Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S.

Grant A) ruled out running for office. B) rejoined the Democratic party. C) refused gifts offered him by the American public. D) proved that he was a sound judge of human character. E) accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens. 2. In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant A) demonstrated his political skill. B) gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites. C) transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote. D) owed his victory to the votes of former slaves. E) all of the above. 3. Which one of the following is least related to the other three? A) Ohio Idea B) Jay Gould C) Jim Fisk D) Wall Street gold market E) Black Friday 4. One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was A) federal income tax evasion charges. B) granting immunity to Tweed's cronies in exchange for testimony. C) the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast. D) the RICO racketeering act. E) New York City's ethics laws. 5. In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crdit Mobilizer A) belatedly started to follow honest business practices. B) sold controlling interest in the company to others. C) tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress. D) distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen. E) left the country.

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6. President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because A) he pleaded for a clasping of hands across the bloody chasm between the North and South. B) the Democrats and Liberal Republicans could not decide on a single candidate. C) federal troops still controlled the South. D) he promised reforms in the political system. E) his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency. 7. Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated. A. Roscoe Conkling 1. Half-Breeds B. James Blaine 2. Stalwarts C. Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans D. Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 C) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 D) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 E) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 8. One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was A) the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear. B) an extremely high rate of inflation. C) the formation of the Greenback Labor party. D) excessive speculation in mining stocks. E) the reissuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks. 9. As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested A) a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875. B) restoring the government's credit rating. C) inflationary policies. D) stronger federal control of banking. E) a policy of deflation. 10. One result of Republican hard money policies was A) the defeat of a Democratic House of Representatives in 1874. B) a strong dollar against foreign currencies. C) the formation of the Greenback Labor party. D) the return to the Dollar of Our Daddies, silver dollars, as the dominant coin in circulation. E) damage to the country's credit rating.

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11. Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually A) party loyalists. B) reformers. C) wealthy and well educated. D) incorruptible. E) political independents. 12. The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s A) usually involved sharp partisan differences over issues like currency policy and civil-service reform. B) were all won by Republicans. C) involved charismatic personalities. D) aroused great interest among voters. E) were rarely close. 13. One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was A) sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties. B) battles between Catholics and Lutherans. C) differences over the issue of the civil service. D) sectional tensions between the Northeast and Midwest. E) the parties' differences over economic issues. 14. The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on A) failure to use the secret Australian ballot in some places. B) Samuel Tilden's association with corrupt politicians. C) who would be Speaker of the House. D) the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. E) President Grant's campaign for a third term. 15. The sequence of presidential terms of the forgettable presidents of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was A) Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland. B) Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Garfield. C) Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland. D) Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland. E) Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland.

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16. The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened with A) scenes of class warfare. B) a peaceful labor scene. C) improved race relations. D) increased overseas expansion. E) charges of corruption. 17. The railroad of 1877 started when A) the railroad workers refused to cross the picket lines of cargo loaders. B) President Hayes refused to use troops to keep the trains running. C) the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent. D) the railroads tried to hire Chinese workers. E) working hours were cut back by the railroad companies. 18. Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from A) competition among rival unions. B) the collapse of the steel industry. C) long years of depression and deflation. D) the establishment of the Socialist party. E) agitation by Communist sympathizers. 19. Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States? A) the intrusion of European powers B) the disintegration of the Chinese Empire C) internal political turmoil D) the seizure of farmland by landlords E) all of the above 20. One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to A) replace the newly freed slaves in the South. B) buy their own farms. C) work on the East Coast. D) dig for gold. E) all of the above.

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21. The Chinese word tong means A) family. B) criminal organization. C) cooking utensil. D) labor union. E) meeting hall. 22. Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was A) Chester Arthur. B) James Garfield. C) William McKinley. D) Rutherford Hayes. E) Benjamin Harrison. 23. President James A. Garfield was assassinated A) because he was a Stalwart Republican. B) by a deranged, disappointed office seeker. C) by a political anarchist. D) because he opposed civil-service reform. E) as a result of his service in the Civil War. 24. The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to A) present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator. B) agree to make financial contributions to their political party. C) have a college degree. D) take a competitive examination. E) pledge independence from either major political party. 25. The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for A) a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans. B) its emphasis on issues. C) its virtual tie in the electoral college. D) its personal attacks on the two candidates. E) low voter turnout.

