aZ-\n-bpsS kzbw-Ir-Xm-\w

Sn. Pn. tamlZmkv

A_vZp \mk aZ\n `c-WI
- q-S`
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- X
- b
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- mi ewL-\
- n-tbpw AS-bm-fa
- m-bnmWv Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. \o H-Xc hj- tImb--q Pbn-en InS aZ\n 2007 Iphn-ap--\mbn ]pd-n-d-n-sb-nepw 2010 _mwq kvt^mS-\-t-kn {]Xn-bmn At-ls
hopw Pbn-en-eS-
- p. {]Y-aZ- rjvSym A\ym-bs
- a-p-tXm-mhp \S-]S- n-If
- mWv Xan-gv\mSv - ImSI t]meokpw tImS-Xn-Ifpw aZ-\n-tbmSpsNbvX-Xv. Fm aZ\n Cu Ah--bn-se-n-b-Xns
bYm Ncn{Xw ]e-tmgpw hnkva-cn--s-Sp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv.
1990 \hw-_d
- n-emWv Cm-anIv tkhm-kwLw F sF.-Fk
- v.F
- k
- v. aZ\n cq]o-Ic
- n-p-X
- v. 1988
Xs aZ-\n-bpsS Ahm-dp Cmw Nmcn--_n skmsskn imkvXmw-tIm--bn {]h\w
Bcw-`n-n-cp-p. Atbm-ym-kw-`h
- s
- -p-Sv 1992-Un-kw-_d
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- k
- v. \ntcm-[n-s
- Sp-tm samw 53-{In-an-\ tIkp-I aZ-\npw sF.-F-kv.-F-kns aw-K-pw FXn-cmbn
tIc-f-ns ]e-`m-K--fn-embn \ne-hn hpIgn-n-cp-p. aZ-\n-bpsS m]\w {]hnp ct--dn-e-[nIw hcp hf-n \nv t]meo-kp-Im h Bbp-[-ti-J-chpw cmPy-t{Zm-l]-ca
- mb In-S]
- m-Sp-Ifpw apw Is-n-bn-cp-p. AXn-\p-apv 1992 HmK-n-emWv kvt^mS-\
- n
aZ-\nv Hcp Im \jvSs
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- v. sF. Fkv. Fkns \ntcm-[\
- s aZ\n tIcf ssltm-SX
- nbn tNmZywsNbvXp-sh-nepw ta-d--Im-c-W--fm ssltm-S-Xn-bn aZ-\n-bpsS lPn
Xn-tm-Ip-I-bmWv Dm-b-Xv. CXn-s\-p-Sv aZ\n ]n.-Un.-]n. F cmjv{So-b-In cq]o-I-cnp-Ibpw X\nv icn Fv tXmp Imcy-p-thn \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XoXpp {]kw-K--fm-bn-cpp aZ-\n-bpsS {]tXy-I-X. tIc-f-n\v ]cn-N-b-an-m `mj-bn aZ\n
kwkm-cn--tm At-l-n\v hym]-I-amb Ip{]-ikvXn e`n-p-I-bp-m-bn. Fm aZ\n CXnsempw Hcp Iqkepw {]I-Sn-n-n-. kn.-B]n.-F^
- n \npw dn-b sNbvX DtZym-K

- m-cpsS
s{Sbn-\nwKv e`n ]-bq-Wnt^mw C kpc-m-`-S-m-cpsS Imh-en aZ-\n-bpsS hml-\-hyqlw
tIc-f-s \Sp-n-smv FmSpw bm{X-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cp-p.
