbZ Hkh ;rhe&[kkuk] ljk;] ;k ikuh
dk gkSt cuk;k x;k gS] ftlls xjhc vkneh ikuh ih ldsa \**
vc ukft+;ksa ds le; esa D;k gqvk bldks Hkh lkQ dj nsAa
D;k eqlyekuksa dk ;gwfn;ksa ds dRysvke gksyksdkWLV esa gkFk Fkk \
;gk gt&vehu lkgc us fczVsu ij ncko Mkyk fd ukSdk,a Hkj&Hkj dj tks ;gwnh fQyhLrhu vk
jgs Fks] mUgsa okil dj nsaA dbZ rks e/; leqnz esa Mwc x,A dbZ xSl pSEcjksa esa ekj fn, x, ;k tyk
fn, x,A eqrh lkgc us vukFk cPpksa dks Hkh ugha c['kk vkSj mUgsa jksd fn;kA mUgsa ;g Hkh vglkl Fkk fd dsoy
vkus okys yksxksa dks jksd dj ckn esa *vjc fQyhLrhu* ugha cuus okyk FkkA blfy, vko';d Fkk fd muds fglkc
ls tks thrus okys yksx Fks] os eqrh dks igpkus] mudk ;dhu djsa vkSj muds dke dk lEeku djsAa mUgksua s eqrh
us QSlyk fd;k fd ;g yM+kbZ rks fgVyj gh thrsxk blfy, [kkl mUgsa feyus Hkh x,A muds Hkwjs cky vkSj uhyh
vk[ks ns[kdj 'kk;n fgVyj dks Hkh yxk fd **'kk;n gt vehu Hkh vlyh jkseu cqfu;knh dkSe ds gh gksx
a As ** fQj
D;k Fkk] og fgVyj ds [kkl esgeku cu dj cfyZu es jgs vkSj ogk ds bLykeh dsUnzh; laLFkku dh Hkh lu~ 1942 esa
LFkkiuk dhA mUgksua s dbZ pDdj ckYdu ns'kksa esa Hkh yxk, tgk ;s teZu xqV dh lsukvksa ds fy, eqfLye toku
pkgrs FksA dqN ckYdu eqlyekuksa us u dsoy mUgsa eqrh dks Bqdjk fn;k] cfYd dbZ ;gwfn;ksa dks iukg Hkh nhA
vc ;g dgus ls igys fd *dRysvke rks bZlkbZ ;wjksi esa gqvk Fkk*] gesa fQj ls xkSj djrs gq, 'kh'ks esa ns[kuk
gksxkA dbZ eqlyekuksa us vius Hkfo"; dks fgVyj ds lkFk tksM+ fn;k FkkA lu~ 1943 esa gt&vehu us cksfLu;kbZ
lsuk ds bekeksa ds lEeq[k Hkk"k.k fn;k ftlesa mUgksua s dgk fd ^^bLyke vkSj ukt+h fopkjksa esa cgqr esy gS vkSj og
lekt dh O;oLFkk] [kkunku dk xBu] dM+h esgur vkSj ,d ges'kk pyus okyh yM+kbZ Hkh lkFk&lkFk djsx
a ]s
fo'ks"kr;k vejhdh] vaxt
zs + vkSj ;gwfn;ksa ds f[kykQA cfyZu ls gh vius ,d jsfM;ks ij fn, x, Hkk"k.k esa gt&vehu
us dgk] tgk Hkh feys]a ;gwfn;ksa dks ekj nksA blhls vYykg] bfrgkl vkSj et+gc dh lsok gksxh] blh ls rqEgkjh
bTt+r Hkh cjdjkj jgsxh] vYykg rqEgkjs lkFk gSA** bl Hkk"k.k dk dkQh izHkko jgk] ,slk dqN i=ksa ls irk pyrk
gSA pkgs eqrh bl tq, esa gkj x, ij og *eqtf+ je&,&tax* ;q) vijk/kh cuus ls cp x,A mUgsa dSn rks fd;k
x;k] ij og Hkkxdj felz igqp x,A u, cus *vjc yhx* dh vksj ls mudk cM+k lRdkj gqvkA
,d vkSj bathfu;j *vy&gqlsuh* Hkh blh nkSjku usrkfxjh lh[k jgs FksA oSls og gt&vehu dh gh
fcjknjh ds Fks] ckn esa mudk uke *vjkQkr* gks x;kA ;s rjhds mUgksua s dgk ls lh[ks gksx
a ]s ;g rks lkQ tkfgj
gS ftlds rgr ;gwfn;ksa ls 'kkafr okrkZ u djuk] vius gh yksxksa dks vkrafdr djuk vkSj muds mUufr ds fy, feys
/ku dk viO;; Qt+y
w [kpZ djuk 'kkfey gSA
,d vkSj elyk gS ftldh vksj /;ku nsuk vko';d gSA varr% blzkbZy dsSls cu x;k vkSj fQyhLrhu D;ksa
curs&curs gh ej x;kA lu~ 1947 esa la;Dq r jk"V la?k us izLrko cuk;k fd fQyhLrhu dk foHkktu djds 45
izfr'kr fgLls esa vjcksa dk ns'k] 55 izfr'kr esa ;gwfn;ksa dk ns'k vkSj ;#'kye ij nksuksa dk vf/kdkj jgs] ftl ij
varjkZ"Vh; fuxjkuh jgsA vc ge eqlyeku rks blh ckr ij fdpfdp djrs jgs fd ;gwfn;ksa dks T+;knk {ks= fey
tkrk ij ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd izLrkfor ;gwnh ns'k esa usxos dk ohjku {ks= 'kkfey Fkk vkSj 'ks"k Hkh catj t+ehu gh
Fkh vkSj tks vjc ns'k cuk;k tkrk mlesa cgqr cM+h la[;k vjcksa dh gh gksrh tcfd ;gwnh ns'k esa vk/ks ls FkksMs+ gh
T+;knk ;gwnh gksrAs tks Hkh gks ;gwfn;ksa us rks ;g izLrko Lohdkj fd;k vkSj mlds 6 eghuksa ds ckn viuh Lok/khurk
dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ij vjcksa us ,slk ugha fd;kA mUgksua s blzkbZy ds f[kykQ tax NsM+ nh vkSj mlesa vkSj Hkh t+ehu [kks
nhA
:l us igys rks blzkbZy dh enn dh ij vpkud iyV dj mUgksua s 1948 ds ckn vjcksa dks gfFk;kj fn,A
felz ds kku teky vCnqy uklj vc :fl;ksa ds [kkl nLr cu x,A ysfdu dsoy vesfjdk ds f[kykQ gksuk
gh dkQh ugha FkkA uklj us vius ns'k dh iwjh mUufr lektokn dks gfFk;kj cukdj djuh pkghA ij mlls dsoy
lcdk fo'okl [kRe gks x;k vkSj lu~ 1967 dh tax esa felz vkSj muds vjc lkfFk;ksa dks blzkbZy us djkjh gkj ns
nhA ;#'kye gkFk ls x;k] fQyhLrhu liuk gh jg x;k vkSj :lh lektokn Hkh gVus yxkA
vc dqN lgkjk Fkk rks og Fkk] lnh vjc ds isVks MkWylZ rsy ls izkIr vesfjdh eqnzk dkA 1970 ds e/; esa
vjkQkr us uohu ?kks"k.kk djds *'kghnks*a dh lsuk cukuh pkghA bl ckj mlus dqjku dk lgkjk ugha fy;k FkkA
25&30 o"kksZa ds ckn vc Hkh toku fQyhLrhuh ^^ftUnk ce** cu dj vkRe?kkr rks djrs jgrs gSa ij 'kghnksa dks
tUur esa feyus okyh gwjksa vkSj 'kjkc ds ckjs esa vc et+kd Hkh gksrk jgrk gSA tks yksx et+gc dks ,d ryokj dh
rjg pyk jgs gSa muds fy, bLYkke ls dksbZ urhtk ut+j ugha vkrkA
vjkQkr ds dchys ds ,d ea=h us mudh l[r vkykspuk dhA dgk] **yxrk gS ge flQZ cgkus <w<rs gSAa
nqfu;kHkj ls feyk /ku vkSj ln~Hkkouk geus Qwd
a nh gSA blzkbZy ds lkFk jgrs gq, ge vkxs ugha c<+uk pkgrsA ,d
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dckbyh vankt+ esa cgrs gq, geus vius yksx] ljdkj vkSj dkSe cuus ds lius] lcdks /kks[kk fn;k gSA ;g dcwy
djrs gq, gesa rqjar dkjZokbZ djuh pkfg,A gekjh bruh cM+h turk ds fy, lkspuk pkfg,**A mUgsa xksyh ekjus dh rks
dksf'k'k dh xbZ ij vc vkSj dbZ yksx Hkh ;gh cksyus yxs gSAa lc ;gh eku jgs gSa fd blzkbZy muds rdyhQksa ds
fy, ft+Eesnkj ugha gSA cl vc ge gh gSa if'pe ds yksx] tks blzkbZy dks ,d Hk;adj lki le>rs gSAa
blzkbZy dks *jaxHksn* okyk ns'k dgdj cnuke djuk Hkh ,d fjokt+ cu x;k gSA ;fn ,slk gksrk] rks D;k ogk
20 izfr'kr eqlyekuksa dks pquko esa fgLlk ysus dk vf/kdkj gksrk \ D;k mlesa vkSjrksa vkSj xjhcksa dks Hkh oksV Mkyus
dk vf/kdkj feyrk \ D;k ,slk gksrk rks gt+kjksa vjc blzkbZyh oksV nsus vkrs \ D;k ogk lcls cf<+;k fdrkc
fy[kus dk buke ,d vjc dks feyrk \ D;k og vius Ldwyksa esa fgczw cksyus okys cPpksa dks vjch i<+us
ds fy, Hkh dgrs \ D;k ogk ekuo vf/kdkj okyh laLFkk,a fcuk jksd&Vksd ds dke dj ldrha \
loky ij loky ijUrq dksbZ tokc ughaA vkf[kj esa ge blh ckr ij vkrs gSa fd ;gwnhokn D;k gS \ ;gwfn;ksa
ds fy, rks ;g ,d lfn;ksa ls lrk, gq, vkSj de la[;k okys yksxksa dh ?kj okilh gh gSA mlds f[kykQ
lksp okys yksxksa ds fy, ;g dsoy *uLyokn* (Racism) gh gSA ;gwnh ns'k ftldk ckj&ckj ok;nk fd;k x;k
Fkk] cgqr isphnk elyk gSA blzkbfy;ksa dks vius van:uh >xM+kas ds vykok jkst+ vjcksa ls Hkh >xM+uk iM+rk gSA dkSu
vPNk dkSu cqjk] blesa dqN ugha j[kk gSA csgrj gksxk fd vxj ge ;g iwNsa ^^dkSu gS tks ,slh ckr lquus dks Hkh
rS;kj gS ftls og lquuk ugha pkgsaxs \**
;g ;gwnh ns'k lkjs rukoksa dks [kqys fny ls fucVuk pkgrk gSA viuh cfLr;ka cukus esa Hkh mUgksaus ftruh
n;kyqrk ls dke fy;k gS] mruk 'kk;n og Hkh ugha fn[kk ik,axs tks t+qYe ls vkt+kn djus dk ok;nk
djrs gSaA
vejhdh dqN Hkh djs]a muds ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh gksrh gh jgsxhA tc bjkd ij geyk dj fn;k x;k rks
cxnkn esa cgqrksa us t'u euk,A ,d ,sls gh t'u esa eq>s dbZ toku lsD;qyj eqlyeku feys tks iwNus yxs] ;g
D;k ckr gS fd ln~nke ds f[kykQ [krjs ds igys gh geyk djus ij dksbZ cq'k ;k vejhdk dh rkjhQ ugha dj jgk
gS \ vc ,slh gh j.kuhfr jlwy eqgEen lkgc us Hkh viukbZ Fkh tc dqN yksx bLyke ds f[kykQ geyk djus dk
eulwck cuk jgs FksA vxj ml oDr ,slh dkjZokbZ eqlyekuksa ds fy, Bhd Fkh rks vkt vejhfd;ksa ds fy, D;ksa ugha
\**
vc u rks ge eqlyeku jlwy lkgc dh j.kuhfr dks xyr dg ldrs gS]a u gh gesa cq'k dh oSlh gh dkjZokbZ
ij fuank djuh pkfg,A vxj jlwy lkgc dks bZ'oj dh lgk;rk Fkh vkSj og geyk t+:jh Hkh Fkk rks cq'k Hkh ,d
dV~Vj bZlkbZ gS] og Hkh ;gh nkok djsx
a s A vc nksuksa rjQ rks ugha >qd ldrs ,sls ekeykas esa \
vc dbZ ,sls Hkh elys gSa ftudks ysdj vejhdh ljdkj vkSj ekuokfkdkj okys xqV Hkh cnyko dh ekax djrs
gq, dkjZokbZ djus ds fy, t+ksj ls dg ldrs gS]a V~;qfuf'k;k ,oa vYthfj;k esa eqfLye vkSjrsa xSj eqfLye ls
'kknh ugha dj ldrha] ij vkneh dj ldrs gSaA
lnh vjc esa ,d 94 lky ds vkneh dks blfy, tsy Hkstk x;k fd mlds ;gka cgqr ls f'k;k
eqlyeku uekt+ i<+us vk, Fks ! ogka f'k;kvksa dks dkuwuu nck;k tkrk gSA nqfu;k esa T+;knkrj eqgkftj
bLykeh ns'kksa ls gh fudyrs gSAa ;g vTkhc ckr ugha] D;ksfa d nqfu;k Hkj esa T+;knkrj van:uh tax eqlyekuh ns'kksa esa
gh gks jgh gSAa bZjku ds i=dkj vehj rkgsjh dgrs gSa] *vjc ns'kksa us 1930 ls de ls de iUnzg [kqyh ;k
fNih tax dh gSa] og Hkh ,d nwljs ds gh f[kykQA fiNys nl o"kksZa esa bLykeh vkSj muds nq'euksa us ,d
yk[k vYthfj;kokfl;ksa dh gR;k dj nh gSA Qjojh 1982 esa lhfj;k ds gkfQt vln us fNis gq,
eqfLye vkradokfn;kasa ij ceckjh djds 2500 dks [kRe fd;kA yscuku dh van:uh tax esa de ls de
1]50]000 yksx ej x, gS]a ftuesa T+;knkrj fQfyLrhuh FksA bu lcdk fglkc yxk,a rks fiNys 50 lky esa blzkbZy
ds lkFk gqbZ yM+kb;ksa esa ejs yksxksa ls ;g nl xquk T+;knk gSA viuksa us gh viuks dks ekjk gS
;g lc dcwy djus esa f>>d gks jgh gks rks esjs lkFkh eqlyekuks&
a mlls fudyks D;ksfa d ge lc tkurs gSa fd
gekjs lkjs nq[kM+s ge vejhdk ds flj ugha e<+ ldrsA ;g dSUlj rks gels gh 'kq: gqvk gSA 11 flrEcj ds
gknls ds ckn ikfdLrku ls fudyus okys *n us'ku* v[kckj esa Nis ys[k esa ogk ds O;kikjh *bTt+r et+hn* us
eqlyekuksa esa *c<+rs gq, vglkl* dh ckr dh gSA dgrs gS]a ^^,d flfoy lkslk;Vh cukus esa ge ukdke gq, gS]a
D;ksfa d geus vius gh vanj okyh ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd ;k jktuhfrd Hkwyksa dk dksbZ lkeuk ugha fd;kA bldk ,d
izek.k gS bl ns'k ds 14 djksM+ yksxksa esa ls dsoy 10 yk[k gh vk;dj nsrs gSAa bl VkyeVksy ls gh ikfdLrku
fnokfy;k gks jgk gS] f'k{kk ds dk;Ze can gks jgs gSa vkSj vius enjlkas ls ge vkradoknh cukus esa
enn dj jgs gSaA
31
;g ikfdLrku D;k cuuk Fkk ekywe gS \ eSa crkrh gwA lu~ 1947 esa vktkn gq, ikfdLrku ds u,&u, xouZj
tujy eqgEen vyh ftUuk us vius gh ns'kokfl;ksa dks mEehn fn[kkbZ Fkh rqe vkt+kn gks] vius eafnjksa esa vkus ds
fy,] viuh efLtnksa esa tkus ds fy, ;k fdlh Hkh bcknrxkg esa tkus ds fy,A pkgs fdlh Hkh et+gc ds gks]a fdlh
Hkh tkfr ds gks] ge blh cqfu;knh mlwy dks ysdj pysx
a s fd ge lc bl ns'k ds ckf'kUns gSAa vki ik,axs fd dqN
gh fnuksa esa fgUnw&fgUnw ugha jgsxk] eqlyeku&eqlyeku ugha jgsxk&et+gc ds fglkc ls ugha] ij fl;klh eryc
jktuhfrd n`f"V ls D;ksfa d lkjs bl ns'k ds ukxfjd gksx
a As
ftUuk dh cgu Qkfrek dbZ ckj muds lkFk ikfdLrku cukus dh eqfge esa 'kkfey gqbZ FkhA mudks ns[kdj
eqfLye fnekxksa esa ;g fQj ls Li"V gks x;k Fkk fd vkSjrsa dsoy nklh ugha cfYd ,d cjkcj dh lkFkh gSAa eq>s
bl ckr dh [kkl [kq'kh ugha fd eqlyekuksa us viuk vyx ns'k Hkkjr ls rksM+dj ekaxkA ij tc og
feyk Fkk rks mlesa cgqr lh 'krsZa Hkh Fkha vkSj cgqr ls ok;ns Hkh & gj ,d dh vkt+knh ds ok;nsA
fdruh yTtk dh ckr gS fd bLykeh et+gc dh mBrh ck<+ esa ikfdLrku dh ekSr gks xbZA
vkidks ,slk ugha yxrk \ lu~ 1977 esa ,d QkSth lkft'k ds }kjk ftlesa la;Dq r jkT; vesfjdk Hkh enn dj
jgk Fkk] tujy ft;k&my&gd dks 'kkld cuk;k x;kA viuh dPph idM+ dks iwjh rjg tekus ds fy, mUgksua s
pkjksa rjQ pkVqdkj *eqlkgc eqYyk* tqVk fy,A os I;kj ls ft+;k dks *bZekuokyksa ds dekaMj* dgdj iqdkjrs
Fks tks jlwy lkgc ds mkjkf/kdkfj;ksa okfjlksa dks dgk tkrk FkkA xkao okys usrkvksa dks [kq'k djus ds fy,
ft+;k us bLykeh dkuwu ds lt+k okys fgLlksa esa dqN dckbyh fjokt+ Hkh tksM+ fn,A blh ds rgr
gjkedkjh (adultery) dh lt+k iRFkj ekj dj tku ysuk&;g dkuwu gks x;kA vkSj fdlh Hkh cykRdkj ds pkj
vkneh xokg gksuk Hkh t:jh Fkk rkfd eqyft+e ij eqdnek pyk;k tk, vkSj vxj brus vkneh xokg u gksa rks \
rc rks og gjkedkjh (adultery) gh gksxh ftlds fy, vkSjr gh ftEesnkj gksxh vkSj ml ij iRFkj
cjlk, tk,aA
lu~ 1979 esa tc ;s dkuwu tksj idM+ jgs Fks rHkh ikfdLrku ds *vCnql lyke* dks ml o"kZ dk ukscsy
iqjLdkj nks vesfjfd;ksa ds lkFk fn;k x;kA vki lksprs gksaxs fd muds ns'k us mUgsa 'kkunkj bTt+r nh
gksxh] ij ,slk ugha gqvkA ikfdLrkuh ikfyZ;kesVa ds ,d dkuwu us mudh ukxfjdrk Nhu yhA mudk xqukg D;k
Fkk \ og ,d vgenh gSa tks fd bLyke esa gh ,d NksVh tekr gSA mlh otg ls nqfu;kHkj esa uke
dekus okyk eqlyeku oSKkfud vius gh ns'k esa ijk;k gks x;kA
eSua s ckn esa lquk fd vCnqy lyke us vius ukscy
s iqjLdkj dh /kujkf'k dks ikfdLrku dks nsuk pkgk Fkk]
ftlls toku yksx ikfdLrkuh iz;ksx'kkyk cuokdj vkxs lh[krsA ij ft+;k us bls Bqdjk fn;kA ;g Hkh lquk fd
,d fdlku ds csVs lyke us dbZ eqf'dyksa ds ckotwn i<+kbZ dh FkhA jkLrs ds [kacs dh jks'kuh ds uhps Hkh i<+As ;g
lgh gks ;k u gks] ij ,slh ckrksa ls gh lcdk mRlkg c<+rk gS tks vkxss ys tkrk gSA lyke dks *dpjk* cukdj
mls gh ugha vkSj Hkh tokuksa dks [kRe dj fn;k x;k] vkSj ;g lc flQZ rax bLykeh nk;js ds tuwu esaA
ft+;k ds cuk, iwokZxgz vHkh Hkh ftUnk gSa tcfd og lu~ 1988 esa ej x,A bLyke et+gc us vkSj Hkh tksj
idM+k gS] xanh Hkw&jktuhfr ds dkj.k tc 1989 esa gt+kjksa eqtkfgnhuksa us vQxkfuLrku esa :fl;ksa dks ekr nhA ;gh
tc Qkjl dh [kkM+h esa okil vk, rHkh lknh vjc dks bjkd ls cpkus ds fy, vejhdh QkStsa ogk igp
q hA ;kn
gksxk fd 1990 esa gh ln~nke gqluS us dqorS ij geyk djds ogk Msjk tek;k FkkA lnh vjcksa dks ;gh Mj Fkk fd
,slk gh muds lkFk Hkh gksxkA viuh j{kk ds fy, mUgksua s vesfjdk dks cqykok fn;k fd vkvks vkSj gekjh tehu vkSj
rsy dh j{kk djksA
vesfjdk ds ogk vkus ls bu csdkj eqtkfgnhuksa dks t:j ,d cgkuk fey tkrk vkSj os lnh vjc esa gh
viuk *ft+gkn* 'kq: dj nsrAs ij blh dks Vkyus ds fy, cgqr cM+h dher pqdkbZ xbZA bLykeh vateq uksa ds }kjk
*isVkM
s kWylZ* dk cgko 'kq: gks x;k vkSj mldk bLrseky gqvk enjls cukus esa & dbZ xquk c<+ksrjh gks xbZA bldk
cgqr cM+k fgLlk ikfdLrku dks Hkh feyk vkSj mlds enjlksa esa ls eats gq, rkfycku fudyus yxsA ijUrq ikfdLrku
ds chp ds rcds ds eqlyekuksa us D;k fd;k \ os Hkh T+;knkrj blh og'kh cqfu;knh [;kyksa esa cgrs pys x,A
ikfdLrkuh jktuf;d vdcj vgen tks i<+&
s fy[ks bUlku Fks] mUgksua s viuh vkokt+ blds f[kykQ mBkbZA
lu~ 1997 esa mUgksua s ftUuk ds thou ij ,d pfj=&fQYe cukuk 'kq: fd;kA vgen ds dgus ds eqrkfcd dbZ cM+s
vQlj vkSj fQdjean yksxksa us mUgsa lykg nh fd og ftUuk ds ^^cjnkLrh (Tolerant) bLYkke** ds ckjs esa dqN
u fn[kk,aA dbZ if=dkvksa ;k ikfVZ;ksa us ;g Hkh vQokg QSyk nh fd bl fQYe dk vkys[k fLIV
lyeku #'knh us fy[kk gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd ;g izkstsDV dsoy fgUnw ;k ;gwnh lkft'k dk
fgLlk gSA vgen us ;g fQYe cukbZ vkSj nqfu;kHkj ls dbZ iqjLdkj Hkh gkfly fd,A ij vius gh ns'k esa vCnql
lyke] dh rjg gh mUgsa Hkh cgqr de ljkguk feyhA
32
11 flrEcj dh ?kVuk ds ckn ikfdLrku ds usrk ijost+ eq'kjZQ us et+cwrh ds lkFk dgk Fkk & tks oSls rks
lcdks ekywe gS & **vkt eqlyeku bUlkfu;r ds lcls xjhc] lcls vui<+] lcls chekj] lcls tkfgy]
lcls fiNM+s] lcls eg:e vkSj lcls det+ksj yksx gSaA**
cgqr vPNs 'kCn gS]a fo'ks"kr% ml O;fDr ds tks vius ok;nksas ls eqdj x;kA tSls& *dq* ds dkuwu dks de
l[r djus ds ckjs dgk Fkk] oSls gh enjlksa dks yxke nsus dh Hkh ckr djrk FkkA oSls gh eq'kjZQ esa
;g dgus dh fgEer gh ugha gS fd muds ns'k ds eqYykvksa ls ihfM+r Ldwy ls dsoy *csodwQ* gh iSnk
gks jgs gSaA vdcj vgen dk vuqHko Fkk & *tc eSua s enjlksa ds mLrknksa dks lq>k;k fd e'kgwj flxeaM kW;M vkSj
eSDl oscj dks Hkh i<+k tk, rks eq>s dsoy ,d ukle> rh[kh ut+j ls ns[kk x;kA eSua s ;g Hkh dgk fd gekjs gh
fo}ku~ tSls bfrgkl ys[kd bCu [kynwe ;k lwQh dfo ekSykuk :neh dks Hkh i<+k tk, rks mls Hkh
udkjk x;kA** vc ;g le> yhft, fd eqlyekuksa dks vius gh t+gu dks csgrj cukus ls if'pe okys rks ugha
jksd jgs gSa \ gekjs gh eqlyeku blds fy, dlwjokj gSaA
vc ukle>h ds fy, vesfjdk Hkh ftEesnkj gSA lu~ 1950 ds var esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vifr us dgk Fkk **gekjs
f[kykQ ?k`.kk dk vfHk;ku pyk;k tk jgk gS ftlesa ogk dh ljdkj ugha] ij vjch tu lk/kkj.k 'kkfey gSAa ** vke
vjc lksprs Fks fd dsoy *rsy cgrk jgs* blh eryc ls vejhdk vjch vR;kpkjh ljdkjksa dks lgkjk ns jgk gS vkSj
yksdra= dks ihNs /kdsy jgk gSA vc 50 o"kksZa ls Hkh T+;knk chr x, gSa ij ogh bjkns] ogh rjhdk py jgk gSA
rkfycku us vQxkfuLrku ij dkfct+ gksdj vy&dk;nk dks c<+k;kA fQj Hkh ge yksx dqN ugha lh[k jgs gSAa
esjs eqlyeku Hkkb;ks!a eSa rqEgkjh ukjkt+xh le> ldrh gwA tc mnkjeuk eqlyeku Hkh xqjkZrs gSa *gesa rqels
uQjr gS*] rc vejhfd;ksa dks le>uk pkfg, fd os tc tqYe djus okyksa ds f[kykQ l[r dkjZokbZ ugha djrs gSa
rc mUgha ds fgrksa dh gkfu gksrh gSA ge lc fpYykuk pkgrs gS]a **vejhdk tkxks**A ij blh ds -lkFk&lkFk eSa vki
yksxksa ds fy, ;g Hkh fpYykuk pkgrh gwa **cpiuk NksM+k&
s cM+s gks tkvks**& ueZfny eqlyekuksa dks ;gh ckr le>uh
vkSj djuh pkfg, fd vesfjdk vkt cl ,d vk'kk gS tks iwjh ugha gqb]Z ij og eqtfje ughaA eSa le>rh gwa fd gesa
vesfjdk ds izfr fo'okl j[kuk pkfg,A tSls lkn bczkfge us dgk Fkk] **viuk :[kkiu] langs djus dk LoHkko ,d
rjQ j[k nks vkSj dqN *djus okys* cuksA 'kk;n vejhdk dks gekjh enn dh vko';drk gks rkfd og ekuork dks
csgrj cukus dk viuk lqgkouk liuk iwjk dj ldsAa
vc ogk igqpus ds fy, eqlyekuksa dks ,d egoiw.kZ iz'u lqy>kuk iM+x
s kA gesa csgrj cuus ds fy, fdl
rjg dh enn pkfg, \ ;g D;k futh elyk gS tks c<+ dj *lcdk elyk* cu x;k gS \ tc ge ;g le>
ysrs gSa fd u blzkbZy vkSj u gh vesfjdk gekjh cjcknh ds ihNs gSa] rc D;k bLyke gh gS bl cngkyh
ds ihNs \ bLyke us rks iwjs mkjh vhdk ls ysdj nf{k.kh ,f'k;k rd lkjh gh lH;rkvksa dks vius f'kdats esa cka/k
fn;k gS vkSj bu lHkh lH;rkvksa esa thou dk Lrj vkSj ekuo vf/kdkj ,dne fiNM+s gq, gS&
a lkjh nqfu;k ls ihNsA
rc D;k bLyke gh og cM+h 'kfDr gS tks lcdks leku le>us dh f'k{kk] efLr"d ds [kqysiu vkSj
yksdra= dks nckrh gS \ bl loky ij u dguk vklku gSA ij ,slk lksfp, & ikfdLrku] tks fd ,d
eqfLye cgql[a ;k okyk ns'k gS & 1947 esa iSnk gqvk] blzkbZy ds ,d o"kZ gh igys ftlesa ;gwnh cgql[a ;k gSA vxj
ftUuk lkgc ds 1947 ds dgs x, c;ku okdbZ lp gksrs rks ikfdLrku vkt oSlk gh vk/kqfud dbZ lH;rkvksa dks
feykus okyk] ij blzkbZy tSlk gh et+gc esa fo'okl j[kus okyk gksrkA ij blds fcYdqy mYVk gks x;kA og ekWMuZ
gksus ds ctk, fiNM+dj ,d tquuw h gkyr esa igqp x;k gSA gj ns'k vius vk/kkjHkwr et+gch ekin.Mksa ls gh fl)karksa
dk nk;jk cukrk gSA vkSj vkt blzkbZy esa yksdra= gS] ;gh ;gwnh;r ds fl)karksa ds i{k esa tkrk gSA [ksn gS fd
bLyke dh cM+h /kkjk ds ckjs esa ge ,slk ugha dg ldrs gSaA
ij bu lcdk ;g vFkZ ugha fd *bLyke* gh mYys[kuh; leL;k gSA vc ;g nsf[k, fd nqfu;k ds yxHkx lkjs
gh eqlyeku&e/;iwoZ dks NksMd
+ j& yksdrkaf=d nskksa esa jgrs gS]a tgk fof/kor~ pquko gksrs jgrs gSAa blh ckr dk
[;ky dhft,&eqlyekukas dks viuh bLykeh ljdkjksa esa cgqr de vktknh feyrh gS vkSj dksbZ tokcnsgh
Hkh ugha gSA 'kk;n bLyke dk yksdra= ds ckjs tks #>ku (potential) gS og blh ckr ls izdV gksrk gS fd
dqjku dgha Hkh ^^ljdkj dSlh gks** bl rjQ b'kkjk ugha djrkA eku ysa fd dqjku vYykg dh gh nsu gS&iwjk ;k
dqN&dqN & D;k ;g pqIih cgqr eryc ugha j[krh \ blesa Hkh dqN iz;kstu gksxk \ D;k blh ls Li"V ugha gksrk
fd ge lcdks vius&vius Lora= fopkjksa ls viuh gh ljdkj pykus esa 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,\ ;g fcYkdqy lgh
fl) gksxk ;fn eqlyeku ,slh dkSe gS tks vYykg esa fo'okl ds cwrs ij gh [kM+h gSA lkjs ;gh dgrs gSa fd ,slk gh
gSA gesa Hkh fo'okl gS fd ,slk gSA t:j ge ,sls gh gksx
a As
ij vc eku yhft, ,slk ugha gS] 'kk;n ge yksx cl vYykg esa ,rckj ls bdV~Bs ugha gq, gS]a cfYd fdlh
,d jsfxLrkuh rgt+hc dks ekuus okys gksus ls gks x, gSAa D;k ,slk gks ldrk gS fd bLyke udkjkRed vkSj
rkSj&rjhds okyk ,slk nCcw etgc gS tks vYykg ds ro&Kku dks egoiw.kZ ugha ekurk cfYd
33
jsfxLrkuh rjhdksa dks gh ekudj pyrk gS vkSj eqlyekuksa dks ;gh fl[kk;k tkrk gS fd tSls vjch
dchyksa esa rkdr ds fy, mFky&iqFky ;k gypy gksrh gS] mlh dh udy djksA tgk 'kkg gqDe pykrs gSa
vkSj vU; lkjs mlh dks lgrs jgrs gSAa lnh vjc ds 'kkg *Qgn* dgrs gSa **nqfu;k esa tks yksdra= dk rjhdk
gS og *bl* {ks= ds fy, lgh ugha gSA bLykeh et+gc esa pqukoksa ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gSA** ;g
blfy, fd bLyke yhMj dks HksM+ksa dk pjokgk shepherd gh le>rk gS vkSj mlhdk ftEek gS fd og viuh
HksM+ksa dks laHkkysA 'kkg rks eqlyekuksa dks HksM&
+ cdfj;ksa ds cjkcj le>rs gh gS]a lkFk gh fcuk f>>d dgrs gSa fd
og rjhdk tks lgjkbZ vjc ds fy, Bhd ugha gS] og iwjs bLykeh et+gc ds fy, Hkh Bhd ugha A vki
esjs lkFk gh 'kk;n ;gh dgsx
a s fd mUgs ,slh dksbZ O;FkZ dh mM+ku ugha Hkjuh pkfg,A ysfdu ;g fcYdqy lkQ gS
fd eqlyeku bdV~Bk gksdj blds f[kykQ ugha cksy jgs gSaA gedks ,slk vo'; djuk pkfg,] fo'ks"kr%
blfy, fd lnh 'kkg dh ,d mikf/k gS *nksuksa eqdn~nl efLtnks&
a eqgEen lkgc ds eDdk vkSj enhuk okys & ds
j[kokys**A ;g crkb, fd bUgsa fdlus bLyke dk njksxk cuk;k \ geus rks ugha A dkSu budh eqlkgch
djrk gS\ ge gh djrs gSaA ij blds ckjs esa lksprs Hkh ugha vkSj cM+h Hkkjh dher pqdkrs gSAa
D;k gesa blh lgjkbZ vjcLrku ds mudh cfLr;ka dkWyksfu;k cukus okys rjhds dk elyk gh gy djuk gS
\ rkfd ge lq/kj ldsa \
34
v/;k;&6
bLyke dk iksf'knk fgLlk\

