S U R FAC E C H E M I S T RY

G E N E R A L C ATA L O G

C O N T E N TS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 P R O D U C T A P P L I C AT I O N S . . . . . . . . . .2 . .3

F AT T Y A M I N E C H E M I S T R Y O V E R V I E W

L I S T I N G O F N I T R O G E N D E R I VAT I V E S . . 1 0 AMINES Armeen Amines Primary Amines Dialkyl Secondary Amines Alkyl Dimethyl Tertiary Amines Dialkyl Methyl Tertiary Amines Trialkyl Tertiary Amines Duomeen N-Alkyl Propane Diamines Triameen and Tetrameen N-Alkyl Higher Amines Ethomeen Ethoxylated Amines Ethoduomeen Ethoxylated Diamines Propomeen Propoxylated Amines AMINE SALTS Armac Amine Acetates QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS Arquad Quaternary Salts Alkyltrimethyl Quaternary Salts Dialkyldimethyl Quaternary Salts Trialkylmethyl Quaternary Salts Benzylalkyl Quaternary Salts Ethoquad Ethoxylated Quaternary Salts Duoquad Diquaternary Salts AMINE OXIDES Aromox Amine Oxides Alkyl Dimethyl Amine Oxides Bis(2-hydroxethyl) Alkyl Amine Oxides AMIDES Armid Amides Ethomid Ethoxylated Amides NITRILES Arneel OD CORROSION INHIBITORS Armohib Products NONIONIC CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW . . . . .34 . . .36 L I S T I N G O F A N I O N I C S U R F A C TA N T S SULFONIC ACIDS AND SULFONATES Petro Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonates Witconate Alpha Olefin Sulfonates Witconate Alkylbenzene Sulfonates Witconate Aryl/Alkyl Aryl Sulfonic Acids SULFATES Witcolate Alkyl/Alkyl Ether/Alkyl Aryl Ether Sulfates PHOSPHATE ESTERS Phospholan Alcohol Phosphates Phospholan Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphates Phospholan Phenol/Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphates Phospholan Alkyl Amine Phosphate CARBOXYLATES Emcol Ethoxylated Carboxylate SULFOSUCCINATES Lankropol Sulfosuccinates . . . .24 ANIONIC CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW . . . . . .22

L I S T I N G O F N O N I O N I C S U R F A C TA N T S Amadol Alkanolamides Emulpon Castor Oil Ethoxylates Ethofat Ethoxylated Fatty Acids Ethylan Linear and Branched Alcohol Alkoxylates Witconol Alkyl Phenol Alkoxylates Witconol Polyols/Polyol Esters Witconol Resin Alkoxylates

APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Solubility of Armeen Amines Solubility of Ethoxylated Products Solubility of Arquad Quaternary Ammonium Compounds C U S TO M E R S E R V I C E & S U P P O R T . . . . . . . 4 7 T R A D E M A R K E D P R O D U C TS N OT L I S T E D . . . 4 8

INTRODUCTION

This catalog contains information about specialty chemicals offered by Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC. Among these are fatty amines, amine salts, quaternary ammonium compounds, amine oxides and amides. Naphthalene and alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates, alcohol and phenol-derived alkoxylates, polyols, phosphate esters, sulfosuccinates and alkanolamides are also offered. The majority of these compounds are

surface active agents,

used in hundreds of commercial applications.

Our product portfolio, with the acquisition of the Industrial Specialties division of Crompton Corporation, has expanded to include nitrogen-based cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants. We now offer the formulator and chemical investigator a robust portfolio of surface-active agents and intermediates from which to choose. Our chemical technology expertise, efficient manufacturing facilities, research and development support and commitment to providing quality products help fulfill our promise to be your

responsive partner in rheology and surface

chemistry wherever you are.

This catalog lists our product range, specifications, typical properties and applications. Minimum order quantities may be required for some of the chemicals in this catalog. Should you require additional

information or wish to inquire

about the availability of related products, please contact our Customer Service or Technical Service personnel at 1-800-906-9977, email csrusa@akzonobel.com or via our website at http://surface.akzonobelusa.com. We will be pleased to help you.

INTRODUCTION

R E C O M M E N D E D P R O D U CTS Many applications are made possible using the cationic, anionic and nonionic products presented in this catalog. Their versatility is illustrated by the following list of industrial, detergent and personal care applications with examples of Akzo Nobel products to be used. APPLICATION Agricultural Chemicals inert ingredients (under Title 40 CFR 180.1001) adjuvants emulsifiers anticaking dispersing Antistatic Agents textiles polymers electronics paper electrostatic spraying Bitumen Chemicals Corrosion Inhibitors acid petroleum Demulsifiers paper petroleum Detergents fabric softeners cleaners Dishwashing Liquids Dispersing Agents pigments inks Emulsifiers oil leather treatment silicones Foaming Agents Metal Working cutting fluids lubricants Mineral Processing anticaking agents flocculating aids Organoclays Paper Manufacture deinking printing aids coatings absorbency softening/debonding/pulping Personal Care/Cosmetics hair conditioners resin neutralizers shampoo cosurfactants thickeners Petroleum Production thickened fracturing fluids diesel oil emulsions antiswelling agents corrosion inhibition/water demulsifiers paraffin control Petroleum Refined Products corrosion inhibition/lubricants Pigment Producing Additives filler dispersants stabilizer intermediates mold release agents Sugar Refining Additives Textile Auxiliaries dyeing assistants lubricants/scrooping scouring Vehicle Cleaning Formulations Water Treatment Chemicals filming amines flocculants corrosion inhibitors metal working water treatment NITROGEN DERIVATIVES ANIONICS NONIONICS

Ethomeen, Arquad, Ethoquad, Armeen Armac chemicals

Petro chemicals

Arquad, Ethoquad, Ethomeen, Armac chemicals Arquad, Duomeen, Duoquad chemicals Armeen, Arquad, Ethomeen, Duomeen chemicals Armohib chemicals Arquad, Ethomeen, Propomeen chemicals Arquad, Ethoquad, Aromox, Armosoft chemicals Aromox chemicals

Phospholan chemicals

Phospholan chemicals

Amadol chemicals

pharmaceuticals

thickeners

Witcolate, Witconate, Phospholan chemicals Witcolate, Witconate chemicals

Witconol, Ethylan chemicals Witconol, Ethylan, Amadol chemicals Witconol, Ethylan chemicals

paints

Arquad, Armeen, Armac, Duomeen, Duomac, Triameen chemicals Arquad, Ethomeen, Duoquad, Ethoquad, Ethomid chemicals Arquad, Aromox chemicals

Petro, Phospholan, Lankropol chemicals Phospholan chemicals

wax polish solvent cleaners triglycerides

Witconol, Ethylan, Amadol chemicals

Witconic, Witcolate, Witconate, Petro, Phospholan chemicals Phospholan chemicals

metal cleaning

Armeen, Ethomeen, Duomeen chemicals Armeen, Armac, Lilamin, Armoflo chemicals Arquad chemicals Armid, Ethofat, Ethomeen chemicals

flotation agents

Petro chemicals

Lankropol, Petro, Phospholan chemicals

Arquad, Ethoquad chemicals, Armeen, Ethomeen chemicals, Ampholak, Aromox chemicals Ethoquad, Aromox chemicals, Armac, Duomeen, Arquad chemicals, Arquad chemicals, Duomac, Arquad, Armeen chemicals

Witcolate, Witconate, Lankropol, Phospholan chemicals

Amadol chemicals

Petro, Witconate chemicals, Witconate chemicals

Armeen, Ethomeen, Aromox, Armid, Duomeen, Arquad chemicals Duomeen, Triameen chemicals Arquad, Ethomeen chemicals Armeen chemicals Armid, Arneel chemicals Arquad chemicals Arquad, Armeen, Ethomeen, Ethoquad chemicals, Ethomid chemicals Arquad, Ethomeen chemicals Armeen, Armac chemicals Arquad chemicals Arquad, Duomeen chemicals Petro chemicals, Witconic, Witconate, Witcolate, Phospholan, Lankropol, Emcol chemicals Witcolate, Witconate, Petro chemicals Amadol chemicals Witconol chemicals Witconol chemicals Petro, Witconate chemicals

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

F AT T Y A M I N E

CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

Finished Products Kortacid Nouracid Amidation Neutralization Raw Materials Animal Based Fats Vegetable Based Oils Fat/Oil Hydrolysis Distillation Esterification Quaternization Armeen Duomeen Triameen Redicote Berol Alkoxylation Armac Duomac Armid Arquad Duoquad Ethoquad Armosoft Redicote Ethomeen Ethomid Ethofat Redicote Berol Elfacos Bermodol

Nitrilation Glycerine

Hydrogenation

Cellulose Alcohols Ethylene Glucose Oxidation Alkylation Aromox Ethylene Oxide

Bermocoll Ampholak Berol

FIGURE 1. AKZO NOBEL SURFACE CHEMISTRY PROCESS OVERVIEW

Introduction
This review describes the chemistry of fatty amines and related nitrogen derivatives offered by Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC. These products are produced at three plants in North America. This output, when combined with the production of our European, Brazilian and Japanese plants, makes Akzo Nobel the world's leading supplier of fatty amines and their derivatives. The combined research programs of our group are extensive and ensure that Akzo Nobel will maintain its foremost position in fatty amine technology. The basic building blocks of the products are the primary, secondary and tertiary amines and diamines described in this brochure. These are based on alkyl groups ranging from C8 to C22, with C12 to C18 most predominant. In most cases, the products are derived from natural feedstocks. Table 1 displays the alkyl percent distributions for the various fattyalkyl groups used in the manufacture of our products. By protonation, alkylation or ethoxylation, the product group is extended in order to form a range of surfactants offering a wide spectrum of melting point, solubility and cationic activity. The range of derivatives is sufficiently extensive to meet the needs of almost all Cationic Surfactant users as chemical intermediates as essential processing aids, and as functional ingredients in many formulations. Figure 1 gives an overview of the interconnecting process steps to produce these derivatives. Our major trademarks are given for the finished products. Many applications are made possible using fattyalkyl amine surfactants because of one or more of the three functions described in the next section. Their versatility can be illustrated by the following list of industrial, detergent and personal care applications with examples of Akzo Nobel products used: (see chart on page 2)

swap in hi res

S AT U R AT E D C8 C10 C12 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C20 C22 0.5 99 0.5 6 7 51 19 9 2

0.5 97 2.5 2.5

0.5 1.5 4 0.5 96.5 8-14 0.5

0.5 1.0 16 15

3 0.5 29 1 20

hydrogenated tallow 3.5 0.5 31 1 61 3

Alkyl Composition

hexadecyl-

octadecyl-

dodecyl-

tallow

oleyl

soya

coco

U N S AT U R AT E D C14 C16 C18 C18 0.5 4 0.5 70-74 5 1.0 49.5 13 0.5 2 44

* Composition is that of base acids from which amines were derived.

