The Persian King Cyrus the Great began a series of conquests that led to the establishment of a powerful empire.

By the time of Cyruss death in 529 B.C., the Persian empire stretched from the border of India to Asia Minor and from the edge of Egypt to the coasts of Black Sea and Caspian Sea.

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Darius which happened to be the son-in-law of King Cyrus extended even farther by conquering Egypt, Afghanistan and northern India. Persian empire lasted only for two centuries because of their unsuccessful attempts to conquer Greece, wherein they fell to the forces of Alexander the Great in 331 B.C .

 During the Islamic conquest no literature was written in Persian language. On the ninth century, Persia experienced a literary Renaissance that lasted for several hundred years. They concentrated mainly on books that dealt with ethics and morals.

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They concentrated mainly on books that dealt with ethics and morals. Examples of these are the Gulistan or Rose Garden and the Bustan or Fruit Garden written by Sadi , it offers moral advice to the public. Persia is known for poetry. During the 9th and 10th centuries several poets attempted to write epic poems.

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The most famous is the Shah-nama or the Epic of the Kings written by Firdawsi as the national treasure of Iran. Rubai has been immortalized in the Western world through the translation of Rubaiyat. Rubaiyat is a collection of verse by the persian scientist poet Omar Khayyam.

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 For centuries , poets from all over the Arabia had gathered at first to recite odes called Gasidas praising their own tribe or making fun of others. They were committed to memory by generations of people who appreciated them for the depth of their emotion and beauty of their imagery.

 The Islamic Arab enjoyed listening to fables and folk tales. Many stories exist, but the Thousand and one Nights is by far the most famous. - it became popular in the Western World that is the most famous work of all Arabic literatures.