1998 s^{_p-hcn 14-mw Xob-Xn-bmWv tImb-
- q-cn 12 e-mbn i-amb t_mw_p-kvt^mS-\- \S--Xv. 47-t] XWw acn-p-Ibpw 218 t]v Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-tp-Ibpw
sNbvX Cu kw`hw Cy-sbm-msI Xs sR-ep-m-n. tImb--q-cn Hcp s]mXp-tbm-Kn {]kw-Kn-m Fp-sap Icp-Xnb F. sI. AZzm\n Bbn-cpp kvt^mS-\--fpsS
apJy eyw. hnam\w Xma-kn--Xn-\m Fm sshIn-b-Xp-sImv AZzm-\n-bpsS Poh cs]p. Xan-g\
v mSv t]meokv At\z-jnpXpS-nb Cu kvt^mS-\t- kv BZyw kn._n.-kn.-sF.-Unpw
]noSv Hcp {]tXy-I-Zu-Xy-kw-L-n\pw ssIam-dp-I-bp-m-bn. Cu kw`-h-ns KqVm-tem-N-\bn ]m-fn-bmbn F Ipw Npa-n-bmWv aZ-\nsb 1998 G{]n-en Xan-gv\mSv t]meokv tImb-q Pbn-en AS-p--Xv. 181 {]Xn-Ifpw 2333 kmn-Ifpw D Cu tIkv \op-t]mIpw Fv
a\-n-em-m kmam\y_pn am{Xw aXn. Ccw tIkn-eI
- s
- -m hnNm-cW F-s\bpw thKn-em-n-sb-Sp-m-\mWv km[m-cWbmbn {]Xn-I {in-m-dp-X
- v.
Fm Fp-sImtm aZ\n XpS-w-ap-X hnNm-cW XS-s
- -Sp-m-\p \o-f
- mWv \Sn-b-Xv. GXv tIknepw 90 Znh-k-n-\Iw Ip-]{Xw kan-n-s-n {]Xnv kzm`m-hn-I-ambn
Pmayw Inm-\p Al-X-bp-v. tImb--q tIkn t]meo-kn\v 90 Znh-k-n-\Iw Ip-]{Xw
kan-m km[n-n-. AXn-\m aqvamkw Ignv 1998 Pqsse- 24\v aPn-kvt{Sv tImSXn aZ\nv Pmayw A\p-h-Zn-p. Fm Pmay-msctbm Pmay-p-Itbm lmP-cm-m Iqm-m--XneqsS aZ\n Pbn-en Xs XpSp. aZ-\n-bpsS X{- apIqn In-m-hWw Xan-g\
v mSv t]meokv
At-l-n-s\-Xnsc Pqsse 7\v Xs \mj-W skIyq-cnn BIvSv (N.S.A.) {]Im-c-ap Ipfpw Npa-n-bn-cpp. CXv aZ-\n-bpsS tIkv IqSp-X ko-amnsbnepw Xma-kn-bmsX
Xs F. Fkv. F. D]-tZ-i-I-k-anXn aZ-\nsb BIvSns ]cn-[n-bn \nv Hgnhmp-I-bm-Wpm-bXv. Fnepw CsXmpw aPn-kvt{Sv tImS-Xn-bpsS Pmay-hy-h-bn s]Sp-X
- mXn-\m
aZ-\nv Pmay-sa-Sp-m-am-bn-cpp. Fp-sImv B Ah-kcw aZ\n D]-tbm-Kn-n FXv Zpcq-lambn XpS-cp-p. CXmWv aZ-\nbpw At-l-ns sshXm-fn-I-mcpw ae-bm-fn-I-fn \nv Cpw

ad-p-sh-psIm-n-cn-p kXyw. Cu hogvNbvv I\ hne-bmWv aZ\n sImSp-tn h-Xv.

98 sk]vw-_d
- n Ip-]{Xw kantijw Xan-gv\mSv t]meokv aZ-\n-bpsS Pmayw dm-W
- s
- av
skjkv tImS-Xn-bn lPnbpw \In. As\ 98 Unkw-_-dn aZ-\n-bpsS Pmayw dm--sp. CXn-s\-Xnsc aZ\n a{Zmkv ssltm-S-Xn-bn Ao \In-sb-nepw 99 sk]vw-_-dn Cu
Aoepw X-s-p. As\ X\nv Innb kphm-h-kcw aZ\n ]mgm-n--f-p. AXn-\pti-jhpw t]meo-kn-t\mSpw \oXn-]o-T--tfm-Sp-ap shp-hnfn aZ\n Ah-km-\n-n-n-. BcmWv
Ccw \nb-tam-]-tZ-i- aZ-\nv \In-bXv F Imcyw Zpcq-l-ambn XpS-cp-p.
tImb--q tImS-Xn-bn X\nv \oXn e`n-p-I-bn-spw hnNm-cW tIc-f-nse GsXnepw tImS-Xn-bn-tev am-Ws
- apw aZ\n Bh-iy-s-p. Iogvtm-SXn Cu Bhiyw \ncm-Ic
- n-pIbpw aZ\n ssltm-S-Xn-bnepw kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hscbpw t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kp{]ow-tIm-SXn
Cu Bhiyw \ncm-I-cn-p-tm-tgpw hjw 2 Ignncp-p. ]me-mSv \npw shdpw 40 Intemao- Zqc-n-ep tImb-
- q-cn tIc-f
- nse ho-e
- m lmP-cm-hp-Ib
- n-spw tImb-
- qcnse A-cow hob hntZzjw \nd-X
- m-sWpw ap-ap Zp_-ea
- mb hmZ- ap\nnbmWv hne-s cp hj- aZ\n ]mgm-n-b-Xv.