TABLE 1.

APPROXIMATE ALKYL PERCENT DISTRIBUTION FOR FATTYALKYL AMINES

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

hydrogenated rapeseed 0.5 3.5 38 8 50

orientation in water

orientation in non-polar solvent

orientation at air/water interface

orientation at air/oil interface

F I G U R E 2 . O R I E N TAT I O N O F S U R F A C TA N T IN SEVERAL SYSTEMS

Functional Properties of Fatty Amines and Derivatives

The molecular structure of fatty amines and derivatives is characterized by one or more C8 to C22 aliphatic alkyl groups, R, with one or more amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities: Because of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, this group

A. Surface Activity

B. Substantivity

C. Reactivity is strongly hydrophobic, that is, it is repelled by water. On the other hand, the nitrogen atom is hydrophilic or water loving, particularly when it is protonated, alkoxylated or quaternized. Substances which contain groups in the same molecule with such opposite functions are referred to as amphiphilic. When dissolved or dispersed in water or non-aqueous solvents, one portion of the molecule is strongly repelled by its surrounding solvent. Because of this repelling force, these molecules tend to orient themselves at surfaces and interfaces, or form micelles (aggregates of oriented molecules), as shown in Figure 2. Such orientation/aggregation phenomena are called surface activity and materials that exhibit it are surface active agents, often referred to as surfactants. Surfactants are classified by the nature of their hydrophilic moiety, which carries a negative ionic charge in anionic surfactants, or a positive ionic charge in cationic surfactants. The hydrophilic moiety in non-ionic surfactants is usually a neutral polyoxyalkylene group. In cationic surfactants the positive charge may be derived from several chemical functional groups, such as sulphoxonium, oxonium, phosphonium, iodonium, etc. Commercially, however, it is usually associated with a nitrogen atom contained in an amine or quaternary ammonium group. The cationic nature of fatty amines and derivatives has given rise to a wide variety of uses in many applications. These functions may be recognized as being derived from three basic properties:

1. The surface active properties of many fatty amines and derivatives relate to the amphiphilic molecular structure, which leads to orientation at interfaces (see figure 2). As a result, interfacial tension is affected and a number of surfactant functions can be seen: emulsification wetting foaming thickening

2. The term substantivity refers to the adsorptive properties of cationic surfactants and related nitrogen derivatives. Adsorption, particularly onto solid surfaces, results from the attraction between the positive charge on the nitrogen atom and the negative charge characteristic of most surfaces. Consequently, substantivity leads to surface modification and to the following functions: softening anti-static properties lubrication corrosion inhibition adhesion hydrophobation

3. Reactive properties of cationic surfactants can be identified in several uses, in particular when complexes are formed with anionic species on a molecular level, governed by stoichiometry. Frequently, such complexes show very low solubility in water, so that the following functions can be found in such areas as water treatment, sugar refining, and the production of organo clays: flocculation decolorization ion exchange

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

Selection Criteria for Fatty Amines and Derivatives

The following properties of fatty amines and derivatives may be used as guideposts in their selection in a variety of applications.

Solubility
Solubility of surfactants is a primary criterion for their selection. Tables 1, 2 and 3 in the Appendices summarize the solubility behavior in various solvents for fatty amines and their ethoxylated and quaternary derivatives, respectively. A. Solubility in water Alkylamines of C8-C22 chain length are only slightly protonated at neutral pH and thus are insoluble in water:

In acidic media, protonation is proportional to the strength of the protonating acid and the resulting amine salt is much more soluble:

pH, for example. The increased aqueous solubility associated with protonation comes with a considerable increase in positive charge. This is also achievable by alkylation of the nitrogen atom, forming quaternary ammonium compounds. Monoalkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides are soluble in water up to a concentration range of 30% (for C18) to 40% (for C12). Above this concentration level, the surfactant forms a liquid crystalline phase. For dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides, literature states that this solubility limit is found at much lower levels, as low as 0.001% for di(hydrogenated tallowalkyl) ammonium chloride, Arquad 2HT. This quaternary salt, however, can form stable dispersions as a result of molecular aggregation into vesicles. These consist of bilayers spaced by aqueous layers arranged in concentric circles. Water solubility also is increased by the introduction of neutral hydrophilic groups such as polyoxyethylene groups, in which case there is no increase in charge on the nitrogen atoms. Ethoxylation of aliphatic amines yields the Ethomeen series. Solubility of Ethomeen compounds is dependent upon the degree of ethoxylation (see Table 2 in Appendices). Ethomeen C/12, for example, contains two oxyethylene units per molecule and is insoluble in water, whereas Ethomeen C/25 contains fifteen oxyethylene units per molecule and is water soluble. Factors which affect water solubility are summarized in Table 2.

In general, one protonated amino group is sufficiently hydrophilic to solubilize an alkyl chain containing up to twelve methylene groups. Solubilization of an octadecyl (C18) alkyl group requires two protonated amino groups as provided in Duomeen T at low

WATER SOLUBILITY INCREASES: a. influence of alkyl chain by decrease in chain length (or molecular mass) by increase in unsaturation b. influence of nitrogen moiety by increase in number of functional groups by increase in degree of ethoxylation by formation of salts by quaternization c. influence of medium by decreasing pH TA B L E 2 . F A C T O R S A F F E C T I N G W AT E R S O L U B I L I T Y

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

B. Solubility in non-aqueous media Fatty amines and derivatives generally show appreciable solubilities in polar organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and in non-polar solvents. In hydrocarbons, solubility depends on the alkyl chain length, on the degree of unsaturation and on the cationic character of the nitrogen moiety. C. Solubility in two-phase systems When a surfactant is dissolved in a two-phase system consisting of water and, for example, a hydrocarbon such as n-heptane, it distributes itself in the two phases. The relative solubility is dependent on the nature of the surfactant and on the nature of the system, and can be expressed by the so-called partition coefficient. The effect of pH on partitioning may be dramatic as in the case of amines that can be protonated and consequently have a preference for the aqueous phase at low pH. This is illustrated in Figure 3, showing the partition of Armeen C (a primary amine) between n-heptane and water as a function of the pH of the aqueous phase.

Emulsions may be classified as oil in water, in which hydrophobic material is dispersed in water, or as water in oil, in which water is dispersed in hydrophobic material. Formation of oil in water (O/W) emulsions is favored by emulsifiers having a high HLB value. Thus, ethoxylated amines such as Ethomeen C/15 and Ethomeen C/25 are used in applications where O/W emulsions are desired. In similar applications but at high pH, the corresponding Ethoquad ethoxylated quaternary salt might be preferred, due to increased solubility derived from the quaternized amine group. For water in oil (W/O) emulsions, low HLB surfactants are more effective. Lower ethoxylates of higher molecular weight alkylamines would be considered for such applications, including Ethomeen S/12 and Ethomeen T/12.

Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance
The orientation of surfactant molecules at a water/solvent interface, as shown in Figure 2, leads to important performance properties of the surfactant such as emulsification. A classification of surfactants that can help in selecting an appropriate emulsifier is the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) value. The HLB value indicates where the relative hydrophilicity of a particular surfactant lies. Higher HLB values correspond to stronger hydrophilic character of the surfactant. Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry uses the Davies scale of 0-40 to classify its surfactants. These values are found in the product description section of this catalog.

FIGURE 3.

PA RT I T I O N O F C O C OA M I N E [ A R M E E N C ] I N N - H E P TA N E / W AT E R .

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

Surface tension
Surfactants exhibit both adsorption phenomena and the ability to form micelles. Due to adsorption at the air/water interface, a decrease of surface tension is observed with increasing surfactant concentration (see Figure 4). At a rather distinct surfactant concentration, the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC), the formation of micelles starts and thereafter the free surfactant concentration remains constant, as does the surface tension, c.

Table 3 shows typical values of the surface tension for representative fatty amine derivatives. c DYNES/CM (WATER, 20C)

SURFACTANT

Armeen 12D (at pH 4, neutralized with HCl) Aromox C/12-W Arquad 16-50 Ethomeen S/12 Ethomeen T/15 Ethomeen C/25 Ethoquad 18/25

27 31 34 32 33 41 50

TA B L E 3 . T Y P I C A L S U R F A C E T E N S I O N VA L U E S

Other surfactant characteristics

In order to select the appropriate fatty amine or derivative, the determination of the following surface active properties can be helpful: foaming characteristics (e.g., according to Ross-Miles) Kraft point Cloud point

F I G U R E 4 . S U R FAC E T E N S I O N A S A F U N C T I O N O F S U R F A C TA N T C O N C E N T R AT I O N

Other physical and chemical properties

During processing, properties such as melting point, boiling point and flash point are important. Some properties are affected by the degree of unsaturation; for example, the melting point increases with increasing removal of double bonds (by hydrogenation) in the alkyl chain. Solubility is also influenced. Unsaturation may play a role in applications where chemical reactivity has an influence.

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

Representative Examples of Nitrogen Derivatives Offered by Akzo Nobel

CHEMICAL TYPE

TRADE NAME

FORMULA

CHEMICAL TYPE

TRADE NAME

FORMULA

FATTY AMINE CHEMISTRY OVERVIEW

N I T R O G E N D E R I VAT I V E S

10

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

AMINES

Primary Amines
SPECIFICATIONS Equivalent Weight** Primary Amine, % Melting Point,C TYPICAL PROPERTIES Primary Amine, % HLB Davies Scale

Amine Number

Amine Number

Gardner Color

PRODUCT PRIMARY AMINES

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

Min.

Min.

Max.

ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN

12D*** 16D 18D C CD HR

ARMEEN HT ARMEEN HTD ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN O OD OL OLD R S SD T TD

Dodecylamine Hexadecylamine Octadecylamine Cocoalkylamines Cocoalkylamines Hydrogenated rapeseedalkylamines Hydrogenated tallowalkylamines Hydrogenated tallowalkylamines Oleylamine Oleylamine Oleylamine Oleylamine Rapeseedalkylamines Soyaalkylamines Soyaalkylamines Tallowalkylamines Tallowalkylamines

124-22-1 143-27-1 124-30-1 61788-46-3 61788-46-3 125328-43-0 61788-45-2 61788-45-2 112-90-3 112-90-3 112-90-3 112-90-3 125328-46-3 61790-18-9 61790-18-9 61790-33-8 61790-33-8

98 98 98 97 98 93 97 98 97 98 95 98 95 97 98 97 98

297 228 204 272 275 178 207 209 205 207 202 207 180 206 208 208 210

1 1 1 3 1 12 3 1 3 1 4 1 12 4 2 3 1

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

186 243 270 204 200 3.5 271 263 266 265 273 265 306 273 264 267 262

24 48 55 16 16 48 55 55 24 23 20 19 18 29 29 40 40

99.5 99 99 98 100 95 98 100 98 99 97 99 97 97 100 98 100

303 231 208 275 281 181 207 213 211 212 206 212 183 206 213 210 214

0.5 1 2 9 9 6 3 3 89 89 89 90 83 92 92 46 46

Iodine Value

Moisture %

10.7 8.6 8 10.3 10.3 6 8.2 8.2 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8.2 8.2

Secondary Amines
SPECIFICATIONS**** Equivalent Weight** Apparent Secondary Primary Amine, % Melting Point,C Secondary Amine, %

R 2 NH Secondary Amines
TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale

Amine Number

Amine Number

Gardner Color

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

SECONDARY AMINES Min. Max. Max. Max. Max.

ARMEEN 2C ARMEEN 2HT

Dicocoalkylamines Ditallowalkylamines

61789-76-2 61789-79-5

93 90

6 5

155 116

2 2

401 510

43 62

94 91

145 112

8 3

Iodine Value

4.2 1

* **

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA. Equivalent Weight = 56,110/Amine Number.

*** ****

D = Distilled All secondary amines meet moisture specifications of 0.5% max.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

11

AMINES

Te r t i a r y A m i n e s M o n o a l k y l *
SPECIFICATIONS** Tertiary Amine, % Equivalent Weight Melting Point,C Amine Number Gardner Color TYPICAL PROPERTIES Tertiary Amine, % HLB Davies Scale Amine Number

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

TERTIARY AMINES - MONOALKYL-DIMETHYLAMINES Min. Min. Max.

ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN ARMEEN

DM12D DM16D DM18D DMCD DMHTD

ARMEEN DMOD ARMEEN DMSD ARMEEN DMTD

Dodecyl-dimethylamine Hexadecyl-dimethylamine Octadecyl-dimethylamine Cocoalkyl-dimethylamines Hydrogenated tallowalkyldimethylamines Oleyl-dimethylamine Soyaalkyl-dimethylamines Tallowalkyl-dimethylamines

112-18-5 112-69-6 124-28-7 61788-93-0 61788-95-2 28061-69-0 61788-91-8 68814-69-7

95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

250 198 180 234 184 183 183 184

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

219 276 303 236 292 295 297 291

-19 8 20 -22 18 -10 -10 5

258 203 185 239 192 190 189 193

98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98

9.8 7.7 7.1 9.4 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.3

Te r t i a r y A m i n e s D i a l k y l *
SPECIFICATIONS** Tertiary Amine, % Equivalent Weight Melting Point,C Amine Number Gardner Color

Tertiary Amines Dialkyl

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Tertiary Amine, % HLB Davies Scale Amine Number

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

TERTIARY AMINES - DIALKYL-METHYLAMINES Min. Min. Max.

ARMEEN M2C ARMEEN M2HT

Dicocoalkyl-methylamines Dihydrogenated tallowalkyl-methylamines

61788-62-3 61788-63-4

97 97

137 105

2 1

395 524

-2 38

142 107

99 99

3.7 1

Te r t i a r y A m i n e s Tr i a l k y l *
SPECIFICATIONS** Tertiary Amine, % Equivalent Weight Melting Point,C Amine Number Gardner Color

Tertiary Amines Trialkyl

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Tertiary Amine, % HLB Davies Scale Amine Number

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

TERTIARY AMINES - TRIALKYLAMINES Min. Min. Max.

ARMEEN 312 ARMEEN 316 ARMEEN 380

Tridodecylamine Trihexadecylamine Tri(octyl/decyl)amine

*

102-87-4 67701-00-2 68814-95-9

95 98 95

102 82

1 3 2

540 668 385

-9 38

104 84

96 99 96

<1 <1 <1

Additional tertiary amines are listed under Ethoxylated Amines. ** All tertiary amines meet moisture specifications of 0.5% max. Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

*** Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

12

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

AMINES

Po l ya m i n e s D i a m i n e s
SPECIFICATIONS

Diamines Diamines
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance@25C Equivalent Weight HLB Davies Scale Amine Number

Amine Number

Gardner Color

Iodine Value

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

P O LYA M I N E S D I A M I N E S Min. Max. Min. Max.

DUOMEEN C DUOMEEN CD DUOMEEN O DUOMEEN OL DUOMEEN T DUOMEEN TTM DUOMEEN S

N-coco-1,3diaminopropane N-coco-1,3diaminopropane N-oleyl-1,3diaminopropane N-oleyl-1,3diaminopropane N-tallow-1,3diaminopropane N.N.N-trimethyl-Ntallow-1,3-diaminopropane N-soya-1,3diaminopropane

61791-63-7 61791-63-7 7173-62-8 7173-62-8 61791-55-7 68783-25-5 61791-67-1

409 409 320 320 334 271 303

3 2 5 5 7 6 6

60 70 32 68

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Moisture %

133 130 163 163 161 199 160

Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Paste Liquid Paste

422 432 344 344 348 282 320

17.5 17.5 15.2 15.2 15.6 14.2 15.6

Po l ya m i n e s H i g h e r A m i n e s
SPECIFICATIONS Equivalent Weight Amine Number Gardner Color TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale Amine Number

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

P O LYA M I N E S H I G H E R A M I N E S Min. Max. Min. Max.

TETRAMEEN T TRIAMEEN T TRIAMEEN YT

N-tallowalkyl dipropylene tetramines N-tallowalkyl tripropylene triamines N-(3-Aminopropyl)-Ntallowalkyl trimethylene diamines

68911-79-5 61791-57-9

475 413

6 8

25

0.5 0.5

114 133

37 34

Melting Point

Iodine Value

Moisture %

492 422

32.4

85632-63-9

390

12

20

403

32.4

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

13

AMINES

R-N

(CH2CH2O)xH (CH2CH2O)yH

Ethoxylated Amines*
SPECIFICATIONS** Primary plus Secondary Amine, % Equivalent Weight

X + Y = 2, 5, 10, 15, 50

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

E T H O X Y L AT E D A M I N E S * Min. Max. Max.

ETHOMEEN 18/12 ETHOMEEN 18/15 ETHOMEEN 18/25 ETHOMEEN 18/60 ETHOMEEN C/12 ETHOMEEN C/15 ETHOMEEN C/25 ETHOMEEN O/12 ETHOMEEN S/12 ETHOMEEN S/15 ETHOMEEN S/25 ETHOMEEN T/12 ETHOMEEN T/15 ETHOMEEN T/20 ETHOMEEN T/25 ETHOMEEN T/30

Ethoxylated (2) octadecylamine Ethoxylated (5) octadecylamine Ethoxylated (15) octadecylamine Ethoxylated (50) octadecylamine Ethoxylated (2) cocoalkylamines Ethoxylated (5) cocoalkylamines Ethoxylated (15) cocoalkylamines Ethoxylated (2) oleylamines Ethoxylated (2) soyaalkylamines Ethoxylated (5) soyaalkylamines Ethoxylated (15) soyaalkylamines Ethoxylated (2) tallowalkylamines Ethoxylated (5) tallowalkylamines Ethoxylated (10) tallowalkylamines Ethoxylated (15) tallowalkylamines Ethoxylated (20) tallowalkylamines

10213-78-2 26635-92-7 26635-92-7 26635-92-7 61791-31-9 61791-14-8 61791-14-8 13127-82-7 73246-96-5 61791-24-0 61791-24-0 61791-44-4 61791-26-2 61791-26-2 61791-26-2 61791-26-2

350 480 900 2370 280 410 830 343 342 470 895 340 470 690 890 1250

374 505 960 2570 300 435 890 363 362 495 955 360 495 752 950 1300

2 8 8 10 4 7 10 8 6 10 10 6 7 12 8 12

3 2 1 0.5 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 2 0.4 1 1

155 114 60 23 193 133 65 160 159 116 61 160 116 78 61 44

Amine Number

Gardner Color

Solid Solid Liquid to Paste Paste to Solid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Paste Liquid to Paste Liquid Liquid to Paste Liquid

9.8 10.9 14.4 26.6 12.2 13.3 16.8 9.7 10.0 11.1 14.7 10.1 11.2 13.0 14.7 17.0

* ** ***

Base amines can be offered as propoxylated derivatives. The ethoxylated amines and diamines all meet moisture specifications of 1.0% max. Common name may be different from name listed by TSCA.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

14

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

AMINES

(CH2CH2O)xH R-NCH2CH2CH2N

(CH2CH2O)yH (CH2CH2O)zH

Po l ya m i n e s E t h ox y l a t e d D i a m i n e s *
SPECIFICATIONS** Primary plus Secondary Amine, % Equivalent Weight

X + Y + Z = 3, 10, 15 Ethoxylated Diamines

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

P O LYA M I N E S E T H O X Y L AT E D D I A M I N E S Min. Max. Max.

ETHODUOMEEN T/13 ETHODUOMEEN T/13N ETHODUOMEEN T/20 ETHODUOMEEN T/25

Ethoxylated (3) N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane Ethoxylated (3) N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane Ethoxylated (10) N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane Ethoxylated (15) N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane

61790-85-0 Proprietary blend 61790-85-0 61790-85-0

220 265 375 485

250 272 405 515

2 2 2 2

239 209 144 112

Amine Number

Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid

19.0

23.7 24.5

* ** ***

Base amines can be offered as propoxylated derivatives. The ethoxylated amines and diamines all meet moisture specifications of 1.0% max. Common name may be different from name listed by TSCA.

CH3

Propoxylated Amines
SPECIFICATIONS* Equivalent Weight Tertiary Amine, %

R-N CH2CHOH

Propoxylated Amines
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME

TSCA NUMBER

P R O P O X Y L AT E D A M I N E S Min. Max. Max.

