MADE BY PRATEEK SINHA CLASS VIII-C ROLL NO.

- 41

WHAT ARE ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS?

 A NUMBER OR A COMBINATION OF NUMBERS CONNECTED BY THE SYMBOLS OF OPERATION +, -, x, IS CALLED AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION. EQUATIONS ARE FORMED FROM VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS.

TERMS AND FACTORS

VARIOUS PARTS OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION WHICH ARE SEPERATED BY THE SIGNS + OR ARE CALLED THE TERMS OF THE EXPRESSION. EACH TERM IN AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION IS A PRODUCT OF ONE OR MORE NUMBERS KNOWN AS THE FACTORS OF THAT TERM. FOR EX : FACTORS OF 24 =

LIKE AND UNLIKE TERMS

THE TERMS HAVING THE SAME LITERAL FACTORS ARE CALLED LIKE TERMS, OTHERWISE THEY ARE CALLED UNLIKE TERMS.

COEFFICIENT
IN A TERM OF AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION ANY OF THE FACTORS WITH THE SIGN OF THE TERM IS CALLED THE COEFFICIENT OF THE PRODUCT OF OTHER FACTORS.

MONOMIALS, BINOMIALS, TRINOMIALS AND POLYNOMIALS

EXPRESSION THAT CONTAINS ONLY ONE TER IS CALLED MONOMIAL. EXPRESSION THAT CONTAINS TWO TERMS IS CALLED BINOMIAL. EXPRESSION CONTAINING THREE TERMS IS CALLED TRINOMIALS EXPRESSION CONTAINING ONE OR MORE TERMS IS CALLED POLYNOMIALS.

ADDITION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

EX. ADD (3x3 + 2x 5) + (2x3 + x + 9) = 3x3 + 2x3 + 2x + x -5 + 9 {Collecting Like Terms} = (3 + 2)x3 + (2 + 1)x + (-5 + 9) {Adding Like Terms} = 5x3 + 3x + 4 .THIS IS HOW WE ADD ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

SUBTRACTION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

EX. SUBTRACT (4x3 + x2 + x + 6) (2x3 - 4x2 + 3x + 5) = 4x3 + x2 + x + 6 - 2x3 + 4x2 - 3x 5 = 4x3 - 2x3 + x2 + 4x2 + x -3x + 6 5 = 2x3 + 5x2 2x + 1

.THIS IS HOW WE SUBTRACT ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO MONOMIALS

EX. MULTIPLY : (3ab) x (5b) = (3 x 5) x (ab x b) = 3 x 5 x [a x (b x b)] = 15 x [a x b2] = 15 x ab2 = 15ab2 .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY TWO MONOMIALS.

MULTIPLICATION OF A MONOMIAL AND A BINOMIAL

EX. MULTIPLY : 2x by (3x + 5y) = (2x x 3x) + (2x x 5y) = 6x2 + 10xy .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A BINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF A MINOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL

EX. MULTIPLY : 3p x (4p2 + 5p + 7) = (3p x 3p2) + (3p x 5p) + (3p x 7) = 9p3 + 15p2 + 21p .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO BINOMIALS

EX: MULTIPLY (3x + 2y) and (5x + 3y) = (3x + 2y) x (5x + 3y) = 3x x (5x + 3y) + 2y x (5x + 3y) = (3x x 5x + 3x x 3y) + (2y x 5x + 2y x 3y) = 15x2 + 9xy + 10xy + 6y2 = 15x2 + 19xy + 6y2 .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

MULTIPLICATION OF A BINOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL

EX: MULTIPLY (a + b) (2a 3b + c) - (2a - 3b + c) = a (2a 3b + c) + b (2a 3b + c) = 2a2 3ab + ac + 2ab 3b2 + bc = 2a2 ab + ac 3b2 + bc .THIS IS HOW WE MULTIPLY A MONOMIAL BY A TRINOMIAL.

WHAT IS AN IDENTITY?

 AN IDENTITY IS AN EQUALITY WHICH IS TRUE FOR ALL VALUES OF THE VARIABLE.

STANDARD IDENTITIES

IDENTITIY 1
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 or, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab i.e., Square of the sum of two terms = (Square of the first term) + (Square of the second term) + 2 x (First term) x (Second term) Proof: (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b) =(a + b)2 = a (a + b) + b (a + b) =(a + b)2 = a2 + ab + ba + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + ab + ab + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 =(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

IDENTITIY 2
(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 or, (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab i.e., Square of the difference of two terms = (Square of the first term) + (Square of the second term) + 2 x (First term) x (Second term) Proof: (a - b)2 = (a - b)(a - b) =(a - b)2 = a (a - b) - b (a - b) =(a - b)2 = a2 - ab - ba + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 - ab - ab + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2 =(a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab

IDENTITIY 3
(a + b)(a - c) = a2 b2 i.e., (First term + Second term) (First term - Second term) = (First term)2 (Second term)2 Proof: (a + b)(a - b) = a (a - b) + b (a - b) =(a + b)(a - b) = a2 - ab + ba b2 =(a + b)(a b) = a2 ab + ab b2 =(a + b)(a b) = a2 b2