Period 2 11.9.12 A.

Conceptual Identifications Chapter 12- Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties Unification (pg 264) - making or becoming a single unit Context: With political and unification and the rapid expansion of the agricultural and commercial sectors came a rebirth in the arts, scholarship, and invention. Significance: With a centralized government comes cultural and intellectual development. Theme: Political- centralization; cultural- arising of new arts, education, innovations, etc.; social- intellectual development Assimilation (pg 267) - The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity Context: At the Tang capital, they were also educated in Chinese ways in the hope of their eventual assimilation into Chinese culture. Significance: With a dedicated bond between the Turkic khans and the Tang, they became a potent military force. The Turks wanted to absorb the Chinese culture to resemble them. Themes: social- alliance between two cultures; cultural- adoption of another culture Scholar-gentry (pg 263) - civil servants appointed by the emperor to perform day-to-day governance. Context: In most kingdoms the position of the scholar-gentry declined sharply as landed families with aristocratic pretensions dominated regional rulers. Significance: After the fall of the Han dynasty, the government was never the same despite attempts at centralization. Themes: social- position in hierarchy; political- helped to run the government Monastic orders (pg 269) a group of people living under religious rule Context: Increasing state patronage for Confucian learning threatened not only the aristocratic families but also the Buddhists monastic orders, which had become a major force in Chinese life in the Six Dynasties era. Significance: The enforcement of Confucian learning was disrupting Buddhism, which had still remained strong after the fall of the Han. Themes: Cultural- religious order/way of living Popular uprisings (pg 273) a common refusal of obedience or order Context: Worsening economic conditions led to a succession of revolts in the 9 century, some of which were popular uprisings led by peasants. Significance: The decline of the Tang economy led to many peasant revolts. Themes: economy- decline->unhappy peasants-> revolt
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