PROPOMEEN O/12 PROPOMEEN T/12

N-oleyl-1, 1-iminobis-2-propanol N-tallowalkyl-1, 1-iminobis-2-propanol

65086-71-7 68951-72-4

371 368

391 388

6 6

97 97

147 148

Amine Number

Gardner Color

Clear Liquid Clear Liquid

8.9 9.2

All propoxylated amines meet moisture specifications of 1.0% max.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

15

A M I N E S A LT S

RNH2 CH3CO2H Amine Salts

Amine Acetates and Diamine Salts

SPECIFICATIONS

RNHCH2CH2CH2NH2 2R'CO2H Diamine Salts

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME***

TSCA NUMBER

A M I N E A C E TAT E S A N D D I A M I N E S A LT S Min. Max. Max. Min. Max.

ARMAC 18D-40*** ARMAC HT*** ARMAC T DUOMEEN TDO DUOMEEN TDO-IHF

Octadecylamine acetate and octadecyl amine Hydrogenated tallowalkyl amine acetates Tallowalkylamine acetates N-tallow-1,3diaminopropane ditallates N-tallow-1,3-(a) diaminopropane ditallates

2190-04-7 124-30-1 61790-59-8 61790-60-1 61791-53-5 Mixture

38 95 98 98

42 102 104 104

11 10 10 10 10

190 165 165 120 94

Amine Number

Gardner Color

Neutralization Equivalent

200 130 107

Flake** Flake** Solid Liquid to Paste Viscous Liquid

7.5 6.8 6.8 6.4 6.4

** *** (a)

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA. Only flaked forms available. 80% in mineral spirits

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

16

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

Q U AT E R N A R Y A M M O N I U M S A LT S

Alkyltrimethyl
SPECIFICATIONS Quaternary Salt, %*** Free Amine plus Amine Salt, %

RN+(CH3)3 CI Alkyltrimethyl Quaternary Ammonium Salts

TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

A L K Y LT R I M E T H Y L A M M O N I U M C H L O R I D E S Min. Max. Max. Max.

ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD ARQUAD

12-37W 12-50 16-29 16-50 18-50 C-33W C-50 S-50 T-27W T-50

Dodecyl Dodecyl Hexadecyl Hexadecyl Octadecyl Cocoalkyl Cocoalkyl Soyaalkyl Tallowalkyl Tallowalkyl

112-00-5 112-00-5 112-02-7 112-02-7 112-03-8 61789-18-2 61789-18-2 61790-41-8 8030-78-2 8030-78-2

35 49 27 49 49 32 49 49 26 49

39 52 30 52 52 35 52 52 29 52

1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

6.5-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9

2 1 3 3 3 4 4 5 3 4

Non-Flammable 19 Non-Flammable 17 18**** Non-Flammable 20 16 Non-Flammable 16

Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid

Appearance @ 25C

Gardner Color

PMCC Flash Point, C

pH

23.3 23.3 21.2 21.2 20.5 22.9 22.9 20.8 20.8 20.8

* **

Prepared in aqueous isopropanol or water (W). Can be prepared in other solvents. Common name may be different fromthe name listed by TSCA.

*** In many cases, activity (concentration) can be changed to suit your needs. **** Setaflash

Dialkyldimethyl
SPECIFICATIONS Free Amine plus Amine Salt, % Gardner Color

R2 N+ (CH3)2 (X) (X) = CI, NO2, OSO2OCH3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale Appearance @ 25C

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

DIALKYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDES ** Min. Max. Max. Max.

ARQUAD 2C-70 Nitrite ARQUAD 2C-70 PG ARQUAD 2C-75 ARQUAD 2HT-75

Dicocoalkyl(b) Dicocoalkyl Dicocoalkyl Di(hydrogenated tallowalkyl) ARQUAD 2HT-75 PG Di(hydrogenated tallowalkyl)(a) ARQUAD HTL8 MS 2-Ethylhexyl hydrogenated tallowalkyl(c)
* ** ***

71487-01-9 61789-77-3 61789-77-3 61789-80-8 61789-80-8

68 68 74 74 74

72 72 77 77 77

2 1.5 1.5 1.5

6-8.5 6-9 6-9 6-9 6-9

14 4 3 2 3

23 107 23 25 107 NonFlammable

PMCC Flash Point, C

Quaternary Salt,%***

pH

Liquid Liquid Liquid Paste Paste

17.3 17.3 17.3 13.2 13.2

EPA Listed

81.5

84.5

6-8

Liquid

17.5

Can be prepared in other solvents. Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA. In many cases, activity (concentration) can be changed to suit your needs.

(a) Propylene glycol (b) Nitrite (c) Methyl Sulfate Anion

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

17

Q U AT E R N A R Y A M M O N I U M S A LT S

Tr i a l k y l m e t h y l
SPECIFICATIONS Free Amine plus Amine Salt, % Gardner Color

R3 N+ CH3 CI
TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale Appearance @ 25C

PRODUCT TRIALKYLMETHYL

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

Min.

Max.

Max.

Max.

ARQUAD 316(W)

Trihexadecylmethyl ammonium chloride [in water (W)]

52467-63-7

86

90

6-8

Non-Flammable

PMCC Flash Point, C

Quaternary Salt,%***

pH

Solid

7.6

**

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

CH3 R2 N+ CH2 C6 H5 CI RN+ CH2 C6 H5 CI CH3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davies Scale Appearance @ 25C Gardner Color

Benzylalkyl
SPECIFICATIONS Free Amine plus Amine Salt, %

CH3

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

AMMONIUM CHLORIDES Min. Max. Max. Max.

ARQUAD DMCB-80

Benzyldimethyl cocoalkyl ARQUAD DMHTB-75 Benzyldimethyl (hydrogenated tallowalkyl) ARQUAD M2HTB Benzylmethyl di(hydrogenated tallowalkyl) ETHOQUAD C/12B Benzylcocoalkyl [ethoxylated (2)]

61789-71-7

79

82

1.5

6-8

PMCC Flash Point, C

Quaternary Salt,%***

pH

27

Liquid

20.1

61789-72-8

75

80

7-9

23

Solid

18.0

61789-73-9 61789-68-2

82 73

84 77

2 2

7-9 6-9

3 12

23 26

Solid Liquid

10.4 23.7

Prepared in aqueous isopropanol. Can be prepared in other solvents.

**

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

18

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

Q U AT E R N A R Y A M M O N I U M S A LT S
[CH2CH2O]zH RN + CH3 [X] [CH2CH2O]yH Z + Y = 2 or 15 [X] = CI or NO3 RN+ (CH2 CH2 OH)2 CH3 CO2 Ethoxylated Monoalkyl Quaternary Acetates

Ethoxylated Monoalkyl Quaternary Salts

Ethoxylated Quaternary SaltsMonoalkyl Ethoxylates

SPECIFICATIONS Quaternary Salt, % Free Amine plus Amine Salt, % TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C HLB Davies Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

MONOALKYLMETHYL [ETHOXYLATED (N)]-AMMONIUM CHLORIDES [NITRATES] [ACETATES] Min. Max. Max.

ETHOQUAD 18/12 ETHOQUAD 18/25 ETHOQUAD C/12-75 ETHOQUAD C/12 NITRATE ETHOQUAD C/25 ETHOQUAD O/12 PG ETHOQUAD T/13-27W

Octadecylmethyl [ethoxylated (2)] Octadecylmethyl [ethoxylated (15)] Cocoalkylmethyl [ethoxylated (2)] Cocoalkylmethyl [ethoxylated (2)] ammonium nitrate Cocoalkylmethyl [ethoxylated (15)] Oleylmethyl [ethoxylated (2)] Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) tallowalkyl ammonium acetates Tallowalkylmethyl [ethoxylated (15)]

3010-24-0 28724-32-5 70750-47-9

70 95 74

2 2 2

7-9 7-9 7-9

7 11 9

22** 149 21

Flash Point, C

Gardner Color

pH

Paste Liquid Liquid

23.4 28.0 25.8

71487-00-8 61791-10-4 18448-65-2

59 95 65

2 2

6.5-7.5 7-9 6-8

8 11 5

20 127 104

Liquid Liquid Liquid

25.8 30.4 23.4

91080-64-7 64755-05-1

27 95
(PG)

1.5
Propylene glycol

6-8 7-9

5 12

63 93

Liquid Liquid

26.0 28.3

ETHOQUAD T/25

* **

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA. Setaflash

CH3 R N+ CH2 CH2 CH2 N+ (CH3)3 2CI CH3 Alkyl Diammonium Pentamethyl Chlorides

A l k y l D i a m m o n i u m Pe n t a m e t h y l C h l o r i d e s
SPECIFICATIONS Quaternary Salt, % *** Free Amine plus Amine Salt, %

TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance @ 25C PMCC Flash Point,C

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

ALKYL DIAMMONIUM PENTAMETHYL CHLORIDES Min. Max. Max. Max.

DUOQUAD T-50

N,N,N,N,N-pentamethylN-tallow-1,3-propane diammonium dichloride

68607-29-4

48
**

52

6-9

Gardner Color

pH

15

Liquid

Prepared in aqueous isopropanol. Can also be prepared in other solvents.

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

19

AMINE OXIDES / AMIDES

CH2CH2OH R N O R

CH3 N CH3
TYPICAL PROPERTIES

Amine Oxides
SPECIFICATIONS Amine Oxide, %

CH2CH2OH

Flash Point,C

Gardner Color

Peroxide, %

PRODUCT AMINE OXIDES

COMMON NAME**

TSCA NUMBER

Min.

Max.

Max.

Max.

AROMOX C /12 AROMOX C /12W AROMOX DMC AROMOX DM16 AROMOX DMHT AROMOX T/12 DEG*

Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocoalkylamine oxides Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocoalkylamine oxides Dimethylcocoalkylamine oxides Dimethylhexadecylamine oxide Dimethylhydrogenated tallowalkylamine oxides Dimethyl tallowalkylamine oxides

61791-47-7 61791-47-7 61788-90-7 7128-91-8 68390-99-8 68390-99-8

49 30 39 39 24 24
**

2.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

6 6 1 2 2

0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34

22 >100 21 26 20 20

24.7 24.7 22 20.3 19.8 19.8

Prepared in diethylene glycol.

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Amides
SPECIFICATIONS Free Fatty Acid, %

RCONH2
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Melting Point,C HLB Davis Scale

Gardner Color

PRODUCT AMIDES

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

Min.

Min.

Max.

ARMID HT ARMID O
*

Hydrogenated tallowalkylamides Oleamide

61790-31-6 301-02-0

90 90

5 3.5

7 7

3 85

98 71

Flakes Flakes

Physical Form

Iodine Value

Amide, %

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

20

NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

HLB at pH3 Davis Scale

Amine, %

<1 <1

E T H O X Y L AT E D A M I D E S / N I T R I L E S / C O R R O S I O N I N H I B I T O R S

Ethoxylated Amides
SPECIFICATIONS Appearance at 25C

RCONH(CH2CH2O)XH X = 7 or 13
TYPICAL PROPERTIES HLB Davis Scale

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

E T H O X Y L AT E D A M I D E S Max. Max.

