LIVE TELECAST ON IRRIGATION ENGINEERING FOR DCE III YEAR STUDENTS

BY P.V.SRINIVASA RAO HEAD OF CIVIL ENGG MRAGR GOVT POLYTECHNIC VIZIANAGARAM

DISTRIBUTION WORKS
Major Heads
Canals- Types cross sectionsAlignments Regulators- Drops Escapes Sluices Silt theories - canal Designs Cross drainage works

DISTRIBUTION WORKS PART - II

CANAL REGULATION

Canal Regulation Works

A Structure constructed to regulate the discharge, velocity and Full supply levels in a canal is known as Canal regulation Work

Types of Canal Regulation Structures

Canal Head Regulator or Head Sluice Cross regulator Distributory Head regulator Canal Drops or Falls Canal Out lets or Sluices or Modules Canal Escapes

Canal Head Regulator

It is a structure constructed at the head of off taking canal Functions
It regulates the flow of water in to main canal It controls entry of silt in to the canal It prevents entry of river floods in to the canal Over View

Features of Canal Head Regulator

It is placed on U/S of barrage in front of under sluices and aligned at 90o-1100 to the axis of barrage for smooth entry of water It contains a raised crest with abutments on both sides

It is provided with number of vents, separated by piers depending upon the discharge to be carried through it .

Features of Canal Head Regulator (contd)

The crest of the HR is kept sufficiently above that of under sluices for controlling the entry of silt in to canal Solid apron and cut offs are provided on both U/S and D/S, so as to protect the structure from seepage and hydraulic failures View

Cross Regulator
It is a structure constructed across the parent canal at the down

stream of off taking branch canal

View

Cross Regulator
Functions
To effectively control the entire canal Irrigation system. It regulates the flow of water in parent canal It facilitates repairs to the canal contd . . .

Cross Regulator
It controls entry of silt in to canal It prevents breaches of canals by absorbing fluctuation of discharge It feeds the off taking canal to meet the full supply demand even at low water levels by heading up View

Functions

Distributory Head Regulator

It is a structure constructed across an off taking Distributory Canal

Functions

It regulates the flow of water in to a Distributory It controls entry of silt in to canal It can be used as a measuring Device View

A DISTRIBUTORY HEAD REGULATOR

CANAL REGULATOR

Movie Clippings on Live Structures

BARRAGE AND HEAD REGULATOR

Head Regulator

Off taking Main Canal at Head Works

Branch Canal

CANAL DROP
A Drop is a vertical step in the bed level of a canal Situation: When the slope of natural ground is steeper than the bed slope of canal, the difference is adjusted by constructing vertical walls at regular intervals

LOCATION OF CANAL DROPS

CANAL DROP
1 2 3 4

COMPONENT PARTS Body Wall U/S & D/S protection works Notches and Notch pier Bank connections

CANAL DROP - COMPONENTS

TYPES OF CANAL DROPS

Depending upon the Depth of fall and energy dissipation on D/S, the following types of Canal Drops are in use

TYPES OF FALLS
1 Vertical Drop Fall 2 stepped Fall 3 Rapid Fall 4 Montague Fall 5 Ogee Fall 6 Notch type fall

VERTICAL DROP FALL

It consists of a body wall with its crest at the U/S bed Level. A water cushion is provided at the foot of body wall on D/S for effective Energy Dissipation View

STEPPED FALL
FEATURES A stepped Fall will be provided when the Natural Ground is steeply falling. Stepped body wall will be provided A water cushion and solid apron will be provided on D/S to protect the D/S floor from scour and uplift View

RAPID FALL
FEATURES The Down stream profile is provided in the form of gently sloping glacis The slope of the glacis will be 1:15 to 1:20 The sloping surface will be formed with rough stone boulders View

MONTAGUE TYPE FALL

FEATURES It is a modified form of straight glacis fall, in which a parabolic glacis is provided which is called Montague profile The Energy dissipation is more effective View

OGEE FALL
FEATURES The crest and down stream profile of the body wall will be provided in the form of Convex and Concave curves for smooth gliding of water and also to avoid suction on body wall. U/S & D/S Protection works will be provided as usual VIEW

NOTCH TYPE FALLS

FEATURES A Notch Pier will be constructed on the top of body wall in which Notches will be provided Notches may be Triangular, Trapezoidal or stepped Sill of the Notch will be at Bed Level of canal on U/S and its top will be at FSL of canal View