dqN fnu igys] vejhdh ;qfuoflZVh esa eSua s **vYykg vkSj lefyaxh eS=h gays** fo"k; ij ,d Hkk"k.k fn;kA
eSa rks bZlkb;r] ;gwnh vkSj bLyke bu lHkh et+gcksa dks ysdj fopkj crkuk pkgrh FkhA ogka rhuksa et+gcksa ds vU;
fdlh ds Hkh ugha yksxksa dh HkhM+ FkhA fdUrq ,d xqV tks iwjh rjg rS;kjh ls vk;k Fkk og Fkk **eqfLye LVwMVsa l
vlksfl,'ku** (MSA)A mlds cgqr ls lnL; iwjs lHkk Hkou esa pkjksa rjQ [kM+s FksA tgk ns[kw ogha ij os Fks] tSls
bLyke dk vlyh psgjk&lathnk rsojA
loky&tokc ds nkSjku eSua s ,d loky lclss iwNk & vxj bLyke lhkk jkLrk gS rks gesa mlesa vusd vyx
jkLrs (detours) D;ksa feyrs gSa \ esjs ,d nksLr us viuk *fgtkc* Lo;a cuk;k] tcfd îs'kkoj dk lyke* uke ls
,d rLohj vkbZ] ftlesa yM+dh dh flQZ vka[ksa fn[kkbZ nsrh FkhaA ;g iwNus dk esjk bjknk Fkk fd bLyke gj ckr ij
lkQ&lkQ ckr D;ksa ugha djrkA
blh ckr ij coky [kM+k gks x;kA MSA ds ,d esca j us dgk fd ^,sls vyx&vyx rjhds blfy, gSa
D;ksafd ikfdLrkuh yksx vlyh eqlyeku gSa gh ughaA os rks ^cnyw* gS]a bLyke rks vjcksa ij gh [kqyk gqvk FkkA
bl ckr dks lqudj mlh ds nf{k.kh ,f'k;k ds lkFkh iyV dj ihM+k vkSj ?k`.kk ds lkFk mldh rjQ ?kwjus yxsA esjs
ns[krs&ns[krs MSA pdukpwj gks x,A nwljs fnu ,d ikfdLRkkuh efgyk us eq>s bZ&esy HkstkA eq>s ?kwjus ds fy,
ekQh ekxrs gq, mlus fy[kk Fkk & **eSa iwjh jkr lksprh jgh fd D;k ge flQZ nwljs ntsZ ds eqlyeku gSa \ lefyaxh
nksLrh dks pqukSrh nsuk eSa viuk vf/kdkj ekurh gw] ij flQZ ?kwj&?kwj dj Mjkus ls dqN ckr ugha curhA cgl dk
tokc cgl gh gSA ij eq>s ;g ugha irk fd bl ^vjc deku* ls dSls fuiVwA irk ugha ;g ^vjc uLyokn* dSls
esjs gh xqV esa vk x;k gS& vkSj dSls tk,xk \**
esjs Vh-oh- izkx
s zke esa Hkh dbZ ykur Hkjh fpfV~B;ka vkrh FkhaA cgqr ls esjs et+gch fopkjksa ds fpFkM+s mM+kuk
pkgrs FksA ,d ^vfHkekuh vjc* us eq>s **lwvj vkSj Hkkjr dh xaokj vkSjr vui<+ dgk FkkA dSls crk fd eSa
*ikfdLrkuh* dgykus dks Hkh dHkh rS;kj ugha Fkh&ges'kk dgrh Fkh eSa *vjc gw*A
oSls ml le; eq>s lgh eqnn~ s dk vankt+ ugha gqvk FkkA vc le>rh gw & ;g rks *vk/kkjf'kyk j[kus okyksa
dk vf/kdkj* FkkA tc vjc dgrs gSa fd mUgsa gh bLyke dk ,tsM
a k cukus dk vf/kdkj gS rks blhls izdV gksrk gS
fd bLyke esa *cqf) dh txg* /kedh gh pyrh gSA tSls vjch efLr"d lM+ x;k gS oSls gh eqlyekuh
efLr"d Hkh lM+ x;k gS ekuks lHkh dks bLyke ds 'kq#vkrh vuqxkfe;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk dne feykdj gh pyuk
iM+x
s kA tc ckr gksrh Fkh 11 flrEcj 2001 ds /kekdksa dh] rks eqlyeku izk;% dgrs Fks] **geesa bruh cqf) ugha gSA
ge ,slk dj gh ugha ldrsA** blh ds lkFk *;gwnh "kM~;a=* dk Hkh uke fy;k tkrk gS vkSj vk'p;Z ugha fd ;s ckrsa
ogha T+;knk lquus esa vkrh Fkh tgka blzkbZy gh eqlyekuksa dk fo'ks"k nq'eu gSA vc vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk ;gh "kM~;=
a
okyh ckr ikfdLrku] e/; ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k esa Hkh QSy jgh gSA nf{k.k esa rks lfn;ksa ls dbZ et+gcksa ds
yksx bdV~Bk jgrs vk, gSa vkSj ogk ds bLyke ij rks vjcksa dk jax ugha p<+uk pkfg,A cl ;gh gks ldrk gS fd
vkt ds eqlyeku ,d varjkZ"Vh; lekt u gks dj ,d vjch dchyk gh cu x, gSa A
dchyksa esa fupys rcds ds yksxksa dks ^'ks[kks*a ds izfr fdlh 'kadk&langs ds fcuk iwjh fu"Bk cjrus dh dle
[kkuh iM+rh gSA blesa gh mudh futh lqj{kk Hkh gS vkSj mudh igpku HkhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fQfyLrhuh blzkbZy
yM+kbZ tks fd flQZ NksVs ls {ks= dh yM+kbZ gS&fQj Hkh vkt nqfu;k Hkj dh bLykeh ,drk dh igpku cu xbZ gSA
lksp le> dj vkdyu dh ckr djuk vc O;FkZ gh ugha] vfirq mldh lykg Hkh ugha ns ldrsA dchys ds fu;eksa
ds vuqlkj lgh lainz k; pquuk cgqr ek;us j[krk gSA iqjkus i=dkj *Qjhn >dkfj;k* us viuh fdrkc Future of
Freedom, 2003 esa fy[kk gSa %&
**baMksufs 'k;k ds eqlyeku tks chl lky igys fQyhLrhu dgka gS] ;g Hkh ugha tkurs Fks] vkt cM+h xeZtks'kh
ds lkFk mldks lgkjk nsrs gSAa vjcksa dk izHkko vc ?kj cukus esa Hkh vk x;k gSA bLykeh nqfu;k esa vius ?kj cukrs
le; ges'kk vjch rjhdksa dks Lons'kh LFkkuh; rjhdksa ls feykdj gh dke esa yk;k tkrk Fkk&pkgs tkok es]a :l esa
;k Hkkjr esAa ij vc ey;sf'k;k ;k baMksufs 'k;k esa ogka ds vius rjhdksa dks ut+j vankt+ fd;k tkrk gS D;ksfa d og
iwjh rjg bLykeh ugha gSa ;kuh vjch ugha gSa A
'kk;n blh ekufld cnyko ds dkj.k ls *f/kEehius* dk [;ky iSnk gqvk] ftlls eqfLye ns'kksa esa ;gwfn;ksa vkSj
bZlkb;ksa dks ckdk;nk nck;k x;kA pkgs ge fdrus gh mnkj gksa ij fQj Hkh geus dqN yksxksa dks ges'kk uhps rcds
35
dk gh ekuk gSA ;gh dkj.k Fkk *mej dk djkj* fy[ks tkus dkA dqjku esa rks xSj eqlyekuksa ls Hkh I;kj dh ckr gSA
fQj ;g dBeqYykiu (bigotry) dh rjQ dSls eqM+ x, gSa \ eq>s dgus nsa & jsfxLrku esa *cjkcjh* gks gh ugha
ldrh] D;ksfa d dchys dh fo'ks"krk cuk, j[kuk gSA
MkWDVj fljkt us eq>ls dgk Fkk *bl ekeys esa gesa cgqr dqN vius vki dks Hkh iwjh rjg le>us dh
vko';drk gSA** vius [kqyis u ds dkj.k ls MkW- fljkt dks vjkQkr us dSn Hkh dj fy;k FkkA vius van:uh Mj
vkSj xqugxkjh ds vglkl dh otg ls blzkbZy ds vkdzkark cuus dh ckr djds os vius yksxksa ds ckjs esa dgrs gS]a
*gekjs vanj cgqr dqN HkkokRed tquuw (psychopathy) gSA gekjk lekt iq#"k iz/kku gS vkSj mlesa fL=;ksa dh dksbZ
Hkwfedk ugha gSA u gh mUgsa dksbZ ckr djus dh vkt+knh gS& ,d Mjkouk ekgkSy gSA ;g rks dchys dk rjhdk gS fd
vyx lksp dk eryc gS cxkor ;k /kkskA vjc ns'kksa esa ge vHkh rd ,slk rjhdk dk;e ugha dj ik, gSa ftlesa
lHkh yksx dkuwuu cjkcj gksAa cgqr xaHkhj elyk gSA
vkSj eSa bls ekurh gwAa jkeYyk esa jktk 'kkgnsg vius eu dh ckr ugha dg ldrk D;ksfa d ogka ds my>s gq,
fj'rksa dh otg ls og fdlh Hkh [krjs dks ugha pkgrsA vxj rqEk dgha lcdh ut+jksa esa vk x, rks tku [krjs esa gSA
rqEgkjk Hkkk.k Hkh rqEgkjk viuk ugha gS & og rks dchys dh fefYd;r gSA rqEgkjh bT+t+r Hkh viuh ugha&vxj
xyrh gks tk, rks rqEgkjs fj'rsnkjksa ;k iwjh tekr dk Hkh vieku gSA
'kk;n jsfxLrkuh dchyksa ds f'kdats dh otg ls gh vkRe?kkrh ceckjksa dks tqYeh vjc 'kkgksa ds [kSjkr ij
thuk ejuk iM+rk gSA dchys esa lkjh [kSjkr 'ks[kksa dh ethZ ij gh caVrh gS vkSj blh jsfxLrkuh rjhds esa tc fdlh
[kkunku dh cnukeh gksrh gS rks mlds cnys esa vkSjr dh bTTr ywVh tkrh gS D;ksfa d ml ij vius [kkunku dk
LokfeRo gS] blh fy, mls csbTt+r djds mlds [kkunku dks Hkh csbTt+r djus ds cjkcj gqvkA vkSjrsa rks bu
[kkunkukas ds [kwu[kjkcs esa dsoy ,d I;knk&lk jg tkrh gaAS
vkiesa ls gh dqN yksx dgsx
a ]s ;g rks bLyke ugha gSA eqlyekuh fjokt+kas esa dqN et+gch vkSj xSj&et+gch
rjhds Hkh 'kkfey gSAa gka] Bhd gSA blhfy, vc loky mBrk gS fd *D;k bLykeh fjokt+ksa ls jsfxLrkuh rjhds gVk,
tk ldrs gSa \ vxj ugha rks gekjs lq/kjus dh dksbZ xqt
a kb'k ugha gSA
vki bl ckr ij xkSj dj jgs gS]a rc rd ,d vkSj pqukSrhA vxj etgc dks LFkkuh; jhfr fjokt+ksa
ls&dckbyh fjokt+ksa ls vyx djuk bruk eqf'dy gks] rks D;k ;gh lp ugha fd bLyke dk dqN xgjk rkYyqd
dchyksa ls gh gS\ gj et+gc esa dqN [kkl ckrsa gksrh gS]a #g vkSj fnekx ds xqVksa dh] dchyksa dhA gesa tks csudkc
djrk gS&lks gS og jsfxLrkuh dchyksa ds rkSj rjhds&ftuls vke vkneh dh gSfl;r ,dne uhps pyh tkrh gSA
felz ds ,d ys[kd gS]a xcj vlQwjA og bl ckr ls ijs'kku ls gSa fd muds ns'k esa tks [kq'kuqek ekgkSy gksrk
Fkk] ftlesa vkilh ckrsa gksrh Fkha] galhet+kd gksrk Fkk] og bl *jsfxLrkuh bLyke* ds fNis geyksa esa [kRe gks jgk gSA
dgrs gS]a ^^gekjs ckt+kjksa es]a xfy;ksa esa tks lcdks 'kkfey djrs gq, ckrphr gksrh Fkh] ml ij ;g bLyke ikcanh
yxkrk gSA tSls lkroha lnh dk cnk;wuh gj eksM+ ij fNis nq'euksa ls] ?kkr ls Mjrk Fkk] oSls gh ;g dV~Vj bLyke
lHkh *nwljks*a ij 'kd djrs gSa A muls uQjr djrs gS] bu *nwljks*a esa ;gwnh Hkh gS]a bZlkbZ] ifpeh ;k vkSjrsa Hkh gSAa
bu yksxksa ds fy, vkSjrsa rks ykyp vkSj cyk dh tM+ gSAa vkSj ;g csjge bLyke QSykus esa gkFk jgk gS lnh vjc
ds rsy&MkWyj dk**A ij eaS rks ekurh gwa fd ;s rkSj&rjhds rks cgqr iqjkus gS&
a ge ekusa ;k u ekusAa bldh felky
gS&ckaXykns'k dh ^rLyhek uljhu* & vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa fy[kus okyh MkWDVj] ftUgsa ckaXykns'k us ckgj fudky fn;kA
mUgksua s eq>s ,d Bksl felky nh] tks lnh yksxksa ds vehj gksus ds igys dh gSA dgrh gS] ^êSa tc NksVh Fkh rc
eq>s crk;k x;k Fkk&vYykg lc dqN & ;kuh lc dqN gh tkurk gSA fQj rks vYykg dks ckaxyk tqc+ ku Hkh rks
ekywe gksxh\ gS u \ eSua s viuh ek ls iwNk]^êq>s flQZ vjch kkk esa gh D;ksa bcknr iwtk djuh iM+x
s h \ eSa tc
vYYkkg ls ckr djuk pkgrh gw]a rks eq>s nwljs fdlh dh t+cku D;ksa bLrseky djuh iM+x
s h \ eka us dksbZ tokc ugha
fn;k] cl ogh ges'kk okyh ckrsa tSls & gnhl esa fy[kk gS tc ej tkrs gSa rks Qfj'rs vkdj #g ls loky djrs gS]a
mldk tokc vjch kkk esa gh gksuk pkfg,] ugha rks rqEgkjh dcz rqEgsa nck nsxhA vc bu ^Qfj'rks*a dks ckaxyk Hkk"kk
D;ksa ugha vkrh\ ,slk yxrk gS tSls vYykg eqlyekuksa ds fnyksa esa tcju ?kql dj cl x;k gSA
bl vjch kkk ds fr bruh xk<+h HkfDr jsojsal ls eq>s viuh enjls dh i<+kbZ ;kn vk xbZA ;g ckr eq>s
le> ugha vkrh&flQZ t+cku gh ugha HkfDr djuk HkhA D;k bZlkbZ ,d&nwljs dks ^xzhd* ;wukuhu tkuus ds fy,
csbTt+r djrs gSa & ftlesa igys U;w VsLVkesVa fy[kh xbZ FkhA ,sls gh igys bZlkb;r flQZ ysfVu Hkk"kk esa gh le>h
tkrh Fkh] ftlls oSfVdu ds iknfj;ksa dks viuh rkdr feyrh FkhA eqlyekuksa dk rks dksbZ oSfVdu ugha gSA ij
mlls D;k \ eq>s Hkh rfLyek uljhu dh gh rjg crk;k x;k Fkk fd vYykg ls vjch t+cku esa ckr djks&tks esjs
fy, xzhd ds cjkcj gh FkhA D;ksa vjch Hkkkk ,sls fdlh cnyko dks ugha ekurh\ gka] jlwy lkgc ds fy, vYykg
dk igyk gqDe Fkk î<+ks*A vkSj mlus vjch i<+h \ ij ;g ckr rks t+kfgj gS fd eqgEen lkgc vui<+ FksA lHkh
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eqlyeku tkurs gSAa vYykg ds gqDe ls i<+ ikuk rks ,d peRdkj gSA blls vjch Hkkkk dh rks dksbZ gqdew r iSnk
ugh gqbZ Fkh\
eq>s yxrk gS fd bLyke esa vjch lH;rk okys lkezkT;oknh vYykg ls loZkfDreku (Almighty) ds
vksgns ds fy, eqdkcyk djrs gSAa dqjku esa dgk gS] ^îwjc&if'pe nksuksa gh vYykg ds gSaA ftl rjQ Hkh eqM+
tkvks] ogha is vYykg dh lwjr gSA** fQj D;k otg gS fd eqlyekuksa dks eDds dh rjQ eqga djds gh fnu esa
ikp ckj >qduk iM+rk gS \ D;k blh ls t+kfgj ugha gksrk fd ;g jsfxLrkuh pkcqd dh gh ekj gS \ vki eq>s pkgs
flQZ ijh lrg ij lkspus okyh dfg, & eq>s rks ;g Hkh yxrk gS fd ^D;k iguuk pkfg,* bl ij Hkh jsfxLrkuh
dchyksa dh gh Nki ut+j vkrh gSA vjc ds ckgj & if'pe esa Hkh] yk[kksa vkSjrsa cqdkZ igurh gSAa os ekurh gS fd
;g Hkh ,d et+gch (spiritual) leiZ.k gSA bZjku dh vkSjrsa tks *pknj* igurh gS]a ftlls t+jk Hkh cky ut+j u
vk, mldk fMt+kbu yscuku ds ,d f'k;k eqYyk ls feyk FkkA dqjku esa cqdkZ vks<u+ k flQZ jlwy lkgc dh chfo;ksa
ds fy, t+:jh fd;k gSA ,slk dgha Hkh gqDe ugha gS fd lkjh gh vkSjrsa cqdkZ igusaA vkSj ,slk gksuk Hkh D;ksa
pkfg, \ insZ ls vkSjrksa dks jsr vkSj xehZ ls jkgr feyrh gS ij mldh t+:jr gS rks flQZ vjc] lgkjkbZ vhdk
;k vkWLVfs y;k ds ohjkuksa esAa ftldk eryc gS et+gch t+:jr iwjh djus ds fy, rgthc okys diM+s iguuk & esjs
can xys dk LosVj vkSj Vksih iguus ls Hkh Bhd gSA vc eSa viuk eqga <d yw D;ksafd oSls gh djuk gS] ;g rks
jsfxLrkuh vjcksa dh ,d Qrsg gS] ftuds rjhds vc lkjh eqfLye vkSjrksa ds fy, ^^lgh uewuk** cu x, gSAa
jsfxLrkuh yksxksa ds diM+]s t+cku ;k bcknr iwtk dk rjhdk&bu lcdh flQZ udy djus ls ml vYykg ds
ikl rks ugha igqp
a x
sa As ij lfn;ksa ls pys bLyke ds ckjs esa tks >wB QSyk;k x;k gS mlls vkidks lgh tkudkjh gh
ugha gksrh gSAa bu >wBh ckrksa us xSj&vjc eqlyekuksa dks muds vjc ekfydksa ds ^xzkgd* gh cuk fn;k gSA tks Hkh
bLYkkeh *tkudkjh* ds uke ls cspk tk,xk mls [kjhnuk gh iM+x
s kA
bu vQlkuksa esa eq>s tks lcls T;knk [kyrk gS] og gS] ^tkfgfy;r* dk [;ky&og fnekxh ;k pfj= dk
va/ksjk eksjy MkdZusl tks bLyke ds vkus ds igys Fkk & ,slk dgrs gSAa ;g rks ekurs gSa fd lkroha lnh esa vjch
ns'kksa esa naxk&Qlkn vkSj csvnch lc rjQ QSyh Fkh vkSj muesa ,dk djus okys et+gc dh t:jr FkhA ysfdu
dqjku rks bl tkfgyius dh ckr flQZ vjch bfrgkl ds ckjs esa djrk gSA vc ukVd ;g gS fd vjcksa us ;gh lksp
dk;e dh gS fd ftrus Hkh xSj&vjc dkSeksa ij Qrg gkfly dh] og lkjs gh t+kfgy FksA bu lHkh t+ekrksa dks ;gh
ckj&ckj crk;k x;k gS fd eqgEen lkgc ds igys dh lc tkudkjh ;k bYe [kqnk dk vieku gS & dq gS vkSj
;g lkjs gh eqlyekuksa dks ykxw gS] os dgha Hkh jgrs gksA blh otg ls rfLyek uljhu dh ek Hkh ,d et+gch
*jkscksV* ;a=&ekuo cuh Fkh vkSj ,d xqugxkj dh rjg vjch Hkkkk jVrh jgrh FkhaA
Qjhn >dfj;k dh rjg gh fo|kkj uk;ikWy us Hkh] blds ifj.kke cM+s iSekus ij ns[ksa gSAa dbZ lky igys
mUgksua s vius bZjku] ikfdLrku] ey;sf'k;k vkSj baMksufs 'k;k dh ;k=kvksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk gSA bu ns'kksa esa ;wjksih cLrh
cukus okyksa ds f[kykQ py jgh yM+kb;ksa ds o.kZu djds os dgrs gS]a **;g cLrhckt+h lkezkT;okfnrk dgha Hkh bruk
iq[rk ugha Fkh] ftruk fd vjch et+gc ds vkus ds lkFk gqbZ FkhA vjcksa esa ;g fu;e Fkk fd tks Hkh igys muds
igys Fkk] og [kqnk ds f[kykQ Fkk] xyr FkkA eqgEen ds igys D;k Fkk] dSlk Fkk] blds fy, buds fnekx esa dksbZ
txg u FkhA**
eSua s dbZ eqlyekuksa dks dgrs lquk gS fd uk;ikWy ,d *uLyoknh* gSA cM+h vthc ckr gS] D;ksfa d mudh ckr
lquus rks lkQ gks tkrk gS fd esjs enjls esa dHkh ;gwnh ;k bZlkbZ fjokt+ksa dk ft+ gh D;ksa ugha vkrk Fkk ftuls
bLykeh fjokt+ fudys gSAa vxj budk vlj ge ekurs gSa rks mldk eryc rks ;gh gksxk fd bLyke ds igys
nqfu;k esa iwjk va/ksjk ;k csodwQh ugha Fkh vkSj vjch eqlyekuksa us muds igys okys et+gcksa ls cgqr dqN
fy;k gS] bLyke Hkh vyx&vyx et+gcksa dks feykdj gh cuk gSaA og dksbZ bUdykch et+gc ugha gSA
ysfdu ,slk dguk rks d+chys ds f[kykQ tkuk gS vkSj og rks ugha eku ldrs uk\ ij 'kk;n eku Hkh ldrs gSAa ogh
ckr yhft,&ftl ij cgl dh eukgh gSA D;k dqjku kq: ls vkf[kj rd vYykg dh gh nsu gS \ bLyke ds igys
dbZ o"kksZa esa vjcksa us vYykg ds uke ij cM+h thrsa gkfly dha vkSj vius u, et+gc ds ckjs esa lkspus dk oDr gh
ugha FkkA 'kk;n dqjku ds cukus ds ihNs dqN lkezkT;h ncko Hkh jgk gksxkA *,VykafVd eaFkyh* esa ,d [kksth ys[k
Nik Fkk] **dqjku D;k gS \** dgkuh Fkh & ,d QkSth tujy us jlwy lkgc ds rhljs tku'khu mFkeku dks [krjs dk
lan's k fn;k&^^;g rcnhyh okys eqlyeku converts dqjku esa D;k fy[kk gS & bl ij cgl dj jgs gSAa bu
yksxksa dks dkcw djuk t:jh gS] ugha rks og Hkh ;gwnh ;k bZlkb;ksa dh rjg gh gks tk,axAs ** [kyhQk mFkeku us QkSju
dkjZokbZ djds dgk fd tks Hkh ;kn fd;k gqvk gS ;k vyx&vyx ipksZa esa fy[kk gS] mls bdV~Bk djds
37
,d gh *dqjku* cuk;k tk,A tks Hkh blds ckgj gks ;k *[kjkc* gks mls [kRe fd;k tk,A** vc bl ij Hkh
loky mBrk gS fd tYnckt+h esa fd, bl QSlys ds ckn Hkh cuk dqjku vxj iwjh rjg cf<+;k perfect u gqvk
rks \
;g ckr rks ekuuh gh iM+sxh fd dqjku esa dbZ dfe;ka gSaA ftl rjg vjch lkezkT; c<+ x;k Fkk] mlesa
dbZ viuh gh t+:jrsa gksx
a h] ftlls et+gc gh lkezkT; dk ukSdj cu x;k gksA gksuk pkfg, blds myVkA D;k ;g
laHko ugha fd jktuhfrd ncko ;k bjknksa ls dqjku dh dqN vk;rksa esa dqN Qsj&cny fd;k x;k gks \ vkSj og
vjc flikglkykj tks vius u, et+gc dh rqyuk esa dckbyh rjhdksa ls T+;knk okfdQ Fks] mUgksua s vius tkus gq,
rjhdksa dks bLyke ls Hkh tksM+ fn;k gks \ ;g le>uk rks vklku gS fd jsfxLrkuh vjcksa dk ;g rjhdk gh ^lgh
bLyke* dh 'kDy ys ysxkA uk gh ;g le>uk eqf'dy gS fd ,slk cnyk gqvk equkflc vkSfpR;iw.kZ bLyke ,slk
vkKkdkjh bLyke gks tk,xk] tks flikfg;ksa dk T+;knk vkSj [qknk dk de vkKkdkjh gksxkA
'kq:vkr esa rks ;g dckbyh f'kdatk dqN <hyk Fkk vkSj bLyke esa gksf'k;kjh vkSj dykdkSky dk egRo FkkA
oukZ ml lqugjs oDr dh kq:vkr gh u gksrh] ftlesa O;kikj] ppkZ,a vkSj jhfr fjokt+ks dk ysunsu gksrk FkkA ftlesa
*vy&fdUnh* tSl]s mnkjeuk oSKkfud vkSj nkkZfud us dgk Fkk ^êSa viuh iqjkuh ihf<+;ksa dk vkSj ckgjh yksxksa dk
'kqxqt+kj gw]a D;kafs d os u gksrs rks ge pkgs ftUnxh Hkj esgur djrs] fQj Hkh lPpkbZ ds vlwy bdV~Bk ugha dj
ldrs FksA** ,slk gksus ds fy, D;k Fkk tks lgh Fkk\ 'kk;n vkus okys le; dk [;ky \
cjkcj gkfly gqbZ QkSth thrksa dh otg ls vjcksa dks yxk fd mudk vkus okyk oDr Hkh ,sls gh cqyna vkSj
lqn<` + jgsxkA blh dk eryc Fkk fd bLYkke dks T+;knk l[rh ;k dM+k #[k viukus dh t+:jr ugha FkhA vPNk ;gh
Fkk fd bLYkke dqN yphyk gks rkfd tks'k ls c<+rk gqvk lkezkT; vPNs ls laHkkyk c<+k;k tk ldsA gka&et+gc vkSj
fl;klr rks vyx ugh dj ldrs Fks] ij 'kksgjr vkSj rkukkkgh lYrur rks vyx gks ldrs FksA tc ;gh vglkl
gqvk] rks meaxokys vehjksa us ml oDr ds lcls gksf'k;kj yksxksa dks dke esa yxk;kA buesa ;gwnh vkSj bZlkbZ rks Fks
gh] ij xSj&vjc eqlyeku Hkh FksA ;g xSj&vjc gh Fks ftUgksua s bLykeh dkuwu ds cM+s fgLls dks rS;kj fd;kA djhc
135 lkspfopkj okys Ldwy tYnh gh 'kq: gks x,A 'kk;n ;gh lh[kuk pkfg, fd vjcksa us vius iqjkus dckbyh
[;ky vkSj vkusokys dbZ et+gcksa ds rkSj rjhdkas dk rkyesy fcBk;kA
vxj ,sls Fkk rks nwljk fudkZ iSnk gksrk gS tc vjch eqlyekuksa dk lkezkT; [kRe gqvk rks ;g iqjkus vkSj
vkusokys oDr ds chp dk rkyesy [kRe gqvk( oSls gh dckbyh lksp vkSj [kqys fjokt+ksa dk rkyesy Hkh [kRe gqvkA
lc rjQ ls gkj dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA blh ls iqjkus dkfcy vjc flikgh ;k flikglykjksa dk vieku gqvkA blh
ds lkFk mudh fnekxh gkyr Hkh [kjkc gks xbZA
rsjgoha lnh esa eqxyksa us yk[kksa iqjkuh gkFk dh fy[kh fdrkcsa frxzhl unh esa Qsad nhA dgrs gSa
^dbZ fnu mldh L;kgh vkSj [kwu ls unh dkyh gks xbZ FkhA m/kj bZlkbZ wlsMjksa us fc'kiksa ds gqDe ls
dqN 80 gt+kj fdrkcsa tyk nha ftlesa Kku ds HkaMkj FksA 'kk;n vjcksa dks viuk Hkfo; fn[k jgk Fkk]
Mwck gqvk] ;k tyk gqvkA mUgsa vc 'kk;n ,d nnZ feVkus okyk ejge pkfg, FkkA
vc jsfxLrkuh vjc ,d gh [kkl pht+ ij viuk gd trk ldrs Fks] og ;g fd **bLyke dh cqfu;kn geus
j[kh] dqjku vjcLrku ds chp gh mtkxj gqvk] tks fd vjcksa dh t+cku esa gh Fkk] blhfy, vYykg ds *vkf[kjh*
gqDe Hkh vjc ds yksxksa ij gh [kqyx
sa As vkSj og ges'kk ds fy, mUgha dh dCt+s esa jgsx
a As muds ftruk dksbZ Hkh vkSj
T+;knk fudV ugha gks ldrk Fkk] pkgs tehuh rkSj ij ;k et+gch rkSj lsA** blh ckr esa bTtr Fkh] 'kk;n brus cM+s
fxjkoV ds ckn NqVdkjk HkhA ij blh ejge esa ,d [krjukd ce Hkh fNik FkkA igys xqt+js gq, vkSj vkus okys
oDrksa esa tks ,d ukt+d
q fj'rk Fkk] og [kjkc vkSj [kRe gks x;kA vc flQZ ,d gh lksp cpko ds fy, jg xbZ fd
gekjs vrhr dks dSls cpk, vkSj bLyke dh uhao geus j[kh ;g gd dSls dk;e j[ksAa blh dks eSa ^cqfu;knh&tuwu*
dgrh gwAa
bl tuwu ds dbZ nnZukd urhts Hkh gSA bLyke ds et+gch rcds ds yksxksa dks gh vc bLYkke ds j[kokys
ekuk tkus yxkA bfTrgkn ;k [kqyh lksp ds njokt+s 12oha lnh rd can gh gks x, vkSj eqfr;ksa ds gkFk esa gh
lp&>wB dh igjsnkjh vk xbZA lPpkbZ tSl&
s tSls fldqM+rh xbZ] muds vfkdkj c<+rs gh x,A os fo}ku de vkSj
flikgh T+;knk gks x,A fdlh Hkh fdLe ds bZt+kn djus okyksa ij igys 'kd vkSj ckn esa rks eukgh dj nh xbZA
cqfu;kn ds j[kokys ;gh yksx vc dqjku vksj gnhl esa blh ckr dh [kkst djus yxs fd ,slk lcwr feys] ftlls
;g ckr iDdh gks fd dqN Hkh T+;knk Kku <w<a uk euk gSA mUgsa jlwy lkgc ds cksy feys] ^ûbZ pht+ksa ls [kcjnkj
38
jguk D;ksafd gj ubZ pht+ ,d bt+kn gS vksj gj bt+kn ,d xyrhA** viuk vkus okyk dy cukus ds fy,
fdruk cf<+;k rjhdk fey x;k gS u \
vxj bZt+kn ij jksd yxuh gh Fkh] rks og vjc rd gh gksuh pkfg, FkhA ij bZt+kn f[kykQh nwj&nwj ds
eqlyekuksa ij Hkh vlj dj xbZA tSls lu~ 1579 esa bLrkacy
w esa ,d oskkkyk (Observatory) cukbZ xbZ vkSj ,d
gh lky esa lu~ 1580 esa mls eqYykvksa us rqM+ok fn;kA fdruh fxjkoV Fkh & dqN gh lfn;ksa igys ,LVkus kWeh] xf.kr]
fpfdRlk vkSj dbZ dyk dkSky esa bLyke iwjh nqfu;k ds vkxs FkkA
lu~ 1728 esa bLracy
w esa gh ,d bczkghe us igyk Nkik[kkuk [kksyus ds fy, vthZ esa dgk Fkk] ^îgys
eqlyeku lHkh lkbUl esa ifpe ls vkxs Fks] og vaksjs esa Mwcuk ugha pkfg,** dqN fnu rks Nkik[kkuk pyk] fQj
1745 esa mls eqYykvksa us can djk fn;kA
bLYkke esa dqN xqV vyx lksp j[krs Fks] tSls bLekbyh f'k;kvksa dk ,d fgLlk dgrs Fks] tgka Hkh lp feys]
mls <wa<uk pkfg,A lwfQ;ksa dks tht+l ls dkQh yxko Fkk] IysVks vkSj vjLrq ls yxko j[kus okys ^QSyklqQ* iwjh
nqfu;k ds fy, et+gc <wa< jgs FksA ij ;s lkjs yksx flQZ ckgjh fdukjs ij gh FksA jsfxLrku ls nwj jgus okys
yksx bLyke ds rkSj rjhds ugha cukrs FksA bUgsa vjc gh cukrk FkkA bldh ,d felky ns[ks&
a mUuhloha lnh
ds chp esa jsfxLrkuh eqYykvksa us vksVkseu lkezkft;ksa rqdhZ ij t+cjnLr ncko Mkydj mUgsa rhu vge eqnn~ s okil
ysus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA ;s eqnn~ s Fks&
vfdh xqykeksa ds /ka/ks ls eqlyekuksa dks gVkuk
vkSjrksa dks cqdkZ&inkZ ls vkt+kn djuk]
dkfQjks dks jlwy ds ns'k esa jgus nsukA
eDdk ds cM+s eqYyk us ,slh dkjZokbZ djus dh lkspus okyksa ds f[kykQ ,d Qrok Hkh fudkykA mlesa dgk Fkk]
^^xqykeh can djuk 'kfj;r ds f[kykQ gS** vkSjrksa dk csinkZ gksdj ?kweuk] muds gkFk esa rykd dk
vfkdkj gksuk ,slh pht+sa ikd dkuwu ds f[kykQ gSaA ,slh ckrsa dgus okys rqdZ Hkh dkfQj gSa vkSj muds
cPpksa dks xqyke cukuk tk;t+ gSA**
rqdhZ cnyko rks pkgrs Fks] fQj Hkh mUgksua s vjch eqYykvksa dks euk fy;kA rqdhZ vkyk eqrh us mUgsa rlYyh nh
^^dqN cn~reht+ vksj ykyph yksxksa us vthc >wBh vkSj eux<+ar ckras QSykbZ gSAa vYykg gesa egQwt j[ksA** eSa
egQwt ij t+ksj ns jgh gw]a D;ksfa d bLyke dks iRFkj tSlk cukuk gh bu ^cqfu;knh&tuwu* okyksa dk bjknk gSA
tSl&
s tSls eqfLye dkSe ;wjksi ds QkSth ;k vkfFkZd dkSky ls fiNM+ xbZ gS] rc ls bu cqfu;knh tuwu okyksa ds
gkSlys c<+ x, gSAa
bl ikxyiu dk lcls nnZukd urhtk ;gh gSA etgc dks u;k ;k csgrj cukus ds fy, gj oDr flQZ ihNs
gh ns[kk tkrk gSA fdruk ihNs \ pkSngoha lnh rd] tc eqfLye lkezkT; xSj&vjc gkFkksa esa tkus yxkA ml oDr
ds nfed ds rFkkdfFkr ^^lqkkjoknh** vgen&bCu&rkfe;k us eqxy geykojksa dks et+gc NksM+us okys djkj
fn;k] D;ksfa d mUgksua s bLyke dcwy djus ds ckotwn 'kfj;k dh txg vius gh dkuwu dk;e fd, FksA rkfe;k ds
fglkc ls jlwy eqgEen ds oDr et+gc vkSj ljdkj esa dqN Hkh QdZ ugha Fkk] ftldk eryc gqvk fd
eqxyksa us dqN u;k rjhdk bZtkn fd;k tks fd ekuk ugha tk ldrkA vgen&bCu&rkfe;k dk pkcqd vkSj bZtknksa
ij Hkh iM+k&tSls eqfLye QylQk] lwQh rjhds] f'k;k bLyke & oxSjgA D;wa fd lkjs gh jlwy lkgc ds ckn fd,
x, bZt+kn FksA pkgs rkfe;k dks dbZ yksx ckxh dgrs gSa ij mlds lksp us dbZ vkus okys lqkkjdkas dks ksRlkfgr
fd;kA dqN felky nwa \ 1950&60 esa felz ds ,d lS;n dqrc us rkfe;k ls lh/kk lcd ys fy;kA tujy uklj us
vkf[kj mls Qkaalh ij p<+k;k] ij igys dbZ lky tsy esa j[kkA dqrc ds tsy ls fy[ks x, nLrkost vkt ds
^êqfLye cznjgqM** esa tku Mky x,A ftldk eSa igys **dqjku vkSj fiLrkSy** ds uke ls ftdz dj pqdh gwAa ;gh xqV
gS tks 9@11 flrEcj 2001 ds cnuke eqgEen vV~Vk ds lkFkh FksA
vkSj crk] dqrc ds ,d HkkbZ dks ns'k fudkyk fn;k x;k FkkA mlh us vkslkek&fcu&yknsu dks lnh vjc
esa i<+k;k FkkA D;k i<+k;k \ ;gh fd bCu rkfe;k ,sls oDr esa mHkjk Fkk tc ^^ckgjh geykoj** ?kql vk, Fks vkSj
mlds ejus ij eqxyksa ls uQjr djus okys voke esa cM+h rkjhQ gqbAZ rkfe;k ds lkr lnh;ksa ckn] vkt yknsu
vius tgjhyh Hkkk.kksa esa jlwy ds ns'k eas ?kqls ckgjh yksxksa dh ckrsa djrk gSA
vkt ds geykoj ve~fjdh gSAa isVa kxkWu us dgk rks gS fd cgqr ls vejhdh flikgh lnh vjc ls drkj pys
tk,axAs ij rkfe;k ds rkfyc rks ;gh dgsx
as s fd ,d ls nwljs ns'k esa tkus ls vejhdh QkStksa dk xqukg de ugha
gksrkA drj Hkh vjcLrku ds tt+hjs dk gh fgLlk gSA *fj;k/k* dks bu bZlkbZ;ksa dks vkus nsus dh ftEesnkjh ysuh gh
iM+x
s hA yknsu mUgsa wlM
s j dgrk gh jgsxk] pkgs mUgksua s dksbZ Hkh *bZlkb;r* u fn[kkus dk ok;nk fuHkk;k gSA
39
vkslkek fcu yknsu rks ;gh dgsxk fd lnh vkSj cM+s 'kSrku esa lqyg gks xbZ gS vkSj blh ls t+kfgj gS fd ;s
nksuksa gh fdrus ukikd gSAa vejhdk ij rks Qrsg djuh gh gS] lkFk esa gh mUgsa iukg nsus okys lfn;ksa dks HkhA
yknsu dk fe'ku rks r; gSA bu nksuksa dkSeksa ls eqlyekuksa dks cpkdj og bLYkke ds cqfu;kn ds ekSds dks] vkSj
lkFk&lkFk jlwy lkgc ds ft+na xh ls dqN pqfuank fgLlksa dks Hkh rkt+he ns jgk gS] mu fgLlksa dh udy Hkh dj jgk
gS vkSj mUgs vius bjknksa ds fy, bLrseky Hkh dj jgk gSA
yknsu dh rdjhjsa 'kk;n mu eqlyekuksa dks ilan vkrh gS]a tks vius ftLekuh ekSteLrh djus okys usrkvksa ls
uQjr djrs gSAa mldk *cqfu;knh tuwu* Hkh 'kk;n vke eqlyekuksa ds vkt+knh ds lius iwjs djs] ij ;g le>uk
pkfg, fd mlds csgrjh ds ok;nks esa csgrjh ugha gSA mldk *bLyke* mu lkjh eqf'dyksa vkSj nckoksa dks vkSj Hkh
l[r dj nsrk gS] ftlls eqlyeku vjch gqdew r ls vkt Hkh ncs ikrs gSAa mldk viuk gh dckbZyh et+gc gSA
mlesa ,der ds ctk, ,d tSls fn[kus dh bPNk gSA vius vki lkspuk eatwj ugha] flQZ nqckfk;ksa dh Vksfy;ka gh
fn[krh gSAa vkslek&fcu&yknsu lkezkT;okfn;ksa ds f[kykQ dksbZ Hkh dk;Zdez dk ,tsM
a k ugha nsrk] cl ogh jsfxLrkuh
gqDe'kkgh gh yxkuk pkgrs gS]a fQj lsA
;g lksfp, fd yknsu ds fe'ku dh 'kq:vkr dgk ls gqbZ \ lnh vjc lsA og flQZ ogk ds usrkvksa ds
f[kykQ gS] ml ns'k ls ughaA ;g le>uk t+:jh gS D;ksfa d lnh vjc dh uhao gh et+gch vkSj jktuhfrd ekeyksa
ij j[kh xbZ FkhA lu~ 1750 ds vklikl ogk ds dchyksa ds ,d ljnkj eqgEen bCu ln us et+gch lq/kkjd
^vCn&vy&okgkc* ls feydj lkaBxkaB cukbZA mlus mls dgk& esjk bjknk gS fd bl eqYd ds VqdM+ksa ls ,d dkSe
cukuk] vxj esjs bjknksa dks rqe ls et+gch vk'khokZn feys] rks eSa rqEgsa bl dkSe dk et+gch iFk izn'kZd cuk nwxkA
bls vy&okgkc us eku fy;kA ml ij bCu rfe;k dk Hkh izHkko Fkk vkSj mlds ^^csgrj* bLyke** ls gh yknsu
izHkkfor gSA bl ^^csgrj* bLyke** esa vkneh dh lksp fopkj dh kfDr [kRe dj ds et+gc dks cgqr ^^lhkk**
cuk;kA mldk bjknk gS] ges'kk ftgkn pykukA blh ckr dk lgkjk ysdj bCu ln vkSj mlds okfjlksa us nks
lkS lky rd vklikl ds lkjs {ks=ksa ij geys djds dCt+k dj fy;kA lu~ 1932 esa rqdhZ vkWVkseu lkezkT; ds VqdM+ksa
ls gh ^lnh vjc* mHkjkA bCu ln dk et+gch usrk okgkc ls tks djkj Fkk] og rks dk;e jgkA lkFk gh mudk
^ftgknh* fl)kar Hkh dk;e jgkA bUgha nks ckrksa ;kuh ^csgrj bLyke* vkSj ^ges kk dk ftgkn* dks ysdj
lnh vjc us eqlyekuksa dks ges kk ds fy, dkfct+ j[kus dk ^ôkgkch** rjhdk cuk j[kk gSA
gj lky ^gt* dh dbZ rLohjsa fudyrh gSa ftuls ckgjh rkSj ij ;gh ut+j vkrk gS fd gt dbZ fopkjksa dk
[kqyk R;kSgkj gSA ij vc blh rLohj esa nsf[k, lnh 'kkg nks ^îfo=** efLtnksa ds j[kokys dh Hkwfedk esa brjkrs
jgrs gSAa bl inoh ls mUgsa ;gh fn[kkus dk volj feyrk gS fd lkjs eqlyekuksa ds & pkgs os fdlh Hkh jax ds gks]a
os gh izfrfuf/k gSAa
vlyh rLohj D;k gS \ bruh [kwclwjr ugha gSAa fj;k/k lnh vjc dh jkt/kkuh dh fj;klr f'k;k
eqlyekuksa ls dSlk lywd djrh gS] ;g ns[kus okyh ckr gSA lqfUu;ksa ds ckn lcls cM+k fgLlk&f'k;kA lnh
izpkj rks ;gh gksrk gS fd f'k;k yksx ;gwfn;ksa dh lkft'k gSaA dgrs gSa fdlh ;euh ;gwnh us bLyke dks
ckVus ds fy, vkSj ;gwnh fopkj QSykdj eqlyekukssa dks xqejkg vkSj [kjkc dj fn;k] vkSj ;gh f'k;k
yksx gSaA
vc ;gwfn;ksa }kjk cuk, x, f'k;k rks ^f/kEeh* gh gq,] u \ vkSj ;gh oLrqr% mudk Lrj gS] vkt ds
lnh vjc esAa gky gh esa ,d f'k;k bLekbyh eqlyeku us c;ku fn;k gS&êsjs oru esa lcdks et+gch
ncko esa djds muds [ksr Nhu fy, x,] thuk eqf'dy dj fn;k x;k] ogkch ljdkj ds xouZj] vehj
vkSj ttksa us lkjh t+ehusa gM+i yhaA tks iSnk djrs gSa mldk Hkh vk/kk mBk ys tkrs gSaA** D;k ;gh
rLohj eqgEen ds oDr esa Hkh ugha fn[kh Fkh] tc ;gwnh fdlkuksa dks ywVk x;k Fkk \ ;g lc dqN
tk;t+ gS] D;ksafd f'k;k eqfLye rks ;gwnh gh gSaA f'k;k fdlh lnh U;k;ky; esa f'kjdr ugha dj ldrsA
flQZ ogkch gh tt cu ldrs gSAa bu nksuksa ckrksa dks feyk,a rks Li"V gS fd gj f'k;k tks is'k gksrk gS mls igys ls
gh eqtfje djkj fn;k tkrk gSA
lu~ 1990 esa êqfLye bUlkuh gdwd* ekuokf/kdkj djkjukek dkfgjk esa eqfLye dkSeksa us eat+wj
fd;kA og dgrk gS fd lgh tk;t+ (Trial) dk gj ,d dks gd gSA esjk [;ky gS bl ^gj ,d* esa
*xSj&eqlyeku* rks 'kkfey ugha gksx
a s \ vkSj f'k;k rks ;gwnh gS&
a flj pdjk tkrk gS bu ckrksa lsA
blh vjc esa vkSjrsa U;k;ky; esa ugha tk ldrha&pkgs mu ij gR;k dk vkjksi gksA os rks dsoy ,d xkM+h dh
rjg feyfd;r lEifk gSAa gk] vkSj os dkj ugha pyk ldrhaA bl ckr ij /;ku gh ugha nsrs fd lnh vjc esa
40
57 izfr'kr vkSjrsa gSAa ij os ges'kk tSls ukckfyx vOk;Ld jgrh gSAa igys firk] fQj ifr vkSj fQj vius iq=ksa ds
v/khu gh jguk iM+rk gSA
vkSj bu ukckfyx&ckfyxksa vkSjrksa ij gj oDr fuxjkuh jgrh gS] *eqkkok* ;k et+gch iqfyl dhA
ogh ut+j j[krs gS]a muds igukos ;k jgu&lgu ijA lu~ 2002 esa ,d Ldwy esa vkx yxh&ij fcuk ^vck;k* ds
ckgj ugha vk ldrh FkhaA vck;k* vFkkZr~ iwjs cnu dks <dus okyk cqdkZ eqkkfo;ksa et+gch iqfyl dfeZ;ksa us
us mUgsa <dsy dj okil Hkst fn;k fd vck;k* igudj vkvksA blh esa 15 dh ekSr gks xbZ vkSj ntZuksa
?kk;yA nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh ns'k esa ,slk dkuwu ugha gSA dqjku flQZ jlwy lkgc dh chfo;ksa dks inkZ
djuk t+:jh le>rk gSA
lnh vjc ds vkSj rkSj&rjhds nsf[k,] ftuesa iqjkus dckbyh jhfr&fjokt+ vkt Hkh ekStnw gSAa flQZ dqN cM+s
'kkgt+kns gSa tks lkk ij dCtk tek, cSBs gSAa ogh vkxs dh ikWfylh cukrs gSa vkSj eqYykvksa ds ekfQ;k dks dqN [kkl
buke nsrs jgrs gSa rkfd mudh oQknkjh dk;e j[ks&
a oukZ xM+cM+ gks tk,xkA
tc rd ehfM;k us gYyk ugha epk;k rc rd lnh vjc ls pyus okyh bLykeh pSfjVht+ ds fglkc ns[ks gh
ugha tkrs FksA ;gha ij iqjkuh bLykeh bekjrksa dks blfy, rksM+k tkrk gS rkfd os dgha cqr gh u cu tk,aA pwfa d
;gka eqYykvksa dks T+;knk fgQktr nsuk gS blfy, la;Dq r jk"V dk ekuokf/kdkj lac/a kh ij djkjukek ugha ekuk x;k
gSA mYVk] lnh vjc ,d dBksj vkSj catj bLyke dks nqfu;kHkj esa c<+kok ns jgk gSA
blds ifj.kke vc lwMku vkSj ikfdLrku ls vk gh jgs gSaA ikfdLrku esa cgqr ls enjls ,sls gSa
tgk flQZ dqjku dh vk;rsa gh i<+kbZ tkrh gSaA lwMku ls gks jgs xSj&eqfLyeksa ds dRysvke vkSj xqyke cukus
ds <jsZ ds ckjs esa vki tku gh x, gSAa
ikfdLrku esa py jgs cnkuh dchyksa tSls rkSj&rjhds ns[krs le; ;g Hkh /;ku jgs fd ogk dqN xSj
eqfLyeksa dks ekSr dh lt+k lguh iM+ ldrh gS] dsoy blfy, fd mUgksua s *vl&lyke&vkysdeq * dgus dh tqjZr dh
FkhA vkSj vkxs pysa rks ns[ksx
a s fd&vQxkfuLrku dks lnh vjc ds gh <ax esa <kyus dh dksf'k'k bl jsfxLrkuh
bLyke ls dh xbZA rkfycku ds b'kkjs ij cuh ubZ eqfLye vehjkr&,&vQxkfuLrku us ogh lnh rjhds viuk,]
tSls et+gch iqfyl dk xBu djds vkSjrksa vkSj f'k;kvksa dks nckuk vkSj ogh ewfrZHkatd rjhds viukuk ftlesa iqjkuh
et+gch txgksa vkSj ewfrZ;ksa dks mM+k fn;k x;kA ckaXykns'k esa Hkh bZlkbZ] fgUnw vkSj ckS) ewfrZ;ka pqu&pqu dj rckg
dh tk jgh gSAa uke ek= ds fy, ckaXykns'k ,d yksdra= gSA vc rks *ckfe;ku ds cq)* ls dqN lh[kuk pkfg,A
pqIih lk/k dj 'kkafr ds fy, izkFkZuk djus ls bl jsfxLrkuh bLyke dk eqdkcyk ugha gks ldrkA
;g okgkch rjhdk mkjh vejhdk esa Hkh igp
q x;k gSA tks eqf'dysa eq>s fdrkcsa <w<us esa gqbZ Fkh] ogh vc
lnh /ku ls pyus okys cM+s bLykeh Ldwy esa Hkh ns[kh tk jgh gSAa eq>s cpiu esa fl[kk;k x;k Fkk] ;gwfn;ksa ls
nksLrh u djuk] ogh vc Hkh py jgk gSA eqfLye cPpksa dks ckVh tk jgh vjch dh fdrkc dh ,d iafDr ns[ksa &
*dkfQj] cqrijLr vkSj muds tSls yksxksa ls uQjr djks&muls nwj jgks vkSj gekjs vkSj muds chp
#dkoVsa iSnk djks**A
vc nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkh jsfxLrkuh bLyke igqp x;k gSA ogk bLyke vk;k Fkk O;kikj djus] u fd
QkSth dCt+k djusA 'kk;n blfy, ogk ds eqlyeku vkt rd ogha ds ckS)] rkvks] bZlkbZ] fl[k] fgUnw] dUQwf'k;u
yksxksa ls] vkSjrksa ls Hkh feytqydj jgrs vk, FksA e/; iwoZ dk iSlk ey;sf'k;k&baMksufs 'k;k ds tehuh ut+kjs gh ugha
cfYd ogka ds dkuwu vkSj vkt+knh dks Hkh cny jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, iqfyl us rhu bLykeh yM+fd;ksa dks
blfy, dSn fd;k fd mUgksus ,d lkSUn;Z izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkx ysus dk vijk/k fd;k FkkA tc bl Qros dh ckr
irk pyh rks muds ?kj okys vk'p;Z esa iM+ x, D;ksfa d vkt rd rks ;gk [kqyis u ls gh [kq'kgkyh FkhA
lu~ 1995 ds vkl&ikl yxHkx lkjs gh ey;sf'k;kbZ ns'kksa us 'kjh;k ds vuqlkj dkuwu cuk, gS]a ftlesa fdlh
Qros ds fo#) tkuk Hkh tqeZ gSA fdlh rjhds ls idM+uk gh gSA ogka dh ,d i=dkj fy[krh gS]a cgqr de
eqlyeku ,sls gSa tks [kqydj bLyke ij loky dj ldsa] mls pqukSrh nsa ;k flQZ bl ij cgl gh djsaA
bUgsa cl ;gh i<+k;k x;k gS fd et+gch gkfdeksa dh ckrsa ekurs tk,aA
;g *cqfu;knh tuwu* gesa ekj jgk gSA lkFk gh vusd yksx ej Hkh jgs gSAa vc rqdhZ dks mckjus okys deky
vrkrqdZ ls lh[kus dk le; vk x;k gSA lu~ 1925 esa mUgksua s dgk Fkk] ^êSa bl ckr ls iwjh rjg bUdkj djrk
gw fd vkt bl lnh esa tc foKku] f'k{kk vkSj lH;rk lc rjg ls mUufr dh vksj gS] fQj Hkh ,sls
yksx gSa tks viuh vkfFkZd ;k ekufld 'kkafr dks ek= fdlh 'ks[k ds dFku ij fxjoh j[kdj larq"V gksaA
41
deky vrkrqdZ us bLyke ds *cqfu;knh ekSdks*a ls ukrk rksMd