ETHOMID O/17 ETHOMID HT/23

Ethoxylated (7) oleamide Ethoxylated (13) hydrogenated tallowalkylamides

26027-37-2

15

110

Hydroxyl Value

Free Amide, %

Gardner Color

Moles EO

Liquid

10.5

68155-24-8

15

13

105

Solid

13.5

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Nitriles
SPECIFICATIONS Saponification Value

RCN
TYPICAL PROPERTIES Melting Point, C

PRODUCT NITRILES

COMMON NAME*

TSCA NUMBER

Min.

Max.

Max.

Max.

Min.

ARNEEL OD
*

Oleonitrile

112-91-4

195

203

1.2

85

>149

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA.

Corrosion Inhibitors
SPECIFICATIONS Appearance @25C TYPICAL PROPERTIES

Neutralization Equivalent

PRODUCT

COMMON NAME*

USE

TSCA NUMBER

C O R R O S I O N I N H I B I TO R S Min. Max. Max. %

ARMOHIB 28 ARMOHIB 31 ARMOHIB 209 ARMOHIB 210

Proprietary Blend Proprietary Blend Tall Oil Imidazoline Tall Oil Amido Amine

Inhibit hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids Inhibit sulfuric, sulfamic phosphoric, citric acids Intermediate Intermediate 68442-97-7 61790-69-0

750

800

4.5 2.0

Liquid Liquid Liquid Solid 200

11 0 <0 32

208 187

222 200

0.2 1.0

Common name may be different from the name listed by TSCA. NITROGEN DERIVATIVES

Pour Point, C

Viscosity cps

Moisture

Flash Point, C

Gardner Color

Iodine Value

Acid Value

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

21

A N I O N I C S U R F A C TA N T S

22

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

Anionic Surfactants
Anionic surfactants can be structurally described as an organic hydrophobe (water-insoluble) that contains one or more negatively charged substituents (anions). Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry offers anionic surfactants having sulfonate, sulfonic acid, sulfate, phosphate or carboxylic acid groups, which bear the negative (anionic) charge. Figure 1 shows the variety of hydrophobes we use to make our anionic surfactant products. The hydrophobes are reacted with an appropriate reactant to form the anionic surfactant species listed in the right-hand column. Below are listed the trademarks we use to identify the anionic surfactants we market. Trademark EMCOL Surfactant Type Ethoxylated Carboxylic Acid (terminated) Sulfosuccinates Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonates Detergent Surfactant Blend Phosphate Esters Alkyl Sulfates; Alkyl Ether/ Alkylaryl Ether Sulfates Alkylaryl and Olefin Sulfonates (Air/SO3) Sulfonic Acids

Anionic Process Chemicals

Alkylbenzenes Alkylnaphthalenes Olefins Alcohols Alcohol Ethers Alkylphenols Alkylphenol Ethers Fatty Acids
FIGURE 1

Sulfonic Acids SO3 H2 SO4 NaHSO3 Na2SO3 NaOAcCI P2O5 (H3PO4)x Sulfates Ether Sulfates Sulfonates Ethoxylated Carboxylates Sulfosuccinates Phosphate Esters Naphthalene Sulfonates

LANKROPOL PETRO UDET PHOSPHOLAN WITCOLATE

Anionic surfactants are important for their dispersing and detergency properties in aqueous media. By choosing the appropriate hydrophobe and anion combination, the formulator can achieve the desired surfactant effect for their formulations. Listed below are the examples of the types of properties that can be optimized with anionic surfactants from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry: Water solubility pH stability Thermal stability Cloud point Detergency Dispersancy Hard water tolerance Recommendations of the surfactant type for various applications are found on page 2. Advice for specific products for individual requirements can be obtained by contacting our Technical Service at 1-877-565-8432.

WITCONATE

WITCONIC

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

23

A L K Y L N A P H T H A L E N E S U L F O N AT E S

Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonates

Petro alkyl naphthalene sulfonates are regarded as surface-active hydrotropes. They exhibit characteristics such as wetting, foaming, detergency and surface tension reduction. They have excellent rinseability, acid and base stability, hard-water tolerance and high-temperature stability. These versatile surfactants are used in a variety of applications including carpet cleaners, transportation cleaners, rinse aids, metal cleaners, rust removers and hard surface cleaners.

PRODUCT

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

A L K Y L N A P H T H A L E N E S U L F O N AT E S

PETRO 11 LIQUID PETRO 11 POWDER PETRO 22 LIQUID PETRO 22 POWDER PETRO 375 LIQUID PETRO AA LIQUID PETRO AA POWDER PETRO AG SPECIAL PETRO AG SPECIAL PETRO AGS-SUPERFINE PETRO BA LIQUID PETRO BA POWDER PETRO BAF LIQUID PETRO BAF POWDER PETRO BP POWDER PETRO D-425 LIQUID PETRO D-425 POWDER PETRO DISPERSANT 98 PETRO LBA LIQUID PETRO LBA POWDER PETRO LBAF LIQUID PETRO LULF LIQUID PETRO P LIQUID PETRO P POWDER UDET 950 POWDER PETRO ULF LIQUID PETRO X-3158 LIQUID

Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Condensate Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Condensate Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate

Liquid Powder Liquid Powder Liquid Liquid Powder Liquid Powder Powder Liquid Powder Liquid Powder Powder Liquid Powder Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Powder Powder Powder Liquid Liquid

50 95 50 95 68 50 95 50 95 95 50 95 50 95 95 43 88 95 50 95 50 50 95 95 95 50 70

24

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

A L K Y L N A P H T H A L E N E S U L F O N AT E S

A L K Y L N A P H T H A L E N E S U L F O N AT E S

FUNCTIONALITY

MARKETS Food Processing Cleaners

Transportaion Cleaners

Laundry Detergents

Hydrotroping

Detergency

Dispersion

Anticaking

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

HI & I

M M L L

KEY
(H) High (M) Moderate (L) Low

M M H H M M
Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

M M H M/H M/H H

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

25

S U L F O N AT E S

Sulfonates
Witconic sulfonic acids are the base acids used to make detergent sulfonates. They can be neutralized in situ to produce the anionic surfactant desired. Witconate anionic surfactants include alkylaryl sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkane sulfonates and specialty sulfonates. These products are workhorse surfactants in numerous Household and Industrial & Institutional cleaning applications.

PRODUCT S U L F O N AT E S

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

pH

COLOR, MAX

WITCONATE 1223H WITCONATE 1223L WITCONATE 1223SK WITCONATE 1238 Slurry WITCONATE 1840X WITCONATE 3203 WITCONATE 4133 WITCONATE 605 A WITCONATE 60T WITCONATE 79S WITCONATE 90 Flake WITCONATE 93S WITCONATE 96A WITCONATE AOK WITCONATE AOS WITCONATE AOS-12 WITCONATE AOS-EP WITCONATE AOS-PC WITCONATE DS Dense WITCONATE DS Flake WITCONATE K Dense WITCONATE LX Flake WITCONATE LX Powder WITCONATE NAS-8 WITCONATE NAS-8W WITCONATE P-1059 WITCONATE P-1220 WITCONATE P-1220 Bust WITCONATE P-1220EH WITCONATE P-1220S WITCONATE P-1860 WITCONATE SK Flake WITCONATE SXS
SULFONIC ACIDS

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear Potassium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear Fatty Acid Sulfonate Specialty Sulfonate Isopropylamine salt of 1298S in IPA Calcium Salt of DDBSA (Branched) in Aromatic 150 TEA-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate TEA-Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Isopropylamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Linear Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Linear Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate / Sodium Xylene sulfonate Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate / Sodium Xylene sulfonate Sodium Octane Sulfonate Sodium Octane Sulfonate-Winterized Isopropylamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Calcium Salt of DDBSA, Branched Calcium Salt of DDBSA, Branched Calcium Salt of DDBSA (Branched) in 2-Ethylhexanol Calcium Salt of DDBSA (Branched) in 2-EH/PG Calcium Salt of DDBSA (Branched) in Octanol Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate / Sodium Xylene sulfonate Sodium Xylene Sulfonate

Liquid Liquid Liquid Light slurry Clear-slightly hazy liquid Dark amber liquid Clear amber liquid Dark viscous Liquid Liquid Clear yellow liquid Cream colored flake Clear amber liquid Light liquid Cream colored flake Clear yellow liquid Clear amber liquid Clear yellow liquid Liquid Cream colored flake Off-white flakes Cream colored flake Flake Powder Clear-slightly hazy liquid Clear-slightly hazy liquid Clear amber liquid Clear amber liquid Dark amber liquid Clear amber liquid Clear amber liquid Dark brown liquid Cream colored powder Liquid

21-23 22-23 20.5-21.5 38-40 48-52 (s) 48-52 (s) 74-76 59.5-60.5 57-58 51.3-53.1 90-91 90-93 38-40 90 38 - 40 40 (s) 38-40 38-40 90 90 90 91 91 37 38 90 60 70 60 54 60 40 40-42

7.5-8.5 (g) 7.5-8.5 (g) 7.5-8.5 (g) 7.5-9 (e) 6.5-7.5 (b) 7-8 (e) 3-4 * 5-7 (d) 5.5-7 (e) 6.5-8 ( c) 6.5-8.7 (e) 4-5 (g) 6.5-8.5 (e) 7-10 (e) 8-10 (f) 8-10 (b) 7.5-8.5 (f) 6.5-8.5 (f) 6.5-8.7 (e) 1.5-7 (e) 6.5-8.7 (e)

120 (K) 75 (K) 100 (K) 90 (K)

6 (G) 350 (K) 6 (G) 200 (K) in 10% aq 7 (G) 120 (K) 275 (K) in 10% aq 120 (K) in 12.8% aq 400 (K) 100 (K) 70 (K) 200 (K) 120 (K) in 10% aq 200 (K) in 10% aq

6-7 (a) 6-7 (a) 4.5-5.5 (f) 5-7 ( c ) 5-7 ( c ) 5-7 ( c ) 5-7 ( c ) 5-7 ( c ) 8.5-8.5 (e) 7-9 (a)

2 (G) 2 (G) 7 (G) 12 (G) 12 (G) 12 (G) 12 (G) 180 (K) 50 (K)

PETRO IPSA Liquid WITCONIC1298 Hard acid WITCONIC 1298 Soft acid WITCONIC 1398 Soft acid WITCONIC AN Acid WITCONIC TX Acid

Diisopropyl Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Branched Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Linear Alkylaryl Sulfonic Acid, Linear Methyl Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Toluene Sulfonic Acid, Modified

Black liquid Dark brown liquid Dark amber liquid Dark amber liquid Dark brown liquid Dark visc. Liquid

50 94-97 97 96-97 92 94-96

400 (K) 150 (K) 150 (K) 150 (K)

26

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

S U L F O N AT E S

S U L F O N AT E S

SULFONIC ACIDS

FUNCTIONALITY Emulsion Polymerization

MARKETS Wallboard/Cement Foamer

Electrolyte Tolerant

Foam Stabilizer

Emulsifier O/W

Fire Fighting

Demulsifier

Detergency

Defoaming

Dispersion

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

Textile KEY
1. * (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (G) (h) (K) (L) (m) (s) In acidic solution 1% aq as is 5% aq solution 5% in 25% IPA solution 5% in 75 % IPA solution 10 % aq solution 12.8% aq solution 20% aq solution Gardner 20% in 25% IPA solution Klett Low Foam % moisture % solid

L L

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders. ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

27

S U L F AT E S

Sulfates
Witcolate sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates and alkylaryl ether sulfates are available with a variety of hydrophobe structures, ethylene oxide content and cations. Ether sulfates exhibit flash foam and have lower irritation properties than the corresponding alkyl sulfates. These anionic surfactants provide detergency, foaming, and wetting to many products such as liquid hand dishwash, transportation cleaners, hard-surface cleaners and a variety of industrial and institutional products.

