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Analog Electronics:
Basic OpAmp Applications:
c
Copyright
Virgínio de Oliveira Sannibale, 2002
Contents
2
Chapter 5
5.1 Introduction
In this chapter we will briefly describe some quite useful circuit based on
Op-Amp, BJT transistors and diodes.
Rf
R
V1
I I
I1
−
R A Vo
V2 +
I2
R
Vn
In
3
CHAPTER 5. BASIC OP-AMP APPLICATIONS 4
Vo = −Rf I,
we will have
N
X Rf
Vo = A Vn , A=− .
n=1 R
Rf
R1
V1 + −
Vo
+
V2 +
R2
−
R0
if
R Zf
−
Rf
vs (t)
Zf
Amperometer
is
Rf
−
Rs + v o=−is R f
is
Q
D
R R
Vi Vi
− Vo − Vo
G G
+
+
kB T
vo = [ln (vi ) − ln (RIs )] .
−q
The constant term ln (RIs ) is a systematic error that can estimated and
subtracted at the output. It is worth to notice that vi must be positive to
have the circuit working.
R R
D
Vi Vi
− Vo Q − Vo
G G
+ +
where in the argument of the exponential function we have the input volt-
age. Considering that
vo = −Ri ,
thus
vo ' −RIs e−qVi /kB T .
If the input vi is negative, we have to reverse the diode’s connection or
replace the BJT with a pnp BJT.
v1 R
Logarithmic
R
Amplifier
R
v2 Logarithmic
Amplifier
−
anti−Logarithmic
vo
G Amplifier
+
v1 Logarithmic R
Amplifier −
anti−Logarithmic
vo
Amplifier
v2 Logarithmic +
Amplifier R
√
ω0 = ω 2 ω1
ω0
Q =
ω2 − ω 1
Apb < 2Q2
Set the same value C for the two capacitors and compute the resistance
values
CHAPTER 5. BASIC OP-AMP APPLICATIONS 10
C1
R3
R1 C2
Vi
−
Vo
G
+
R2
R0
Q
R1 =
ω0 CApb
Q
R2 =
ω0 C (2Q2 − Apb )
Q
R3 =
ω0 C
Verify that
R3
Apb = 2 < 2Q2
R1
See [1] sections 8-4.2, and 8-5.3 for more details.
D1
− vo
− D0 A1
vi A0 +
(
V1 , vi > vref
vo =
V2 , vi ≤ vref
V1 − V + V+ − V o V1 R 1 + V o R 2
I= = , ⇒ V+ = .
R2 R1 R1 + R 2
The output Vo can have two values, ±Vsat . Consequently, V+ will as-
sume just two trip points values
R2
V1 = − Vo
R1
CHAPTER 5. BASIC OP-AMP APPLICATIONS 13
Vi
−
Vo
+
R1
V+
R2
V1
(utp)
V+
t
(ltp)
V+
+Vsat
t
−Vsat
100kΩ
−
Vo
Vi G
+
1kΩ
10nF
Vi
−
Vo
G
+1.5V +
−10V
3. Design a Schmitt trigger with two diode clamps and one resistor con-
nected to the output.
16