+ j vius dkSe dks vkxs c<+us dk volj fn;kA
et+gc ds ihNs Hkkxdj dsoy eqYykvksa dh gh thr gks ldrh gS tks ogh djrs gSa tks igys dgk x;k gS] ns[kk gS ;k
fd;k x;k gSA vrkrqdZ tku x, Fks fd lekt dks vkxs c<+us ds fy, dbZ fn'kkvksa esa dbZ rjQ thruk gksxkA
blh Bqdjkus dh ckr ls rqdhZ yksdra= dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ ;|fi dfe;ka gS]a rFkkfi ;g bLykeh nqfu;k dk ,d
iDdk yksdra= gSA ogka lu~ 2002 esa ,d bLykeoknh ikVhZ dks ljdkj cukus dk volj feykA fdUrq ;g /;ku nsus
;ksX; gS fd mUgsa bl ckr ls oksV ugha feys fd vesfjdk dh gj ckr dk fojksk djsa ;k blzkbZy dks dkslrs jgsAa
mUgksua s rks ;gh ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd jkstx
+ kj feysxk vkSj fj'or[kksjh jksdh tk,xhA cgjhu esa Hkh tc pquko gq, rks
bUgha nks ckrksa dks nksgjk;k x;kA [kkM+h ds ns'kksa esa ;g igyk ,slk pquko Fkk ftlesa vkSjrksa dks Hkh oksV djus dk
volj feykA bu yksxksa us flQZ Hkwrdky ugha cfYd orZeku dks ns[kk FkkA
vxj cksyus dh NwV feys rks vusd eqlyeku ;gh dgsx
a s fd os vkkkjHkwr <kps dks ckj&ckj dqjns uk ugha
pkgrs] vkxs dk jkLrk viukuk pkgrs gS]a xqt+jk jkLrk ughaA tc xqLlSy ikfdLrkuh ek&cki ns[krs gSa fd eqYyk
muds cPpksa dks vijk/k dh rjQ [khap jgs gSa rks os mu ij cjl iM+rs gSAa
tc baMksufs 'k;k ds ijgst+h eqlyeku ubZ fdrkc ykrs gSa ftlesa bLyke vkSj ekuokf/kdkj ds feyki dk
mYys[k gks] rc irk pyrk gS fd vU; yksx vkxs tk jgs gSAa bZjku esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh jSyh ds fo#) laln~ esa gaxkek
gksrk gS] rks yxrk gS fd vc dqN gksus okyk gSA tc ,d lnh v[kckj esa Nirk gS] ^^vjcksa ?kVuk p ij /;ku
nks**] ftlesa crkrs gSa fd blzkbyh dkSe vjcksa ls vkxs D;ksa gS] rks eglwl gksrk gS] egq [kqy jgs gSAa tkWMuZ ds foRr
ea=h dgrs gS]a ^^vjch usrkvksa dks varr% vkRe?kkrh ekuo ceksa ds fo#) [kqydj cksyuk gh iM+x
s k vkSj jktuhfrd
vkSj vkfFkZd rjhdksa dks vkSj yksdrkaf=d cukuk iM+x
s kA**
yscuku dk lekpkj&laoknnkrk dgrk gS] **okf'kaxVu dk nkf;Ro gS fd e/; iwoZ esa mxrs gq, gjs yksdra= ds
ikS/kksa dks lgkjk nsuk pkfg,** rc ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd nqfu;kHkj esa vkilh feyki dh iqdkj gS A tc&tc if'pe
esa dwVuhfrd ncko c<+rk gS rHkh ogk dh vkUrfjd vkokt+as Hkh cnyko ds fy, iqdkjrh gSAa
eksjDdks ds 'kkg tc 'kjh;k esa cnyko djds dbZ chfo;k gksus ij jksd yxk dj vkSjrksa dks
rykd] xqt+kjk vksj cPpksa ij vf/kdkj dh ckr djrs gSa ] vkSj dqjku dk gh lgkjk ysrs gSa] rc vki
le> ldrs gSa fd fjokt+ ij oQk thr ik ldrh gSA bu ls Hkh c<+ dj vejhdk esa *izksxzsflo eqfLye
;wfu;u** iui jgk gS] ftldk ukjk gS] **lkjs bUlkuksa dk cjkcj dk ntkZ vkSj vgfe;r*A lkFk gh esa
bLyke ds vge fdrkcksa dh ckjhdh ls vkt+ekb'k vkSj yxko j[krs gq, ;s dgrs gS&
a **vusd jkLrs gSa tks lPpkbZ dh
vksj ys tkrs gSAa ** ;g lqudj t+:j yxrk gS fd if'pe dh [kqyh gok ls eqlyekuksa dh ubZ ih<+h dks vc
^bfTrgkn* dks fQj ls c<+kus dh mEehn gSA ;gh bLyke dh og [kksbZ gqbZ Fkk Fkh ftlds vanj ubZ lksp dh
vkt+knh Fkh] ftlls vkfo"dkj fd, tk ldrs FksA
vkxs c<+us ds jkLrs esa pyrs gq, eq>s yxrk gS fd gesa rhu pqukSfr;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+x
s kA
,d& vkSjrksa ds gquj dks c<+kok nsdj eqfLye O;kikj dks fQj ls thfor djuk
nks&bLyke ds dbZ :i lkeus ykdj jsfxLrkuh rjhdksa dk eqdkcyk djuk
rhu&if'pe ds lkFk feydj dke djuk] muds fo#) ughaA
bu lkjs rjhdksa ls ge bLyke ds iqjkus dchys okys [;kyksa dks [kRe dj jgs gSaA
vc eSa Hkh ^nqRdkjh gqb*Z ugha jgx
wa hA vkvks 'kq: djs&
a ^^vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn**AA
42
v;k;&7
vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn
fdruh vthc ckr gS fd fdlh dh ;g fgEer gh ugh Fkh fd og bLyke dks lq/kkjus dh ckr djs]a tcfd
og u rks fl;klrnk gS] u dksbZ fMIykseVS ] u gh dksbZ v;kReoknh Theologian! eq>s [kqn Hkh dHkh&dHkh lksp dj
gSjkuxh gksrh gS ij flQZ dHkh&dHkh ! eq>s bl ckr dh dksbZ ijokg ugha fd eSa viuh txg ij jgwAa cnyko dh
'kq#vkr dgha ls rks gksuh gh pkfg,A fQj ,d toku eqfLye vkSjr ls gh D;ksa u gks & ftldks ^^tSls Fks** fd
fgek;r djus esa dqN Hkh yxko ugha&u gh dqN tT+ckr tqM+s gaS blesAa
eSua s vHkh rd rks ;gh le>k gSA vkSjrksa dh csbTt+rh djuk vkSj et+gch vYila[;dksa dks uhpk
fn[kkuk] blesa eqlyekuksa dks cM+h egkjr gkfly gSA D;k ;s nksuksa ijs'kkfu;ka bdV~Bs gh lqy>kbZ tk ldrh gSa
\ eSua s dqjku vkSj bfrgkl ls dbZ lw= ,sls fudkys Fks ftukls ;g mEehn gksrh gS fd lq/kkj gks ldrk gSA elyu]
eqlyekuksa dks lfn;ksa ls O;kikj frtkjr ls csgn I;kj jgk gSA blh ls eq>s dqN psruk feyhA ,d & O;kikj ls
vkilh rkYyqdkr vPNs jgrs gS]a tSls eqlyeku] ;gwnh vksj bZlkb;ksa esAa nwljk&dqjku esa ,slh dksbZ eukbZ ugha gS
ftlls vkSjrsa O;kikj esa u vk ldsAa bUgha ckrksa ls esjk ;g ljljh [;ky gS fd [kqnkijLr vkSj vkSjrksa dk pyk;k
gqvk iwt
a hokn viukus ls 'kk;n bLyke dk mnkj er gks ldsA ij fdlh us D;k ,slk fd;k gS\ ;k lkspk Hkh gS \
,d fnu] vDrwcj 2002 esa ^vksizk fouh* dk Vh-oh- dk;Ze ns[k jgh Fkh] ftlesa eqfLye cguksa dh vke gkyr
fdruh cqjh gS bl ij ppkZ gks jgh FkhA blesa vksizk us rhu vkSjrsa is'k dha] ,d ftls iRFkj ekjdj ekSr dh lt+k
feyh] nwljh ds psgjs ij rst+kc Qsd
a dj tyk;k x;k vkSj rhljh ftlus dgk fd lekt esa esjh dher ,d twrh ds
cjkcj gh gS & de ;k T+;knk ughaA vksizk us lcls loky fd;k ^ge D;k dj ldrs gSa \**
mudh ,d esgeku t+uS kc lkYch Fkh ftUgksua s dgk ^êsjh ,d vQxkuh vkSjr ls eqykdkr gqb]Z mlus dgk] eq>s
100 MkWylZ fey tk,a rks eSa ,d viuk dke 'kq: dj ldrh gwAa vc bl vkSjr dks enn dhft,A mls
fy[kuk&i<+uk fl[kk nsa rkfd og vius cPpksa dk gd vutkus esa fdlh dks u nsA mls vius vfkdkjksa ls ifjfpr
djk nsa rkfd og vius enZ dks ;k dchys ds eqf[k;k dks ;g dg lds vki esjs lkFk ,slk ugha dj ldrsA mls
viuh ft+Unxh dh yM+kbZ [kqn yM+us nsAa ** mUgksua s ;g Hkh dgk fd if'pe dh vkSjrsa eqfLye vkSjrksa ds O;kikj esa
gksf'k;kjh dk Qk;nk mBk,aA tc muds ikl iSlk gksxk] rc 'kk;n og viuh gkyr ij loky mBkus dk vge dke
dj ldsAa
bl 'kks dks ns[kdj eq>s ,d iqdkj lqukbZ nh tks [kqn dh enn vkSj mlls T+;knk [kqn dh bTtr ds ckjs esa
FkkA tc eqfLye vkSjrsa loky iwNus yxsa rks og flQZ ?kj dh bTt+r dk fu'kku gh ugha cfYd ,d bTtrnkj
bUlku cu tkrh gSAa vjch bTtr dk rjhdk ;k dk;nk ;gh dgrk gS fd vius iksr]s cki ;k csVs dh flf)] in
vkSj rjDdh ds fy, vkSjrsa vius t+krh gd dqckZu dj nsAa ij bl rjg thus dks pqukSrh nsus dk eryc rks ;gh gS
fd vki flQZ fefYd;r* lEifk ugha gSAa vki vkSjrsa [kqn ,d bUlku gS]a viuh lksp dks viuh vkokt+ esa [kqn
tkfgj dj ldrh gSAa vPNh ckr rks ;gh gS fd jlwy eqgEen Hkh lkjs eqlyekuksa ds fy, ;gh rks ges'kk pkgrs Fks
fd ge dchys ls ij mBsa D;ksfa d dchyksa ds bUgha ladjs] [kqnxjt+ vkSj fnekxh tuwu okys [;kyksa ls lkroha lnh
ds vjcLrku dks nq'euh] fgalk vkSj HksnHkko ls Hkjk jsfxLrku cuk j[kk FkkA vc bl 21 oha lnh esa eqfLye vkSjrksa
ds gquj dks c<+kok nsdj ge [kkunkuh bTtr dks [kqnn~ kjh esa cny ldrs gSa vkSj blfy, bLyke dks Hkh cny dj
mlds rjhdksa dks csgrj cuk ldrs gSAa
vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn ,d eqfge gS ftlls bLyke dks bUlkfu;r fQj ls gkfly gksA mlh dk igyk
dne ;gh gksxk fd vkSjrksa }kjk O;kikj ds gquj dks c<+kok nsukA
eSa vius vkidks bl eqfge dk usrk ugha ?kksf"kr dj jgh gw A vHkh rks ;g 'kq: Hkh ugha gqvk gSA oSls gdhdr
esa rks eSa ;g Hkh ugha lksprh fd csfM+;ka [kksyuk ,d cgqr cM+k fgEerokyk dke gksxk ftlesa cgqr ls ennxkjksa dh
t+:jr Hkh gksxh ftlesa if'peh yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSAa 'kk;n blh ckr ls dckbyh [;kyksa dks dqN Bksdj yxsA t+:jh
gS fd ge dbZ dYplZ dks lkFk ysdj lkspAsa vxj ge ^nwljks*a dks NksMd
+ j lksp dks gh can dj ds j[ksa rks ogh gksxk
tks 9@11 flrEcj 2001 esa gqvkA vxj ge vPNs ^nqfu;k ds ukxfjd* cusa rks ogh lkjs gh van:uh fgQktr ds
fy, vPNk gSA if'peh yksx bls pkgs ;k u pkgs vkf[kjdkj ekuuk gh iM+x
s kA
vkt bl ckr dks ekuus dh vgfe;r blfy, gS fd vjc ns'kksa esa ;qokvksa dh fxurh cgqr T+;knk c<+ xbZ gSA
vkt ogk lkB Qhlnh yksx chl lky ls de mez ds gSAa cfuLcr vejhdk ds tgk 29 Qhlnh gh ,sls gSAa vjc
tokuksa ds ikl dkWyt
s dh fMfxz;ka gSa ij muds ikl dke dh mEehnsa dqN Hkh ugha gSa vkSj ;g vPNh ckr ugha gSA
[kkyh cSBs yksx vDlj ,sls mxzoknh xqVksa esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa tks eqr dk [kkuk] dqN dj fn[kkus dk] vkSj vius
xqLls dks fdlh ij mrkjus dk ekSdk nsrs gSAa ,d vkSj ih<+h c<+us rd vjcksa dh fxurh pkyhl izfr'kr vkSj c<+us
43
dk vuqeku gSA vkt djhc rhl djksM+ gSa og 2020 rd rSarkfyl djksM+ gksxhA vxj bu cPpksa dks bdksukWfed
vkfFkZd vkSj flfoy ekeyksa esa 'kkfey gksus ls jksdk tkrk gS rks nqfu;kHkj esa fpaxkjh YkXk tk,xhA ;g
Babyboom dsoy vjcksa dk ugha cfYd if'pe dk Hkh elyk gSA
la;Dq r jk"V ds ,d losZ eas vk/ks vjch tokuksa us dgk fd og ckgj tkuk pkgrs gSa & gljr Hkjh fuxkgksa ls
if'pe dh vksj ns[k jgs gSAa if'peh ns'k dbZ rjhdksa ls mUgsa jksduk Hkh pkgrs gS]a ij ;kn jgs fd ckgjh yksxksa dks
vkus nsuk gh iM+x
s k] muds cxSj og qn vkxs c<+ gh ugha ldrsA ;wjksi] vesfjdk] tkiku] dukMk vkSj
vkLVsfy;k dh turk ,d rjQ cq<+kis dh vksj c<+ jgh gS vkSj nwljh rjQ mudh îSnkb'k* de gks jgh
gSA bu lkjs ns'kksa dks dke djus okys pkfg, rkfd iSnkb'k gks] VSDl vkrs jgs]a [kjhn c<+s vkSj cw<+ksa dh ns[kHkky ds
fy, iSlk Hkh pkfg,A eryc if'pe dks eqlyekuksa dh t+:jr gSA ikBd bl ckr ij Hkh fopkj djsa fd
bl fopkj ds foijhr] Hkkjr dh c<+rh vkcknh ls pqudj cgqr lkjs dke djus okys vkSj dkfcy yksxksa
dks ys ysus ls if pe dks fdruk T;knk Qk;nk gksxk vkSj [krjk dqN Hkh ugh! gk] if'pe dks vkSj
êqgEen vV~Vk* ugha pkfg,A ;g 9@11 dk gokbZ geykoj gSEcxZ esa i<+k vkSj dqjku ds ikB Hkh mruh gh vklkuh
ls lh[krk jgk tSls daI;wVj dk izkx
s zkeA mldh ijofj'k rks dqN iaFkfujis{k rjhds ls gqb]Z felz ls bathfu;j cuk]
vkxs teZuh ls vkxs dh i<+kbZ dhA fQj Hkh ,slk yxrk gS fd vV~Vk bLyke ds autocratic interpreter
,dra=h; ok dks fdlh Hkh rjg dk loky ugha dj ldrk FkkA ij if'peh ns'kksa dks ,sls eqlyeku pkfg, tks
dM+s loky iwNAsa vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn dks pykus dk ;gh rks edln gSA D;k gesa ml oDr dk bUrt+kj djuk pkfg,
tc yk[kksa eqlyeku vkLVfs y;k] teZuh] fczVus ;k vesfjdh psdiksLVkas ij HkhM+ yxk, [kM+s gksx
a s \ viuh fgQktr ds
fy, fdruk vPNk gksxk vxj ;gha vkus okys eqlyeku ;g tkurs gksa fd bLyke dks dbZ ,sls rjhdksa ls ns[kk
le>k tk ldrk gS ftlls cgqiFa kokn iui ld]s uk fd mldk ne ?kqV tk,A ;gh ns[kuk gS fd dSls ge eqfLye
nqfu;k esa lq/kkj dSls cks,]a 'kq: djsAa
vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn dh 'kq#vkr gksxh eqfLye vkSjrksa dks **O;kikjh** cukus dh rkdr nsdjA caxykns'k ds
eqgEen ;quql ;gh dke 1980 ls dj jgs gSaA mUgksaus ;g fn[kk fn;k gS fd FkksM+h lh enn fey tk, rks
eqfLye vkSjrsa dke 'kq: dj ldrh gSaA
;quwl us xzkeh.k cSd
a dh LFkkiuk dh ftldk mn~n's ; Fkk fd NksV&
s NksVs dtsZ nsdj ,sls yksxksa dh enn dh
tk, ftUgsa vke cSd
a yksu ugha nsr]s ftuesa cgqrk;r esa vkSjrsa gksrh gSAa ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj rhu djksM+ nl yk[k
yksx ftuesa rhu pkSFkkbZ vkSjrsa gSa vkSj nks&frgkbZ ,sls yksx ftudh fxurh xjhcksa ds Hkh uhps gksrh gS] yksu ik pqds
gS]a og Hkh pkyhl ns'kksa esAa
tcls xzkeh.k cSd
a [kqyk gS] mlus dbZ dtsZ ,sls yksxksa dks fn, gSa tks gj pht+ cukrs gSa tSls eksecfRr;ka] J`x
a kj
dh pht+]sa McyjksVh] nkys]a ePNjnkfu;ka vkSj rks vkSj eksckby Qksu Hkh vkSj fdrus yksxksa us viuk yksu okfil fd;k\
vius gh xkao dk uke [kjkc u gks ;gh lksp dj 98 izfr'kr yksu okfil vk x, gSAa vc viuk gquj ,slh ckrksa esa
yxkuk fdruk vPNk gSA blh ckr ij ;g Hkh tku ysa fd ckaXykns'k ds gh baMfLV;y MsoyiesVa cSd
a dks tks fd
flQZ izkWiVhZ okyksa dks gh yksu nsrk gS] muls yksu ysus okys dsoy 10 izfr'kr yksxksa us gh yksu okfil fd;k gSA vc
D;k budk eqdkcyk gksxkA ikBd tkurs gh gksaxs] lu~ 2006 dk ukscsy iqjLdkj eqgEen ;wuql vkSj xzkeh.k
cSad dks feyk gSA
vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn 'kq: djus ds fy, ,d [;ky ;g gS & vesfjdk] ;wjksi] dukMk] vkLVfs y;k] tkiku vkSj
muds vkSj vehj lkFkh vius lqj{kk ctV esa ls cgqr NksVk&lk fgLlk fudky dj mlls ,d ,slk izkx
s zke cuk,a&tks
dsoy NksVs m|ksxksa ds fy, iwjs eqfLye nqfu;k ds vkSjrksa dks ns nsAa
;g dksbZ lkezkT;oknh fopkj ugha gSA fdlh ij Hkh yksu ysus ds fy, tksj ugha gksxkA mUgha vkSjrksa dh enn
dh tk,xh tks le>rh gSa fd muds lekt es@
a xkao esa ,slh t:jr gS tks fd og vius gquj ;k yxu ls iwjh dj
ldrh gSAa blds fy, lcls cM+h felky rks ;gh gS ftlls ;quql dks xzkeh.k cSd
a pkyw djus dh izsj.kk feyhA xkao
dh ,d vkSjr tks ckl ds ew<+s cukrh Fkh] mlus ;quql dks dgk fd lkeku [kjhnus ds fy, mls iSls m/kkj feyrs Fks]
ij mlh vkneh ls tks ew<+s cu tkus ij [kjhnrk FkkA vc ogh m/kkj nsxk] vkSj ogh ew<+ksa dk nke r; djsxk rks
ml vkSjr dks fnu ds cl nks&,d #i;s fey tkrs Fksa vc ,slh vkSjrksa dks NksVk&lk yksu nsdj mUgsa vxj bl
xqykeh ls NqVdkjk fey tk, rks blesa dgk gS lkezkT;okn \ O;kikj ls bLykeh rgthc dh iqjkuh nksLrh gSA dqjku
esa Hkh dgk gS] ^ôg tc dqN u;k iSnk djsa rc gh mlls fy;k tk,**A
2002 esa UN la;
q jkV dh rjQ ls vjc bUlkuh MsoyiesVa fjiksVZ tkjh fd;k x;kA bl dk 'kks/k dk;Z
vkSj fy[kuk nksuksa vjcksa us gh fd;k FkkA blesa fefMy&bZLV e/; iwoZ dh ljdkjksa ij vius gh vk/ks fgLls dks iwjh
rjg ukdke djus dk vkjksi yxk;k Fkk] mudh gh vkSjrksa usA mUgksua s rhu [kkl dfe;ksa ij t+ksj fn;k FkkA igyk]
vkSjrksa dks rkdrOkj vkSj dke;kc cukuk] nwljk tkudkjh vkSj rhljk vkt+knhA vxj igyh deh ij gh /;ku nsdj
44
mls csgrj cuk nsa rks vius vki tkudkjh vkSj vkt+knh c<+ tk,xhA lHkh vkSjrksa ds iSlksa ds ekeyksa esa vkt+knh
feyus ls mudh vkt dh ?kqVu Hkjh ftUnxh [kRe gksxh vkSj og lk{kj Hkh cusx
a hA blls Qk;nk ;g gksxk fd og
[kqn tku ysx
a h fd dqjku D;k dgrk gS vkSj mUgsa **nwljs** dgsa vkSj os lqus ;g ugha djuk iM+x
s kA
vki dgsx
a s rqEgsa dSls ekywe fd vkSjrksa dks bl i<+u&
s fy[kus dh ckr esa fnypLih gS \ vQxkfuLrku esa ns[kk
x;k gS fd dbZ cw<+h vkSjrsa ftuesa dqN eqgkftj Hkh Fkha vc mUgha esa ls dqN toku vkSjrksa ds pyk, Ldwyksa esa i<+us
tkrh gSAa rkfycku ds oDr esa Hkh ;s Nqi&Nqi ds pyk, tkrs jgsA ,d cqf<+;k us dgk] eSa ;g ns[kuk pkgrh gwa
fd eqYykth dqjku ds ckjs esa tks dgrs gSa og lgh gS ;k ughaA blfy, i<+ jgh gwA vxj blh vkSjr dk
viuk dke gksrk rks mls i<+us dh vkSj Hkh t+:jr gksrhA dqjku esa ,d ,slk fgLlk gS ftls beke yksx fupys rcdksa
dks dqN crkrs gh ughaA dqjku esa vkSjrksa dks viuh ethZ ds eqrkfcd 'kknh dk djkjukek cukus dk vfkdkj gSA dgk
gS] ^^vxj vkSjr dks mldk ifr cqjh rjg j[ks] rks mlds fy, nksuksa dh gkeh ls lqyg gksuh pkfg, D;ksfa d lqyg gh
vPNk gSA yksx ykyp esa vk tkrs gSAa ** gks ldrk gS fd vkt ds djkjukessa bl ckr dks Hkh 'kkfey dj ys]a tSls &
esjk 'kkSgj eq>is gkFk u mBk,] u gh esjh dekbZ ij ut+j j[ksA vxj ,slk fd;k rks mls cqjk j[kko ekuk tk,xk
vkSj eq>s mls rykd nsus dk gd gksxkA vc mlds NksVs ls dtsZ ysus ls dgk rd gkSalys c<+ x, gSAa tks mls
Nhuus dh dksf'k'k djsxk mls dqjku ds lkFk ckrphr djuh gksxh vkSj 'kknh ds igys fd;k djkj Hkh gksxk ftls
'kfj;k ds tt Hkh Vky ugha ldrsA
vknfe;ksa dks Hkh vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn ls lh/kk Qk;nk gksxkA lc rjQ QSys vius gh dkeksa ls ckgjh iSlk Hkh
vk tk,xkA tc ckgjh iSls bu dkeksa esa yx tk,axs rks vke yksxksa dk QkSt] iqfyl vkSj ljdkjh egdeksa ij fuHkZj
ugha jguk iM+x
s kA ;gh rhu rkdrssa gSa ftuesa eqfLye yksx vkt iukg ysuk pkgrs gSAa ,d vesfjdh usrk us dgk Fkk
^^vkneh dh [kqnn~ kjh Hkh vkSjr dh [kqnn~ kjh ij fuHkZj djrh gSA** ,sls lekt ftuesa vkSjrksa dk rcdk cgqr uhpk
gksrk gS ogka vkneh Hkh vkneh dh gh lsok djrk gSA m|eh vkSjrksa esa iSlk yxkdj ge og lekt dh csfM+;ka rksM+
ldrs gS]a ftlls eqYykvksa dh jbZlh rks c<+rh gh gS vkSj muds ij okys iSls ckVus okyksa dh HkhA
bLyke dks mnkj cukus esa vkijs'ku bfTrgkn dkQh Qk;nsena yxrk gSA ij ;g ok;nk Hkh yM+[kM+kdj
vkf[kj esa yq<d
+ gh tk,xk] vxj bLyke esa ogh bUlkuh vfkdkjksa ds ckjs esa ckj&ckj dgk tk, fd vkneh gh
mlds ifjokj dk j[kokyk vkSj j[kus okyk gksxkA blh ls vkSjrksa dks dqN iSlk dekus dh eukgh gks tkrh gSA eSa
iwjk ;dhu j[krh gwa fd tc [kq'kgkyh gksxh] ;k mldh mEehn gksxh] rc vknfe;ksa ds lgkjs gh pyuk de gks
tk,xkA dqN felkysa nsuk pkgwx
a h fd dqN dke djds ftUnxh cuk,a] bl ckr ds fy, fdruk dqN dj ldrs gSAa
igys ,d nnZ Hkjh dgkuhA lu~ 1997 esa bLykfe;ksa us felz esa 58 lSykfu;ksa dks dRy dj fn;kA igys Hkh
NqViqV okjnkrsa gksrh jgha] ij bl gknls us felz ds lSykuh dkjksckj dks xgjh pksV igqpkbZA lky esa djhc nks vjc
MkWyjksa dh deh gks xbZA ;g eglwl djus ij felz dh voke dk eu vkradokfn;ksa ls gV x;k vkSj ,d iqjkuk
dkuwu fQj ls mHkjkA lksyg lky igys ;g bejtsalh dkuwu et+gch vkradokfn;ksa dks dkcw esa djus ds fy, cuk;k
x;k FkkA ;g rks cM+s 'keZ dh ckr gS fd ;g MaMk vc flQZ rkdr ds nykyksa dk gfFk;kj cuk gSA ij esjk bl ckr
ls eryc bruk gh Fkk fd tc vkradokn ls lekt dh vFkZO;oLFkk yM+[kM+k tk, rks felz us vkradokfn;ksa dks gh
/kedk;kA
fQj Hkh bu jsfxLrkuh bLyke ds canksa dh rjdhcksa dk iwjk vankt+ gS eq>As ,d osclkbV gS ^^bLykeh dkuwu ds
uhps jgus okyh vkSjrs*a * ftlesa dgk gS] fd bu cqfu;knh tuwu okyksa us vkt ds u, rjhdksa dk bLrseky c[kwch
fd;k gSA ckt+kjksa esa lLrs vkSj lh/kslkns yxus okys dSlVs ksa dh ck<+ yxh gSA gj eqfLye lekTk esa ;g izpkj gksrk gS
fd cjkcjh vkSj vius vki ljdkj pykuk bu if'peh fopkjksa dk fojks/k djks] vkSjrksa dks dkcw esa j[kksA vkSj rks vkSj
buesa lcdks mdlk;k tkrk gS fd pkgs t+kjs t+cjnLrh djks] pkgs vius nq'euksa dks dRy dj nksA ;g dSlVs turk
dks clksa es]a efLtnksa ds ykmM Lihdjksa ij vkSj jsfM;ksa ij Hkh t+ksj&t+ksj ls lquk, tkrs gSAa
yscuku ds vy&eukj Vh oh pSuy ij ;gwfn;ksa ds f[kykQ dke djus dh flQkfj'k gksrh gSA buds
,d izkx
s zke ds t+fj, ;gwfn;ksa ds lkjs ehfM;k ij ut+j j[kh tkrh gS] rkfd muds QkSth rjhdksa dk inkZQk'k dj
ldsAa
ehfM;k dk bLrseky djuk] ;g Hkh vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn dk ,d vge igyw gksxkA blds fy, t+:jh gS fd
if'pe dh rjQ ls mUgha pSuyksa dks lgkjk ;k enn feys tks eqfLye vkSjrksa dh dgkfu;ka mUgha dh t+cq kuh lquk,aA
bl rjg dk izkx
s zke dbZ fnuksa ls :l esa esa pyk;k x;k] ftlls vc ogka ntZuksa Vhoh usVodZ py jgs gSa vkSj gj
lksfo;r ukxfjd dbZ pSuyksa esa ls pqudj [kcjsa lqurk gSA
D;ksa u ,slk djsa fd ,d laxBu [kM+k djsa ftlesa eqfLye Hkh vkSj xSj&eqfLye Hkh 'kjhd gksa vkSj og bLykeh
nqfu;k dh vkSjrksa dks Vh oh LVs'ku 'kq: djus vkSj pykus dh dkjZokbZ djs vkSj bls c<+kok ns ldrh gS ^vksizk
fouh*A vksizk dks rks rtqckZ gS] fgEer Hkh vkSj og vkSjrksa ds vkSj cPpksa ds f'k{kk ds ckjs esa fnypLih j[krh gSA
45
vksizk dks fdlh us crk;k Fkk fd ^^pkgs u pkgs vkids ekStnw jgus ls gh gypy gks tkrh gSA** vkSj vc rks Vh oh
Hkh cgqr c<+ jgk gS] lsVy
s kbV fM'k gj txg fey tkrh gSA bLykeh dkSeksa esa HkhA tks dke NikbZ e'khu us bZlkb;ksa
ds tdM+s gq, bYe ds fy, fd;k Fkk ogh dke ;g [kkl pSuysa bLyke ds fy, dj ldrh gSAa
blds fy, 'kq: esa jsfM;k gh lcls vPNk jgsxkA ckr igqp tk,xh] ij psgjk ugha fn[ksxkA 'kq#vkr esa rks
cksyus okys dh igpku fNikuh iM+x
s hA fQj dqN yksx rks dgsx
a ]s êqgEen lkgc Hkh pkgrs Fks fd vkSjrsa Hkkxhnkj gksa
u fd ukSdjA dqN yksx dgsx
a s fd ^[knhtk* tks eqgEen lkgc dh igyh choh Fkh og muls iUnzg lky cM+h Fkh
vkSj ,d jbZl O;kikjh Fkh] [kqn dh dkfcfy;r ij cuhA mUgha ds dgus ij vYykg dks rlyhe djus ij Hkh og
mUghsa ls lykg Hkh ysrs FksA tks Hkh gks] lp ;k >wB ij eq>s ;dhu gS fd vkSj Hkh eqlyekuksa dh rjg ;g t+:j
ns[kuk lquuk ilan d:axh fd [kqys fopkjksa ls D;k lp gS vkSj D;k ughaA bl ij [kqyh cgl jsfM;ks&Vhoh ij gksA
ukbthfj;k dh MkW- vk,'kk beke dgrh gS]a ^^,sls cgl t+:j gksuh pkfg, rkfd yksx u, 'kjh;r ds dkuwu ds l[rh
;k dfe;ksa ds ckjs esa vius [;ky rks crk ldsAa ml ij lgh xyr Vhdk gks tkuk Bhd gS cfuLCkr blds fd gesa
rks ekywe gh ugha] dSls cksysa \** bldk eryc rks ;gh gS fd 'kd ;k 'kqcg dh [kkst djus ij gh dqN vius vki
ij ;dhu gks tkrk gS] pkgs og ,d dkedkth vkSjr gh gksA viuk 'kd t+kfgj djus ls vki dchys ls yM+ ldrs
gSAa lqkkj djrs oDr ge vxj 'kd ;k loky dh xqt
a kb'k gh u j[ksa rks og et+gc dM+s fny okyk gh ugha] dPps
fny okyk gks tk,xkA u loky dj ldrs gSa vkSj u ,slk djus dk dksbZ t+fj;k gh gksA
loky mBrk gS fd ge bLyke ls xqtkfj'k djsa gh D;ksa \ ;g rLyhek uljhu dk [;ky gS fd csgrjh
rHkh gksxh tc et+gc ihNs gVsxkA muds [;ky ls eqlyekuksa dks et+gch dkuwuksa dks gVkdj nhokuh
flfoy dkuwu yxkuk pkfg,] ftlls efLtn vkSj ljdkj iwjh rjg ls vyx gks tk,aA ij D;k ;g
t+:jh gS fd ^bUlkfu;r* ykus ds fy, bLykeh ns'kksa dks ;gwnh&bZlkb;ksa dh gh udy djuh pkfg, \ eq>s rks irk
ughaA tks gk dgrs gSa mUgsa ,d vkSj pqukSrh dk eqdkcyk djuk iM+x
s kA og gS yk[kksa vkSjrksa dks bLyke dh igpku
dk Bksl lgkjkA vHkh rks vokeh nqfu;k ls bLyke dks gVkuk 'kk;n lgh u gksxk cfYd mlls uqdlku gh gks
ldrk gSA
fjQkr gqluS tks vesfjdk es et+gch LVMht+ dh izkQ
s l
s j gS]a dgrh gSa vxj vQxkuh vkSjrksa dks iwNx
sa s D;k
vki vke bUlkuh vfkdkjksas esa ;dhu j[krh gSa \ rks og ukle>h ls flQZ ns[krh gh jg tk,axhA mls iwfN,&D;k
vki vYykg esa ;dhu j[krh gSa tks jghe] jgeku vkSj bUlkQokyk gS \ rks dgsx
a h ^^gk**A vkSj vxj iwNsa D;k ;gh
vYykg pkgsxk fd vkidh fiVkbZ gks ;k tkuojksa lk lywd gks \ rks QkSju le>dj dgsx
a h] **u**A rks blh ckr ij
gesa le> ysuk pkfg, fd D;k gesa ;g dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, fd gesa izfS DVdy gksuk iM+x
s kA D;k ge pkgrs ugha fd
;s vkSjrsa vius gd ds fy, mB [kM+h gksa & ;k ogh xSj&et+gch fjokt+ksa esa ?kqVrh jgsa & muds lkFk ukbUlkQh gks]
og /kks[kk [kk tk,a \
lHkh i<+h&fy[kh vkSjrksa rfLyek dh rjg ugha lksprhA ,d odhy lkfgck ls eqykdkr gqbAZ og blfy,
dukMk vk xbZ] fd viuh ethZ ls viuk et+gc bf[r;kj djsAa mlds vius ns'k V~;fw uf'k;k esa ekWMuZ gksus ds gksM+
esa viuk flj <d dj pyuk euk gSA ij dukMk esa og vius eu eqrkfcd flj <d ds pyrh gS] dksbZ ugha
jksdrkA ,slh vkSjr dks feydj eSa blh ekeys dks lksprh jghA bLyke vkSj ifpeh fopkjksa dk vkilh rkyesy
cgqr uktqd gSA ;s ckrsa lsdy
q j fnekx dks 'kk;n ilan u vk,a ij /;ku ls lquAsa vius fopkj [kqydj lkeus ykuk]
et+gc dks [kqydj viukuk nksuksa dh vkil esa yM+kbZ ugha gSA ge ^lq/kkj* ds fy, bLyke dks gh nck nsa rks og Hkh
,d tqYe gksxkA
vjch eqfLye ns'kksa esa tEgwfj;r py lds mlds igys ogk dqN ,slk ekgkSy iSnk gksuk pkfg, tgk fopkjksa dk
vkilh eqdkcyk gksA tSlk eSa dgrh vkbZ gw] bLyke ds ^nwljs* rjhds Hkh jsfxLrku ls VDdj ys ldrs gSAa ij mlds
igys ogh u, fopkj lcdks ekywe rks gks]a mu ij cgl gks] mUgsa mNkyk tk,] ij[kk tk, vkSj fQj og ilan gks
ldrs gSAa
eSa le> ldrh gwa fd rfLyek ,slk D;ksa lksprh gSa fd flQZ ^lsdy
q j* gksus esa gh c<+us dh mEehn gSA og ;gh
lksprh gS fd ge bLyke dk fQj lgkjk ysrs gSa rks mlh ds ?kqVuokys ncko dks Hkh ekuuk gh iM+x
s kA lqurh gw vkSj
blfy, eSua s dbZ yksxksa ls ckrphr dh&lHkh dkj ds lkbUl okys lHkh fopkj okys lksprs gSa fd ge bUlku D;ksa
thr ds ihNs gh Hkkxrs gSa & lkFk&lkFk jgus ds ctk,A
eSua s ,d iz;ksx fd;kA ,d isij esa ,d QthZ fpV~Bh ;kflj vjkQkr ds uke fudkyh] ftleas lq>ko Fkk fd
vxj lkjs gh t+ehu dks lk>s esa j[ksa rks fQfyLrhu esa eqlyeku viuh bTtr] igpku vkSj 'kf[l;r dk;e j[k
ldsx
a As eSua s ;g Hkh felky nh Fkh fd jlwy eqgEen tc eDdk ls enhuk x, rks og Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd
*fgtjk* FkkA ^^viuh txg NksM+ dj nwljh txg cldj fgQktr <w<a uk** dgyk,xkA enhus ds ;gwnh yksx igys ls
gh ogk jgrs FksA ij mUgksua s viuh t+ehu jlwy lkgc vkSj muds yksxksa ds lkFk lk>s esa j[khA vc ;kflj lkgc]
46
bfrgkl ls dqN lh[k yksA vxj ;gwnh Hkh tqY+ e ls rax vkdj fQyhLrhu vk x, gSa rks D;k muds lkFk ckVuk lgh
ugha gksxk \ ogh fgtz okyh ckr myVdj gks tkrh eSua s lkspk 'kk;n blhls dqN lqy>u gksA
nwljs fnu mlh v[kckj esa ,d ukeh eqlyeku dh fpV~Bh NihA dgk Fkk] ^^fgtz dk eryc viuh txg
NksMd
+ j nwljh txg cldj fgQkt+r <w<a uk gS gh] ij og ubZ txg ds jfgokfl;ksa ls mUgsa cqykok feys & rHkh gks]
t+ksjtcjnLrh ls ughaA eka>h lkfgck us vkf[kj dk fgLlk NksM+ fn;kA** mudk [kkl edln Fkk fd vjcksa us
;gwfn;ksa dks fQfyLrhu esa vkus dk U;kSrk rks ugha fn;k FkkA blhfy, blesa fgtz dk dksbZ yxko ugha gks ldrkA
mlh ds nwljs fnu ,d ;gwnh us tokc fn;k] ^^tks eqlyeku dgrs gSa fd og ;gwfn;ksa ls igys ogk Fks] mUgsa
;kn fnyk nwa fd vczkge vkSj lkjk gsczku esa gh jgrs Fks vkSj rc eqgEen lkgc ds iSnk gksus esa Hkh cgqr oDr
FkkA**
fdlh u fdlh rjg ls ge pkgrs gSa fd ge gh lgh gksAa eSa Hkh pkgrh gwA
ij D;k vki lgh gS]a blhfy, eSa xyr gw \
;gh loky iwNk Fkk eSua s MsfoM gkVZeku ls tks ,d ;gwnh jCch gSAa mUgksua s myV loky fd;k] D;k esjk gksuk]
;k esjh ftUnxh rqEgkjh ftUnxh ds fy, dksbZ [krjk gS \ vkSj vkxs cksy]s eq>s rks eqlyekuksa dh vtku vPNh yxrh
gSA gk lqcg pkj cts eq>s txk Rkks nsrh gS] ij loZ/keZ ds fy, eSa uhan NksM+ ldrk gwA tc jfookj dks ppZ dh
?kafV;ka ctrh gSa rks eSa dgrk gw fd ctk, tkvks csVk] Bhd gSA
rc eq>s ,d >Vdk lk yxkA viuk et+gc gh ,d otg gS ftlus blzkby ds ;gwfn;ksa dks vius gh mdlkus
okys vkSj dbZ vjch lkkvksa ls lqjf{kr j[kk gSA ;gwnh et+gc bLyke ;k bZlkbZ et+gcksa ls fujkyk gh
gS&dgha Hkh /kekZUrj.k dh ckr ugha gksrhA dgha Hkh og ugha dgrs fd ;gh nqfu;k dk ,d gh et+gc gSA vius
gh vlwyks]a dkuwuksa ls og fdlh dks ;gwnh cuk ugha ldrsA blhfy, og vius vkidks pqfuank dkSe dgrs gSAa ikBd
fQj lksp ysa fd fgUnw fopkj Hkh fdlh ij ncko Mkyus ;k fgUnw cukus dh lksprs Hkh ugh gSa
vc bl ij eqlyeku rks ukd fldksM+rs gSAa dgrs gSa pqfuank gaS rks vius lR; dks lkfcr djus is D;ksa rqys gSa
\ dqN Hkh gks tk,] fQj Hkh gEkkjs tSls [kkl pqus gq, yksxksa dks rks eks{k t+:j feysxkA** eaS bls cgqr xyr [;ky
le>rh gwa & ;gwnh vius vkidks ^^pqus gq,** rks dgrs gSa ij og dsoy LoxZ esa feyus okyh feBkbZ ds fy, ugha og
rks blh nqfu;k dk cks> mBkus dks rS;kj gSa vkSj og Hkh iwjh nqfu;k ds yksxksa ds fy,A vxj og viuk ftEek iwjk
djrs gSa rks mUgsa eks{k feysxk ij og blh ij fuHkZj gS fd os ftEesnkj cus jgsAa bldk eryc D;k gks x;k \ eSa rks
vke ;gwnh fopkj gh crk ldrh gw&**ftEesnkjh dk eryc gS dckbyh tqjZr dk eqdkcyk djukA**
dHkh&dHkh blzkbyh usrk ftEesnkjh ds Hkh vkxs pys tkrs gS&
a ij ge eqlyeku mudh dnz gh ugha djrsA
blzkbyh leFkZdksa dh ,d jSyh esa vesfjdk ds MsI;qVh fMQsUl lsVs jh mi&j{kk&lfpo us vius Hkk"k.k es dgk]
^êklwe fQfyLrhuh cqjh gkyr esa gS]a vkSj cM+h rknkr esa ej Hkh jgs gSAa ** dbZ yksxksa us mudh ckr dh fuank Hkh dhA
mlh ij ^nqfu;kbZ ;gwnh dkaxzsl* ds izkku us cM+h uezrk ls fy[kk] ^^ftUgksua s bl ckr ij ukjkt+xh t+kfgj dh] mUgsa
'keZ vkuh pkfg,A** mUgsa ;gwnh fdrkc esa ls dgkuh crkus dh t+:jr gSA tc ;gwnh yky leqnz ikj dj jgs Fks] rc
mudk ihNk djus okys felz ds flikgh Mwcus yxsA rc Qfj'rs ml ij [kq'kh t+kfgj djus yxs rks ;gksokg ;gqfn;ksa
ds Hkxoku us mUgsa cksyk] ^^;s Hkh rks esjs gh yksx gS*a *A fQyhLrhuh bl feMy&bZLV e;&iwoZ dh yM+kbZ esa ej jgs
gSAa esjh lgkuqHkwfr rks blzkbfy;ksa ds fy, gS gh] ij ge lcdks bl ckr dk vglkl gksuk pkfg, fd fQyhLrhuh Hkh
,d bUlkuh tk gSA**
;gh vglkl] tks ^^nwljks*a * dks Hkh igpkurk gS] mlh dh otg ls fczrkfu;k ds iqjkus jCch us cgqr vPNh ckr
dghA dgrs gS]a ^^;gksokg gh QdZ iSnk djrk gSA blh ls ge ls tks QdZ j[krk gS mlesa Hkh gesa Hkxoku~ dks gh ikrs
gSAa et+gc dh lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS fd geas tks gekjs tSlk ugha gS mlesa Hkh Hkxoku~ dh lwjr ns[kuh pkfg,A** bl
ckr ij Hkh dM+h ckrsa dgh xbZa ij og bl ckr dks ugha NksM+rs fd QdZ Hkh ifo= gS] lPpkbZ ds ckjs esa flQZ ;gwnh
et+gc gh vk[kjh ckr ugh crk ldrsA
eSa ;gwfn;ksa dh bUlkfu;r ij bruk D;ksa t+kjs ns jgh gw \ D;ksfa d eSa mEehn djrh gw fd vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn esa
fdrkc okys rhuksa et+gc ;gwnh] blkbZ vkSj eqfLye vkil esa feydj ckrsa djsx
a s vkSj bl ckrphr ls vxj dqN
gkfly gksrk gS rks bls ;gwfn;ksa ds gh [kqyis u ds vankt+ esa pykuk iM+x
s kA ;g fdrkch [kqykiu ugha gS ij tSls
jCch gkVZeu us dgk Fkk] vczkge ds Hkxoku ds vanj gjne u;kiu vkSj dqN ckrsa Hkh gksrh gSAa ;kuh ,slk Hkxoku
ftldh ethZ dk ge vankt+k ugha yxk ldrs& Hkfo;ok.kh ugha dj ldrsA
vjch eqlyeku 'kk;n ,slh ckrsa cjnk'r u dj ik,aA ey;sf'k;k ds iqjkus kkuea=h us ;gh lq>k;k FkkA
dqv
a kykyEiwj esa lkjh dkSeksa dh ,d ehfVax esa egk/khj eqgEen us dgk Fkk] **bLyke dh ckxMksj vc vjcksa ds
gkFk ugha gks ldrh] D;ksafd og xSj&eqlyekuksa ls ckr dSls djsa ;g ugha tkursA**
47
buds lkFk yxs baMksufs 'k;k es]a tks nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k eqfLye ns'k gS] yk[kksa yksxksa us ckyh esa gq, bLykeh
ce /kekds dh tedj fuank dh FkhA ,f'k;k ds bl fgLls esa bLyke dk pyu ,sls ekgkSy esa gS tgka phuh] Hkkjrh;]
ey;sf'k;kbZ] ckS)] bZlkbZ lkFk&lkFk jgrs gq, dke djrs gSAa
,slh gh gkyrs gS e/; ,f'k;k ds d>kfdLrku esAa ogk jkt rks gqDdke djrs gSa ij djhcu lkS fdLe ds yksx
ogk clrs gSAa ogk lsdy
q j ljdkj pykuk iM+rk gS vkSj mnkj lwfQ;ksa dk Hkh cksyckyk gSA ;gwfn;ksa dh ogk ,d
cM+h dkWUSal gqbZ ftldh ljdkj us estc+ kuh dh FkhA blesa ;gwnh&bLyke feydj kkafr ds fy, ckrsa djrs jgsAa
vxj bLyke dk dystk jsfxLrkuh vjcksa ls rkdroj gS vkSj mls oSls gh dk;e j[k ldrs gSa rks ,f'k;k ds
eqlyeku viuh rkd+r vkSj gksfk;kjh fn[kk ldrs gSAa
vxj bu et+gcksa ds chp dqN ckrphr gksuh gS rks] esjk ,d 'kd ;k loky gSA buesa dHkh /kks[kk Hkh gks
ldrk gSA vjch nqfu;k ds vge bLykeh vy&vtgj efLtn ds 'ks[k lkgc gSa lS;n rkarkohA bUgksua s gh ;gwfn;ksa
dks dgk Fkk] ^^vYykg ds nq'eu] lwvj vkSj canjksa dh vkSyknA** vkSj dgk Fkk] ^êqlyekuksa dks ,Veh gfFk;kj gkfly
djus gh pkfg, rkfd blzkbyh /kedh dk tokc ns ldsAa **
vc bu 'kCnksa dks fdlh ikxy cw<+s dh cdokl dg dj ugha Vkyk tk ldrkA veu dh ckrsa tc ftUnk Fkha
rc Hkh 'ks[k lkgc blzkby ds vkyk jCch ls dkfgjk esa feys FksA loky iwNus ij 'ks[k lkgc cksy]s ^^bu eqykdkrksa ls
t+:j Qk;nk gksrk gSA eSua s rks mu ij geyk djds ;g lkfcr dj fn;k fd bLyke gh lPpk et+gc gSA nq'eu ls
feydj mls ,d rekpk yxkus ds ekSds ls ihNs gVus okyk rks ,d Hkh: gh gqvkA**
tc rhu et+gcksa dh ehfVax gksxh rc ;gh ekgkSy jgk rks D;k gksxk \ ;k ,sls Hkk"k.k flQZ vjcksa ds fy, gh
a ]s rks mUgksua s eq>
gSa \ tc eSua s ^rhu et+gc Qksje* dks loky fd;k D;k ;g tgjhyh tcku okys 'ks[k uqekbUns gksx
ls ckr gh can dj nhA bLyke esa lq/kkj pkgus okyksa dks pkfg, fd os nqgjh ckrsa djus okyksa ls yM+kbZ djs]a vxj
dqN gkfly djuk gSA ;g rks et+gcksa ds chp ckrphr djus ds ikj tkuk gSA
eSa et+gcksa ds chp ^^lh/kh ckrks*a * dh nqfu;k dk fp= ns[k ldrh gAw lcls igys gesa dM+k #[k ysrs gq,
lnh vjc ds ckjs esa okn&fookn djuk gksxk & tgk nksgjh ckrksa dk vM~Mk gSA ;g fopkj fo'ofo|ky;ksa
esa gksuk pkfg, fdUrq ogk rks fo|kFkhZ vkSj izkQ
s l
s j igys gh blzkbZy dks dkVus ds fy, rS;kj [kM+s gS]a ijarq lnh
vjc ds vius js'keh Qjsc dks pyus nsrs gSAa mkjh vejhdk esa oYMZ vlsEcyh vkWQ eqfLye ;wFk (WAMY)
uke dh laLFkk gS tks lnh vjc ds iSls ls pyrh gS] ;g dbZ fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa ipsZ ckVrh jgrh gSA
bUgha esa ,d gS ^^bLyke esa ekuoh; vf/kdkj** ftuesa bLykeh ns'kksa esa D;k&D;k eatfw j;k fey ldrh gS]a bldk
ehBk&ehBk o.kZu gSA vc vkidks tqYe ds f[kykQ vkokt+ mBkus dk vf/kdkj gks ldrk gSA dgus ls og vfkdkj
fey rks ugha tkrkA bu ipksZa esa pkSng vkt+kfn;ksa ds xhr xk, tkrs gSa ftuesa csyxke dSn ls lqj{kk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
ij vxj vkidks ^f'k;k eqlyeku* dg dj igys gh fu'kkus ij j[kk x;k gks rks fQj vkidks gqbZ dSn dkuwu ds
ckgj rks ugha gqb]Z u \ tSlk igys dg pqdh gw] lnh vjc esa f'k;kvksa dks csjgeh ls nck;k tkrk gSA
WAMY ds blh ipZs esa vge vkt+knh ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS & ^^dkuwu ds vkxs cjkcjhA** ysfdu vxj dkuwu
[kqn HksnHkko dh vkKk nsrk gks tks dsoy oQk fu"Bk ;k fyaxHksn ij vk/kkfjr gks & rks D;k gksxk \
ogh ^cjkcjh* dh O;k[;k gksxhA ,slh fLFkfr lnh vjc esa gS tgk dkuwuu ,d vkSjr viuk dksbZ Hkh
O;kikj ;k is'kk ugha dj ldrh gS vkSj og ges'kk ûkckfyx* gh jgsxhA bldk lkQ eryc gS fd vxj
dksbZ tknw gks x;k vkSj lkjs ^ckfyx* lfn;ksa dks er dk vf/kdkj feyk] rks fQj Hkh og flQZ vknfe;ksa dks gh
feysxkA vkxs WAMY vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa dgrk gS] ^^vkSjrksa ds lkFk vR;kpkj ugha gksuk pkfg,] muds lEeku vkSj
ifo=rk dh Hkh gj gky esa j{kk djuh pkfg,A** vc ;gh lEeku dk tquuw tc [kqn gh vR;kpkj djrk gks rc D;k
djsa \ tks i<+ jgs gS]a og rks cl vR;kpkjksa dks gh lgh Bgjkus dh dksf'k'ks gSAa ^ln~fopkj vkSj fo'okl dh vkt+knh
vkSj et+gch Hkkoukvksa dh j{kk^ bu 'kCnksa esa ,slh gh gkFk dh lQkbZ fn[krh gSA WAMY rks bls nqgjkrk gh jgk
gS vkSj jsfxLrkuh bLyke gj dne ij jkSna rk jgrk gSA ;s tks fo|kFkhZ vkSj v;kid gSa tks vius vkidks cM+s
fopkjd ekurs gS]a mudk eSa vkg~oku djrh gw fd bu lnh eqlkgcksa ls VDdj ysa tks fd bu
myVh&lh/kh ckrkas esa ekfgj gSaA
tks ;gwnh] bZlkbZ vkSj eqlyeku fo|kFkhZ gSa muds fy, bu ^lh/kh ckrks*a dk eryc gks ldrk gS fd ,d
^vczkfgeh gTt* esa eDdk pys tk,aA vczkge bu et+gcksa ds tUenkrk gh ugha ,d jlwy izfs "kr Fks] dgrs gSa fd
mUgksua s dkck dk m)kj fd;k FkkA D;k dgk \ flQZ eqlyeku gh ^dkck* ij izkFkZuk dj ldrs gSa \ fQj eqlyeku
D;k gSa blh dh O;k[;k djuh gksxhA
dqN jkst+ igys et+gcksa ij gks jgs pSV varjrkuk ij okrkZyki lqu jgh Fkh ftlesa bl fo"k; esa Hkh dqN
[kqykiu eglwl fd;kA bl ckrphr esa ,d eqlyeku us ;gwnh ls dgk ^^rqe ;gwnh gks] bLyke dk oSls rks ikyu
48
ugha djrs gks] ij eSa rqEgsa Hkh eqlyeku ekurk gw D;ksfa d rqe vius vkidks [kqnk ds gokys djrs gks vkSj mldh vkKk
dk ikyu djrs gksA 'kk;n eSa ;gwnhokn ds ut+nhd gw vkSj rqe bLyke ds ut+nhd gks D;ksfa d ge nksuksa mlh ^,d
[kqnk* esa oQk fu"Bk j[krs gSa tks vczkge ij izdV gqvk FkkA** ,sls oknfookn] fopkj tks bl ^vczkfgeh gTt+* ls
izfs jr gksx
a s rks] ;s eDdk esa ,d ôSf'od :i* ys vk,axAs ,slk gh Loj ;:'kye] :l vkSj ftusok izkVs sLVaVksa dk
mn~xe LFkku esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vxj dgk tk, fd eDdk dh [kkl igpku dks xSj eqfLye yksxkas dh izsj.kk ls
[kjkch gksxh] rks eSa iwNrh gw] D;ksa \
bl vczkfgeh gTt+ ds izLrko ij lnh dqN Hkh djrs jgsa fdUrq mUgsa Hkh bZekunkj gksuk iM+x
s kA gk&gk
djds fQj ohlk jksd nsuk] ;g VkyeVksy T+;knk ugha pysxhA ckj&ckj mUgsa bl Ny dk tokc nsuk gh
iM+sxkA mUgsa vkg~oku nsus dk dke fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds fo|kFkhZ gh djsx
a s tks lnh vjc ij ckrphr djds bu ckrksa
ds ekfgj gks pqds gksx
a As
,d vkSj lkspus okyh ckr&vejhdh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkh vczkfgeh gTt esa bZjku ds lkFk feyki djuk pkfg,A
bZjku ds vusd fo|kFkhZ fopkjksa ls kafrdkjh gSAa os flQZ ^vejhdk eqnkZckn* ds gh ukjs ugha yxkrs] os bekeksa ds uhfr
ij ,dkf/kdkj ds f[kykQ Hkh vkokt+ mBkrs gSAa os blzkbZy ds jsfM;ks izkx
s zke Hkh lqurs gSa vkSj baVjusV varjrkuk ij
tkdj ckgjh nqfu;k ls Hkh laidZ j[krs gSAa pfw d os f'k;k gS]a blfy, os mUgsa ;g vko';drk eglwl ugha gksrh fd
lnh vjc ds lqUuh 'kkgksa dh rkjhQsa djrs jgsAa ,slk Hkh ugha gS fd bZjku esa ogk ds v;krqYyk lnh
fdLe dk vkradokn ugha QSykrsA os djrs gSa vkSj 'kk;n fgt+cksYykg muds vkHkkjh gksx
a As ij ;gh v;krqYykg gSa
ftuds f[kykQ bZjku ds fo|kFkhZ ,d l'kDr ijarq T+;knkrj vfgalkoknh vkUnksyu pyk jgs gSAa
esjs ,d mUrhl o"kZ dh vk;q ds fe= us bZjku ls gh bZ&esy djds eq>s ekfVZu ywFkj fdax twfu;j dk i= Hkstk
FkkA i= esa mlus fy[kk Fkk fd tc vkids mnkj vejhdh nksLr lnh vjc dk inkZQk'k djus ls fgpfdpk jgs gksa
bl Hk; ls fd eqlyeku ukjkt+ gks tk,ax]s rks mUgsa ywFkj ds gh fopkj lquk nsAa mlus dgk Fkk fd eSa ruko 'kCn
ls ugha MjrkA eSaus ges'kk mRikrh ruko dk fojks/k fd;k gSA ijarq ,d 'kkar] vko';d ruko Hkh gksrk gS
tks izxfr ds fy, t+:jh gksrk gSA lqdjkr us dgk Fkk fd eu esa dqN ruko t+:jh gS rkfd ge Hkqykokas]
dgkfu;kas vkSj vk/ks lp ls fudydj ,sls eqDr okrkoj.k esa tk, tgk iz'uksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj ewY;kadu
gks ldsxkA* ,sls gh ^vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn* izHkko Mky ldsxk] ;gh esjh izkFkZuk gSA
bl dke esa dqN cqfu;knh] ljy ijarq dqN /kekdsnkj fuMj loky ,sls gksx
a s tks vke turk ds lkeus j[ks
tk,axs %&
vkSjrksa dks l'kDr cukus ds fooknksa esa ^^ftl [kqnk dks mlh ds iwtus okyksa ds vk/ks iwtus okyksa ds f[kykQ
gfFk;kj cuk;k tkrk gS] D;k mlls ,sls [kqnk ls dksbZ I;kj dj ldsxk \ I;kj dk dksbZ eryc gS fd
ugha \
lkjs ehfM;k ds ckjs esa & ^^D;k vusd fdrkcsa miyC/k gksus ls dsoy Hkksxoknh vkSj ^dpjk* Vhoh ds >wBs
izpkj dks jksd yxsxh \ D;k otg gS fd fiNys ,d gt+kj lkyksa esa iwjs vjc fo'o esa dsoy mruh
gh fdrkcsa Hkk"kkUrfjr gqbZ gSa] ftruh Lisu esa gj lky Nirh gSa \ felz esa fy[kh xbZ vPNh fdrkcs]a
ftuesa eqlyekuksa esa cjnk'rxh lgu'khyrk dh rkjhQ dh xbZ gS] mUgsa og felz yk[kksa dh la[;k esa
D;ksa ugha Nki dj QSykrk \
lnh vjc ls vczkgeh gTt ds ckjs esa %& lnh vjc esa bZlkb;r dks dke djuk euk gS] ijarq ogh
lnh vjc êqfLye&bZlkbZ le> dsUnz* okf'kaxVu esa pykrk gSA ;g fdl ^le>* ds fy, pyk;k tkrk gS
vkSj blls dkSu lh lh[k mUgksua s lnh vjc vius ns'k esa ykxw dh gS \
eSa ;g rks nkok ugha djrh gw fd ;g ^/kekds* rkuk'kkgh dks ,d gh >Vds esa [kRe djsx
sa ]s ijarq dqN nsj gh
lgh] gksr&
s gksrs vlj gks gh tk,xkA ljdkjh ukyk;dh vkSj Mxexkrh tu&lsok,a ns[kdj VSDl nsus okyh vkSjrsa
dqN jksd&Vksd djsx
a hA tkucw>dj vkSjrksa ij] et+gch vYila[;dksa ij vkSj ckdh nwljksa ij gks jgs tqY+ e fNi ugha
ldrs] ijarq mtkxj djds jks'kuh esa yk;k tk,xkA c<+rs fo'okl ds lkFk loky iwNus dh rkdr Hkh c<+ tk,xh]
bu lkjh ckrksa ls eqfLye lekt yksdra= dh rjQ tkus ds fy, vPNh rjg ls rS;kj gksxkA
vk[kjh urhts ds fy, eSa ,d gh izkFkZuk djrh gw]%& ^^vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn ls nqfu;kHkj ds yksx fgEer
tqVkdj] dgha Hkh gksusokys oa'k&lagkj dks ns[k le>dj mlds et+gch dkj.kksa dks jksd ldasxsA tc rd
cgqr ckjhdh ls u ns[kk tk,] ge ;g le> gh ugha ldrs fd okgkch fopkjksa dh otg ls vjch lwMku
esa dSls tkrh; ;k et+gch fgalk iui jgh gSA ogha rks vkslkek&fcu&yknsu Bgjs Fks] vQxkfuLrku tkus ds
igysA vHkh Hkh dkQh dqN rks ekywe gS] tkp iM+rky ds fy, & ,d okrkZdkj us dgk gS] ^^lwMku esa chl yk[k
49
yksx ekjs x, gSAa gt+kjksa cs?kj gks x, gSa vkSj yxHkx ,d yk[k t+cjnLrh Hkw[ks ekj fn, x, gSAa ** ;s Hk;kud dqdR` ;
gksrs gS]a vkSj ge mUgsa gksus gh D;ksa nsrs gSa \
vkt rd fdlh Hkh varjkZ"Vh; ,tsUlh dks mldh viuh gh vO;oLFkk ls ckgj fudky dj U;k; nsus yk;d
ugha cuk;k x;k gS rkfd cM+s iSekus ij gksus okys ?k`.kkLin xqukg jksds tk ldsAa la;Dq r jk"V la?k us Hkh #vkaMk esa
tulagkj jksdus eas vfuPNk fn[kkbZA og rks lHkh Lora= ns'kksa dks yksdra= ,d tSlk gh le>rs gSaA D;k
la;Dq r jk"V la?k lnh vjc esa dHkh ^ôkgch** er dh tkp djok,xk \ vHkh tks ^varjkZ"Vh; vijk/k U;k;ky;*
cuk;k x;k gS] og Hkh xqukg gksus ds ckn gh dke djrk gS] vius vki dqN ugha djrkA tks Hkh gks]
muds ikl Hkh 2003 ds e/; rd nks lkS ekuoh; vijk/k ntZ gSaA
vkt rks et+gch mn~n's ;ksa ls fd, x, dRy dk ;gh bykt gS fd vius ns'k dh U;k;&O;oLFkk dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk,A dqN fnu igys fczVsu esa ,d eqfLye eqYyk dsk ;gwnh] fgUnw vkSj vejhfd;ksa ds dRy ds fy,
mdlkus ds tqeZ ij lt+k nh xbZA eqYyk dh i<+kbZ lnh vjc esa gqbZ FkhA baXySaM esa bl rjg dk ;g
igyk gh dsl gS&ij vkf[kjh ughaA
vc eSa ;g rks tkurh gwa fd dksVZ esa tkuk dHkh&dHkh flQZ taxy esa foyki djus tSlk yxrk gSA vkidks
;kn gksxk eqlyekuksa us kal esa ,d kfUllh ys[kd ij eqdnek nk;j fd;k ftlus bLyke dks ^csodwQ
et+gc* dgk Fkk]] oSls gh bVyh esa ,d efgyk i=dkj ds f[kykQ Hkh eqdnek nk;j fd;k x;k&D;ksafd
mlus fy[kk Fkk] ckgj ls vk, eqlyeku cgqr T+;knk cPps iSnk djrs gSa vkSj brkyoh yksx rks csodwQ
gSa] cPps cukrs gh ughaA** nksuksa eqdnes rks foQy gq,A
eSa tks lnh vjckas ds f[kykQ eqdnek nk;j djus dh ckr dj jgh gw gkss ldrk gS fd os vkidks ij
crk, nks dsl ;k lyeku #'nh vkSj rlyhek uljhu ij nk;j fd, x, dsl tSls u yxrs gksAa ijarq lfn;ksa dks
yydkjuk ewy bLyke dk fojks/k ugha gS&bjknk ;gh gS fd jsfxLrku esa Hkh vkSj rjg dk bLyke iui ldsA mUgsa
iqdkjus ls 'kk;n vkSj egklagkj #d tk, vkSj dbZ ns'kksa dh lqj{kk dk;e jgsA vc rks ;g gj ,d dk
ekeyk gS fd dqjku dh O;k[;k dSls dh tk,&vkSj dSls ugha dh tk,A
vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn ls vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi ds cM+s ns'kks]a nksuksa dk gh cgqr mPpdksfV dk Qk;nk gksxk&buds
chp dh [kkb;ka dqN de gks tk,axhA mlls lekt vkSj ckt+kj ds chp Hkh ,d lary
q u dk;e gksxkA eqfLye vkSjrksa
dks NksVs m|ksxksa esa c<+kok nsdj cgqr cM+h uhfr cusxhA vke turk ds Qk;ns leku gksx
a ]s u fd cM+s m|ksxksa ds
ftlls t:jr vkSj gol dk Hksn mtkxj gksxkA eqlyekuksa dk Hkkoh thou dk lgkjk gksxk&Hkwr dky ds fy, ejus
dk fopkj NksMd
+ jA fo'o dks'k ds ,d vFkZ'kkL=h us dgk gS ^^tgka L=h&iq#"k cjkcj gksaxs] ogha ij fodkl
vkSj vkt+knh gksaxsA tgk vkSjrsa Hkkxhnkj gksrh gSa] ogha f'k{kk] lsgr] mRiknu] lk[k vkSj 'kklu O;oLFkk
vPNs ls dke djrh gSA** vFkkZr~ Hkz"Vkpkj de gksrk gSA
dbZ yksx yxkrkj fpYykrs jgrs gS]a fd vejhdk vius rsy ds lzksr cpkdj j[kus ds fy, gh vjch eqfLye
ns'kksa esa yksdra= ij t+ksj ugha nsrkA ;fn ;g lgh Hkh gks] rks Hkh mUgsa ^vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn* esa #dkoV ugha djuh
pkfg,A mUgsa vius tkZ ds lzksr vf/kd cgqfo/k djds e/;iwoZ ds ckgj ls T;knk rsy ysuk pkfg,A ;s lzksr Hkh dbZ
gSAa ;g tku ysa fd ^rsy dh jktuhfr* esa dbZ igyw vkSj Hkh gSa & ,d ^fj;k/k dh jktuhfr* Hkh gSA
vejhdk ij Hkh nqgjk ncko gSA lnh vjc ls rsy ysuk can dj nsa rks 'kkgh vf/kdkj vkSj eqYykvksa dks nku
rks [kRe gks tk,xkA ijarq bl ls eqYykvksa dk vkt dk fo"kSyk izpkj vkSj Hkh rwy idM+dj Hk;kud gksxkA nwljh
rjQ vejhdk vxj jsfxLrkuh fopkjksa dks ubZ fn'kkvksa vkSj vkfFkZd izxfr dh rjQ ys tk,] rks dqN Qk;nk gh
gksxk] pkgs FkksM+k gks vkSj vkfgLrk gksA dqN ugha djsx
a s rks vkxs pydj vejhdk gh ugha vxf.kr vU; yksxksa ds fy,
[krjk gksxkA vjch [ktkus [kkyh rks gks gh jgs gSaA lu~ 1980 esa izfrO;fDr vk; rsbZl gt+kj Mkyj Fkh
tks vc lkr gt+kj Mkyj gh jg xbZ gSA lnh ukStoku ekewyh lh esgur dk dke djus ls drjkrs gSa
vkSj mudk f'k{kk ;k Kku dk Lrj uhpk gh jgrk gS] D;ksafd mudh i<+kbZ rks flQZ et+gch jVUr gh gSA
vjch lekt dks rsy ij fuHkZj jguk NksMu+ k iM+x
s kA vkWijs'ku bfTrgkn ls lnh vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh dbZ fn'kkvksa esa
QSyx
s h] gj bUlku dk lEeku] lqj{kk vkSj vkt+knh c<+x
as ]s [kkldj vkSjrksa dk] ftuds NksVs m|ksxksa esa c<+us ls
jsfxLrkuh bLyke tM+ksa rd fgy tk,xkA
bldh 'kq#vkr lnh vjc esa djuk t+:jh rks ugha gSA bjkd cgqr dqN dj ldrk gSA mudh lk{kjrk dk
vad e/;iwoZ esa lcls ij gSA mUgksua s vkSjrksa dks Hkh lekt esa csgrj LFkku fn;k gS ijarq ogka mudh viuh gh
eqf'dysa gSa A u, yksdra= esa viuk lafo/kku cukuk vkSj pquko djkuk] blls gh ekeys lqy>rs ugha gSAa vFkZO;oLFkk
dk 'kkafriwod
Z c<+uk t+:jh gS] rHkh rks ljdkj dks dqN vkenuh gksxh vkSj og lekt ds fy, dqN dj ldsx
a As
50
,d vkSj ckr ;kn jgsA teZuh esa ukt+hokn igys rks pquko ls gh mHkj dj vk;kA fgVyj] teZu turk ds
viekfur gksus dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k vkSj yM+kbZ ds ckn vkbZ vO;oLFkk dk nq#i;ksx djds vkxs c<+As ge bjkd dks
ml fn'kk esa c<+us ugha ns ldrsA ogk dh vkSjrsa bl fn'kk esa D;k djrh gS]a ;g fu.kkZ;d gksxkA
,d vkSj xqV gS tks bLyke dks lq/kkjus ds fy, ltx gS] og gS if'peh ns kksa ds eqlyekuA ge
;gk dh lkjh lqfo/kk,a rks ys gh jgs gS]a [kkldj fopkjA QyLo:i ;gka ds eqlyeku dqN djus dks rS;kj gSAa
51
v/;k; 8
lPpkbZ dh rkjhQ esa

