Solubility Product Constant (K sp ) Values at 25 oC

Salt
K sp
Bromides
PbBr 2
6.610-6
CuBr
6.310-9
AgBr
5.410-13
Hg 2 Br 2 6.410-23
Chlorides
PbCl 2
1.210-5
CuCl
1.710-7
AgCl
1.810-10
Hg 2 Cl 2
1.410-18
Fluorides
BaF 2
1.810-7
MgF 2
7.410-11
SrF 2
2.510-9
CaF 2
1.510-10
Iodides
PbI 2
8.510-9
CuI
1.110-12
AgI
8.510-17
Hg 2 I 2
4.510-29
Sulfates
CaSO 4
7.110-5
Hg 2 SO 4
6.810-7
Ag 2 SO 4
1.210-5
SrSO 4
3.510-7
PbSO 4
1.810-8
BaSO 4
1.110-10

Salt
K sp
Carbonates
MgCO 3
6.810-6
NiCO 3
1.310-7
CaCO 3
5.010-9
SrCO 3
5.610-10
MnCO 3
2.210-11
CuCO 3
2.510-10
CoCO 3
1.010-10
FeCO 3
2.110-11
ZnCO 3
1.210-10
Ag 2 CO 3
8.110-12
CdCO 3
6.210-12
PbCO 3
7.410-14
Chromates
CaCrO 4
7.110-4
SrCrO 4
2.210-5
Hg 2 CrO 4
2.010-9
BaCrO 4
1.210-10
Ag 2 CrO 4
2.010-12
PbCrO 4
2.810-13
Acetates
AgCH 3 COO
4.410-3
Hg 2 (CH 3 COO) 2 410-10
Arsenates
Pb 3 (AsO 4 ) 2
410-36
Mg 3 (AsO 4 ) 2
210-20

Salt
K sp
Oxalates
MgC 2 O 4
4.810-6
FeC 2 O 4
210-7
NiC 2 O 4
110-7
SrC 2 O 4
510-8
CuC 2 O 4
310-8
BaC 2 O 4
1.610-7
CdC 2 O 4
1.410-8
ZnC 2 O 4
1.410-9
CaC 2 O 4
2.310-9
Ag 2 C 2 O 4
3.510-11
PbC 2 O 4
4.810-12
Hg 2 C 2 O 4
1.810-13
MnC 2 O 4
110-15
Phosphates
Ag 3 PO 4
8.910-17
AlPO 4
9.810-21
Mn 3 (PO 4 ) 2
110-22
Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2
310-23
BiPO 4
1.310-23
Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2
410-28
Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 7.910-43
Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2
110-26

Salt

K sp

Sulfides
CoS
2.010-25
CuS
6.310-36
FeS
6.310-18
HgS
1.610-52
PbS
8.010-28
CdS
810-27
MnS
2.510-10
NiS
310-19
AgS
610-50
ZnS
1.110-21
Hydroxides
Ba(OH) 2
5.010-3
Sr(OH) 2
6.410-3
Ca(OH) 2
4.710-6
Mg(OH) 2 5.610-12
Mn(OH) 2 2.110-13
Cd(OH) 2
5.310-15
Pb(OH) 2
1.210-15
Fe(OH) 2
4.910-17
Ni(OH) 2
5.510-16
Co(OH) 2
1.110-15
Zn(OH) 2
4.110-17
Cu(OH) 2
1.610-19
Hg(OH) 2
3.110-26
Sn(OH) 2
5.410-27
Cr(OH) 3
6.710-31
Fe(OH) 3
2.610-39
Al(OH) 3
1.910-33

