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EOLOTROPY
Introduction Im simple minded, and never understood why the velocities of radio-waves cant add as soundBut it s not a dogma, it come from an experiment made only with light, because at his time Michelson did'nt know the radio-waves (discovered by Hertz some years later). Up today le light is always used in Universities! Well, I would repeat that experiment at our times with my usual electronic instruments. And after a life working in Rais laboratory, once retired, I decided to repeat the Michelsons experiment with radio-waves rather than with light. Then I buyed a good wave generator and built a lot of original radio interferometer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------At beginning I started with a similar Sagnac interferometer : an original circular waveguide (see the first sketch of fig.1) operating at 10 GHZ. At one side I transmitted two waves, clockwise and anticlockwise, received at opposed side by two separated antennas connected thru a bypass quarter wave cable. This trick permitted me a phase detection thousand times more sensible than simple subtraction of opposed waves, as done with light. And straight surprised me!
This sketch is the first approach to the radio interferometer (Januar 2008).
fig.1
fig.2 The surprise was immediate: I sew the anisotropy that Michelson never seen! Interference revealed me , with dangling, that the medium then exists! But what a strange medium, different from the Maxwell's ideal model! Again, the phase was slowly changing isotropically, and at certain moment inverting...What is this? Initially I suspected the thermal drift. Later I insulated thermically the waveguide, and also thermostated it But the variations continued again. Witch such a set up were impossible to investigate the space, only on the plane. And in the plane, as said, nothing happens when turning. Here (fig 3 ) you can see further versions of interferometers I realized later for orientation. Only after several months I could begin to explore the space.
Fig.3 2
Results.
First discovery: I advised immediately that pendulum oscillation of the suspended mass from vertical provoked synchronic phase variation equivalent to changes of oscillator of some KHz (aside from 10 GHz frequency of generator). As recorded down here (fig.4): Was the first discovery of anisotropy!
Y axis -1 KHz per division, equivalent to a change aside of generator frequency (10 GHz). X axis 5 seconds per division
Fig 4 Second discovery: But although nothing happens rotating this interferometer in horizontal plane, immediately I noticed a vertical anisotropy. Could be that ether moves in the vertical because captured by the Earth, as perceived by Robert J. Distinti? Far from masses, Ether is still, as astronomic observations of blue-shift and red-shift of galactic spectrum clearly demonstrated. At time I believed again to Maxwells model, and thought simply that the Earth motion was toward the Leo constellation, (as observed by Silverstood simply because in summer the Leo is on the vertical Today no more: after long time recordings, I noted that at every hour, in every season, night and day, the direction of ether was always the same: vertical. But I understood that with this set up, a true spatial exploration was impossible. This was possible with compact, linear waveguides or cables I adopted later. Third discovery: Initially, as said, I discovered that rotating in the plane is not any anisotropy, I leaved still the circle for some months, beginning to record phase shifts with a chart recorder. And then I discovered these strange variations (fig. 5 and 6), nothing to do with the expected Doppler . 3
Fig.5
Fig.6 What is this? You can note the repetition of similar slopes every day, and the strange peaks witch repeated all the summer 2008 until October. Sometime I rotated the interferometer in various directions, but was quasi indifferent to the direction. Later I discovered the why. Fourth discovery: I compared these strange slopes with a table of tides, discovering a surprising similarity!
Fig.7 5
Over tide variation during the day. (courtesly given by University of Trieste). Bottom phase variation corresponding in time . Peak to peak variation is several apparent MHz displaced from the 10 GHz input wave.
Fig.8 Strange similitude between phases slopes and terrestrial tide! What is this? It was not at all a Doppler because was indifferent to direction. I concluded that could be the well known air tide. This is logic, because if the air pressure changes , then the density, then the propagation speed; and what I for so long time measured, was simply the air tide, delayed some hour respect terrestrial tide. It explains also the strange peaks in summer time. It s due to thermal maximum of column of air over us, an inertial mass delayed of some hour.
