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Mesin Listrik
Transformator Mesin Arus Bolak-balik Mesin Arus Searah
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Mesin Asinkron
Motor Asinkron Generator Asinkron
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Jumlah fasa
Mesin tiga fasa Motor Induksi Motor kondensor sinkron Generator Sinkron Mesin satu fasa Motor Split-phase Motor Capasitor Motor Shaded-pole Motor Universal Motor reluctance Motor Hysterisis
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Keuntungan Motor AC
Konstruksi kuat Effisiensi tinggi Biaya pemeliharaan murah Starting mudah Effisiensi tinggi pada kondisi normal
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Kerugian Motor AC
Kontrol Putaran Susah Torsi start kecil Putaran akan turun bila beban bertambah
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Konstruksi Mesin AC
Bagian Stator : Inti dan Lilitan stator Bagian Rotor : Inti dan Lilitan rotor
Rotor sangkar (sqeurell-cage rotor) Rotor Lilit (wound rotor)
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Konstruksi MI
Blowers may be added to Blowers may be added to motors to allow operation at motors to allow operation at low speed including 0 RPM low speed including 0 RPM with 100% Torque continuous with 100% Torque continuous
Some motor frames are sized so Some motor frames are sized so that just the surface area is suitable that just the surface area is suitable to dissipate motor heat w/o the need to dissipate motor heat w/o the need of a fan or blower of a fan or blower
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Types of AC Motors
T-Frame Construction Motors allow T-Frame commonality in footprint & shaft height.
Definite purpose laminated frame laminated frame designs provide higher power densities & improved torque to inertia performance.
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Penggunaan
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H.dl = NI
Hukum Farady
Nd e = dt
Hukum Kirchoff
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I = 0
IZ =V
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Medan Putar
Medan putar terjadi pada sumber tiga fasa yang diberikan pada lilitan stator tiga fasa
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Belitan Stator
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Karena lilitan rotor merupakan lilitan yang tertutup, maka akan ada arus yang mengalir pada rotor Adanya arus dalam medan magnet, akan timbul gaya F pada rotor Gaya dikalikan dengan jari-jari koduktor rotor akan menghasilkan kopel (torsi) Jika torsi yang dihasilkan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan torsi beban, maka rotor akan berputar sesuai dengan arah medan putar Agar tagangan E2s tetap ada, maka diperlukan perbedaan relatif antara putaran medan (ns) dengan putaran rotor (nr)
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Perbedaan antara ns dengan nr dinyatakan dengan persamaan slip (s) S = {(ns nr)/ns} 100% Kemungkinan
s=0 s=1 Kondisi motor diam kondisi motor start
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I2 =
(R2 )2 + ( X 2s )2
I2 =
E2s
(R2 )2 + (SX2 )2
E2
SE2
Atau
(R 2 / S )2 + ( X 2 )2
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Karena
1 S R2 / S = R2 + R2 S
Maka
1 S R2 S
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R1
X1
R1
X1
Is
I0
I1
Is
Is
Im
B
Rm
Xm
Xm
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R1
X1
R2
X2
Is
V1
>
Im v
IR
>
JX m
1 S R'2 S
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I '2 =
E1 (a 2 R2 / S )2 + (a 2 X 2 )2
=
= 3
2
a2R 2 / S (a 2 R2 / S ) 2 + (a 2 X 2 ) 2
E1I
' 2
cos
T =3
(V1 ) (a 2 R 2 )2 + S 2 (a 2 X )2 2
X2
Sa 2 R2
S = R2
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Tmaks = 3
(V1 ) 2
2a 2 X 2
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Diagram daya
Daya input
Pin = 3 VI Cos
Daya output stator (daya input rotor) Daya output rotor (daya mekanis)
Pm
R2 ' P2 = 3 I 2 ' s
1 s = 3I 2 ' R2 ' s
Pout dalam N m
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Karakteristik Torsi-Slip
T = 3V
2
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Gambar 4
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METODA STARTING
Pada rotor belit : digunakan tahanan mula yang besarnya dipilih sedemikian sehingga torsi start = torsimax. Setelah motor berputar, dalam keadaan nominal rotor dihubung singkat. Pada rotor sangkar : a. Untuk daya kecil dapat distart langsung b. Start dengan auto trafo c. Start dengan saklar Y
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Non-linear control Real-time control DSP application PFC Speed sensorless Power electronic converters
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Tahanan rotor
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VVVF control
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Berdasar operasi
Drip-proof motor Splash-proof motor Totally enclose. Non-ventilated Totally enclose, fan-cooled motor Explosion-proof motor
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Klasifikasi NEMA
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Speed profile
10
25
45
60
t (ms)
Te Tload = J(d/dt) + B
Tload = 5 Nm.
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d Te = J + B + Tl dt
10 25 45 60 t (ms)
0 < t <10 ms 10ms < t <25 ms 25ms < t< 45ms 45ms < t < 60ms
Te = 0.01(0) + 0.01(0) + 5 Nm = 5 Nm Te = 0.01(100/0.015) +0.01(-66.67 + 6666.67t) + 5 = (71 + 66.67t) Nm Te = 0.01(0) + 0.01(100) + 5 = 6 Nm Te = 0.01(-100/0.015) + 0.01(400 -6666.67t) + 5 = -57.67 66.67t
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Speed profile
25
45
60
t (ms)
torque profile
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-65
For the same system and with the motor torque profile given above, what would be the speed profile?
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Example 1.3. gear - box drive torque / time curve Let us consider an electric drive for an elevator with the data shown in figure 1.11.
Figure 1.11. Elevator electric drive with multiple mechanical transmissions and counterweight
Electric Drives 55
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