Xan-gv\mSv km tImb-
- q kvt^mS-\t- kv hnNm-cW
- b
- vmbn Hcp kvs]jy tImSXn
Xs Dm-n. tImb--q sk{S Pbn-en-\p-n {]tXyIw thXn-cn Hcp hf-n-em-bncpp tImS-Xn. AtX hf-n Xs-bm-bn-cpp aZ\n AS--ap 168 {]Xn-I-tfbpw Xma-kn-n-ncp--Xv. e--fmWv km CXn-\p-thn apS-n-b-Xv. 16480 t]Pp-I-fm-bn-cpp Ip-]-{X-n-\pm-bn-cp--Xv. C{X-b-[nIw kvt^mS-\-fpw ac-W-fpw kmn-I-fp-ap--tm Ip-]{Xw A{Xbpw-Xs hep-Xm-bn-cn-p-at- m. kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw Ip-]{Xw Xan-gn-em-bn-cp-p. CXv Xa sNbvXv
InWw Fv aZ\n Bh-iy-s-p. {Inan-\ \S-]Sn N-a-\p-k-cnv AXmXv kwm-\s `mj-Ifn Ip-]{Xw \tI D-c-hm-Zn-Xzta t]meo-kn-\p-q. AXn-\m tImSXn Cu At]
A\p-h-Zn-n Fp-am-{X-a hnNm-cW hopw Xma-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ASp--Im-ev IS
shSn-sh-bv]ns\ XpSp tIkn Cm-en-b ]m-f
- m Cm-en-b `mj-bn Ip-]{Xw thWsav Bh-iy-s-Xpw sImw skjkv tImSXn AXv Xn-bXpw Hmp-I.
CXn-\n-Sb
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- -Spp Fp-]d
-
p-sImv Icp-\m-K
-
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\S {]I-S\
-
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- s
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Ah Pbn-en a-\-a-\p-`-hn-p-spw Bbn-cpp lPn. hkvXp-X-I ]cn-tim-[n tImSXn
aZ\n Pbn-esd Xn-b-Xmbpw Pbn-en `oI-cm--cow krjvSn-p--Xmbpw Is-n. As\
t]sd-Sp-mt]mb ]Xnn Cc--s]p Fp-]-d--Xp-t]msebmbn. hnNm-cW Ign 63 kmnIsf hopw hnNm-cW sNWw Fm-h-iy-sv aZ-\n-bpsS Hcp kwLmwKw Iogvtm-S-Xn-tbbpw
ssltm-S-Xn-tbbpw kao-]n-p. AXpw hnPbw In-. CXn-\n-S-bn hne-s hj- \jvSs-p-t]m-Ip-Xv aZ\n {in-p-an-. cmjv{So-b-k-w sImp-h-cm-\mbn tIc-f-nse \nb-a-k-`
]mm-nb sFI-IW
- vtTy\-bp {]tabw aZ-\n-bpsS cmjv{So-bk
- zm-[o-\
- n-\p sXfn-hmbn Iemin-p. Pmayw Inm--Xn {]Xn-tj-[nv If-a-t-cn-bn Xan-gv\m-Sns _kv In kw`hw aZ-\nbpsS Pmayw IqSp-X Ipg-w-]n-Sn--Xm-n.
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn {Inan-\ tIknse {]Xn-Iv Pmayw A\p-h-Zn-p-tm Xpd-p-hn-m
{]Xn kmn-Isf `oj-Wn-s-Sp-ptam kzm[o-\n-ptam hntZ-it- v IS-p-If
- b
- ptam A{I-a{- ]h-\--fn-eqsS \nb-a-ns ]nSn-bn \nv c-s]v If-bptam Fsmw tImS-Xn-I ]cntim-[n-pw. Cu kwi-b-sf nco-I-cn-p coXn-bn-em-bn-tmbn aZ-\n-bpsS Pbn-en-\p-nse
s]cp-am-hpw At-l-ns kplr-p- Pbn-en\p ]pdp \S-nb {ia--fpw.
