Power System Analysis

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Chapter 4: Load Flow Studies

Solving Nonlinear Equations using Newton-Raphson

This program gives the solution of the nonlinear equations of Example 4.1 using the Newton-Raphson method. The equations and the Jacobian matrix are explicitly entered in the program itself. The program gives the number of iterations and the final values of x1 , x2 and x3 . The program listing is given below. % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Program nwtraph THIS IS A NEWTON-RAPHSON PROGRAM We have to solve three nonlinear equations given by g1=x1^2-x2^2+x3^2-11=0 g2=x1*x2+x2^2-3x3-3=0 g3=x1-x1*x3+x2*x3-6=0 Let us assume the initial conditions of x1=x2=x3=1 The Jacobian matrix is J=[2x1 -2x2 x2 x1+2x2 1-x3 x3 2x3 -3 -x1+x2];

clear all x=[1;1;1]; % The Newton-Raphson iterations starts here del=1; indx=0; while del>1e-6 g=[x(1)^2-x(2)^2+x(3)^2-11;x(1)*x(2)+x(2)^2-3*x(3)-3; x(1)-x(1)*x(3)+x(2)*x(3)-6]; J=[2*x(1) -2*x(2) 2*x(3);x(2) x(1)+2*x(2) -3;1-x(3) x(3) -x(1)+x(2)]; delx=-inv(J)*g; x=x+delx; del=max(abs(g)); indx=indx+1; end 'NEWTON-RAPHSON SOLUTION CONVERGES IN ITERATIONS',indx,pause 'FINAL VALUES OF x ARE',x

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