Fig.9 Pumping out the air still to 0,1 atm of pressure again strange variations continued... All this was very different from expected Doppler! Up today Ive not understood the why of variations in vacuum. The fifth . the last and grater discovery This is the my last discovery, when I built the last original interferometer, a self contained oscillator inside a cavity, where the phase is discriminated simply putting two diodes at extreme walls far half wavelength . At the extreme of a resonant cavity the magnetic vectors are opposed in phase. I discovered that rotating 360 this last, simpler and lighter interferometer (fig.10) the phase changes in strange manner: starting from the null when the direction of the wave is on the horizon the maximum is when the box is rotated of 180, not vertical!. Then seem me that are not the velocities which add , as waited, but the fields! As if the three fields, gravitational in vertical, electromagnetic transversal to direction of wave, COMPOSED THEM! (figg. 11,12) Again : a magnet changes the phase! It means that magnetic field modifies the wavelength. Also electric field modifies it. If you consider that in vertical acts the gravitation This means that all three fields are supported by the same medium!
Fig.11 And this is the polar response of the anisotropy of the cavity oscillator detected in phase when rotated completely in vertical plane:
Fig.12
Fig.13 Note that the weight red vector adds to e.m. vector blue vector at left, but subtracts at right! It means something amazing?
Polar recorder: a Kipp & Zonen chart recorder modified with a rotating table.
Fig.14
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Fig.14
Fig.16 In fig. 16 is shown the quadrature phase discriminator inside the circular waveguide.
Fig.17 Block diagram of the phase detector (fig.17). The two generators are the two waves reaching the two antennas , which one asymmetric feeds the other symmetric. The signals are added in this bridge. 12
Fig.18 The bridge is an antenna which feeds the center of second one, with a quarter wave rigid coaxial line, which delays 90. Hence the vectorial composition of RF signals is in equilibrium when the phase is exactly 90 (left drawing). Then the output is null. But when one wave goes out phase, the diodes detect immediately the resultant proportional to sin . Detected signal is RF filtered by a chip bypass ceramic condenser . The operation frequency is determined by waveguides size and by the quarter wave line. At that equilibrium frequency , this quadrature discriminator responds to a single Hertz! In fig.14 the null will be only when the phase of vector of the left wave is in quadrature with the right wave. TRASMITTING ANTENNA At opposed side of the circle is located the transmitting antenna, which transmits in both directions circularly polarized waves. Caution ! circular polarization is necessary in all waveguides, to prevent mode skips. The mode skip is the discovery of a strange big noise: in waveguides are many modes of propagation, and with linear polarization , directing in space, the mode skips randomly from one to other of numerous modes; it can be caused by simple air vibrations, the null then jump of some hundred kilohertz.Then every observation become impossible, covered by a strong and strange pseudo noise signal. Sometime these skips seems, as experienced, as false contacts! Sometime seem a white noise... Ive lost a lot of time before to understand this phenomenon, finally resolved with a simple turning the wire of antennas! Coax is immune of skips, because the only mode possible is the TEM. 13
New generation of interferometers. After this very bulky circle, impossible to orient in the space, I built a lot of various types of interferometers. All my dayly recordings were done with them.
Fig.19 I made this type (fig.19) thinking that if the two waves travel separately in two arms of the circle , then can travel together in a same linear waveguide. It was enough sensible but sincerely I didnt understood how it functions... Later , finally, I understood the why: is the coax that detects the wind! The ether acts directly on the wavelength of the wave travelling from the antenna asymmetrical to symmetrical in the lambda coaxial cable. Then the influence is of first order! But at beginning I thought with Maxwell that the 1 order is impossible. Then I abandoned it and adopted one based on reflection, its 2order. Although they were less sensible. Several types of such interferometers I built in these years: in all them I wrong thought that was along the length of path that the phase varies with the 2order Doppler, although is of 1order in the short wave coaxial. 14
Fig.20 The first linear interferometer I realized (fig.20) was based on comparison between start and arrival wave. It had a very low sensibility because was really of 2order. I quickly abandoned it.