Formation Constants of Complex Ions

Kf

Complex Ion Equilibrium

Halide complexes
[AlF 6 ]32.5 x 104
-1
[AlF 4 ]
2.0 x 108
[BeF 4 ]21.3 x 1013
2[SnF 6 ]
1 x 1025
-1
[CuCl 2 ]
3 x 105
[AgCl 2 ]-1
1.8 x 105
2[PbCl 4 ]
2.5 x 1015
1.6
[ZnCl 4 ]2[HgCl 4 ]25.0 x 1015
[CuBr 2 ]-1
8.0 x 105
[AgBr 2 ]-1
1 x 1011
2[HgBr 4 ]
3 x 104
-1
[CuI 2 ]
8 x 108
[AgI 2 ]-1
1 x 1011
2[PbI 4 ]
3 x 104
2[HgI 4 ]
1.9 x 1030
Ammonia complexes
1.6 x 107
[Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ]+
2+
[Zn(NH 3 ) 4 ]
7.8 x 108
[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2+
1.1 x 1013
2+
[Hg(NH 3 ) 4 ]
1.8 x 1019
[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]2+
5.0 x 104
3+
[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]
4.6 x 1033
2+
[Cd(NH 3 ) 6 ]
2.6 x 105
[Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]2+
2 x 108
Cyanide complexes
[Fe(CN) 6 ]41.0 x 1024
1.0 x 1031
[Fe(CN) 6 ]3-1
[Ag(CN) 2 ]
5.3 x 1018
-1
[Cu(CN) 2 ]
1.0 x 1016
[Cd(CN) 4 ]27.7 x 1016
-1
[Au(CN) 2 ]
2 x 1038
2[Ni(CN) 4 ]
11030
Complexes with other monodentate ligands
[Ag(CH 3 NH 2 ) 2 ]+1
7.8 x 106
[Cd(SCN) 4 ]21 x 103
[Cu(SCN) 2 ]
5.6 x 103
[Fe(SCN) 3 ]
2 x 106
[Hg(SCN) 4 ]25.0 x 1021
2[Cu(OH) 4 ]
1.3 x 1016
[Zn(OH) 4 ]22 x 1020
Complexes with bidentate ligands (en = ethylenediamine )
6.5 x 105
[Mn(en) 3 ]2+
[Fe(en) 3 ]2+
5.2 x 109
2+
[Co(en) 3 ]
1.3 x 1014
3+
[Co(en) 3 ]
4.8 x 1048
[Ni(en) 3 ]2+
4.1 x 1017
2+
[Cu(en) 2 ]
3.5 x 1019
4[Co(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ]
4.5 x 106
[Fe(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ]33.3 x 1020

Acid Dissociation Constants (25 _C)

Name

Formula

Acetic
Arsenic
Ascorbic
Benzoic
Boric
Carbonic
Citric
Cyanic
Formic
Hydrocyanic
Hydrofluoric
Hydrogen peroxide
Selenic Acid
Hydrogen sulfide
Iodic
Lactic
Malonic
Nitrous
Oxalic
Phenol
Phosphoric
Propionic
Selenous
Sulfuric
Sulfurous

HC 2 H 3 O 2
H 3 AsO 4
HC 6 H 7 O 6
HC 7 H 5 O 2
H 3 BO 3
H 2 CO 3
H3C6H5O7
HCNO
HCHO 2
HCN
HF
H2O2
H 2 SeO 4
H2S
HIO 3
HC 3 H 5 O 3
H2C3H2O4
HNO 2
H2C2O4
HC 6 H 5 O
H 3 PO 4
HC 3 H 5 O 2
H 2 SeO 3
H 2 SO 4
H 2 SO 3

K a2

K a3

1.010-7
1.610-12

3.010-12

K a1
-5

1.810
5.610-3
8.010-5
6.510-5
5.810-10
4.310-7
7.410-4
3.510-4
1.810-4
4.910-10
6.810-4
2.410-12
Strong Acid
5.710-8
1.710-1
1.410-4
1.510-3
4.510-4
5.910-2
1.310-10
7.510-3
1.310-5
2.310-3
Strong Acid
1.710-2

5.610-11
1.710-5

4.010-7

2.210-2
1.310-13
2.010-6
6.410-5
6.210-8

4.210-13

5.310-9
1.210-2
6.410-8

Base Dissociation Constants (25 _C)

Name
Ammonia
Aniline
Dimethlyamine
Ethylamine
Trimethylamine

Formula
NH 3
C 6 H 5 NH 2
(CH 3 ) 2 NH
C 2 H 5 NH 2
(CH 3 )CN

Kb

Name
-5

1.810
4.310-10
5.410-4
6.410-4
6.410-5

Hydrazine
Hydroxylamine
Methylamine
Pyridine
Diethylamine

Formula

Kb

H 2 NNH 2
HONH 2
CH 3 NH 2
C5H5N
(C 2 H 5 ) 2 NH

1.310-6
1.110-8
4.410-4
1.710-9
6.910-4