Canal Escapes
It is a structure constructed in a canal bank with a side channel to relieve the excess discharge of the main canal The escapes may be provided on the canal at suitable points and also at its tail end -contd

Canal Escapes
TYPES OF ESCAPES
1 Surplus Escape ( Regulator Type) 2 Tail Escape (Weir Type)

- contd

Canal Escapes
Surplus Escape ( Regulator Type)
Features: 1 It resembles like a canal regulator with its sill kept at the Bed Level of the canal 2 It can discharge the excess flow of the canal or even empty the entire canal flow through its gate controlled vents
View

Canal Escapes ( Weir Type )

Features
In this type of Escape, the crest of the weir is kept at the FSL of the canal to drain off the excess discharge of the canal in to a natural drain Protective works will be provided on D/S to prevent scouring

View

IMAGES OF TANK ESCAPES ( Weir Type )

VIEW

CANAL OUTLETS
It is a structure built at the head of water course to regulate water flow to the fields It is also called Sluice or Module ( contd )

CANAL OUTLETS
FEATURES It receives water from a Minor or a Distributory and supplies to the fields
It facilitates equitable distribution of available water to the users contd

CANAL OUTLETS
Types of outlets or Modules
1 Non Modular outlets :- Discharge through the outlet depends upon the difference of head between the distributory and the water course Examples: Pipe outlets and Masonry Sluices - contd

CANAL OUTLETS

PIPE OUTLET-FEATURES A pipe is placed in the bank of a Distributory to draw the water for supplying to the water course Masonry Head walls are to be constructed at both the ends of the pipe View

CANAL OUTLETS
2 Modular outlets :- Discharge through the outlet is constant and is independent of the difference of head between the distributory and the water course Examples: Gibbs Module

GIBBS MODULE
FEATURES It consists of a pipe with a bell mouth entrance. The discharge end of the pipe is in the form of a raising spiral pipe in which free circular flow is developed. The discharge is constant VIEW

REVIEW

Types of Canal Regulation Structures

Canal Head Regulator or Head Sluice Cross regulator Distributory Head regulator Canal Drops or Falls Canal Out lets or Sluices or Modules Canal Escapes

TYPES OF FALLS
1 Vertical Drop Fall 2 stepped Fall 3 Rapid Fall 4 Montague Fall 5 Ogee Fall 6 Notch type fall

Canal Escapes
TYPES OF ESCAPES
1 Surplus Escape ( Regulator Type) 2 Tail Escape (Weir Type)

- contd

CANAL OUTLETS
It is a structure built at the head of water course to regulate water flow to the fields It is also called Sluice or Module ( contd )

THE END

TREPEZOIDAL NOTCH FALL

NEXT

VERTICAL DROP FALL

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NOTCH TYPE FALL

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RAPID FALL

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OGEE FALL

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STEPPED FALL
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Water Cushion

MONTAGUE FALL

U/S FSL

D/S FSL

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SURPLUS ESCAPE
(REGULATOR TYPE)
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SURPLUS ESCAPE (Regulator type)

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SURPLUS ESCAPE (WEIR TYPE)

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SURPLUS ESCAPE (WEIR TYPE)

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SURPLUS ESCAPE (WEIR TYPE)

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PIPE OUTLET

IMAGES

GIBBS MODULE

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A water course taken off from a Minor Distributory

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A WATER COURSE WITH PIPE OUTLET

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A view of water course

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Regulation of water to the fields from water course

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FUNCTIONING OF HEAD REGULATOR

IMAGE

AN OVER VIEW OF RIVER HEAD WORKS

Barrage
River

Head Regulat

Features

Cross & Distributory regulators

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JUNCTION OF MAIN AND BRANCH CANALS

Distributory Head Regulator U/S
TBL TBL

BRANCH CANAL
D/S

Branch Canal Regulator

TBL

TBL

TBL

Main Canal Regulator

TBL

D/S
MAIN CANAL

CROSS REGULATOR Home

JUNCTION OF MAIN AND BRANCH CANALS Distributory Head Regulator U/S

TBL TBL

BRANCH CANAL
D/S

Branch Canal Regulator

TBL

TBL

TBL

Main Canal Regulator

TBL

D/S
MAIN CANAL

CROSS REGULATOR Home

D/S view of Head Regulator

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Trapezoidal Drop

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