Fig.21 In the second type (fig.21) I eliminated the external cable and adopted the reflection inside the waveguide. I adopted this type at reflection interferometer thinking that it detects 2order . The sensibility was higher enough ... In reality the detection were always in the short coaxial connecting the antennas.
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Fig.22 To eliminate all scalar influences , as temperature, air pressure, in a second moment I realized this differential interferometer (fig.22). Every perturbations common to both directions, as temperature, pressure, magnetism, gravitation, labels themselves. The measure then is, I thought, only of the Doppler. But the sensitivity didnt doubled as I waited, because here also was the short wave coaxial who detected in majority the ether wind! When finally I understood that is in the coax that happens the wind detection, I built a new generation of interferometers, thousand times more sensible that the first ones. (fig.23, 24)
At extreme of the wavelength long waveguide the detection is of the 1 order Doppler
Fig.23 16
Pseudo magic tee detector. Opposed waves are added. Again 1 order Doppler
Fig.24
Fig.25
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Fig.26 Explanation: At extremes of this resonant cavity the left and right loops intercepts the maximum of magnetic field (red vector). They are opposed in phase. Putting along the horizon , tuning the generators frequency, you do the null. Then tilt the generator rigidly connected with the box - you intecept the ether wind: The wave travelling with the wind is delayed and similarly detected by left diode. The diodes, being opposed in polarity, summing the positive and negative components will give a d.c. output proportional to cosine of intercept angle. Tilting 90 this little interferometer - always with the generator - the variation is of about 20 mV.
Fig.26 In fig.26 is the graph of anisotropy obtained rotating vertically generator and box of 180. The phase changed of 1,48/1000 of degree. Interpreted as first order Doppler it means about 12 Km/s of wind. Very near to escape velocity preconized by Robert J. Distinti in his paper n.g.pdf. 18
Fig.27 In fig.27 is shown this delay. It was recorded with a cavity containing a dielectric resonator, although. But also an empty cavity has the same delay. But at beginning, when I used the big circle, this was very evident: (fig.28)
Fig.28 19
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Fig.28
Fig.29
In fig.28 the lobes are referred to an empty cavity, and in fig.29 in a cable. In fig.28 the (vertical) lobes are referred to a cavity feed at various frequencies. But at the end of rotation NEVER the signal retours to starting point: they reach after about more than 10 minutes! In fig.29 the lobes are referred to a coaxial cable discriminated by a magic T. The phenomenon here is more evident. Again, the phenomenon is present at beginning, when the RF come from the generator. The phase reaches slowly to the standing rate. Long time recordings when the box is leaved still, no variation of phase is noticed. The recording of the phase is completely flat for days and days.
Fig.31 21
Fig.32 In fig.32 the red graph is done without, and the black graph with a weight of 10 grams added to cover (fig.33) The weight of the ultra sensible cover is about 12 grams!
Fig.33
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Fig.34 In fig. 34 is shown the sweep of the tobaccos box. The delta frequency is 1 GHz, with the center at 3465 MHz, eolotropic frequency, its at which the wavelength varies with tilting. The second null , in the oscillogram, is at about 3,8GHz, but do not respond All measured nulls, in fact, are not eolotropic That I explain as perfectly transversal resonance: the wave is standing transversally to wind. And at other null-frequencies the response is lesser than the maximum. These may be, I think, sidewise resonances: the wave is standing but oblique.
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Fig.35 Why quadrupled and not doubled? Then the rising is quadratic? I must reflect again... The measure is always the reality! I have accomplished this research alone, completely surrounded by irony. These are my results. I hope that some other will check if is real what I measured, repeating my experiments . Fabio Mosca. Eolotropic Laboratory in Trieste. 2012-11-23 fa.mosca@yahoo.it
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