PRODUCT A L K Y L S U L F AT E S

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

pH

COLOR, MAX

WITCOLATE 1300 WITCOLATE 3220 WITCOLATE 7259 WITCOLATE A POWDER WITCOLATE C* WITCOLATE D-510 WITCOLATE EP WITCOLATE LCP WITCOLATE ME DRY WITCOLATE NH WITCOLATE NHK WITCOLATE NHP WITCOLATE SL-EP WITCOLATE TLS-500 WITCOLATE WA PASTE WITCOLATE WAC LA WITCOLATE WAQ WITCOLATE WAQE

Surfactant Blend Surfactant Blend Sodium C8-10 Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate DEA Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium C10-16 Sulfate TEA-Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Clear amber liquid Liquid Liquid Off-white powder Off-white powder Liquid Liquid Liquid Off-white powder Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid White paste Liquid Liquid Clear yellow liquid

53-57 (s) 31.5-33 37-39 92.5 90.6 38.5-40.5 31.8-34.7 28-30 60 28-30 28-30 28-30 29-30 40-42 19-20 28-30 19-20 19.2-20.2

8-9 (b) 8-9.6 (b) 10-11 ( c ) 7-10 ( c ) 9-10.5 ( c ) 7.5-8.5 ( c ) 7-8.5 ( a ) 6.3-6.8 ( c ) 6.3-6.8 ( c ) 6.3-6.8 ( c ) 7.5-8.5 ( c ) 6.5-7.5 ( c ) 7.5-8.5 ( c ) 8-8.5 ( c ) 7.5-8.5 ( c ) 7.5-8.5 ( c )

3 (G) 60 min (T%) 4 (G) 55 min (T%) 100 (A) 60 min (T%) 200 (A) 200 (A) 200 (A) 50 (K) 150 (PCC) 85 min (T%) 100 (A) 65-100 (T%) 60 min (T%)

A L K Y L E T H E R S U L F AT E S

WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE WITCOLATE

1050 1247HF 1247H 1259 1259FS 1276 7093 LES-60A LES-60C

Sodium C12-15 Pareth Sulfate (1 EO) Ammonium C6-10 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO) Ammonium C6-10 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO) C6-10 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO), IPA Salt C6-10 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO), IPA Salt Ammonium C10-12 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO) Sodium C6-10 Alcohol Ether Sulfate (3 EO) Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (3 EO) Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (3 EO)

Clear yellow liquid Clear yellow liquid Clear yellow liquid Liquid Clear amber liquid Clear yellow liquid Liquid Light liquid Light liquid

38-40 64-66 64-66 80 88.5 52.5-53.5 38-39 58-62 60

8.5-11 ( c ) 7-8.5 (b) 7-8.5 (b) 7-8 (b) 7-8.5 (b) 7-8 (b) 7-8.5 (a) 7-7.5 ( c ) 7.5-9 ( c )

220 (K) 50 (K) 50 (K) 100 (K) 100 (K) 30 (K) 300 (K) 50 (K) in 5% aq 1 (G)

A L K Y L A R Y L E T H E R S U L F AT E S

WITCOLATE D-51-51 WITCOLATE D-51-53

Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate (4 EO) Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate (10 EO)

Liquid Liquid

28-30 28-30

7.5-8.5 (b) 7.5-8.5 (b)

4 (G)

28

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

S U L F AT E S

A L K Y L S U L F AT E S

A L K Y L E T H E R S U L F AT E S

A L K Y L A R Y L E T H E R S U L F AT E S

FUNCTIONALITY Emulsion Polymerization

MARKETS Wallboard/Cement Foamer

Electrolyte Tolerant

Emulsifier O/W

Fire Fighting

Detergency

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

ACID # to pH 5.5

Textile

3 3.5 3.5 1.3 3.5 1-1.8 1.8 1-1.8 0.7 1.8-2.3 1.3 1.8-2.3 1.3

KEY

S M

(M) Moderate (S) Superior (L) Low (a) As is (b) 5% aq solution (c) 10 % aq solution (A) APHA (G) Gardner (K) Klett (PCC) Platinum Cobolt Color (T%) % transmittance

1.7 2

M S S S S M S M M

M M

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

29

P H O S P H AT E E S T E R S

Phosphate Esters
Phospholan organic phosphate esters are derived from ethoxylated alcohols, alkyl phenols or phenols and are composed of mixtures of mono- and diesters. Most of these surfactants are supplied as free acids that can be converted to salts by the addition of bases. Excellent compatibility, detergency, coupling, emulsification and low to moderate foaming can be attained by the proper selection from the Phospholan phosphate esters listed below.

PRODUCT A L C O H O L P H O S P H AT E

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

COLOR, MAX

ACID # to pH 5.5

PHOSPHOLAN NBAP PHOSPHOLAN PS-400

N-Butyl Mono/DiPhosphate C6-10 Alkyl Phosphate Ester

Liquid Liquid

96-99 96-99

1 0.5

4 (G) 1 (G)

300-320 213-224

A L C O H O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN PHOSPHOLAN

5AP PS-131 PS-220 PS-222 PS-236 PS-331 PS-413 PS-810 PS-900

C8-10 Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester C10-14 Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester C12-15 Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester C10-14 Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester C12-14 Sec. Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Butyl Cellosolve Phosphate Ester Oleyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Tridecyl Alcohol Phosphate Ester

Liquid Liquid Liquid Clear-slightly hazy liquid Liquid Amber liquid Liquid Clear-slightly hazy liquid Liquid

96-99 96-99 96-99 96-99 96-99 90 77-82 96-99 96-99

1 1 1 1 2 1 0.5 1 1.5 - 2.0

2 (G) 2 (G) 8 (G) 1 (G) 2 (G) 1 (G) 12 (G) 1 (G) 3 (G)

75-85 104-109 101-109 90-93 140-143 342-348 84-90 151-163

A L K Y L P H E N O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

PHOSPHOLAN 9NP PHOSPHOLAN CS-121 PHOSPHOLAN CS-131 PHOSPHOLAN CS-1361 PHOSPHOLAN CS-141 PHOSPHOLAN CS-147 PHOSPHOLAN CS-151 PHOSPHOLAN CS-341

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester, Sodium Salt Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Dinonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester

Yellow viscous liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid

96-99 96-99 96-99 90 96-99 96-99 96-99 96-99

1 1 0.4 9.5/10.5 1 1.5 0.5 1

2 (G) 3 (G) 1 (G) 100 (A) 100 (A) 4 (G) 200 (A) 6 (G)

92-98 93-101 25-35 (AV) 63-67 86-90 50-56 61-63

P H E N O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

PHOSPHOLAN TS-210 PHOSPHOLAN TS-211 PHOSPHOLAN TS-230

Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester

Liquid Liquid Liquid

96-99 83-87 96-99

1 1 1-2

4 (G) 7 (G) 8 (G)

154-160 230-260 84-90

A L K Y L A M I N E P H O S P H AT E

PHOSPHOLAN TEAP

Triethylammonium Phosphate

Liquid

43

50 (A)

1.85-2.03 (TA)

30

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

P H O S P H AT E E S T E R S

A L C O H O L P H O S P H AT E

A L K Y L P H E N O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

A L K Y L A M I N E P H O S P H AT E

A L C O H O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

P H E N O L E T H O X Y L AT E P H O S P H AT E

KEY Emulsion Polymerization

(A) (G) APHA Gardner for color or Good for other (H) High (M) Moderate (L) Low (AV) acid value

FUNCTIONALITY

MARKETS

Corrosion Inhibitor

Viscosity Modifier

Plastic/Antistat

FREE PHOSPHORIC ACID, MAX

4 3

2 2 1.5 12 17.5 - 22.5 2 3

L M/L M/L L M/L M L L

M M M G M M L M

2.5 3 1 1 1.5 1.5

M M/L M M M/L M/H L

M M M G M M M

3 17 3

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

Metal Cleaning

Personal Care

Hydrotroping

Detergency

Lubrication

Defoaming

Dispersion

Lubricants

Emulsifier

Coupling

Foaming

Antistat

Wetting

Textile

Paper

31

S U L F O S U C C I N AT E S

Sulfosuccinates
Lankropol sulfosuccinates are well-known as mild anionics and are used where mildness and foaming are key considerations in formulating liquid hand soaps and light duty liquids.

PRODUCT A L C O H O L P H O S P H AT E

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

COLOR, MAX

pH

LANKROPOL LANKROPOL LANKROPOL LANKROPOL

4161L 4500 4560 K-8300

Disodium Oleamido MIPA-Sulfosuccinate Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate Blend Disodium Oleamido MIPA-Sulfosuccinate

Clear amber liquid Clear-slightly hazy liquid Liquid Clear amber liquid

33-36 70 70 38

61-64 21.5 1 62.5

6 (G) 35 (A) 200 (A) 9 (G)

6.5-7.5* 6* 4-5.5** 6.5-7.5***

Carboxylated Ethoxylates
Emcol carboxylated ethoxylates are mild surfactants suitable for personal care cleansing applications with good emulsification and hydrotroping properties.