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26. In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was A) the federal bureaucracy. B) Congress. C) the president. D) the states. E) the federal courts. 27. The Billion-Dollar Congress quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by A) cutting tariffs and other taxes. B) increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects. C) building an expensive new steel navy. D) expanding pensions for Civil War veterans. E) providing subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers. 28. Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? A) immigration restrictions B) government guarantees of parity prices for farmers C) free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1 D) government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph E) a one-term limit on the presidency 29. The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were A) Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois. B) Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada. C) Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota. D) Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Kansas. E) Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont. 30. The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in A) the emergence of Republican political power in the South. B) the breakdown of segregation in areas outside southern cities. C) a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South. D) an alignment of wealthy Bourbon whites with moderate blacks. E) the transformation of Tom Watson into a fervent civil rights leader.

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31. The political developments of the l890s were largely shaped by A) America's growing involvement in overseas conflicts. B) the deadlock among Republicans, Democrats, and Populists in Congress. C) the widespread prosperity and federal budget surpluses. D) the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time. E) the growing black rebellion against segregation and racial oppression. 32. President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of A) using federal troops to suppress Populist demonstrations. B) wasting the federal surplus on pork-barrel spending. C) vetoing the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act. D) taking the United States off the gold standard. E) borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate. 33. The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 were A) the Populists. B) the Knights of Labor. C) the Greenback Labor Party. D) the Republicans. E) the goldbug Democrats. 34. When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was A) too costly without government help. B) impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help. C) too risky without government help. D) the railroads would repay the subsidies by paying higher taxes. E) private investors would not accept initial financial losses. 35. During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons A) relied exclusively on Chinese labor. B) rejected government assistance. C) focused on public service. D) built their railroads with government assistance. E) refused to get involved in politics.

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36. The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with A) aid for construction of railroad stations. B) cash grants from new taxes. C) reduced prices for iron and steel. D) land grants. E) cash grants from higher tariffs. 37. Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill 1. Central Pacific B. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. New York Central C. Leland Stanford 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Norther A) A-1, B-3, C-4 B) A-4, B-3, C-1 C) A-4, B-2, C-1 D) A-2, B-1, C-3 E) A-3, B-4, C-2 38. The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the A) Union Pacific. B) Great Northern. C) Northern Pacific. D) New York Central. E) Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe. 39. The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was A) the steel industry. B) the railroad network. C) electric power. D) mining. E) agriculture. 40. The United States changed to standard time zones when A) long-distance telephones required standard time coordination. B) factories demanded standard time schedules. C) Congress passed a law establishing this system. D) the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks. E) all of the above.

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41. Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called A) interlocking directorates. B) holding companies. C) trusts. D) rebates. E) pools. 42. Early railroad owners formed pools in order to A) avoid competition by dividing business in a particular area. B) avoid wasteful competition. C) water their stock. D) increase competition by establishing more companies. E) share the pool of skilled labor. 43. Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by A) President Cleveland. B) state legislatures. C) Congress. D) the Supreme Court. E) private lawsuits charging unfair competition. 44. America's first billion-dollar corporation was A) United States Steel. B) The Union Pacific Railroad. C) Standard Oil. D) General Electric (GE). E) American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T). 45. John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except A) using high-pressure sales methods. B) employing spies. C) pursuing a policy of rule or ruin. D) extorting rebates from railroads. E) using federal agents to break his competitors.

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46. The _______________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments. A) Sixteenth B) Fifteenth C) Fifth D) Seventeenth E) Fourteenth 47. The South's major attraction for potential investors was A) a warm climate. B) ethnic diversity. C) cheap labor. D) readily available raw materials. E) good transportation. 48. In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted _______________ manufacturing to the new South. A) steel B) farm equipment C) electrical appliance D) textile E) machine tool 49. Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as A) a poor alternative to farming. B) high-wage positions. C) the only steady jobs and wages available. D) unacceptable. E) institutions that broke up families. 50. One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was A) the encounter with other races. B) their movement to the suburbs. C) the narrowing of class divisions. D) the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock. E) the opportunity to relearn the ideals of Thomas Jefferson.

