BI 10

I KHI NIM .DANH PHP

1/ Khi nim - Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (-NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (-COOH)
-

VD: CH3 CH COOH l NH2

CH2 COOH l NH2

H2 N [CH2 ]4 -CH COOH l NH2

alanin

glyxin

lysin

Cng thc tng quat

( NH2 )a R(COOH )b
Hay CxHyOzNt

Nu a=b=1, gc R no , mach h :

NH2 - CnH2n COOH

Hay CnH2n+1O2N

n 1
n 2

Muc luc

2/ Danh php
+ Tn bn h thng:

.. - C C C C C C COOH Axit + v tr nhm amino (, , ,..) + amino + tn thng ca axit

+ Tn thay th: Axit + v tr nhm amino(1,2,3)+ amino + tn axit c ui oic

V du:

CH3 COOH
Axit Axetic

H H2N - CH2 - COOH

Axit Axetic amino (glyxin)
Axit 2-aminoetanoic

V du: C2H5 - COOH

CH3 CH COOH
NH2 H
propionic Axit -amino Axit 2-aminopropanoic a b

Axit propionic
a

CH2 CH2 COOH H 2 NH

propionic Axit b-amino Axit 3-aminopropanoic

Vit ng phn va goi tn C4H9O2N

CH3 CH2 CH COOH
Axit 2-aminobutanoic

CH3 CH3 C COOH NH2

Axit 2-amino-2metylpropanoic

NH2

CH3 CH CH2 COOH

Axit 3-aminobutanoic

NH2

CH3 CH2 CH COOH

Axit 3-amino-2metylpropanoic Muc luc

CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH NH2

Axit 4-aminobutanoic

NH2

Bng 3.2.Tn gi ca mt s amino axit

Cng thc Tn thay th Tn bn h thng Tn thng K hiu

CH2 COOH l NH2

Axit 2aminoetanoic

Axit aminoaxetic

glyxin

Gly

CH3 CH COOH l NH2 CH3 CH CH-COOH l l CH3 NH2

H2N-[CH2]4 CHCOOH l NH2

Axit 2Axit alanin aminopropanoi aminopropionic c Axit 2-amino-3- Axit valin metylbutanoic aminoisovaleric Axit 2,6iaminohexan oic Axit ,iaminocaproic lysin

Ala

Val

Lys

HOOC-CH-[CH]2COOH l NH2

Axit 2Axit aminopentani aminoglutaric oic

Axit glutamic

Glu

II CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HA HC Nhm cacboxyl (COOH) 1) Cu to phn t th hin tnh axit, nhmth hin Trong phn t amino axit nhm COOH tnh axit amino NH2 th hin tnh baz nn v nhm (NH2) th hin thng tng tc viVy hai ion lng cc: tnh baz, nhau to nhm cng tn ti trong mt + H 2 N - CH 2 - COOH xy N- iu- COO phn t s H3 ra CH 2 g? Dang ion lng cc Dang phn t
kt aminoaxit la cht rn kt tinh , d tan trong nc va c tn/c cao

2.Tnh cht ha hc
a.Tnh lng tnh -Tnh baz (do nhm NH2quyt nh)
H2N CH2 COOH + HCl ClH3N CH2 COOH Axit aminoaxetic Amonicloruaaxetic -Tnh axit (tc dng vi baz ,kim loai manh,)

(do nhm COOH quyt nh)

H2N CH2 COOH + NaOH H2N CH2 COONa + H2O

Natriaminoaxetat

Muc luc

b) Tnh axit baz ca dung dch amino axit

Th nghiem: Nhung quy tm vao dd: glyxin, axit glutamic, lysin

Dd Glyxin a=b pH=7

Dd axit glutamic

Dd Lysin a>b pH>7

a<b
pH<7

2.TNH CHT HA HC

c.Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH : Phn ng este h

H2N CH2 COOH + C2H5O H

HCl

H2N CH2 COOH +

etylaminoaxetat

C2H2O H 5O

Muc luc

d.Phan ng trung ngng

Khi un nng, cc aminoaxit tham gia phn ng trung ngng tao polime

... C

OH + H N ...
H + H2O

O ... C N ... O
H

V du: Xet phan ng trung ngng cc aminoaxetic:

...+ H NHCH2C OH + H NHCH2C OH O O O to + H NHCH2C OH + nH2O O

..NHCH2CNHCH2CNHCH2C.. O O

phng trinh phan ng trung ngng thu gn

n (H2N CH2 COOH) ( N CH2 C ) n H O

to

+ n H2O

Khi nim phn ng trung ngng : Trung ngng la qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh thanh phn t ln ,ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (v d H2O)

III- NG DUNG:

protein trong tht

mt s loi thuc b

Bt ngt

Qun o lm t t poliamit

vi dt lt lp t lm bng pliamit

li nh c lm bng pliamit

III. NG DUNG:
Da vo cc hnh nh trn s kin to nn cc loi protein ca c th kt thit) sng.(protein trong hp kin thc SGK, em hy ca axit glutamic - Mui mononatri nu ng dng ca dng lm amino axit? bt ngt, axit glutamic l thuc h tr thn kinh, methionin l thuc b gan. - Cc axit 6-aminohexanoic v axit 7aminoheptanoic l nguyn liu sn xut t nilon-6, nilon-7(may qun o ,dt li nh c,sn xut lp t)

- Cc amino axit thin nhin l nhng cht c

Cung co: Aminoaxit

Tinh cht lng tnh. Tnh axit-baz ca dd amino axit Phn ng este ha Phan ng trung ngng

Lu y:

Neu a=b: amino axit trung tinh Neu a >b: amino axit co tinh baz Neu a < b:amino axit co tinh axit

(NH2)a R(COOH)b

CNG C
Cu 1: Dung dich nao sau y lam quy tm hoa xanh
a) H2N CH2 COOH

b) CH3 CH2 COOC2H5 c) H2N CH2 CH2 CH COOH NH2 d) HOOC CH2 CH2 CH COOH
NH2

Cu 2: Khi bi un nong, nhom Cacboxyl cua phn t aminoaxit nay tac dung vi nhom amino cua phn t aminoaxit kia cho san phm co khi lng ln, ng thi giai phong nc. Phan ng nay c goi la:
a) Phan ng trung hp b) Phan ng thuy phn c) Phan ng kh nc d) Phan ng trung ngng

Cu 3: A la mt amino axit co cha 1 nhom NH2 va 1 nhom COOH co khi lng phn t M=83. Vy A co CTCT la:

a) NH2 CH2 COOH

b) NH2 CH2 CH2 COOH c) CH3 CH COOH

NH2
d) Ca b v c u ung

Cu 4 Cho Alanin tac dung ln lt vi Cac cht sau:KOH,HBr,NaCl,CH3OH(c mt kh HCl).S trng hp xay ra phan ng hoa hoc

A. 3 C. 2

B. 4 D. 1

HNG DN V NH -Hc thuc khi nim -Vit thanh thao cng thc glyxin,alanin -Thuc tnh cht ha hc ca amino axit (tnh lng tnh,tnh axit baz ca dd amino axit,P este ha,P trung ngng) -Vit thanh thao cc PTP ca amino axit -Lm cc bi tp trang 48 SGK: 1,2,3,4,5,6