Calculates Series and Shunt Resistors

Data Input: Speaker Impedance? Desired Attenuation? Amplifier Power/Channel? Data Output: Series Resistor = Parallel Resistor = Series Resistor Power = 8 Ohms 20 Decibels 50 Watts 7.20 Ohms 0.89 Ohms 45.00 Watts

Parallel Resistor Power = Speaker Power = Extra info: Shunt || Speaker = Amplifier Output Current (@ Full Power) = Current through Series Resistor (@ Full Power) = Current through Shunt Resistor (@ Full Power) = Current through Speaker (@ Full Power) = Amplifier Output Voltage (@ Full Power) = Voltage across Shunt and Speaker (@ Full Power) = Voltage across Series Resistor (@ Full Power) =

4.50 Watts 0.50 Watts

0.80 2.50 2.50 2.25 0.25 20.00 2.00

Ohms Amps Amps Amps Amps Volts Volts

18.00 Volts

Pout = Vout Iout = power absorbed by

Pdirect = the power that would be abs

Linsertion = 10 log10 (Pdirect / Pout ). And

Loss Lpad. Loss is defined to be Lp

Attenuation expressed in decibels of relative power. A 3dB pad reduces power to one half, 6dB to one fourth, 10dB to one tenth, 20dB to one hundredth, 30dB to one thousandth and so on. For voltage you double the dBs so for example 6dB is half in voltage.

L-Pad for impedance matching resistor calculation

If a source and load are both resistive (i.e. Z1 and Z2 have zero or very small imaginary part) then a resistive L-pad can be used to match them to each other. As shown, either side of the L-pad can be the source or load, but the Z1 side must be the side with the higher impedance.

see Valkenburg p 11-3[5]

Symbols used
Passive, resistive pads and attenuators are bidirectional two-ports, but in this section they will be treated as unidirectional. ZS = the output impedance of the source. ZLoad = the input impedance of the load. Zin = the impedance seen looking into the input port when ZLoad is connected to the output port. Zin is a function of the load impedance. Zout = the impedance seen looking into the output port when Zs is connected to the input port. Zout is a function of the source impedance. Vs = source open circuit or unloaded voltage. Vin = voltage applied to the input port by the source. Vout = voltage applied to the load by the output port. Iin = current entering the input port from the source. Iout = current entering the load from the output port. Pin = Vin Iin = power entering the input port from the source. Pout = Vout Iout = power absorbed by the load from the output port. Pdirect = the power that would be absorbed by the load if the load were connected directly to the source. Lpad = 10 log10 (Pin / Pout ) always. And if Zs = ZLoad then Lpad = 20 log10 (Vin / Vout ) also. Note, as defined, Loss 0 dB Linsertion = 10 log10 (Pdirect / Pout ). And if Zs = ZLoad then Linsertion = Lpad. Loss Lpad. Loss is defined to be Lpad.

function l_pad_calculator() { level_change_decibels = eval(document.l_pad_input.level_change_decibels.value); ohm_load = eval(document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value); series_resistor = eval(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value); parallel_resistor = eval(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value); level_factor = eval(document.l_pad_input.level_factor.value); total_parallel_resistance = eval(document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value); amplifier_power = eval(document.l_pad_input.amplifier_power.value); maximum_current_series = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value); maximum_current_parallel = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value); maximum_current_speaker = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value); maximum_current = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value); maximum_voltage = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value); series_resistor_power = eval(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value); parallel_resistor_power = eval(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value); ratio_parallel_to_total = eval(document.l_pad_input.ratio_parallel_to_total.value); voltage_parallel_resistors = eval(document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value); voltage_series_resistor = eval(document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value); speaker_power = eval(document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value);

// attenuation factor document.l_pad_input.level_factor.value = Math.pow(10, (document.l_pad_input.level_change_decibels.value*.0

// Total parallel resistance document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value = eval(document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value/document.l

// Parallel resistor value document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value = eval(1/((1/document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value) // Series Resistor document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value-document.l_pad_input.to

// Maximum current document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value = Math.sqrt(document.l_pad_input.amplifier_power.value/docum

// Maximum input voltage document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value = Math.sqrt(document.l_pad_input.amplifier_power.value*docu

// Power in series resistor document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value = eval(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value*documen // ratio

document.l_pad_input.ratio_parallel_to_total.value = (document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value)/(ev

// voltage across parallel resistors document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value = (document.l_pad_input.ratio_parallel_to_total.value*do

// Power dissipated in shunt resistor document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value = ((Math.pow(document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resis

// Voltage across series resistance document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value*docu

// Power dissipated in speaker document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value = ((Math.pow(document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.valu // current in series resistor document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value = eval(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value);

// shunt plus speaker parallel_plus_speaker = (eval(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value)+eval(document.l_pad_input.ohm_lo

// Current through shunt resistor document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value*(doc

// Current through speaker document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value*(doc // Rounding

document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value*100); document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value); document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value/100); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value*100); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value/100); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value*100); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value); document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.series_resistor_power.value/100); document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value*100); document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value); document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor_power.value/100); document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value*100); document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value); document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value = (document.l_pad_input.speaker_power.value/100);

document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value*100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_series.value/100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value*100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value/100);

document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value*100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.va document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_parallel.value/100);

document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value*100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.v document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_current_speaker.value/100);

document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value = (document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value*100); document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value = (document.l_pad_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value/100); document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value*100); document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value); document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value = (document.l_pad_input.voltage_series_resistor.value/100);

document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value = (document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value*100); document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value); document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value = (document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value/100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value*100); document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value = Math.round(document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value); document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value = (document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value/100);

Desired Attenuation? Speaker Impedance? Series Resistor = Parallel Resistor = Shunt || Speaker = Amplifier Power/Channel? Current through Series Resistor (@ Full Power) = Current through Shunt Resistor (@ Full Power) = Current through Speaker (@ Full Power) = Amplifier Output Current (@ Full Power) = Amplifier Output Voltage (@ Full Power) = Series Resistor Power = Parallel Resistor Power = Voltage across Shunt and Speaker (@ Full Power) = Voltage across Series Resistor (@ Full Power) = Speaker Power =

20.00 8.00 7.20 0.89 10.00 0.80 50.00 2.50 2.25 0.25 2.50 20.00 45.00 4.50 0.10 2.00 18.00 0.50

vel_change_decibels.value*.05));

.ohm_load.value/document.l_pad_input.level_factor.value);

tal_parallel_resistance.value)-(1/document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value)));

ue-document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value);

amplifier_power.value/document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value);

amplifier_power.value*document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value);

ries_resistor.value*document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value*document.l_pad_input.maximum_current.value);

parallel_resistance.value)/(eval(document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value)+eval(document.l_pad_input.total_parallel_resistance.value

io_parallel_to_total.value*document.l_pad_input.maximum_voltage.value);

_input.voltage_parallel_resistors.value, 2))/document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value);

maximum_current.value*document.l_pad_input.series_resistor.value);

oltage_parallel_resistors.value, 2))/document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value);

t.maximum_current.value);

ocument.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value));

maximum_current.value*(document.l_pad_input.ohm_load.value/parallel_plus_speaker));

maximum_current.value*(document.l_pad_input.parallel_resistor.value/parallel_plus_speaker));

istor.value);

88.88888889 89 0.89 720 720 7.2 4500 4500 45 450 5 0.045 50 1 0.01

ower.value*100); _resistor_power.value); ower.value/100);

_power.value*100); allel_resistor_power.value); _power.value/100);

rent_series.value*100); aximum_current_series.value); rent_series.value/100);

250 250 2.5 250 250 2.5 225 225 0.0225 25 25 0.25 200 200 2 1800 1800 18 80 80 0.8 2000 2000 20

m_current.value);

urrent_parallel.value*100); maximum_current_parallel.value); urrent_parallel.value/100);

urrent_speaker.value*100); maximum_current_speaker.value); urrent_speaker.value/100);

el_resistors.value*100); oltage_parallel_resistors.value); el_resistors.value/100);

esistor.value*100); age_series_resistor.value); esistor.value/100);

esistance.value*100); al_parallel_resistance.value); esistance.value/100);

m_voltage.value);

20

0.05

10

0.8

0.888888889

7.2

50

2.5

20

45

al_parallel_resistance.value));

0.1

4.5

18

0.5

2.5

8.888888889

2.25

0.25

Speaker Impedance? Desired Attenuation? Amplifier Power/Channel? Series Resistor = Parallel Resistor = Series Resistor Power = Parallel Resistor Power = Speaker Power =

8 0.5 50 0.45 135.01 2.80 2.64 44.56

8 1 50 0.87 65.56 5.44 4.85 39.72

8 2 50 1.65 30.90 10.28 8.17 31.55

8 3 50 2.34 19.39 14.60 10.34 25.06

8 4 50 2.95 13.68 18.45 11.64 19.91

8 5 50 3.50 10.28 21.88 12.31 15.81

8 6 50 3.99 8.04 24.94 12.50 12.56

8 7 50 4.43 6.46 27.67 12.36 9.98

8 8 50 4.82 5.29 30.09 11.98 7.92

8 9 50 5.16 4.40 32.26 11.45 6.29

8 10 50 5.47 3.70 34.19 10.81 5.00

8 15 50 6.58 1.73 41.11 7.31 1.58

8 20 50 7.20 0.89 45.00 4.50 0.50

L-Pad Values
160 50.00 45.00 40.00

Series Resistor = Parallel Resistor = Series Resistor Power = Parallel Resistor Power =

140
120 100

35.00
Power (Watts)

30.00 25.00
20.00 15.00 10.00

80
60

40
20

5.00 0.00
0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 dB Attenuation

111545279.xlsx.ms_office