Bi 3

BM ( PUMP)

Dn nhp Cc lai bm thng gp Cc thng s hnh hc Cc thng s c tnh:

Chn la bm Vn hnh , iu chnh bm

Lu lng Q, Ct p H, Cng sut N, Hiu sut , h s quay nhanh ns, im lm vic ti u BOP, ng c tnh bm Cng thc thng dng Cc nh lut ng dng

Thc tp: tm hiu cu to v nguyn l hat ng ca bm, mt s tnh tan cn thit, v kho nghim bm
Nguyn Hng Tm 1

BM ( PUMP)
Phn loi bm

Nguyn Hng Tm

 Bm th tch:
ng vi mi vng quay mt lng cht lng c chuyn i t u ht ny qua u y kia Nu h ng ng ng kn: ct p tng dn n h bm Thng s dng bm cc lu cht khc nc hoc nc cn ct p cao

Nguyn Hng Tm

BM TH TCH
Bm piston:
Thng s dng cho cht lng c nht cao, du..

Bm piston quay hng trc

(Axial rotary piston pump)

Bm quay: dng Bnh

rng, cam, van Thng dng trong cng nghip vi mc ch ring Dng nh lng..

Bm bnh rng n khp trong

Bm cnh gt
Nguyn Hng Tm 4

 Hnh mt s lai bm th tch

Bm bnh rng n khp ngai Bm piston

Nguyn Hng Tm 5

 Bm ng hc:
Bnh cng tc (rotor, impeller) quay trn chuyn ng nng thnh tnh p v ng p bm cht lng

Hai loi chnh: Bm li tm ( centrifugal pumps): trong cng nghip > 75% bm nc, Bm hng trc ( axial pumps), V Bm hn hp ( mixedflow pumps)
Nguyn Hng Tm 6

BM LI TM
( CENTRIFUGAL PUMP) Bm li tm hat ng ra sao ?
Cht lng c ht vo bnh cng tc ( rotor), i qua rotor, nhn nng lng t rotor ri i ra khi v. V bm gip chuyn ng nng ny thnh tnh p+ ng p
y ra

Ht vo

Bm li tm v ng c tnh
Nguyn Hng Tm 7

Nguyn l hat ng ca bm li tm

ng c tnh bm vi van m 10, 50, 90%

Nguyn Hng Tm

BM LI TM( CENTRIFUGAL PUMP)

Cu to ca bm li tm
Cc thng s hnh hc : d1, d2,b..
Ming y V

Ming ht

Rotor Trc Bc n
Nguyn Hng Tm 9

BM LI TM ( CENTRIFUGAL PUMP)

Bnh cng tc (Rotor, impeller)

L b phn quay chnh cung cp lc li tm cho lu cht. C th l 1 Rotor, hay nhiu Rotor( bm nhiu tng) ni tip nhau tng H Rotor c th l dng m ( open type) hoc dng kn ( closed type)
Nguyn Hng Tm 10

BM LI TM ( CENTRIFUGAL PUMP)
Trc: (shaft)

Nhm chuyn moment quay t mot n roto

V ( casing)

Bao ly roto to nn bung to p. lp trc v bc n. V c dng xay c to cn bng v p sut V c dng trn c dng trong bm nhiu tng

Nguyn Hng Tm

11

BM HNG TRC, BM HN HP

Nguyn Hng Tm

12

 CC THNG S C TNH:
LU LNG, Q, m3/s, (L/pht) CT P,H, (mWG), mH2O CNG SUT, Nlt, W, = * g, (g= 9,81m/s2) S VNG QUAY n, rpm

BM
Nlt = G*H = *Q*H (Vi N: W; Q, m /s)
3

HIU SUT, , % H S QUAY NHANH, ns NG C TNH:

N lt * Q * H = = N N

ns =

3,65 * n * Q H
3 4

m t mi quan h ca cc thng s trn

Nguyn Hng Tm

13

BM
NG C TNH BM ( pump performance curve)
ng c tnh bm

ng c tnh ca nhiu c bm

Nguyn Hng Tm

14

BM
CC QUI LUT NG DNG ng dng lu lng

QM n M DM = * D QN nN N
2

ng dng ct p

H M n M DM = n * D HN N N
3

ng dng cng sut

Nguyn Hng Tm

N M n M DM = n * D NN N N

15

CHN BM
DA VO TNH CHT CA CHT LNG: lu nht, tp cht DA VO H S QUAY NHANH nS (SI)
Trong Q= m3/s, n= rpm, H=mH20

ns =

3,65 * n * Q H
3 4

V MT S YU CU KHC:

Nh gn, t n, chi ph u t v vn hnh, bo dng C cng dng ring: nh lng, o m.. TRNH CHN BM QU LN

DA VO NG C TNH CA BM V C TNH H THNG:

Bm cnh dn ch yu dng cho bm nc, mt s hn hp c nht thp

Nguyn Hng Tm

16

CHN BM
CHN BM TH TCH HAY CNH DN, (theo Ns)

Nguyn Hng Tm

17

ns =

3,65 * n * Q H
3 4

ns< 500: ns = 500 - 4000: ns = 2000 8000: ns = 7000 20 000:

th tch li tm mixed Flow hng trc

Nguyn Hng Tm

18

CHN BM CNH DN
Chn bm Li tm, Hng trc hay hn hp (theo ns)

1- Canh li tam vi ns = 40-80, 2- Canh li tam vi ns = 80-150, 3- Canh dang Francis vi ns =150-300, 4- canh dang hon hp vi ns = 300-600, 5- canh dang hng truc vi ns = 600-1200
Nguyn Hng Tm 19

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
BM U SONG SONG: nhm p ng yu cu Q thay i NHIU BM: ngng vi bm khi cn Q nh Tng Q nh hn tng Q ca ring tng bm MT BM NH (pony pump) + BM LN BM U NI TIP: BM U HN HP: tng H tng Q v H
20

Nguyn Hng Tm

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
Cc thi m t c tnh h thng khi u nhiu bm, hay thay di n Thay i s vng quay

Bm u song song

Nguyn Hng Tm

21

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
iu chnh lu lng Q :

S dng b bin tc ( Variable Speed Drives, VSD): Nhm thay i tc lin tc Nhm gim chi ph in ko bm Hai dng VSD:

Thay i s vng quay ( theo quy lut ng dng)

C kh: li hp thy lc ( hydraulic clutches), khp ni (coupling) thy lc, bin tc ai (adjustable belts and pulleys). in: li hp in (eddy current clutches), b bin tng (Variable Frequencey Drives, VFDs) Nh b VSD c th vn hnh hp l hn gip tit kim in, gim chi ph u t bo dng, v khi ng mm hn
Nguyn Hng Tm 22

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
iu chnh lu lng Q : S dng van u vo, van u ra
Nhm gim Q nhng tng H, khng gim N lm hiu sut thp Tng rung ng, mi mn: tng chi ph bo dng, gim tui th

( thi m t mt mt cng sut

khi s dng van)
Nguyn Hng Tm 23

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
S dng van hi
( bypass valve): bm qua 2 ng dn: 1 ti ni s dng, 1 tr v ngun; Tn nng lng cho phn cht lng chy vng v ch
Tn tht do s dng van hi

Van ng m :
ngng bm khi khng cn V d bm nc vo thng.. Thch hp khi s dng t thng xuyn

Van Min, Max

V d bn nc
Nguyn Hng Tm 24

VN HNH V IU CHNH BM
iu chnh lu lng Q: Bng phng php ct bt ng knh ngoi ( Impeller trimming) Ct ti a <25%D2 Q/Qcut = D2/D2cut H/Hcut= (D2/D2cut)^2 N/Ncut= (D2/D2cut)^3
Nguyn Hng Tm 25

So snh hiu qu gia cc phng php

Nguyn Hng Tm

26

Mt s lu khi lp t vn hnh bm
Chn bm ng yu cu k thut, v da vo ng c tnh c bn ca bm. Lp t ng ng ph hp Cn lp t van mt chiu ng ht v ng y d dng khi mi nc v khi ng bm. Trc khi cho bm lm vic phi mi bm.

Nguyn Hng Tm

27

Kho nghim bm
Nhm xc nh Q, H, N, Hiu sut :
o lu lng : cn ong theo thi gian; bng phng php l; siu m.

Nguyn Hng Tm

28

Nguyn Hng Tm

29

Sau khi hc xong, SV cn: Phn bit c cc loi bm-phm vi s dng Nm vng cu to-nguyn l hat ng Nm c cc thng s hnh hc c tnh Bit tnh v chn bm trong h thng Bit cc phng php lp t v vn hnh, iu chnh bm. Cc phng php kho nghim bm

Tho lun: Bm l g, BEP, POP, cc phng php iu chnh Q ?

Nguyn Hng Tm

30