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51. The image of the Gibson Girl represented A) a romantic ideal of the independent and athletic new woman. B) an exploitative image of the woman as a sex object. C) a sentimental image of a woman as mother. D) a portrayal of the modern corporate business woman. E) a revival of the early American feminine ideal of republican motherhood. 52. Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor A) individual entrepreneurs. B) labor unions. C) independent workers and craftsmen. D) state regulatory agencies. E) corporations. 53. In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won A) equal pay for women. B) an eight-hour day for government workers. C) government arbitration for industrial disputes. D) the right to collective bargaining. E) an eight-hour day for all workers. 54. The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies A) by the development of strong craft unions. B) through the destruction of the American Federation of Labor. C) when American workers achieved a greater degree of class consciousness. D) by forming an independent political movement. E) by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers. 55. One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its A) support of skilled workers. B) lack of class consciousness. C) abandonment of the concept of independent producers. D) racial exclusiveness. E) failure to admit women to its ranks.

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56. By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, A) workers began to turn to the Socialist Party. B) the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor. C) Congress declared the AFL illegal. D) labor unions continued to decline in membership. E) the American Federation of Labor failed to take advantage of the situation. 57. By 1900, organized labor in America A) had enrolled nearly half of the industrial labor force. B) relied heavily on the National Labor Relations Board. C) had begun to turn in a clearly Marxist direction. D) was accepted by the majority of employers as a permanent part of the new industrial economy. E) had begun to develop a more positive image with the public. 58. All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except A) American ingenuity and inventiveness. B) a political climate favoring business. C) an abundance of natural resources. D) a large pool of unskilled labor. E) immigration restrictions. 59. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was A) fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels. B) a trend that affected Europe as well. C) uniquely American. D) a result of natural reproduction. E) attributable to the closing of the frontier. 60. One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was A) the rise of large department stores. B) public transportation systems. C) the development of factories. D) advertising billboards. E) the Sears catalog.

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61. Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape A) the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy. B) political oppression. C) the military draft. D) famine. E) the political disintegration of their country. 62. In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants A) rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture. B) welcomed ecumenical conversations with Roman Catholics. C) believed that a final Judgment Day was coming soon. D) were driven out of mainstream seminaries and colleges. E) sharply criticized American society and American government. 63. The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 18651900 was A) the West. B) New England. C) rural America. D) the big city. E) suburban communities. 64. The American Protective Association A) sought to organize mutual-aid associations. B) supported immigration restrictions. C) established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants. D) preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants. E) was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams. 65. The post-Civil War era witnessed A) rejection of the German system of kindergartens. B) a slow rise in the illiteracy rate. C) an emphasis on liberal arts colleges. D) an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. E) the collapse of the Chautauqua movement.

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66. In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women A) was confined to women's colleges. B) blossomed especially in the South. C) resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act. D) became more difficult to obtain. E) became much more common. 67. Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era? A) the University of California B) Johns Hopkins University C) the University of Chicago D) Stanford University E) Harvard University 68. American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by A) repudiating the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. B) printing hard-hitting editorials. C) focusing on coverage of the local community and avoiding syndicalized material. D) printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal. E) crusading for social reform. 69. Henry George believed that the root of social inequality and social injustice lay in A) landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. B) stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services. C) patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings. D) labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. E) businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers. 70. Henry George argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be A) looked on as the inevitable consequence of the survival of the fittest. B) prevented through communal land ownership. C) taxed at a 100 percent rate by the government. D) used to provide low-rent housing for the poor. E) saved and invested for the benefit of the community.

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71. General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur A) defended Christianity against Darwinism. B) detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil War. C) achieved success only after his death. D) emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success. E) was based on a popular early movie. 72. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism D. William Dean 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated Howells women. A) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 B) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 C) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 D) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 E) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 73. Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? A) