1) G.

wm cvIqvi mvcvB (mieivn)| 2) dR Ges wbDUvj | 3) wmsMj dR Ges w_dR mvwKU 4) dR wmKzq wWUK&kb ( wbbq Kiv) Ges U|

G.wm cvIqvi mvcvB (mieivn)

Alternating current nQ eZgvb wek we`yr mieivni mvdjRbK gvag we`yr Drcv`b K` nBZ MvnK wbKU we`yr mieivni Rb | Kb ? wWwm we`y&r mieivn AcvKZ gvUv Zvii cqvRb nq | gvUv Zvi ->> LiP ekx| wWwm we`yr mieivn jm& ekx nq | Kb ? we`yr cevn evav AwaKZi |

wWwm we`yr mieivn wK NU ? GKwU mij wWwm mvwKU 2(`yB)wU Ask _vK t 1) we`yZi Drm ( hvnv mvavibZt GwU evUvwi nq _vK| ) 2) jvW ( iwRwf jvW) | evUvixii 2wU Uvvwgbvj _vK t K) cwRwUf , L) wbMwUf | KviU cevni w`K t KviU wbMwUf Uvwgbvj nZ cRwUf Uvwgbvj cevwnZ nq | memgq GKB w`K cevwnZ nq | mKj wWwm mievni wbMwUf Uvwgbvji wecixZ Uvwgbvj nQ cRwUf Uvwgvj| Zvnv`i Aevb KLbI cwieZb nq bv| ZvB wWwmi cvjvwiwU memgq wi _vK | KviU memgq GKBw`K memgq cevwnZ nZ _vK| ZvB GUvK WvBi KviU ej|

Gwm we`yr mieivn wK NU ?

Gwm we`yr -G Kvb wdW cvjvwiwU _vK bv , mwU mgqi cwieZbi mv_ cwiewZZ nq | ZvB GUvK AvibwUs KviU ej (Alternating Current)

Gwm we`yr Drcv`bi g jbxwZ wb eYbv Kiv njv t

wKfve GKwU Gwm RbviUi we`yr Drcv`b Ki ?

Aveki gvag | AvekUv nq wKfve ? GKwU e`ywZK Zvi hLb GKwU P^K Nb Y Ki|

myZivs , Gwm RbviUi G wK cqvRb nq ?

GKwU we`yr cwievnx Ges GKwU P^K Ges AvcwKMwZ mviY

we`yr cwievnx (Zvi)

Pz^K
Pz^K

P^K

RbviUi K) Zvii jycwU nQ we`yr cwievnx , L) P^K nQ vqx Pz^K nZ Drcvw`Z P^K| M) AvcwK MwZ mvwiZ nq ZviwU hLb P^K Nb Y Kivbv nq| `yBwU AwZwi Ask we`gvb t K) wc wis - Zvii klgv_vq euvav _vK hvnviv evki mwnZ vBW Ki Zvi Nvivi mv_ mv_ | L) evk - evki gvag Drcvw`Z we`yr msMnxZ nq|

Avwbgkb c`kb

wmsMj dR Ges w_dR mvwKU

Gwm cvIqvi wmg mvavibZt `yB cKvi mvwKU we`gvb t 1)wmj dR wmg | 2)w_-dR wmg|

wmsMj dR mvwKU t
Voltage Source Load (Resistive)

Two Wires

wmsMj dR mvwKUi eenvi t wmsMj dR mvwKU mvavibZt Kg gZv mb e`ywZK hh_v t Mnjx , z` wk BZvw`Z eeZ nq| cvZ t wmsMj dR Uz Iqvi wmg , wmsMj dR w_ Iqvi wmg | `yB wmg GKB cvIqvi mvm nBZ `yB gvbi fvR cvIqv hvq

w_ dR wmg t w_ dR wmg wk mePq eeZ nq , Kvib mLvb cPzi cwigvb jvW _vK| `yB cKvi KbKk&b eeZ nq cvIqvi mvm Ges jvW t 1)Wv KvbKk&b | ( Delta Connection) 2) IqvB KvbKkb | (Wye Connection)

Wv KvbK&kb t wbi GKwU Wv KvbKkb Gi wP `Lvbv njv t GLvb 3 wU Kqj GKwU 3 dR UvdigviK `Lvbv nqQ| GK GKwU Kqji klcv q Ab `yBwU Kqji kl cv i mv_ mshy | Uvdigvi nBZ ei nIqv wZbwU Zvi wZbwU iwRvii mv_ mshy _vK|

VA

iA VB Va

ia ic Va ib

VC

iB

VA , VB , VC --- jvBb fvR | Va , Vb , Vc --- dR fvR| iA , iB , iC --- jvBb KviU | ia , ib , ic ----- dR KviU|

iC

Wv KvbKkb , jvBb fvR = dR fvR , Ges jvBb KviU =3 dR fvR

WYE connection or Star Connection :

Va

VC

VA

VB

Vc

Vb

VA , VB , VC --- jvBb fvR | Va , Vb , Vc --- dR fvR| iA , iB , iC --- jvBb KviU | ia , ib , ic ----- dR KviU| Wv KvbKkb , jvBb fvR =3 dR fvR , Ges jvBb KviU =dR fvR

dR Ges wbDUvj

TN bUIqvK t
dRq

wbDUvj

Equipment-Gi Avw_s

TN bUIqvK Earthing System G Transformer - Gi Star point Earthing - Gi mv_ Equipment-wU mshy _vK|

TN bUIqvK Gi cKvif` t

TT bUIqvK t

dRq

wbDUvj

Equipment-Gi Avw_s

Power Supply Equipment-Gi Avw_s

IT bUIqvK dRq

Equipment-Gi Avw_s

dR wmKzq wWUK&kb ( wbbq Kiv) Ges U