lyeku #'nh us eq>s 2002 esa dgk Fkk] ^êq>s ;gh ;kn gS fd ^'kSrkfud olsZl* ds eqfLye ikBdksa ls]
[kkldj vkSjrksa ls] vusd i= vk,A fny dks fgykus okys i=ksa esa mUgksua s ^njokt+k [kksyus* ds fy, esjk 'kqf;k vnk
fd;kA** ;g Hkkouk rks eSa Hkh tkurh gwA grkHkj igys lq/kkj ds Hkw[ks eqlyekuksa dk VksjaVks esa lEesyu
gqvkA T+;knkrj vkSjrksa us ^fgt+kc* cqdkZ ugha iguk FkkA ij bLyke ds ^vkxs D;k* vkSj mlesa mudh
D;k txg gksxh blh dh mUgsa fQ FkhA
fonzksgh eqnzk esa ,d lTtu Hkk"k.k ns jgs Fks] ^êsjh ykbczsjh esa 30]000 fdrkcksa dh D;k t+:jr gS \ D;k
lkjh fdrkcsa ,d gh ckr dgrh gSa \ ge eqlyeku viuh ekufld fojklr dks ,sls ns[krs gSa tSls gj fdrkc cl
ogh ^lh/kk lp* dgs tks fd bLyke gS] vkSj mlds vkxs dqN Hkh ughaA ekuo tkfr esa eSaus ftrus Hkh lcls ew<
vkSj cdoknh inkFkZ ns[ksa gksaxs] muesa eqfLye ^fo}ku* lcls vkxs gksaxsA D;ksfa d muesa ls gjsd vkneh ;gh
dgrk gS fd ^^fiNys lkS lkyksa ls tks dgk tkrk jgk gS] ogh ckr oSls gh fy[kw] ;gh esjs thou dk /;s; gSA**
yxHkx lkjs gh lquus okys ckr dk et+k ys jgs FksA
vkxs c<+rs gq, ^vcw&vy&Qkny* ogh izkQ
s l
s j ftUgksua s eqYykvksa ds fojks/k esa dqks iky j[ks Fks us dgk ^^D;k
vkius dHkh ,sls lekt dks ns[kk gS tks lcls NksVh bdkbZ ds izHkko ls vkxs c<+rk gS \ ,slk lekt tks
ew[kksZa ds o'k esa gks&u fd cqf)ekuksa dsA lekt curk gS rks blds fopkj khy~ ys[kdksa ls] mlds fp=dkjksa ls]
lqanjrk vkSj laxhr cukus okyksa ls] vkSj gj u, fopkj izdV djus okyksa lsA** eSa rks t+ksj ls leFkZu djuk
pkg jgh Fkh ij ckdh yksx cM+s /;ku ls lqu jgs Fks] blfy, pqi jghA
,d ckr dh ijs'kkuh FkhA ,slh ckrsa vxj fdlh xSj&eqlyeku us dh gksrha] rks t+:j mldh vkokt+ ;k xnZu
nckus ds fy, bUgha mnkjer ds yksxksa ds gh gkFk mB tkrs] fQj mxzokfn;ksa dk D;k dgukA blesa dksbZ vthc
ckr ugha gSA vxj dkys gh viuh dkSe dks *uhxzk*s dkyw dg nsa rks py tkrk gS ij vxj ogh 'kCn fdlh xSj&dkys
us dgs rks rwQku [kM+k gksrk gSA pkgs fdlh dk fny nq[kkus ds fy, u dgk x;k gksA dgha ,slk rks ugha gS fd
^xSj&eqlyeku gh vius vki ij vad'q k yxk, j[krs gSAa
MsuekdZ esa py jgs eqfLye pjeokn dh ppkZ gks jgh FkhA esjs fe= us dgk & ^^;s rks lkjs gh eqlyekuksa dks
,d&lk gh ekurs gSAa ** og ftl if=dk dh ckr dj jgk Fkk] og eSua s i<+h Fkh] blfy, eSua s dgk fd og rks cl
fNih gqbZ ckrksa ij jks'kuh Mky jgs gSAa mlus rqajr ckr eku yhA eSua s viuk nq[kM+k lquk;k Fkk fd MsuekdZ esa flQZ
eqlyeku MsuekdZ ds mnkj er ls xyr Qk;nk mBk jgs gSa vkSj eq[;/kkjk ds yksx pqi jg dj mUgha ds
xyr crkZo dk leFkZu dj jgs gSAa ikp izfr'kr eqlyeku gSa ij ogh ljdkj ls fn, tkus okys HkRrksa esa ls
pkyhl izfr'kr /ku [khap ysrs gSaA bl ckr ij lkspsa fd tc eqlhcrsa iSnk djus okyksa dks gh ljdkj
thus ds fy, iSlk ns jgh gS rks mlds cnys esa os vius vkidks laxfBr djus vkSj vius eUlwcs iwjs djus
esa gh O;Lr jgsaxsA esjs fe= us esjs vanj fNis êqfLye* dks nnZ u gks blfy, oSlk dgk FkkA ij ;gh ckr gekjs
gt+kjksa eqlyekuksa ds fy, Hkh ykxw gSA
vc lquks & bLyke dks bLrseky djus ds dbZ rjhds gSaA dqN eqlyeku bls ryokj dh rjg iz;ksx
djrs gSa vkSj xqaMs dgykrs gSaA dqN mlh dks ,d ^<ky* dh rjg iz;ksx djrs gSa ij blls Hkh cM+k uqdlku
gksrk gSA bl ^<ky* ls eqlyeku rks vkRekykspu lSYQ baDok;jh ls cprs gSa vkSj xSj&eqlyeku fdlh nks"k dh
Hkkouk ls cps jgrs gSAa ;gh ^<ky okys* eqlyeku] nwljksa dks dgrs jgrs gSa] ^^rqe yksx dHkh bLyke dks
ugha le>ksxsA** eryc ;g fd eSa rks vlqjf{kr eqlyeku gw] eSa ugha tkuuk pkgrk rqe dgk ls vk, gks & ;k ^^ge
yksxksa dks rqeus dbZ ckj tkfrokn esa Qlk;k gS vkSj fQj gekjs fy, ijs'kkuh cuksxAs ** eryc&gekjh rkdr rks gS
ugha & ;gh gesa crk;k x;k gSA
;s lkjs ukVd eSa dbZ ckj ns[k&lqu pqdh gw blfy, lh/kh ckr d:axhA lkyksa lky ls if'pe esa jgus
okys eqlyeku blh ckr dk Qk;nk mBkrs vk, gSa fd vke turk bLyke ds ckjs esa dqN ugha tkurhA
blhls os gj gkyr esa gj dher ij vius vkidks izekf.kr djokus ds fy, jksrs jgrs gSaA ,d i=dkj us
fczVus esa 11 flrEcj 2001 ds igys gh dgk Fkk fd] ^^,d nwljs ds chp dksbZ n[ky u ns]a ,slh Hkkouk ls rks lekt
cu ugha ldrk] ;g xyr gh ugha ukeqefdu Hkh gSA vc ge lkjs gh ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gS]a viuh ^<ky* vyx
52
j[kdj gesa [kqys lekt dk gd ekuuk iM+x

s k] ,d&nwljs ls loky djus gksx
a ]s lquus gksx
a As dHkh pqHkrs gq, loky Hkh
gksx
a ]s dHkh lcds lkeus HkhA
blh Hkkouk ls gesa vius fnekxksa dks lqUu djus okys uqL[kksa ls cpuk pkfg,A eq>s cjkcjh flQZ fxurh dh
ugha pkfg,A ij ml dckbyh uhfr;ksa ds bLyke ls fudyuk gSA nqfu;k ds eqfLye ns'kksa dk
ekuoh;&vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa cgqr [kjkc joS;k jgk gSA bl esa vkSjrksa ds gd Hkh 'kkfey gSa A vkSjrsa ugha
rks vusdrk ugha vkSj cnyko Hkh ughaA ij dksbZ ;g ckr lkeus ykrk gh ughaA cM+s loky mBrs ugha vkSj NksVh
ijs'kkfu;k lkeus vkrh jgrh gSA
[kqys lekt rHkh [kqys jgrs gSa tc vke turk [kqy dj loky iwN ldrh gSA tSls ^^kal us fgtkc cqdkZ
ij jksd yxkbZ rc gt+kjksa eqlyeku jkLrksa ij vk x, ij bUgha esa ls D;k ,d us Hkh ml oDr vkokt+
mBkbZ] tc lnh vjc us t+cjnLrh fgtkc iguus dk gqDe fudkyk Fkk \ tc eqlyeku dgrs gS]a ^^gekjk
yksdra= gekjs rjhds ls pyrk gS** rks mUgsa ;g iwNuk pkfg,] **bl yksdra= esa D;k vkSjrksa ;k et+gch
vYila[;dksa ds okdbZ esa dksbZ vf/kdkj gS \** bl ukVd esa xSj eqlyeku Hkh 'kkfey gSAa tSls gh dksbZ
eqlyeku ckrsa djrk gS os pqIih lk/k ysrs gSAa
tuojh 2003 esa VksjVa ks esa ,d lHkk gks jgh Fkh] ftlesa bjkd ds yM+kbZ dk fojks/k eq[; eqnn~ k FkkA mlesa eq[;
oDrk et+gch ljdkj ds iz'kald FksA yksx fpYyk jgs Fks] ukjsckt+h gks jgh Fkh] lhfV;ka ct jgh Fkha vkSj t+ksj&t+ksj
ls vkokt+sa mB jgh FkhaA esjs eu esa ;gh fopkj vk;k] vxj buds ilan okys et+gch ra= dh ljdkj gks tkrh rks
,slk fpYykuk dgk cnkZ'r gksrk !
vki dqN nku rks djrs gh gksx
a As mldh lPpkbZ ij Hkh dHkh lksprs gS\a dgk x;k gS fd ^^nku djus okyh
vusd laLFkkvksa ds /ku ls vutkus esa enjls pyk, tk jgs gSa vkSj ,slk izpkj gksrk gS ftlesa dgrs gSa
fd vkneh t+:j efLtn esa tk, vkSj vkSjrksa dks insZ esa jguk pkfg,] lgf'k{kk [kRe gks] yM+fd;ksa dks
[ksydwn] 'kkL= ;k dyk&f'k{kk ls nwj j[kksA vkSj ogh }s"k QSykus okyh f'k{kk dk izlkj djrs gSaA** bu
nku dh bPNqd laLFkkvksa ds uke ls rks fcYdqy gh izHkkfor u gksAa ;|fi vPNs&vPNs uke gksrs gSa ij lkjs gh
bLykeh vkradokn esa Mwcs gq, gSAa vksVkok dukMk ds ^varjkZ"Vh; ekuoh; fpark* uke dh eqfLye laLFkk ds lapkyd
us dukMk ds eqlyekuksa ls cgqr ls iSls vkSj xgus ,saB fy,] ;g dgdj fd ge ekuoh; nq[kksa dks de
djsaxsA fdlh dks Hkud ugha Fkh fd og vy&dk;nk dk ofj"B vf/kdkjh FkkA mlds idM++s tkus ds ckn bl
laLFkk us mls rks cj[kkLr dj fn;k ij mlus viuh vU; laLFkk pkyw dj nh & ^^varjkZ"Vh; lsgr ,oa f'k{kk
;kstuk** ds uke lsA eSa ;g rks ugha dgrh gw fd nku er nsuk] flQZ ;g lksfp, fd D;k vkids nku lgh txg gh
tk jgs gSa \ ,d loky ckj&ckj mBrk gS tc dqN yksxksa ls tSls eqlyekuksa ls mfpr loky fd, tkrs gSa rc
loky iwNus okys dks gh uLyoknh dg dj cqjk dgrs gSAa ij oSls gh loky xSj eqlyekuksa lss iwNrs gSa rks iwNusokyk
uLyoknh ugha curk! vc vesfjdk ;k bLyke] buesa flQZ ,d jax ds yksx rks ugha gSAa ;s nksuksa gh oLrqr% uLy Hkh
ugha gSa fQj lPpkbZ D;k gS \ rhu ckrsa gSa %&
,d & vejhdh yksx vius vkidks ,d gh fopkj ls lhfer j[kuk pkgrs gSa & ^vkt+knh*A blh ij ge
vejhfd;ksa ls loky djsa rks gesa dksbZ *uLyoknh* rks ugha dg ldrsA blh rjg bLyke ls iwNs x, loky
Hkh uLy ls lacfa /kr ugha gksus pkfg,A bLyke dh iwjh vkcknh dh fofo/krk dks ns[kk tk, rks og Hkh uLy
ugha curhA tks eqlyeku loky iwNs tkus ij QkSju uLyokn dk eqnn~ k mBkrs gSa ogh bl dgkuh dks
c<+kok nsrs gSa fd ge ,d gh txg ls vk, gSAa
nks & xSj&eqfLye vejhfd;ksa ls loky iwNuk rks mfpr le>k tkrk gS ijarq eqlyekuksa ls ughaA vxj
vki if'peh ukSdj'kkgh ls vyx er j[krs gSa rks vkils dksbZ ekjihV rks u djsxkA tc ,d vejhdh
if=dk us vy dk;nk dh la[;k ds ckjs esa ,Q-ch-vkbZ- dh lwpuk dks dsoy ,d [kks[kyk vankt+k dgk Fkk
rks fdlh us ml if=dk ds nrj ij geyk rks ugha fd;kA ij tc ukbthfj;k esa ,sls gh gqvk rks
ml if=dk ds nrj dks vkx yxk nh xbZA vejhdk esa muds jk"Vifr cq'k ds f[kykQ ckrsa dguk
dksbZ xqukg ugha gksrk tcfd lnh vjc ;k dqorS ls vy&tft+jk ds fjiksVZjks* dksa ,slh gh ckr ij
ckgj fudky fn;k x;k FkkA oSls rks vejhdk esa bZ'oj xkWM dk Hkh et+kd mM+k;k tkrk gS ij mls u
rks ,QchvkbZ idM+rh gS u gh bZlkbZ dk;ZdrkZA fdlh eqfLye ns'k esa vYykg dh ckr rks NksfM+, mlds
jlwy dk Hkh dksbZ t+jk lk Hkh et+kd mM+k, rks dgj ep tkrk gSA ikBdksa dks MsuekdZ ds if=dk dh
ckr rks ;kn gksxh!
vesfjdk esa Hkh ljdkjh ra= esa dbZ ckj xyfr;ka gks tkrh gS&
a ekjihV] kj&idM+] VsyhQksu VSi gksuk ;k vkSj
cgqr dqN] ysfdu jkstk+ uk bl ij Hkh ppkZ gksrh gSA ge bu csodwfQ;ksa dks tkurs gSa D;ksfa d os ckj&ckj gekjs lkeus
53
j[kh tkrh gSAa fdUrq mUgsa mtkxj djus okys dks ;g Mj rks ugha gS fd mlds gkFk dkV fn, tk,axs ;k t+cku dkV
nh tk,xh \ 'kk;n blh vkt+knh dh otg ls ftls ge ogk vf/kdkj le>rs gS]a ge mUgsa gh viuk fu'kkuk cuk
dj bLykeh ns'kksa dks ut+j vUnkt+ dj nsrs gSAa ;gh rks xSj&eqfLyeksa dks vius vki ls iwNuk pkfg,A
rhljh ckr & vejhdk ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh djuk ge *lH;* le>rs gSa ij eqlyekuksa ij ugha D;ksfa d
vejhdk esa ftu ij Vhdk gks jgh gS os lqurs Hkh gSa vkSj dbZ ckj viuh xyrh Hkh eku ysrs gSAa lu~ 2002
esa tc ,ujkWu esa iSls dk cgqr xksyeky gks jgk Fkk rks lh,uchlh us ckj&ckj bl eqnn~ s dks mtkxj djds
lkjs xksyeky dks turk ds lkeus j[kkA N% eghus ds ckn ^Vkbe* if=dk us bu *[kcjnkj* djus okyksa dks
[kkl bTt+r nsdj lEekfur fd;kA ;s lHkh vkSjrsa Fkha vkSj dkuwu] U;k; vkSj jktuhfr ds foHkkxksa us bu
fooknksa ij iwjh rjg /;ku nsdj lHkh ls xgjk lksp&fopkj Hkh fd;kA fdUrq eqfLye ns'kksa esa Hkz"Vkpkj
feVkus ds fy, dgk lEeku feysxk vkSj og Hkh vkSjrksa dks \
vc ge if'pe okfl;ksa dh gh t+:jr gS fd bLyke ds ckjs esa ^[kcjnkj* djus okyksa ds f[kykQ uLyokn dk
vkjksi yxkuk can dj nsa vkSj cnyko vkSj lq/kkj dh rjQ ^vkxs dwp* djsAa
cnyko ykus dk eryc flQZ bruh gh ckr ls iwjk ugha gksxk fd dqjku dks dsoy v{kj'k% ugha i<+k
tk,A cki viuh csVh dks flQZ blfy, ekj nsrk gS D;ksfa d mlus et+gc ds ckgj 'kknh dh gSA ,d vikfgt
viax vkSjr ds lkFk cykRdkj djus okyks dks NksM+ fn;k tkrk gS D;ksfa d ^^mudk lkekftd jhfr&fjokt+ vyx
gSA** ,slk D;ksa gS fd ekuoh; vf/kdkj flQZ xSj eqlyekuksa dh gh laifRr gS \ if'peh yksx cgq&lH;rkokn ds
fopkj dks ysdj iwjs >qd tkrs gSAa nwljksa dh lH;rk dks le>uk ge viuh 'kfDr ekurs gSa ij mlhdks ;s ^cqfu;knh
tuwu* okys gekjh nqcy
Z rk gh le>rs gS&
a tks gesa uje] ean cqf) vkSj fn'kkghu cukrs gSAa os rks ;gh le>rs gSa fd
tks nqcy
Z gS mls [kRe djuk gS vkSj ftruk ge mUgsa le>us le>kus ;k le>kSrk djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa mruk
gh os gekjk frjLdkj djrs gSAa vc ge blh nqfo/kk esa gSa fd gekjh fofo/krk dk;e j[kus ds fy, gesa 'kk;n
de mnkjrk fn[kkuh iM+sxhA de ls de gesa T+;knk tkx:d rks gksuk gh pkfg,A
tkx:drk ds gh fo"k; esa ,d /kkfeZd loky mBrk gS tks 'kk;n et+gch ugha & dkSu lk thou ewY; gesa
vk/kkj cukuk pkfg, \ tks lSd
a M+kas fopkj ;k er gSa muesa ls dkSulk ge pquas tks gekjs eqDr ckr djus dk lkj
gks \ vc ;gk xksyeky ^lgu'khyrk* ;k ^vkilh vknj* ;g ugha pyus okykA fgalk ij rqys dV~Vjokn ds izfr
ge lgu'khyrk D;ksa fn[kk,a \ bl izdkj ds O;ogkj esa dgka gSa ^vkilh* vknj ;k ln~Hkko \ kal ds vehu
ekywQ dgrs gSa] ^îzFkk,a rHkh vknj ds ;ksX; gSa tc os [kqn vknj.kh; gksa vFkkZr~ ml izFkk esa Hkh vkneh vkSj
vkSjrksa ds cqfu;knh gd dk vknj gksrk gksA** ge eqlyeku gksa ;k if'peh xSj&eqlyeku] gesa ;gh fu'p; djuk
gksxk fd bl rjg dh cqf) dh ckr le>us okyk ewY; cuk,a vkSj fQj ogka ls 'kq:vkr djsAa tks Hkh ckr bl ewY;
dh fn'kk esa u ys tkrh gks] mls dHkh Hkh cjnk'r ugha djsAa cl ckr [kReA
bl rjg rks bLyke ds dbZ fopkj bl tky esa Ql ldrs gSAa Qlus nksA blh ckr ij ,d ?kVuk crkuk
pkgrh gw ftlls lkQ gks tk,xk fd D;k lgu ugha djuk gSA lu~ 1999 esa fczVsu ds eSdukyh ds ,d ukVd
esa bZlk dks ^lefyaxh* fn[kk;k x;k FkkA bl ij dbZ bZlkb;ksa us vius eqDr fopkj dk izn'kZu djrs gq, ukVd
ds f[kykQ /kjus fn,A ij ogha dh 'kfj;k vnkyr ds dkt+h us viuk bZeku fn[kkus dh gn dj nhA mUgksua s ys[kd
ds f[kykQ ekSr dk Qrok tkjh dj fn;k] ftlesa baXySM
a ds ppZ dks Hkh QVdkj nh Fkh fd mUgksuas s bZlk vkSj mldh
eka ds lEeku dh Hkh ijokg ugha dhA bldh vusd izfr;ka Hkh yanu esa ckVh xbZA D;k ;gh ^[kqyk fopkj* gS \ blls
rks ys[kd ds fopkj Lokra; gh ugha mldh ftUnxh gh [kRe gks tkrhA
gk bl Qros esa ;g t+:j dgk x;k Fkk fd ys[kd dks ekSr dh lt+k fdlh bLykeh ns'k esa nh tk,A ;g Hkh
dgk x;k Fkk fd cpuk gks rks bLyke dcwy dj ysA flQZ vQlksl t+kfgj djus ls ekSr rks ugha Vyrh] ij mlds
ifjokj dh ns[kHkky dh tkrh vkSj mls dfczLrku esa txg feyrhA okg] fdruh [kq'kh dh ckr gSA
vc ;g crkb, fd ,sls Qros ds ckn ml dkt+h dks D;ksa fczVus esa jgus fn;k tk, \ fczVus dh eqfLye
dkSfUly us dgk fd chl yk[k esa ls dsoy ,d gt+kj eqlyeku bl dkt+h lkgc ds leFkZd gSAa fQj rks ml
dkt+h dks ns'k ls ckgj fudky nsus vkSj ml ij eqdnek pykus esa fczVus ] dsU;k] ;k iwjs if'pe ds eqlyekukas dks
dksbZ d"V ugha gksuk pkfg,] D;ksfa d bLyke ds os lkjs fgLls tks ;dhu u djus (disbelief) dh vkt+knh dk
leFkZu djrs gks]a vius fopkjksa ds vuqlkj pyus nsrs s gks&
a ogh ges'kk ds fy, dk;e jgsx
a ]s flQZ jsfxLrkuh bLyke gh
ugha jgsxkA blls gesa rks 'kkafr gh feysxhA
eSa ;g izLrko j[kuk pkgrh gw fd ge if'peh yksx ,d thou ewY; ij jkt+h gks tk,a tks gS&O;fDrRo dk
vf/kdkjA tc ge O;fDrRo dk Lokxr djsx
a s rks lHkh dks ;g vkt+knh feysxh fd og D;k gksuk pkgrs gSa pkgs fdlh
Hkh et+gc ds gksa ;k ugha gksa ;k nksuksAa 'kk;n blesa vejhdh fopkj dh >yd yxs ij ;g t+:jh ughaA O;fDrRo esa
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dksbZ LokFkZdh Hkkouk u gks rks og iwjs lekt dk dY;k.k dj ldrk gSA lHkh ns'kksa dks bl Hkkouk dk vknj
djds lkspuk pkfg,A
;wjksi esa Ms<+ djksM+ ls T+;knk eqlyeku gSa ij vkt Hkh teZuh esa mUgsa nwljh&rhljh ih<+h ds ns'kkarj
djus okys gh ekuk tkrk gSA ;wjksi okys ;g D;ksa ugha le>rs fd vkt ;g t+:jr gS fd blds igys fd os
;wjksi ds 'kgjksa esa igqps os vjch eqlyekuksa dks yksdra= fl[kk,A fQj mu vjc ns'kksa ds f[kykQ vkokt+ D;ksa ugha
mBkrs gSa tgk lqUuh vYila[;d f'k;k cgq&la[;dksa ij gqDe pykrs gSAa vc bl jaxHksn ds f[kykQ D;ksa ugha mBrh
vkokt+sa \ fo'o esa ekuoh; vf/kdkjksa dk guu gksrk gS rc D;ksa ugha vki cM+s iSekus ij gj txg izn'kZu djrss \
'kk;n vki dgsx
a s fd ;g fo'oHkj dk elyk ugha gSA ij tkx tkvksA vkt+kn ^fo'o lekt* dk eryc flQZ
,d lekt ugha gSA eSa pquus dh viuh vktknh dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrh gwaA pkgs eSa dgha Hkh [kkuk [kk]
dqN Hkh iguwa ;k lquwa ;k dgha Hkh lQj d:aA eq>s bu ckrksa ds fy, vius cki dh btkt+r ysus dh t+:jr ugha
iM+As vxj bLykeh *cqfu;knh tuwu* ds vanj jguk iM+s rks bldk eryc gksxk fd pquus dh vkt+knh ugha gSA dbZ
le`) ns'k ;k yksx bu nksuksa fopkjksa dks oS'ohdj.k ds lkFk tksMu+ s dh xyrh djrs gS]a mUgsa bu ckrksa ds QdZ dk
irk gh ugha gSA
;wjksi vkt lH;rk dh xgjkb;ksa esa ,slk Qlk gS fd mudh vk[ksa iwjh rjg ns[k ugha ikrh gSAa vkt dh
if'peh lH;rk esa eqlyekuksa dk Hkh cM+k fgLlk gSA mUgksua s gh ;wjksi ds iqu#RFkku dks c<+kok fn;k FkkA ;gwnh]
bZlkbZ] vkSj ckfd;ksa ls Hkh dke fy;k Fkk tks ;wukuh] vkSj vklikl ds lHkh jhfrfjokt+ksa ls fopkj ysrs FksA gekjh
oSf'od ftEesnkjh rks ;gh gS fd bl ckr dks NksM+ nsa fd fdldk dkSu lh igpku ij vf/kdkj gS cl vkus okyh
ihf<+;ksa dks ;gh crk nsa fd vkil esa gekjk ,d nwljs ds fr D;k dt+kZ fudyrk gSAa
bl mn~n's ; ls eSa ogha [kRe djuk pkgrh gwa tgka ls 'kq: fd;k FkkA esjs fy, *if'pe* us tks Hkh fd;k gS ;k
cgqr ls eqlyekuksa ds fy, fd;k gS mlh ds ,ot esa esjk QtZ curk gS fd eSa Hkh bLyke esa cnyko vkSj lq/kkj
ykus dk iwjk bjknk j[kwaA iwjs bZeku ds lkFk esjs lkFkh eqlyekuksa] rqEgsa Hkh ;gh djuk gSA
55
v/;k;&9
if'pe ds fy, ,s [kqnk] rsjk 'kqf;k

gj 'kqokj ds fnu VksjUVks fo'ofo|ky; es ukStoku eqlyekuksa dks ogk ds f'k{kkFkhZ Hkou esa izkFkZuk djus dh
lgwfy;r nh xbZ gSA ml fnu ogk yxs e'kgwj O;fDr;ksa ds fp=ksa dks [kkl cuk, inksZa ls <d fn;k tkrk gS rkfd
izkFkZuk djus okys dk /;ku [kqnk dh rjQ gh jgs] mlds canksa dh rjQ ughaA [;ky vkrk gS fd D;k rkfycku dHkh
fdlh gky esa ckfe;ku cq) ewfrZ;ksa dks mM+k nsus ds ctk, mUgsa <d ugha ldrs Fks \ D;k ukStoku eqlyekuksa dks
dHkh ;g Hkh vglkl gksxk fd muds lkFk ;gk if'pe esa fdruk vPNk O;ogkj gksrk gSA
*;gk* dk eryc flQZ VksjUVks ls ugha gSA tgk Hkh ns[kw & [kqykiu] vkt+knh gS] vius eu ds vuqdy
w O;ogkj
dj ldrs gSAa iwjs vjch fyckl esa ,d tukc ?kwe jgs FksA iwNk rks crk;k fd og gj tqEes vius vjch diM+s
igurk gS] fcuk fdlh jksdVksd dsA ,d vkSj efgyk dks ns[kk & iwjk cnu] gkFk rd dkys diM+ksa ls <dk Fkk fdUrq
HkhM+ gksus ds ckotwn dksbZ Hkh mldh rjQ [kkl /;ku ugha ns jgk FkkA
eqlyekuksa ds f[kykQ gks jgs vR;kpkj dh dgkfu;ksa ls fcYdqy foijhr Fkh ,slh ?kVuk,aA 11 flrEcj 2001
ds gknlksa ds ckn dqN txg t+:j ^vjch yxus okys* yksxksa ds f[kykQ xqLlk fn[kk;k rks x;k gS ijarq tc ,slk
gksrk gS rks mUgsa rqjar bl ijs'kkuh ds fo#) êhfM;k* dks [kcj djuh pkfg,A eq>s [kqn ^[kkM+h yM+kbZ* ds nkSjku ,d
ljdkjh Hkou ls fudky fn;k x;k Fkk] fcuk dkj.k crk,A eSua s rks bldh fjiksVZ dj nh FkhA
bl nhokuxh ds foijhr tks eqlyekuksa ds izfr ln~Hkkouk dh ygjsa mBrh gS]a mu ij dHkh izfrf;k ugha
gksrh] mldk fglkc ugha gksrk] mldk dHkh izpkj ugha gksrk!
vesfjdk esa flrEcj 11 ds rqjar ckn ;g lH;rk iwjh rjg mHkjh Fkh tc bZlkbZ vkSj ;gwnh iknfj;ksa us eqfLye
usrkvksa ls laidZ djds iwjh enn dh FkhA cgqiFa kh; izkFkZuk,a] izsl dkWUsalsa gqbZ vkSj ijs'kku eqlyekuksa dh enn ds
fy, /ku ,df=r djuk oxSjg Hkh fd;k x;kA ml gknls dh jkr dks gh VksjUVksa ds ukeh ea=h th us mudk gky
iwNk vkSj dqN ijs'kkuh gks rks enn dk vk'oklu Hkh fn;kA vxys rhu&pkj fnu esjs ;gwnh fe=ksa us Hkh esjs BhdBkd
gksus ds ckjs esa iwNrkN dhA dbZ toku eqlyekuksa ls ckr dh rks ;gh irk pyk fd lHkh lkFkh] f'k{kd] iM+kslh ;k
ckr djus okys iwjh dksf'k'k djds fdlh Hkh rjg dh cqjh Hkkoukvksa dk lkeuk djus dh rlYyh nsrs jgsA
eSua s rks bl vPNs O;ogkj dh [kcjsa iqfyl] uLyokn&fojks/kh laLFkk] jk"Vh; jsfM;ks vkSj fopkjdksa dks nhaA bl
vPNh [kcj dk D;k djs]a fdlh dks Hkh ;g ekywe gh ugha FkkA fdlh us iwNk] D;k gksuk pkfg, \ eSua s lkspk tSls
eqlyekuksa esa ekStnw vyx&vyx Hkkoukvksa dh igpku gksuh pkfg,] oSls gh if'pe dh Hkkoukvksa dks Hkh le>us dh
t+:jr gSA
bLyke vkSj if'pe ,d nwljs ls vyx ugha jguk pkgrsA okf'kaXVu fo'ofo|ky; esa ,d beke lkgc gS]a
vejhdh lsuk esa dbZ eqlyeku gS]a vejhdh Mkdlsok us 2002 esa ^bZn* ds ekSds ij [kkl Mkd&fVdV Hkh tkjh fd;kA
'kk;n ;g dsoy fn[kkok gks] ijarq mlh Mkdlsok foHkkx esa vt+ht+ vyh tkQj ,d miiz/kku tulsok Hkh gSAa
mRrjh vejhdk dh bLykfed lkslkbVh okys bl ckr dks ekurs gSa fd bl ns'k esa eqlyekuksa dks gj txg
vkus&tkus vkSj dke djus dh lqfokk gSA pkgs og jktuhfrd LFkku gks]a vke turk ds ;k jk"Vifr Hkou ds [kkl
dke gksAa bl rjhds dks lnh vjc esa ^ckgj* ds yksxksa ls fd, x, crkZo ls rqyuk djds ns[k ysAa
jsfxLrkuh bLyke ls fudkys x,] muds er ds fojks/kh yksx dSls thou ;kiu djrs gSa \ cgqr ls rks vejhdh
dkWyt
s ksa esa i<+krs gS]a fy[krs Hkh gSAa eSua s viuh gh fj'rs dh efgyk ls iwNk] ^D;k vejhdh eqlyeku cuds jguk vkt
eqf'dy gS \* oSls og cq'k lkgc ds ^VsDlkl* esa jgrh gSA mlus dgk ûgha rksA vkRefo'okl gks rks ugha] ijarq
fNidj ugha jguk pkfg,A** 11 flrEcj dks ogha VsDlkl ,d bLykeh Ldwy esa i<+krh FkhA ml oDr lekt dh
izfrf;k ds ckjs esa iwNk rks dbZ ckrsa dghaA lk/kkj.k VsDlkl dh turk us mUgsa lgkuqHkwfr Hkjs i=] dkMZ vkSj Qwy
Hkh HkstAs ,d vkSj bLykeh lsVa j ds et+gch funs'Z kd us ,slh gh ckrsa dghaA 'kk;n dksbZ bu egku~ Hkkoukvksa dk
[kqyis u dk vkSj lgkuqHkwfr ls Hkjh ckrksa dk o.kZu fy[ksA ,slh lTturk dk vknj djuk] dgk uLyoknh dgk
tk,xk \
eq>s lcls T+;knk [kq'kh gksrh gS tc yksx bLyke ds vuks[ksiu dks igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSAa flrEcj 11
ds ckn dqjku dh izfr;ka /kM+k/kM+ fcd xbZAa mRrjh dSjksykbuk fo'ofo|ky; us] dqjku ds ckjs esa ,d iqLrd rks i<+]sa
,slk fu;e cuk;kA ogha dh ,d f'k{kkFkhZ yM+dh us crk;k] ^êSa ,slk lksprh gw fd vxj vki ,slh ckrsa ys ysa tks
vkidh ugha gksa vkSj mUgsa vki 'kk;n u Hkh ekus]a ijarq mUgsa i<+us ds fy, Hkh rS;kj u gksa rks vkidks mPp f'k{kk
laLFkku esa jgus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA**
56
tkudkjh vkSj [kkst dh bPNk j[kuk ;gh og izk.kok;q gS ftlds fy, eSa vejhdk dh vuar vkHkkjh
gwaA vf/kdka'k eqfLye&fo'o esa vxj vki vius dke ls T;knk tkurs&le>rs gSa rks vkidks ^de* ekuk tkrk gSA
blds foijhr vejhdk esa lc {ks=ksa esa lc rjg ls c<+us dk ekSdk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj dbZ yksx ;gh djrs Hkh gSAa
vxj eSa ,d eqfLye ns'k esa cM+h gksrh] rks eu ls 'kk;n ukfLrd gksrhA ijarq eSa nqfu;k ds bl dksus esa th jgh
gw] tgk eq>s lkspus dk] oknfookn djus dk vkSj fdlh Hkh fo"k; dh xgjkbZ rd igp
q us dk vf/kdkj gS blhfy,
eSua s ;g lh[kk gS fd eSa bLyke dks fQygky D;kas u NksM+wa!
brus lkjs 'kks/k ds ckn dqjku dh esjh futh O;k[;k ls eq>s rhu lan's k feyrs gSAa
,d&flQZ [kqnk gh fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds lp dks tkurk gSA
nks&flQZ [kqnk gh û ekuus okyks*a xSj&eqfLyeksa dks lt+k ns ldrk gS vkf[kj ogh tkurk gS fd lPpk
fo'okl D;k gS vkSj dqjku ds igkM+ksa ds cnyrs ekSle tSls fopkjksa ds ns[krs gq, ogh tkurk gS fd
;g lc bdk dSls gks x;kA
rhu& varr% gekjh uezrk gh ges]a ^^[kqnk dh D;k ethZ gS**] bl ij lkspus dh vkt+knh nsrh gS] fdlh vkSj
dh crkbZ lhekvksa dk dksbZ ego ughaA
dqjku ds nwljs v/;k; esa dgk gS ^êt+gc esa dksbZ t+cj ugha gksrkA vkxs gS lwjk 109 es&
a ^rqEgkjs fy,
rqEgkjk nhu vkSj esjs fy, esjk nhu* blh ds chp esa gS] vxj [kqnk pkgrk rks rqEgsa ,d uLy esa iSnk dj
ldrk FkkA exj mlus ,slk ugha fd;kA** fdruh lp ckr gSA
esjh O;k[;k ds ckn ;g rks lkQ gksxk fd eSa ,d eqlyeku gksrs gq,] bLyke ds bu rkuk'kkgksa ds ckjs esa pqi
u jgwA pkgs og vkslkek fcu yknsu tSls pje iaFkh gksa ;k esjs enjls ds f'k{kd tSls gksAa ;s yksx viuh ethZ ls gh
vius fopkj cukus ds ckn iyV dj ckdh yksxksa dks oSlk gh djus ;kuh lkspus ls jksdrs gSAa dqjku esa tks
^[kcjnkj* djus dks dgk gS] mls ;gh yksx ^/kedkus* esa cny nsrs gSAa esjs fopkj ls flQZ gesa 'kks/k djus dh vkKk
ugha gksuh pkfg,] og lcds fy, gksuh pkfg,A ,slk u gqvk rks [kqnk dh [kqnkbZ vkSj lokZis fj U;k;k/kh'k gksus ds
fopkj dks Bsl igp
q x
s hA ,slk O;fDrxr] Lora= fopkj djuk rdZ ds vuqlkj gS] lgh gS vkSj esjs if'peh gksus ds
ukrs cus vkn'kksZa ds vuq:i gSA
eSa ckr dj jgh gw ^^vusderokn** dh dsoy] ^miHkksDrkokn* dh ughaA ge vxj ;g lkspas fd if'peh
vkn'kZ gesa dsoy u,&u, >Ddhiu esa Qlkrs gSa rks ;g crkb, fd eSa D;ksa ugha bl /kkjk esa cg xbZA dsoy viuh
bPNkvksa dks iwjk djuk lh[krh rks ml oDr D;k gksrk tc esjs lkFkh us eq>s ml ukbthfj;kbZ yM+dh dks [kcj
nsdj yydkjk FkkA eSa rks fopkjksa dh vkt+knh dks vge le>rh gw vkSj mlds îwNus ds vf/kdkj* dh Hkh dnz djrh
gwA D;k vki ,slk djrs gSa \ ;k ,slh ckrksa ds f[kykQ gesa ijs'kku dj jgs gSa dgdj eqdnek djrs gS\a D;k og
lkFkh eq>s pqi djkuk pkgrk Fkk ;k eSa ^viuh fopkj'kfDr lsa bl iz'u dks lqy>k ywxh*] bl ckr esa fo'okl dk
b'kkjk dj jgk Fkk \
vc ,d loky vkiesa ls ^lsdqyj ekuookfn;ksa* ds fy,A vkidh ukfLrdrk ds pquko dk eSa vknj djrh gw]
ij eSa viuk et+gc vpkud D;ksa NksM+ nsrh \ et+gc us eq>s dbZ ewY; fn, gS&
a tSls vuq'kklu&ftluss eq>s if'pe
ds 'kjhj lq[k dh rjQ >qds thou dks pqukSrh nsus dh 'kfDr nhA ;gh pqukSrh eq>s lksprs jgus ds fy, mRlkfgr
djrh jgrh gSA et+gc vkSj HkkSfrdrk ds chp dk ruko eq>s fodYi <w<us vkSj fdlh cqfu;knokn esa u Qlus esa
enn djrk gS] pkgs og L=h iz/kku] jk"Voknh ;k cgq&iaFkh; cqfu;knokn gksA et+gc us eq>s foo'k fd;k gS fd eSa
fdlh ds lkeus u >qd tk&flok; [kqnk ds] tks esjs var%dj.k esa ygjkrk jgrk gS&bl vikj papy nqfu;k esa
fdruh cM+h dyk gS ;gA ,d vkSj vPNh ckr eq>s et+gc us fl[kkbZ gS og gS 'kfDr vkSj rkuk'kkgh ds QdZ dks
le>ukA
dbZ yksx tks lkjh gh J)kvksa dks foosdjfgr Bgjkrs gS]a og [kqn gh blh foosdghurk esa Qals gq, gksrs gSAa
rLyhek uljhu us tks ,d L=hoknh gS vkSj MkWDVj Hkh] eq>s crk;k]
^êjus ds ckn dqN ugha gS&ej x, lks ej x,&lc [kReA**
^^'kk;n flQZ 'kkL=h; ut+fj, ls ,slk gks** eSua s dgk] ^îj dkSu tkurk gS fd ogh ut+fj;k vU; fdlh ut+fj,
ls csgrj gks \^^
^^D;ksfa d ;g lp gS**
^^D;k vki et+gch dV~Vjrk (orthodoxy) ds f[kykQ ugha yM+ jgh gS\a ^^
57
^êSa lPpkbZ ds fy, yM+ jgh gwA tks vkSjrsa ijs'kku gks tkrh gSa os et+gc esa iukg <w<rh gaS vkSj et+gc] mUgh
ds fy, gSA et+gc gS gh det+ksj] ijs'kku] ew<]+ csodwQ yksxksa ds fy,A ij gesa det+kjs ;k ijs'kku gksuk gh D;ksa
pkfg,\**
^^D;k vki tkurh gSa rLyhek] fd vkids vkykspd (critics) dg ldrs gSa fd vki Hkh mlh xM~<s esa fxjh
tk jgh gS]a ftlesa vki dgrh gSa fd et+gch yksx fxjrs gSa \ vki rks 'kkL=h; Js"Brk dh nkosnkj gSa \**
^êSa oSlh ugha gAw eSa rks flQZ lp ds fy, gwA og cM+k lp ugha tks [kqnk dk gksrk gS ijarq flQZ lpA**
^îjarq vki rks [kqnk esa fo'okl gh ugha djrha \**
FkksM+h ckrphr ds ckn mudk ^cM+k lp* Hkh fudy vk;k & ^êSa et+gc dks feVkuk pkgrh gw D;ksfa d et+gc
ekuork ds f[kykQ gSA vxj ,slk ugha gS rks eq>s mlls dksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha gSA**
[kSj ;g bruk rks eku ldrs gSAa
u ekuus okyh ckr rks ;g gS fd et+gc funZ;rk ls ekuork ds f[kykQ gSA tSlk ftEeh dkVZj dgrs gS]a
blzkbZy ds csfxu vkSj felz ds lknkr blfy, gkFk feyk lds] D;ksfa d os vius vius ;gwnh vkSj eqfLye et+gc ds
ewY;ksa ij fuHkZj FksA egkRek xka/kh dh gR;k dh xbZ] ij nqfu;k dks fgykus okys muds vfgalk ds ewyea= dks fgUnw
vkSj tSu erksa ls fy;k x;k FkkA nykbZ ykek Hkh rks et+gc dks Lohdkj djrs gS&
a mudk rks dksbZ Hkh ^lsdy
q j*
ekuorkoknh fojks/k ugha djrk vkSj mUgsa rks viuk in oa'k ds vk/kkj ij gh feyk gSA
et+gc ds dbZ dV~Vj izpkjd tSls nykbZ ykek] ekfVZu ywFkj fdax] vkpZ&fc'ki VwVw ;k ekYde ,Dl&budks
ge êt+gch* gksus ds ckotwn {kek rks dj gh ldrs gS]a D;ksfa d mUgksua s et+gc dk iz;ksx lq/kkj ds fy, fd;k gSA
vius vkidks vkSj vius lkFkh yksxksa dks ihM+k vkSj det+kjs h ls ij mBk fn;k gSA nqfu;kHkj ds eqlyekuksa ds fy,
ge if'pe ds yksx blh ifjorZu & cnyko dk lan's k igqpk ldrs gSAa ;g rHkh laHko gksxk] tc ge bLYkke ds
^QkflT+e* ls gh ugha mlds tquuw mHkkjus okys cuus ls bUdkj dj nsAa ;s gh yksx eqlyekuksa dh ghurk dh Hkkouk
dks vkSj c<+krs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd cnyko dk Hkkjh cks> dksbZ nwljs mBk ysAa ges vius gh ihfM+r gksus dh Hkkouk
dks mrkj Qsd
a us dh t+:jr gSA
;g vklku rks ugha gksxkA eqlyekuksa dks viuh fuf";rk ls cgqr lko/kku jguk gksxkA ge [kqnk ij dqN
T+;knk gh Hkjkslk djds [kqn dks cgqr NksVk cuk nsrs gSaA lgtrk ls dg nsrs gSa ^^bU'kkYyk** ! ugha A
^[kqnk dh ethZ gks rks* ;g ugha & gesa [kqn dh bPNk ls dke djuk gksxkA bUlkQ ds jkLrs ij [kqnk ds
ennxkj cuuk gksxkA êxj ge gksrs dkSu gSa \* vkiesa ls dqN loky djsx
a As gekjs fnekx esa rks Bwal ds Hkjk jgrk
gS ^^vYykgw&vdcj** & vYykg egku~ gSA** ij tc eSua s [kqn dks i<+h fy[kh cuk;k] rc bldk vlyh eryc le>
esa vk;kA vYykg lcls cM+k gSA gk cM+k rks gS mlds lkjs izkf.k;ksa ls & ij blls gekjh {kqnzrk rks ugha
tkfgj gksrhA ewyr% tc ge ^^vYykgw&vdcj* dgrs gSa rks gesa ;kn jgrk gS fd gekjs dk;Z esa uezrk gksA eSa vius
vki esa gh rks xdZ ugha jgrh \ D;k ;gh ckr muds ckjs esa dg ldrs gSa tks foosd ds f[kykQ Qros
fudkyrs jgrs gSa \ ;k geh esa ls os tks bu Qros fudkyus okyksa dh ckrksa ls gh izlUu jgrs gSa \
esjh ftUnxh esa ;s vkradoknh nl&chl dks ekjus ls lSd
a M+k]as gt+kjksa vkSj 'kk;n yk[kksa vknfe;ksa dks ekjus rd
igp
q tk,axAs blh vof/k esa oSfVdu us vius ;gwnh fojks/kh vkSj ^'kghn* ds fopkjksa dks [kRe dj fn;k gS vkSj cPpksa
;k vkSjrksa ds mRihM+u ls tkfgjh rkSj ij dkjZokbZ dj jgs gSAa 'kk;n mu ukjkt+ cxkorh dSFkfydksa dh otg
lsA
eSua s ;g [kqyk i= lkjh lPpkb;k tkudj fy[kk gSA mnkj er ds bLYkke dk lq/kkj t+:j gksxk&mUgsa fdlh
îksi* lkgc dks rks ugha eukuk gS&ij ;g djks ;k ejks okyh ckr gksxhA vxj pqi jgsa rks dqN Hkh ugha gksxkA
,d blzkbyh i=dkj gysoh & fu"Bkoku~ ;gwnh vkSj vPNs fe= & lksprs gSa fd eSa vki yksxksa ls dqN T+;knk
gh l[rh ls is'k vkbZ gwA mUgksua s ,d fdrkc fy[kh gS & ^^bZMu ds njokt+s ij**] ftlesa ;:'kye esa eqlyeku vkSj
bZlkb;ksa ds lkFk izkFkZuk djus dh mudh dksf'k'k dk o.kZu gSA lkjs eqlyekuksa esa ls dsoy lwfQ;ksa us lkFk izkFkZuk
djus ds fy, mudk Lokxr fd;kA mudk er gS fd lwfQ;ksa dks fdukjs ij j[kdj eqlyekuksa dk gh uqdlku gqvk
gSA fQj Hkh os dgrs gS]a ^^viuk n`f"Vdks.k Bhd j[kksA lHkh et+gc dqN dfBu le;ksa esa ls xqt+jrs gSAa nwljs nksuksa
et+gcksa dks LFkkiuk ds pkSng lkS lkyksa ds ckn dh fLFkfr ;kn djksA bZlkb;r et+gch tkp vkSj dRyksa ds nkSj esa
Fkk] vkSj ;gwnh yksx vius gh iqjkus <jsZ esa Qls gq, FksA**
bu nksuksa dh rqyuk esa û,* bLyke dks [kkldj vkt ds ukStokuksa dks gekjh xyfr;ksa ds fy, ekQ rks ugha
dj ldrs] tc ogh iqjkus e/;;qxhu xqukgksa dh udy fd, tk jgs gSAa vkt dk cksLVu esa i<+k gqvk vjch
eqlyeku Hkh blh lksp esa Qlk gS fd og ;gwfn;ksa ds lkFk Hkh izse ls jg ldrk gS c'krsZ fd os bLykeh
58
dkuwu ds uhps gksa] D;ksafd ;gh izd`fr dk fu;e gSA** eSa le>rh gw fd blh rjg ds fopkj eq[;/kkjk ds
eqlyekuksa dh vkRekvksa esa Hkh iwjh rjg ls Hkjs gq, gSAa
gysoh us eq>s fQj ls dgk Fkk] ^^rqEgkjh fy[kh ckrksa esa dqN izes dh t+:jr gSA eqYykvksa ds fy, ugha] ij mu
djksM+k&
sa djksM+ksa O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ftUgksua s viuh&viuh izkFkZuk dh dlhnsokys pVkb;ksa ij flj Vsd dj viuh
NksVh&NksVh ijs'kku ftUnfx;k [kqnk dh uekt+ i<+us esa dqckZu dhaA ^êkQ djuk bl Hkkouk dks Bsl yxkrs gq,] ij
bruh lkjh ftUnfx;k {kqnz Fkha vkSj >wB cM+s&cM+s FksA ;kn gksxk [kfyQk vy&ekewu] tks Lora= fopkjksa
dk izpkj djrk Fkk] ijarq bLyke ds ckjs esa mlds vius tks fopkj Fks] mudk fojks/k djus okyksa dks
dksM+s yxokrk FkkA mu fnuksa esas vkSj vkt esa D;k dksbZ QdZ gS \
rks vc eSa bLyke ds fy, ,d vkf[kjh nkSj esa gwA eSa blls vkxs pyh tk ;g rks eq> ij gh fuHkZj gS ij
,d rjg ls ;g rks ge lc ij fuHkZj gSA eSa tks ns[kuk pkgrh gw] og gS ,d lq/kkj&cnyko dh Hkw[kA ,slh
Hkw[k tks geas dqN djus dks izsfjr djrh gSA
1D;k ge vius vkpkjksa ls fudy dj vius fopkjkas dks txkdj nqfu;k ds eqlyekuksa dks Mj]
Hkw[k vkSj vKku ls ij mBk ldsaxs\
2D;k ge bl va/kfo'okl ls fudy ldsa xs fd dqjku ds ckjs esa dksbZ loky ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA tc ge [kqy dj iwNrs jgsaxs fd ;g vk;rsa dgk ls vkbZ] mudk dSls fdlh vkSj rjg ls
vFkZ fudky ldrs gSa] vkSj mudk vkil esa fojks/k D;ksa gS tSlk fd gj et+gch iqLrd esa gksrk
gS rks ge flQZ ,d dchys okyh rkuk'kkgh dks gh Hkax dj jgs gSa A
3vxj esjk fooj.k xyr gS] rks vki gh crkb, fd vkSj fdlh et+gc esa ls brus lkjs vkradoknh
D;kas ugha iSnk gksrs vkSj [kqnk ds uke esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dk guu D;kas ugha gksrk \ ;g crkrs
gq, vki eqlyekuksa dks NksM+dj vU; fdlh ij Hkh vxqfy;k u mBk,aA
vki eq>s tokc ns ldrs gSAa & esjs osclkbV ds irs ij www.muslim-refusenik.com A eSa lPpkbZ ls
ckrphr dk bUrt+kj dj jgh gwA
bZekunkjh ls & vHkhrd!
bjkkn
59
milagkj (Afterword)
,d eqfLye nqrdkjh vkSjr & bj'kkn eka>h&
ds dqN fopkj vkSj dqN Lohdkj
eSa ,d okl dj jgh gw vkSj ,sls okl esa geskk gh jkLrs cnyrs jgrs gSAa blhfy, esjh fdrkc dh bl
u;h vko`fk ij vki u;k khkZd (Title) ns[k jgs gksx
a As
eSua s 2003 ds var esa ^^bLyke ds elkby** fdrkc fy[kh rkfd dqN loky dj ldw & dqN ppkZ,a gks ldsx
a h
& dqN vkSj HkhA ij ,d ckr ls cM+k gh vpaHkk gqvk & ckj&ckj ;gh lquus esa vk;k & ^^fdrkc ds vanj D;k gS
bldks NksfM,] gesa rks mlds khkZd ij gh vkifk gSA ;k fQj ^^bLyke ls dksbZ ijskkuh ugh gS & cl eqlyekuksa
ls gSA**
kk;n ;s yksx lgh FksA eqlyekuksa dks vius vki ij Vhdk djus dks sfjr djrs&djrs eq>s [kqn dbZ Bksdjsa
yx pqdh gSAa fdUrq tc dqN vkilh fopkj&foekZ djuk gSa rks gesa NksVh ckrksa ls ij mBuk iM+x
s kA vxj fdrkc
dk uke ^êqlyekuksa ds lkFk ijskkfu;k** j[kk tk, rks mlesa Hkh dqN fookn [kM+s gksx
a !s dqN yksx t:j dgsx
a s fd
;g cl jktuhfr ls gh sfjr gS & ;k ;g ,d [kkl tu lewg ij gh geyk gSA gk] fdrkc fcdus ds fy, rks Bhd
gS ij blls gekjs eudh ckrsa rks ugha fudysx
a h] u\
fQj gy D;k fudyk\ bl u;h vko`fk esa uke cnydj ^^vkt bLyke ds elys** dj fn;k gSA ^vkt* kCn
Mkyus ls eSa le>rh gw dkQh dqN gy gks tk,xkA vkf[kjdkj eSua s ;gh rks fn[kkus dh iwjh dksfkk dh gS fd
fdlh le; bLyke nqfu;k esa lc ls vkxs Fkk & pkgs [kkst djus es]a pkgs pht+s cukus esa ;k u, rjhds <a<w us esAa
bLyke us vkt dh ikpkR; laLfr dks Hkh cgqr dqN vkdkj fn;k gS ftlds fy, mUgsa bLyke dk kqfdz;k vnk
djuk pkfg,A
eq>s fQj ls dgus nhft, fd leL;k bLyke ds lkFk ugh gS ij vkt ds bLyke ls gSA pfy, eSua s
viuh xyrh rks eku yh] vc eq>ij ckj&ckj Vhdk djus okyksa ls Hkh lquuk pkgwxh fd os dgk xyr gS!a
vkSj esjs cgqr ls fuand gSAa eq>s ukilan djus okys dbZ eqfLye fQj Hkh ckrphr esa Bksl fopkj vkSj lksp ls
dke ysrs gSAa ij dbZ xquk T;knk rks ,sls yksx gSa tks eq>s fcydqy gh pqi djkuk pkgrs gSAa esjh osclkbV ij dbZ
kefd;k vkrh jgrh gSAa ;s d+kfrykuk fopkj ds yksx eq>s kghn gksus dh vPNkb;k Hkh fxukrs jgrs ga!S pkgrs rks gS
fd eq>s ^nkst[k dh vkx* esa >ks[a k dj os [kqn viuh lkj gwjas gkfly dj ys!a dqN bruk gh tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd eSa
fdl gokbZ tgkt ls lQj dj jgh gwA
buesa dbZ kefd;k Hkh etsn+ kj gksrh gSA ^ckfor* uke ds vkneh us fy[kk gS ^^D;k flQZ fnekx+ gS blhfy,
mldk ;ksx Hkh djrh jgksxh\** vc iwN gh fy;k gS rks crk Hkh nw & ij fQj dgrk gS ^^;g dqQz QSykuk can dj
nks vkSj o jgrs gq, ekQh ekx yksA rqEgkjs tSls yksx+ rks bl nqfu;k esa jgus gh ugha pkfg, & blhfy, rks nkst[k
cuk gS] ;gk ftruk yqRQ ys ldks] ys yks D;ksfa d cl [kqnk gh tkurk gS fd ekath dk D;k gksus okyk gSA**
ekfUVvy ds gokbZ vM~Ms ij ,d eqlyeku vkneh esjh lgsyh ds ikl vkdj cksyk] ^^rqe rks viuh lgsyh ls
T;knk fdLer okyh gksA** tc mldh rjQ lokfy;k ut+j ls ns[kk rks mlus gkFk ls fiLrkSy dh kD+y cukbZ vkSj
xksyh pykus dh ,sfDVax dhA tc mls lkQ&lkQ dgus ds fy, cksyk rks dgk ^^mls rks ckn esa gh irk pysxk fd
bl dk eryc D;k gS**A
eSua s Mjdj dHkh ugha ft;k gS & ,d ckj Hkh ughaA eSua s tc bl fdrkc dks fy[kuk kq: fd;k gh Fkk rc
lyeku #nh us eq>s tks dgk Fkk og vkt Hkh rkt+k gSA eSua s mUgsa iwNk fd ,d toku eqfLye yM+dh dks ,slh
fdrkc fy[kus dks D;ksa dgk ftlls mldh ft+Unxh esa dgj gks ldrk gS\ bl ckr dk rks mUgsa [kqn Hkh rtqckZ gSA
rc cksys ^^D;ksfa d ,d fdrkc ft+Unxh ls c<+dj gSA** eSua s glrs gq, lkspk vc kk;n dqN xaHkhj ckr dgsx
a !s ^êSa
FkksM+k foLrkj ls crkrk gw]** mUgksua s dgk ^^tc ys[kd ,d fopkj dV djrk gS rks okpd bldk fkDdkj dj ldrs
gS fojksk dj ldrs gS] tksk ls] ;k rkdr ls Hkh! ij ml fopkj dks feVk ugh ldrs! og rks ,d vueksy
vfeV rksgQk gS tks ys[kd bl nqfu;k dks nsrk gS**A fdruh cM+h ckr dg x,! thus dk lgkjk gks tSl!s
bu kefd;ksa ds vykok dqN vPNh [kcjsa Hkh gSAa vius lkFkh eqlyekuksa ls mEehn ls dgha c<+dj gh lgkjk
feyk&I;kj Hkh feykA nks [kkl rcdks ds yksxksa us [kwc lgkjk fn;k & eqfLye vkSjrsa vkSj ukStoku eqlyeku & esjh
osclkbV ij <sjksa fpfB~B;k vkb dqN kqfdz;k dgus vkSj dqN ,d eqf dh Hkkouk lsA lyek uke dh yM+dh us
fy[kk] eSa lkyksa lky ls iwNrh vkbZ gw fd dqjku esa vkSj bLyke esa vkSjrksa dk D;k LFkku gS\ ij tokc dHkh feyk
rks bruk gh ^vksg lyek rqe ,d fnu le> tkvksxh*A vkids lkQ&lkQ lPph ckr fy[kus] bfrgkl esa [kkst
djus vkSj ekuork ds lkFk se ds fy, kqfdz;kA**
60
ftu eqfLye vknfe;ksa uas vius fopkj fy[ks mUgksua s gj o vius thou esa kkfey gqbZ ;k fjrksa dh vkSjrksa
dk t+:j ft+dj fd;kA cM+s yxko ls & dHkh ,d csVs dh gSfl;r ls dHkh HkkbZ dh & vUoj us tks fy[kk og eu
dks Nw x;kA ^^vkidh osclkbV ij dbZ ,sls lan
s k gSa ftuls muds t+gjhysiu dk vankt+ gks tkrk gSA viuh yM+kbZ
t+kjh jf[k, vki U;k; ds lgh jkLrs ij gSAa esjh rhu yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vki gh vknkZ gSAa **
eq>s fcydqy LrafHkr djus okyh fph Fkh ,d eqfLye vkSjr dh tks dkUlkl vejhdk esa jgrh gSAa lkyksa
lky og kCnk% dqjku dk ikyu djrh vkbZ Fkha vkSj lc fgnk;rksa dks [kqnk dh nsu gh le>rh FkhaA mUgksua s dgk
^^vc eSa vius fny ds xhrksa dks ncus ugh nwx
a hA esjs dyk dh rjQ >qdko dk Hkh [kaMu ugh d:axhA** ij ;g lc
djrs] dgrs mls ?kksj vdsyis u dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA dgrh gSa ^êsjh vkilh ckrphr vkSj lkspfopkj dh
vkwjh reUukvksa ls eSa ijskku gwA bl nqfu;k esa vkneh vkSj vkSjr dks vyx&vyx ut+fj;s ls ns[kk tkrk gSA eSa
dSls eku yw fd vkneh rks viuh ckr vfkdkj ls j[k ldrk gS & ij eSa tks iRuh vkSj ek ds fjrksa dks bZeku ls
fuHkk jgh gw mldh rks dksbZ igpku gh ugha gSA tSls ;g rks esjk QtZ gh Fkk & dksbZ cM+h ckr ;k R;kx rks ugha
FkkA eSa ,dne vkf[kjh eksM+ rd igqp xbZ gwA** mlus ,d vkSj Hkh .k dj fy;k gS] pkgs tks Hkh gks tk,A dgrh gS]a
^êSa lksprh gw fd lqkkj dh fdz;k ,d ea= cu ldrh gSA esjh fuBk flQZ vPNs fopkj vkSj vknkks ds lkFk tqMh+
j[kwx
a h pkgs ;g ckr mu iXxM+ okys ;k Vksih okys] ;k fgt+kc iguus okfy;ksa dks ilUn vk, ;k u vk,( dHkh Hkh
fdlh [kkl tulekt] <dkslys ;k laLfr ds lkFk ugh jgwxhA
vkt+knh dk ;g eryc rks ugha gS fd mlesa HkzVkpkj ugha gksrk! vkt+kn lekt esa tSls frHkkoku~ erksa dks
;k O;fDr;ksa dks c<+kok feysxk] ogha lekt lcls HkzV yksxksa dks Hkh thus nsxkA ij bl otg ls vkt+knh dks de
djuk ;k jksduk xyr gksxkA mlls dsoy lcls uhpro gh iuirs jgsx
a As [kqnk dh nh gqbZ ^pquus dh kf* dks
vki >qBs pkj ds vkkkj ij jksd ysrs gSa & rks mlls vPNk rks ;gh gksxk fd [kqyh vuSfrdrk dks gh c<+us ns!a **
fdruh vPNh ckr dgh gS & fQj Hkh eq>s lekkku D;ksa ugha gks jgk gS\
D;ksfa d vHkh Hkh ,sls lqkkjoknh erksa dks pqIih esa nck ds j[kk tk jgk gSA eq>s ckkbZ nsus okys ;k esjs [kqys
Hkkk.kksa ds ckn gyds ls kU;okn dgus okys T;knkrj yksx dgrs gSa fd og vHkh [kqy dj dqN ugha dg ldrs!
mUgsa ;gh Mj jgrk gS fd vxj os et+gc ds ckjs esa vius fopkj dV djsx
a s rks ijskkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+
ldrk gSA ;s ijskkuh mUgsa tkr ckgj dj nsx
a s ;k lekt ls vyx gksuk iM+x
s k ,slh ugh gSa & mUgsa Mj gS fd
mudks vkSj muds ifjokjksa dks muds gh lkFkh eqlyeku kkjhfjd {kfr igqpk,axAs
eSa muds Mj dks c<+kuk ugha pkgrhA cl ;gh fn[kkuk pkgrh gw fd bLyke dks lqkkjus esa dksbZ [k+rjk ugh
gSA blhfy, eSa gj o vius ckWMhxkMZ dks lkFk ysdj ugha tkrh gwA oSls esjs fy, rks vkSj Hkh [k+rjk gks x;k gS
,slk eq>s lqj{kk vfkdkjh crkrs gSa ] D;ksfa d vc esjh fdrkcsa vjch Hkkkk vkSj mnwZ esa Hkh Nih gS]a tks Hkkjr vkSj
ikfdLrku esa cgqr pyrh gSAa nj vly ckr rks ;gh gS fd vxj eSa eqlyekuksa dks blh ckr ij eukuk pkgrh gw]
fd ge yksx lkk ds f[kykQ+ yM+rs gq, Hkh th ldrs gSa rks ;g ugh gks ldrk fd esjs ihNs gj o ,d eksVk
vkneh [kM+k gksdj lcdks ?kwjrk jgs! eq>s rks ,d uewuk isk djuk gksxk] u\
pyks ;gk rd rks Bhd gSA bLyke ds ckjs esa ppkZ djrs gq, eSua s fczVus ls csfYt;e] vkWLVfs y;k ls dukMk]
gkWyM
Sa ls vejhdk rd( nqfu;k Hkj ds oklksa esa dkQh lqjf{kr eglwl fd;k gSA blh ls eq>s ;dhu gks x;k gS fd
vc ifpe ds eqlyekuksa dks bfTrgkn dks fQj ls kq: djus dk cgqr vPNk ekSdk gSA blh ls bLyke dh iqjkuh
Lora= fopkj djus ;k lkspus dh Fkk fQj ls thfor gks dj iui ldrh gSA
eSa bl ckr ls rks bUdkj ugha djrh gw fd dbZ eqlyekuksa dks ifpeh nskksa esa ijskkfu;k >syuh iM+h gS]a
mu ij ut+j j[kh xbZ gS vkSj muds lkFk Hksn&Hkko Hkh fd;k x;k gSA eSua s [kqn lu~ 1991 esa [kkMh ;q) ds nkSjku
bls Hkqxrk gS] tc eq>s fcuk fdlh dkj.k ds ,d ljdkjh Hkou ls fudky fn;k x;k Fkk! ij blls ,d cM+h ckr
dks ugh >qByk ldrs fd ifpe ds eqlyeku vxj vius dqjku kjhQ ds ckjs esa loky iwNus dh fgEer dj
ldrs gSa vkSj mlh ds lgkjs tks ekuoha vfkdkjksa dk guu gks jgk gS bldh fuUnk djrs gSa rks gesa bl ckr dh rks
fpUrk ugha gksuh pkfg, fd ogk dh ljdkj ls gesa tsy Hkstk tk,xk] iRFkj ekjs tk,ax]s dksM+s iM+x
sa s ;k tku ls gkFk
kksus iM+x
sa !s tSlk eSa igys gh dg pqdh gw geesa ls dbZ rks ;g ckr le> pqds gSa ij geesa ls gh vfkdrj yksx
[kqydj bu ckrksa dks ugha dg jgs gSAa
vc gekjs lkeus ;gh pqukSfr gS fd cnyko ds fy, gekjh fNih gqbZ Hkw[k+ dks [kqys esa ykdj t+kfgj
djuk gksxkA eSa [kqn gekjs toku eqlyeku vkSj xSj eqlyekuksa ds lkFk feydj bls c<+k jgh gwA vki Hkh pkgrs gSa
rks esjh osclkbV ij tkdj laidZ esa jg ldrs gSAa
vHkh rks eS viuh dqN & NksVh gh lgh & d+ke;kfc;ksa dh [kqfk;k euk jgh gw! vkSj os gSa Hkh dbZ &
61
esjs e; iwoZ ds dkkdksa ds ugha pkgus ij Hkh esjs toku eqlyeku

nksLrksa us esjh fdrkc dks vjch
Hkkkk esa Niok dj mls bUVjusV ij Hkh Myok fn;k rkfd os fcuk ijskkuh ;k dkVNkV ds mls i<+ ldsa
esjh fdrkc vjch esa Nius ds nks fnu ckn esa tkWMuZ ds ,d toku
yM+ds us bZ&esy Hkstk fd og
,d xziq cukdj lkjs fok;ksa ij ppkZ
dj ds lkjh ckrksa dk pkj Hkh djsxkA
og vejhdh vjc vkSjr tks esjs Hkkk.k ds nkSjku eq>s rqPNrk ls ns[krh jgh ij kke [kRe gksus ls igys
gh kkar Loj esa eku xbZ fd ^^ge eqlyekuksa dks dkQh fopkj djus dh t+:jr gSA**
vkWDlQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh esa feyk ,d eqfLye ;qxy ftUgksua s d+cy
w fd;k fd os dHkh ugha lksprs Fks fd eq>ls
lger gksx
a s & ij fQj
;g iwNus yxs fd os D;k enn dj ldrs gSAa
mkjh vejhdk ds ;gwnh vkSj eqfLye fo|kFkhZ igyh ckj lkFk cSBdj vius elys lqy>kus dk ;kl dj
jgs gSAa
kal dh og ukfLrd ftlds vkjkensg fopkjksa dks dkQ+h kDdk yxk ij vc dgus yxh eSa nksLrksa dks rks
;g crk Hkh ugha ldrh & os rks eq>s iRFkj ekjsx
a As
vkLVfs y;k dk og eqlyeku ftl us eq>s dgk ^^rqEgkjh fdrkc ;gk t+:j fcduh pkfg, rkfd ;gk dh
ubZ ih<+h dks irk pys fd mudks bLyke ds uke ij tqYe djus okyksa ds f[k+ykQ vkokt+ mBkuh gSA
lnh vjc dh og yM+dh ftlus ,d ukjkt+ cqtx
q Z dks U;w;kdZ esa crk;k fd ;gh fcydqy lgh le; gS
,slh fdrkc ds fy,!
vVykUVk vejhdk dh og fgt+kc iguh gqbZ vkSjr ftlus dgk fd og esjs fy[ks fdrkc ls bruh
fopfyr gks xbZ fd vc og Hkh viuh ,d fdrkc fy[kus tk jgh gSA gk eSua s mlls tks oknk fd;k Fkk fd
vius dkkd ls feyokaxh og vHkh Hkh dk;e gS!
esjh lcls vPNh dgkuh rks esjh ek ds iwjs cnyko dh gSA igys rks eq>s d+kQh fQd+j gksrh Fkh & ;k dfg,
nkskh iuk yxrk Fkk & fd esjs fdrkc dk muij D;k vlj gksxkA esjh lqj{kk dh fpUrk gh ugha ij lekt dh
eat+wjh dh fQd+j FkhA
,d fnu ek us eq>s Qksu fd;k fd esjh fdrkc Nius ds ckn igyh ckj gh og efLtn esa xbZ FkhA d+kQh yksx
Vhdk djsx
a s blds fy, rks og rS;kj gh Fkh & tks cgqr dqN fey Hkh xbZ! beke lkgc us eq>s vkslkek&fcu&yknsu
ds lkFk&lkFk foo ds eqfLye mEek lekt esa QwV Mkyus dk nkskh djkj fn;kA vius vklw tSl&
s rSls jksddj
og iwjs Hkkk.k esa cSBh jghA ckn esa dbZ yksxkas us mls pqids ls vkdj crk;k fd ^^tks bjkkn us dgk gS og rks
dgk tkuk gh pkfg, FkkA** mudh ckrksa ls ek dks cgqr fnyklk feyk fd eSa vius vki ls uQjr djus okyh
eqlyeku ugha Fkh tks bLyke ds f[kykQ dksbZ futh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh gksA
nks grs ckn eSa vius fdrkc ds pkj ds nkSjku ek ds ikl FkhA ml o mUgksua s pqids ls esjs lwVdsl esa
,d fph j[k nh tks eq>s okil vkus ds ckn gh feyhA mlesa lkeus fy[kk Fkk ^^kkckk** vkSj vanj fy[kk Fkk
^^c<+rs tkvks] csVh!** vkt Hkh eSa og dkMZ gj txg ys tkrh gwA cgqr [kqkh gksrh gS fd esjh ek tSlh Hkf esa yhu
vkSjr Hkh esjs pqHkrs loky lqu ldrh gS] lg ldrh gS & pkgs og muds cgqr Hkkoukvksa ij okj dj jgs gks!a
ek us dqN fnu igys eq>s dgk ^^rqe us eq>s esjh vkokt+ okil nh gSA** vkSj Hkh dbZ yksx
a ks us eq>s ;gh dgkA
kFkZuk djrh gw ge lc viuh vkoktsa bdk feyk dj bl Hk;kud pqIih dks rksM+ ldsa & geskk ds fy,!
bjkkn ekath
VksjUVks 2005
kuC pìtik`yaaeM
[rSaad maaMjaI kI pustk "Aaja [slaama kI proSaainayaa" ko dao saMskrNa AMga`jo a,I maoM knaaDa sao AaOr Aba Baart sao BaI Cp cauko hO.
M [sakao
Aroibak evaM ]dU- maoM BaI p`kaiSat ikyaa gayaa hO. pUrI jaanakarI ko ilae ]nakI vaobasaa[T www.muslim-refusenik.com doK.
oM
[saIpr saaro saMdBa- BaI imala jaaeMgao. k[- doSaaoM maoM iktaba pr pìtbaMQa laga gaeM [sailae kuC vaobasaa[T pr BaI ]plabQa hOM .
Cpnao ko baad duinayaa ko saBaI doSaaoM maoM TIkap`d yaa p`SaMsaa%mak laoK Cpo.
M ]namaoM sao kuC hI naIcao ]wirt ike jaa rhoM hO.
M
Aa[yao ek saaf hkIkt ka saamanaa kro.

M mauJao [rSaad maaMjaI sao nafrt krnaI caaihe.Agar mausalamaana ]sakI saunato hOM tao vah
mauJa jaOsao laaogaaoM kao saunanaa baMd kr dogM ao ek [maama\\ saahba
"[-maanadarI AaOr sauQaar ko ilae ek jaaordar pukar." glaaoba AnOD maola
62
"[rSaad nao khIM BaI ApnaI mauislamata kI phcaana nahI CaoDI hO. @yaa krnaa caahtI hO vah bahut saaf hO vah yao maananao kao tyyaar
nahI hO ik [slaama ek zhra huAa AaOr sa#t ZaMcaa hO." à[Do Ta[msa paikstana
"maOM [rSaad kao yahI khMgU aI ik Apnaa spYT AaOr Aaja,ad rvaOyyaa ka,yama rKo.
M ]sa ko mau_o ipClao k[- dSakaoM ko sabasao Ahma\ mau_o
hO.
M " jaona maansaiba`ja hava-D- kI pàf
o so ar
"ek eosaI iktaba jaao pZnaovaalao kao savaala pUCnao ka Aah\vaana dotI hO.mausalamaana samaaja ko caup rhnaovaalao laaogaaoM ka kt-vya hO ik vao
[sa saMBaaYaNa maoM ihssaa lao lao.
M " ivainnapoga fÌ p`so a
"]BartI laaoktain~k ivacaarQaaraAaoM maoM javaana mausalamaana ApnaI AakaMxaaAaoM ko Anausaar kuC khnaa AaOr krnaa caahto hO.
M vao @yaa
khnaa caahto hOM yah Aapkao [rSaad ko ihmmatvaalaI iktaba sao maalaUma pDogaa. qaamasa fÌDmaOna nyaUyaak- Ta[msa
"yah JaUZ froba vaalaI iktaba Aba [slaama ko ilae ek gaa[D, bana ga[- hO" Arba nyaUja, sa}dI Arba
"[rSaad nao jaao kha hO ]sasao mauJao bahut AaScaya- huAa.AaOr maO bahut AaBaarI BaI hU.
M " ihSaama hsaballaa 'mauislamavaokApka^ma\
"hmanaoM pZa qaa 'kao[- BaI vyai> maja,hba yaa saMskRit iCpae rKkr nahI kh sakto ik vahI AcCI hO. drvaajaoM Kaolakr sabako
saaqa rhoM tao pta laga hI jaaegaa ik saca maoM kaOna baohtr hO. SamaIma baaMgalaadoSa
"Aap nao vahI kha jaao ek mausalamaana haokr maOM nahI kh sakI caup hI rhI.Dr tao lagata hO pr maOM caahtI hMU ik laaoga, Aap kI
Aroibak iktaba pZo.
M Saui` k`yaa." imasa`sao ek AaOrt
[sa iktaba kI bahut saIQaI naIit lagatI hO ik laaoga ]saI baat pr Qyaana koiM d`t kroM ijasa ko baaro maoM vao kuC kr sako.
M ifr ]samaoM
caaho ijatnaI galaityaaM haoM vah ek bauinayaadI naOitk ija,mmaodarI lao laotI hO. jasTInapaoDr
lagata hO ik maaMjaI [slaama pr kovala Apnao inajaI svatM~ta ko ilae hI Qyaana dotI hO ]sako AaQyaai%mak phlaUAaoM kao nahI doKtI.
]sako ilae yahI mah%va rKta hO ik raojamaro- ko jaIvana pr @yaa Asar haogaa AaOr vah BaI ]sa kao piScama maoM imalanaovaalao vyai>gat
Aaja,adI pr dI ihndU 2004
63

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Aaja [slaama ko masalao

saaMsitk gaaOrva saMsqaana

lg;ksx jkfk % 65 #i;s

,d [kqyh fpB~Bh **esjs lkFkh eqlyekuks*a !

% eSa nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku dSls cuh

geus lkspuk dc cUn dj fn;k

% njokt+s vkSj dejcan

% dkSu fdldks /kks[kk ns jgk gS \

% lPpkbZ dh rkjhQ esa

% if'pe ds fy, ,s [kqnk] rsjk 'kqf;k

eSa nqRdkjh xbZ eqlyeku dSls cuh

vPNk ;g ckr gS & fcYdqy Bhd] vkSj eSa fudy gh xbZA

D;ksfa d vxj vki *vkn'kZ okD;ksa ij* lPps fVds jgsx

geus lkspuk dc cUn fd;k

viuh lokjh vkSj mlds thu ij [kkl fukku yxkvksxs

vius Vksih ij igpku ds fy, fukku yxkvksxs

eSa tks Hkh pkgw og loky iwN ldrh gwA

dgk tkuk gS ;g eSa gh r; d:xhA

njokt+s vkSj dejcan

ij tSls 'kkgnsg us vius gh fdrkc ij *lsUlj* dh dSp

dkSu fdldks /kks[kk ns jgk gS \**

bLyke dk iksf'knk fgLlk\

deky vrkrqdZ us bLyke ds *cqfu;knh ekSdks*a ls ukrk rksMd

cSad dks feyk gSA

lPpkbZ dh rkjhQ esa

j[kdj gesa [kqys lekt dk gd ekuuk iM+x

ckr rks ;kn gksxh!

if'pe ds fy, ,s [kqnk] rsjk 'kqf;k

,d&flQZ [kqnk gh fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds lp dks tkurk gSA

esjs e; iwoZ ds dkkdksa ds ugha pkgus ij Hkh esjs toku eqlyeku

Aa[yao ek saaf hkIkt ka saamanaa kro.

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D;ksfa d vxj vki vkn'kZ okD;ksa ij lPps fVds jgsx

ij tSls 'kkgnsg us vius gh fdrkc ij lsUlj dh dSp

deky vrkrqdZ us bLyke ds cqfu;knh ekSdksa ls ukrk rksMd