PRODUCT A L C O H O L P H O S P H AT E

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

COLOR, MAX

pH

EMCOL CNP-110

Carboxylated Nonylphenol + 9 EO

Liquid

80

9-11

3 (G)

1.5-3.5***

32

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

C A R B O X Y L AT E D E T H O X Y L AT E S

S U L F O S U C C I N AT E S

FUNCTIONALITY Conditioning & Emolliency Detergency & Cleaning

MARKETS Emulsion Polymerization

Electrolyte Tolerant

Emulsifier O/W

Dispersion

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

Textile

KEY

* 1% aq solution ** 3% aq solution *** 5% aq solution **** 10% aq solution

C A R B O X Y L AT E D E T H O X Y L AT E S

FUNCTIONALITY Conditioning & Emolliency Detergency & Cleaning

MARKETS Emulsion Polymerization

Electrolyte Tolerant

Corrosion Inhibitor

Viscosity Modifier

Emulsifier O/W

Fire Fighting

Defoaming

Dispersion

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

KEY

* 1% aq solution ** 3% aq solution *** 5% aq solution **** 10% aq solution

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

33

N O N I O N I C S U R F A C TA N T S

34

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

Nonionic Surfactants
Nonionic surfactants by definition contain no functionality that has a formal charge. Surface activity derives from a balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic structures contained in the surfactant molecule. Altering the balance toward more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic influences the surfactants functional properties to achieve a desired effect. Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistrys nonionic surfactant offerings use hydrophobic structures represented by fatty alcohols/acids/esters, alkyl-substituted phenols and blocks of polypropylene oxide. Hydrophilic character is imparted using ethylene oxide and its polymers, alkanolamines and sugar polyols. Figure 1 illustrates the process chemistries we employ. Below are listed the trademarks we use to identify the nonionic surfactants we market. Trademark AMADOL ARMOTAN EMULPON ETHOFAT ETHYLAN Surfactant Type Alkanolamides Sorbitan Ester Ethoxylates Castor Oil Ethoxylates Fatty Acid Ethoxylates Linear and Branched Alcohol Alkoxylates Alkyl Phenol Alkoxylates; Block Copolymers; PEG Esters

Nonionic Process Chemicals

Alcohols Alkylphenols Polyols Glycol Ethers Fatty Acids Sorbitol Amines Castor Oil Methyl Esters Glycerides
FIGURE 1

Alkoxylates

EO PO Acids CH2O

Ethoxylated Alcohol Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylates EO-PO Co-polymer Ethoxylated Castor Oil

PEG-Esters Alkanolamides Amine Ethoxylates Sorbitan Esters

surfactant influence performance at the surface or interface. Detergency, emulsification and hard surface cleaning are applications where the use of nonionic surfactants is indicated. Further, their inverse relationship of solubility and temperature in water is particularly useful in cleaning formulations. Listed below are the examples of the types of functions that can be optimized with nonionic surfactants from Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry: Detergency Wetting Emulsification Foam stabilization Defoaming Viscosifying Solubilization The table on page 2 shows our recommendations of the surfactant type for various applications. Advice for specific products for individual requirements can be obtained by contacting our Technical Service at 1-877-565-8432.

WITCONOL

Nonionic surfactants have attributes that make their use advantageous over other surfactant types. With their lack of charge, nonionic surfactants are compatible with both cationic and anionic surfactants. In mixed surfactant systems the properties of each

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

35

NONIONICS

Nonionics
Ethylan linear and branched alcohol ethoxylates, Witconol alkyl phenol ethoxylates, polyols and PEG esters offer the formulator nonionic surfactants for a wide variety of industrial cleaners and household detergents, including applications requiring low foaming. PEG esters are low-irritation viscosity modifiers when added to many anionic surfactants. Emulpon castor oil ethoxylates are co-emulsifiers used to balance the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB).

PRODUCT

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

pH

COLOR, MAX

A L K O X Y L AT E D A L K Y L P H E N O L S

WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL

9N NIO NIW NP-100 NP-120 NP-15 NP-200 NP-300 NP-330 NP-40 NP-400 NP-507 NP-60 NP-90 NS-108LQ S-100

Nonyl Phenol (9 EO) Ethoxylate Dodecyl Phenol (6 EO) Ethoxylate Dodecyl Phenol (11 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (10 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (12 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (1.5 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (20 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (30 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate/Propoxylate Nonyl Phenol (4 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (40 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (50 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (6 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol (9 EO) Ethoxylate Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate/Propoxylate Octyl Phenol (10 EO) Ethoxylate

Liquid Clear yellow liquid Clear yellow liquid Liquid Light liquid Liquid White solid White solid Light liquid Liquid White solid Viscous liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid

100 100 92 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 70 99 99 99 100

0.2 0.3 8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 30 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5

5-7*** 7-8.5 (d) 7-8.5 (h) 5-8 (a) 5-8 (a) 6-7.5 (f) 6-7.5*** 6-7.5 (b) 6-8 (b) 5-8 (a) 6-7.5 (b) 6-8*** 5-8 (a) 5-8**** 6-7 (e) 5-7*

100 (A) 4 (G) 6 (G) 100 (A) 100 (A) 1 (G) 100 (A) 3 (G) 2 (G) 1 (G) 1 (G) 200 (A) 1 (G) 100 (A)

A L K O X Y L AT E D A L C O H O L S

ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN ETHYLAN

1204 1206 4061 25-3 DA-4 DA-9 LA-230 NS-500LQ OLA-200 PT-750 SN-120 SN-70 SN-90 TD-100 TD-1407 TD-60

C12-14 Alcohol (4 EO) Ethoxylate C10-12 Alcohol Ethoxylate/Propoxylate Butanol EO/PO Copolymer in PG C12-15 Alcohol (3 EO) Ethoxylate Isodecyl Alcohol (4 EO) Ethoxylate Isodecyl Alcohol (9 EO) Ethoxylate C12-15 Alcohol (23 EO) Ethoxylate Butanol Ethoxylate/Propoxylate Oleyl Alcohol (20 EO) Ethoxylate Glycerin (13 PO) Propoxylate C10-12 Alcohol (10 EO) Ethoxylate C10-12 Alcohol (5 EO) Ethoxylate C10-12 Alcohol (7 EO) Ethoxylate Tridecyl Alcohol (10 EO) Ethoxylate Tridecyl Alcohol (14 EO) Ethoxylate Tridecyl Alcohol (6 EO) Ethoxylate

Liquid Liquid Light liquid Liquid Clear-hazy liquid Clear-hazy liquid Solid Hazy liquid Light amber solid Clear liquid Light liquid Clear-Hazy pale yellow liquid Light liquid Clear liquid Clear liquid Pale yellow liquid

99 99 70 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 100

0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 24-25 0.5

6-7*** 6-8 (b) 6-8 5.5-7.5* 5-7 (b) 6-7*** 5-7* 6.5-7.5 (b) 6.5-7.5*** 5-7* 6-8* 6-7* 6-8* 6.5-7.5*** 6.5-8.5*** 6-8*

100 (A) 6 (G) 50 (A) 100 (A) 200 (A) 3 (G) 2 (G) 1 (G) 1 (G)

200 (A)

36

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

NONIONICS

A L K O X Y L AT E D A L K Y L P H E N O L S

A L K O X Y L AT E D A L C O H O L S

FUNCTIONALITY Emulsion Polymerization Detergency & Cleaning

MARKETS

Corrosion Inhibitor

Viscosity Modifier

Emulsifier O/W

CLOUD PT. F

HLB

Metal Cleaning

Personal Care

Lubricantion

Dispersion

Defoamer

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

Textile

120-130 52-61 C 168-180 160-164 165-170 142-152 175-180

12.6 9 12.6 13.1 14.1 4.6 16 17.2 8.9 17.8 18.2 10.9 13 13.4

KEY
* ** 1% aq 3%aq

W/O

124-133 170-185 62-68 C

*** 5% aq **** 10% aq (a) 1% in 62.5% IPA (b) 5% in 25% IPA (c) 1% in 25% IPA (d) 5% in 50% IPA (e) 1% in 50% IPA (f) 5% in 75% IPA (g) 1% in 75% IPA (h) 5% in 50% Ethanol (A) APNA (G) Gardner (L) Low Foam W/O Water-in-oil

62-66 C 88-92

9.5 8 10.5 17

W/O W/O

65-75

45-55 C 15.6 85-91.7 C 36.7-38.9 C 58.3-60 14.3 12 12.9 13.7 11.4

32-40 C

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

37

NONIONICS

continued

PRODUCT P O LY O L S

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

pH

COLOR, MAX

WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL WITCONOL

324 324D PEG-400 PD-2000

EO/PO Copolymer Witconol 324 in Butyl Cellosolve/Water Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polypropylene Glycol 2000

Paste Liquid Liquid clear amber liquid

100 51-53 100 100

0.2 13.5 0.5 0.5

6-8 (f) 5-7 (b) 6.5* 12 typical (g)

P O LY O L E S T E R S

ARMOTAN AL-69-66 EMULPON CO-100 EMULPON CO-200 EMULPON CO-360 EMULPON CO-550 ETHOFAT 242/25 WITCONOL 14 WITCONOL H-31A WITCONOL H-32 WITCONOL H-33

Sorbitol Tallate (30 EO) Ethoxylate Castor Oil (10 EO) Ethoxylate Castor Oil (20 EO) Ethoxylate Castor Oil (36 EO) Ethoxylate Castor Oil (50 EO) Ethoxylate Tall Oil Fatty Acid (15 EO) Ethoxylate Polyglycerol Oleate PEG 400 Monooleate PEG 600 Ditallate PEG 400 Ditallate

Liquid Liquid Liquid Paste Paste Liquid Liquid Clear amber liquid Clear amber liquid Amber liquid

100 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 100 100

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 3 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5

6-7 (b) 6-7 (b) 6.5-7.5 (b) 6-8 6 8-9.5** 3-4** 6-7** 5-8***

6 (G) 6 (G)

12 (G) 10 (G) 3 (G) 8 (G) 8 (G)

A L K O X Y L AT E D R E S I N S

WITCONOL NS-98 WITCONOL NS-145 WITCONOL NS-179

Resin Alkoxylate Resin Ethoxylate/Propoxylate Resin Propoxylate

Hazy viscous liquid Dark amber lizuid Amber liquid

94 99 99

0.2 0.3 0.3

38

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

continued

NONIONICS

P O LY O L S

FUNCTIONALITY Emulsion Polymerization Detergency & Cleaning

MARKETS

Corrosion Inhibitor

Viscosity Modifier

Emulsifier O/W

CLOUD PT. F

HLB

Metal Cleaning KEY

* 1% aq ** 3%aq *** 5% aq **** 10% aq (a) 1% in 62.5% IPA (b) 5% in 25% IPA (c) 1% in 25% IPA (d) 5% in 50% IPA (e) 1% in 50% IPA (f) 5% in 75% IPA (g) 1% in 75% IPA (h) 5% in 50% Ethanol (G) Gardner

Personal Care

Lubricantion

Dispersion

Defoamer

Coupling

Foaming

Wetting

158-164

8.0

6.3 10.2 13.5 14.4 12.2 6 12.5 10 8.4

166-176 138-142

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

Textile

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

39

ALKANOLAMIDES

Alkanolamides
Amadol alkanolamides are reaction products of various fatty acids and short chain amines in 1:1 or 2:1 ratios. These perform as foam boosters and viscosity control agents for detergents, cleaners and hand soaps.

PRODUCT ALKANOLAMIDES

DESCRIPTION

APPEARANCE

TYPICAL ACTIVITY,%

MOISTURE %, MAX

pH

COLOR, MAX

AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL AMADOL

1017 128 T 272 511 511H 512 5130 5133 5138 5195 61 CDA WE

Modified Cocamide DEA Cocamide DEA (1:1) Modified Cocamide DEA Fatty Alkanolamide Fatty Alkanolamide Blend Modified Cocamide DEA Cocamide DEA (2:1) Fatty Alkanolamide Lauramide DEA Oleamide MIPA Modified Cocamide DEA Fatty Alkanolamide

Clear amber liquid Clear amber liquid Liquid Clear-hazy amber liquid Clear amber liquid Dark liquid Clear amber liquid Clear amber liquid Clear tan liquid Clear yellow liquid Paste (yellow-light tan) Clear amber liquid Clear-hazy amber liquid

95 90 90 98 90 47 95 95 90 92 >90 >90 99

0.5 0.5 9.5-10.5 0.3 0.5 20-25 2 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3

8-10*** 9-10.5* 6.8-8.8* 9-11** 8-10** 8-9* 8* (typical) 9-12.5* 9.2-9.7*** 9-11* 8-9.5* 8-10* 9-10**

160 (K) 5 (G) 14 (G) 11 (G) 10 (G) 14 (G) 8 (G) 10 (G) 2 (G) 7 (G) 11 (G)

40

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

ALKANOLAMIDES

ALKANOLAMIDES

FUNCTIONALITY Emulsion Polymerization Conditioning & Emolliency Detergency & Cleaning

MARKETS Paper / Metal Working / Ink KEY

* ** *** **** (a) (b) (G) (A) (K) (PCC) (s) (W/O) 1% aq solution 3% aq solution 5% aq solution 10% aq solution 5% in 25% IPA 5% in 75% IPA Gardner APHA Klett Platinum Cobolt Color % solid Water-in-Oil

Electrolyte Tolerant

Corrosion Inhibitor

Viscosity Modifier

Emulsifier O/W

Foam Boosting

Fire Fighting

Defoaming

Dispersion

Coupling

Wetting

W/O W/O W/O

Textile

Some products may be subject to minimum quantity orders.

NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

41

APPENDICES

42

APPENDICES

Ta b l e 1 : S o l u b i l i t y D a t a f o r F a t t y A l k y l A m i n e s
All temperatures are in degrees Centigrade. Solubilities are in g amine per 100 g/solvent.
NO. OF CARBON ATOMS IN AMINES NO. OF CARBON ATOMS IN AMINES

TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

BENZENE

ACETONE

10 12 14 16 18

10.0 395 72 26.4 10.0 4.2 10.0 318 57 19.9 7.4 2.8 -20 10.5 5.5 2.3 0.5 <0.1 -40.0 17.7 9.2 4.5 2.4 1.2 -40.0 1.4 0.2

20.0 277 83 30.7 14.8 20.0 230 68 26.6 13.2 0.0 57 19.8 7.7 3.2 0.6 -20.0 43.0 20.0 11.2 6.6 3.3 -20.0 12.1 3.4 0.2

30.0 302 98 52 30.0 268 86 42.9 20.0 148 56 21.2 7.7 30.0 235 73 27.9

40.0 388 173 40.0 360 144 40.0 335 120 40.0 378 149 30.0 273 72 22.7 40.0 295 100 40.0 295 100

50.0 1000 50.0 940 50.0 835 50.0 845 34.5 705 135 46.8 50.0 845 50.0 845

10 12 14 16 18

-20.0 6.6 0.3

0.0 54 8.1 0.1

20.0 266 15.5 <0.1

30.0 228 4.7 <0.1

40.0 445 3.7

50.0 17.0

CYCLOHEXANE

2-BUTANONE

10 12 14 16 18

10 12 14 16 18

-20.0 13.3 4.4 1.4 0.2

0.0 69 23.0 9.7 3.5 1.0 -20.0 172 29.7 2.8 0,2

20.0 221 62 23.9 11.4 0.0 550 196 62 6.1 0.6

30.0 233 64 30.4 30.0 770 256 95 30.0 660 239 75 30.0 458 169 86

40.0 295 100 40.0 785 256 40.0 770 280 40.0 580 228

50.0 845 50.0 1440 50.0 1630 50.0 1330

TETRACHLOROMETHANE

METHANOL

10 12 14 16 18

10 12 14 16 18

-40.0 31.0 4.8 0.2

20.0 930 292 116 15.6 20.0 660 218 83 7.2 20.0 492 154 68 30.0

TRICHLOROMETHANE

ETHANOL

10 12 14 16 18

0.0 148 56 29.5 17.0 9.4

20.0 315 110 56 31.9

30.0 308 117 63

10 12 14 16 18

-40.0 -20.0 0.0 8.5 91 350 2.0 14.1 115 1.5 30.2 3.0 0.1 -40.0 11.1 4.7 0.6 -20.0 49.0 15.0 3.7 0.4 0.0 228 75 25.1 7.3 0.5

ETHYL ETHER

ISOPROPANOL

10 12 14 16 18

0.0 86 22.6 5.8 0.2

20.0 275 71 18.5 4.4 30.0 233 63 27.0 30.0 233 64 30.4

10 12 14 16 18

E T H Y L A C E TAT E

nBUTANOL

10 12 14 16 18

-20.0 14.8 4.7 1.7 0.3

0.0 69 18.6 7.8 3.2 0.9 0.0 69 23.0 9.7 3.5 1.0

20.0 211 57 19.7 9.5 20.0 221 62 23.9 11.4

10 12 14 16 18

-40.0 9.5 2.4 0.2

-20.0 30.8 8.5 2.4 <0.1

0.0 182 57 16.5 3.9 0.4

20.0 430 130 55 22.7

30.0 405 148 75

40.0 515 208 40.0 14.8 1.9

50.0 1240 50.0 10.5

B U T Y L A C E TAT E

ACETONITRILE

10 12 14 16 18

-20.0 13.3 4.4 1.4 0.2

10 12 14 16 18

-20.0 2.8

0.0 12.7 0.2

20.0 27.7 1.8 0.2

30.0 14.9 1.3 0.3

APPENDICES

43

Ta b l e 2 : S o l u b i l i t y C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f E t h o x y l a t e d P r o d u c t s
At room temperatures (g/100 g solution at 25C/77F).

PRODUCT
0

ACETONE
25 50 75 100 0

ISOPROPANOL
25 50 75 100 0

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
25 50 75 100

ETHOFAT 242/25 ETHOMEEN C/12 ETHOMEEN C/15 ETHOMEEN C/20 ETHOMEEN C/25 ETHOMEEN 18/12 ETHOMEEN 18/15 ETHOMEEN 18/60 ETHOMEEN T/12 ETHOMEEN T/15 ETHOMEEN T/25 ETHOMEEN S/12 ETHOMEEN S/15 ETHOMEEN S/20 ETHOMEEN S/25 ETHOMID HT/23 ETHOMID HT/60 ETHOMID O/17 ETHOQUAD C/12 ETHOQUAD C/25 ETHOQUAD 18/12 ETHOQUAD 18/25 ETHOQUAD 0/12
cloudy fluid cloudy sl. cloudy very cloudy cloudy cloudy very cloudy fluid paste paste cloudy

paste

cloudy

cloudy

paste

cloudy

cloudy

cloudy

cloudy

paste

paste

44

APPENDICES

KEY

Solution Dispersion

Gel Insoluble

DIOXANE
0 25 50 75 100 0

STODDARD SOLVNET
25 50 75 100 0

BENZENE
25 50 75 100 0

WATER
25 50 75 100

viscous

cloudy

cloudy

paste

sl. cloudy

cloudy

cloudy

paste

paste

cloudy

paste

very cloudy

cloudy

cloudy

paste

cloudy

cloudy

viscous

fluid

paste

paste

stiff

fluid

paste

fluid

paste

paste

paste

paste

paste

cloudy

paste

viscous

APPENDICES

45

Table 3: Solubility Data For Quaternary Ammonium Compounds at 25C

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT** WATER METHANOL/ ETHANOL/ ISOPROPANOL ACETONE BENZENE N-HEXANE/ CYCLOHEXANE CHLOROFORM HEXYLENE (1,2) CARBON TETRACHLORIDE GLYCOL MINERAL OIL

Arquad Alkyltrimethyl

XX

XX

NA

XX

XX

NA

NA

Arquad Dialkyldimethyl

XX

XX

NA

XX

XX

NA

NA

Arquad Benzylalkyl

XX

XX

XX

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Duoquad Alkyl Diquaternary

XX

XX

NA

XX

XX

NA

NA

Ethoquad Ethoxylated Quaternary

XX

XX

XX

XX

NA

NA

XX

XX

Propoquad Propoxylated Quaternary

XX

XX

XX

XX

NA

NA

XX

XX

NA

* Solubility generally decreases in a given solvent with increasing chain length of alkyl substituents. ** Most quaternary ammonium salts are soluble in hot ethyl acetate. KEY

XX X D O

Very Soluble (5% by weight) Slightly Soluble (between 1 and 5% by weight) Dispersible Insoluble (<0.5% by weight)

46

APPENDICES

C U S TO M E R S E RV I C E & T E C H N I C A L S U P P O RT

CUSTOMER SERVICE & TECHNICAL SUPPORT

47

Tr a d e m a r k e d P r o d u c t s N o t L i s t e d i n C a t a l o g
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CUSTOMER SERVICE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

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Publication SC04-10

Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC 525 W. Van Buren Street Chicago, IL 60607-3823 United States http://surface.akzonobelusa.com

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