HSp-hn 2007 HmK-n Ip-hn-ap--\mbn aZ\n ]pd-n-d-p-tm samw \jvS-s-Xv \o
H-Xc hj-. AXn Ipd-]
- w \mep-hj-sa-nepw sXmb \nb-tam-]t- Zihpw [mjvSyhpw-sImv aZ-\n-Xs \jvSs
- -Sp-n-f
-
X
- m-Wv. _mn A-ch
- jw Cy tImS-Xn-If
- n
km[m-cW
- K
- X
- n-bn FSp-p Ime-Xm-akw am{X-am-Wv. AXn {]tXy-Inv ]cn-X]
- n-m-s\m-p-an. sIme-]m-X-I-t-kp-I-fn s]p-t]m-Ip--h \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fm-sW-nt]mepw A{X-bpw-Imew
Pbn-en InS-vt]m-Ip-Xv A]q-amb kw`-hh
- p-a
- . IrXy-amb \nb-a\
- S- ]
- S- n-If
- n-eqsS F{Xtbm

t\cs aZ-\nv ]pd-p-h-cm-am-bn-cpp. ]Icw \oXn-]o-Ts shp-hn-fn-pw Pbn-enepw ]pdpw

Iem]w krjvSnpw P\-sf sXn--cn-npw c-s-Sm-sav aZ\n Icp-Xn-bXv BcpsS ]n_-en-emWv FXv C\nbpw ]pdph-cm--k-Xy-am-Wv.
aZ-\n-bpsS Zpc-\p-`-h--fpsS cmw-`mKw XpS-p-Xv 2010emWv. _mwq Nn-kzman tUn-bnepw ]cn-kc
-
- p-ambn \S kvt^mS-\
- f
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- hpw BZys Ip-]{- Xhpw kanpIgn-Xn\v tijw Im-SI t]meokv aZ-\nsb tIknse 31-mw {]Xn-bm-n. tImS-Xn-bn Iog-Sn
tIkv hmZn-p--Xn\v ]Icw aZ\n apIq Pmay-n\v {ian-p. `c-W-Iq-Shpw t]meokpw ho-emcpw tNv Xs th-bm-Sp-Ib
- mWv Fv ]cm-Xn-s-p. kvt^mS\w sIme-]m-XIw XpS-nb KpcpX-c-amb Ip--fn apIq Pmayw InpI AXy-]q-am-Wv. AX-dn-p-sImp Xs Ccw
tIkp-I-fn hnth-I-ap--h apIq Pmay-hp-ambn ka-bw-I-f-bm-dn-. apIq Pmaym-t] \ne\np-tm t]mepw t]meo-kn\v {]Xnsb Adp sNm \nb-a-X-S-hpw C. GXm-bmepw aZ\n-bpsS apIq Pmay-lPn BZyw _mwq skjkv tImS-Xn-bnepw ]noSv Im-SI ssltmS-Xn-bnepw HSp-hn kp{]ow-tIm-SX
- n-bnepw X-s-p. apIq Pmayw ssltm-SXn Xn-bX
- n-s\-pSv aZ-\nsb Ad-p-sN-m Im-SI t]meokv tIc-f-n-se-n. aZ\n Ad-n\v hg-n-bn-.
Xs Xmh-f-amb Ahm-d-tcn a{Z-k-bn Jpdm-\p-bn-n-Snv aZ\n \nc-]-cm-[nXzw Bhn-psIm-n-cp-p. cm-gvN-tbmfw ae-bmfw Nm\-ep-I aZ-\n-bpsS {]I-S\w ssehv Bbn {]t-]Ww
sNbvXp. kzw AWn-Iv Bthiw ]I-cp Gm-Sm-bn-cpp CsX-nepw PpUo-jy-dn-bn Ccw
s]cp-amw Dm-p {]Xn-{Inb aZ-\ntbm At-l
- ns D]-tZ-iI
- tcm a\-n In-. Hcp-]s
{]Xym-Lm-X
- t- f-m IqSp-X cmjv{Sob t\-v {]mapJyw Inn-bX
- p-sIm-m-bn-cnmw. GXmbmepw aZ\n \nb-a-n\v hg-m kz`m-h-m-c-\mWv Fv Cu s]cp-amw hopw hnfn--dn-bn-p.
cm-gvN-tbmfw Imp-\n Im-SI t]meokv 2010 HmKv ]Xnt\gmw-Xo-bXn aZ-\nsb Adp
sNbvXv _mwq-tcv sImp-t]m-bn. Ap-Xs aZ-\n-bpsS ktlm-Z-c aZ-\n-bpsS Adv \nb-a-hncp-a
- m-sWv ImWnv sImw aPn-ktv {S-n\v ]cmXn sImSpv Ad-p-sNbvX t]meo-kp-tZym-K
- v
t\mo-k-b-n-p. As\ sImw Pnm t]meokv kq{]v ljnX A-q-cnbpw _mwq knn
t]meokv Akn. Io-jvW HmwIm-c
- bpw Xmevm-en-Ia
- m-sb-nepw \nb-ah
- n-cp Ad-ns t]cn
Ip-m-cmbnop. sIn-a
- tIkm-bX
- n-\m amk-p-n Cu \ow ]cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Hw aZ-\n-tbmSv hfsc I-i-amb kao-]-\-sa-Sp-m t]meo-kn\v CsXmcp Imc-W-hp-ambn.
_mwq ]c-\ A{K-lmc Pbn-en-emb aZ\n kuay-\mbn Pmay-n\v {ian-p-X
- n\v ]Icw Xs
kplr-p-sf shp-sImv kaq-la
- [
- y-n {]N-cWw kwL-Sn-n-m-\mWv {ian-X
- v. CsXms
aZ\n Adn-p-sIm-mtWm AtXm At-l
- ns kplr-p- Bthiw sImv sNp-X
- mtWm
F-dn-bn-. cm-bmepw Ccw \o- At-l-n\v Pmayw e`n-m hopw XS--am-bn-ocp-p. CXn-\n-S-bn-emWv sXl-bpsS dntm-dmb jmln\ Cu tI-knse kmn-Isf ImWpXpw A`n-ap-J-neqsS kzm[o-\n-m {ian-p-Xpw AXv hnhm-Zhpw tIkp-am-bn-o-cp--Xpw.
Cu kw`-h-fpw tImS-Xn-bn aZ-\npmb XS---fpsS Fw hn-n-p.
GXm-bmepw Ccw kw`-h--sf-p-Sv aZ-\nv Inp-am-bn-cp km[m-cW Pmayw t]mepw
skjkv tImS-Xnbpw ssltm-S-Xnbpw \nc-kn-p. kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn cv PUvPn-am Xn
`nm-`n-{]m-b-ap-m-hp-Ibpw asmcp s_n\v Pmaym-t] hnSp-Ibpw sNt Ah--bp-m-bn.
CsXm-s-bm-bnpw aZ-\n-p-thn s]mXp-k-aq-l-n \S-p {]N-c-W-]--Xn-Iv bmsXmcp
Ipdhpw Dm-bn-. Cu Ign amk-hpw sImw ]ocn ssaXm-\v aZ-\n-p-thn Hcp alm-kt- f\w Xs aZ-\n-bpsS kplr-p- kwL-Sn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn. CXn-\p-]-Icw \ntXy-\-bp hnNmc-W-bn-eqsS tIkn hf-sc-thKw hn[n-{]-Jym-]n-Ww F Bhiyw {]ikvX ho-e-m hgn
tImS-Xn-bn D-bn-n-cp-s-n F{X \m-Ip-am-bn-cpp! tImS-Xnv ]pdpw \nb-ak
- `- b
-
v p-nepw
_lfw shm {Inan-\ tIknse {]Xn-bpsS Pmaym-t]bnse Xov IqSp-X ko-amIpw
Fv aZ-\n-bpsS kplr-p- Ctmgpw a\-n-em-p-n-. aZ-\n-bm-sW-n IrXy-amb \nb-tam-]tZiw tXSp-p-an. CXns\ kzbw-Ir-Xm-\w F-msX Fs\ hnti-jn-n-pw?

(te-J-I sImn-bnse sdkvt]mkn-_n knn-k ^ut-js Ub-d-IvS-dm-Wv)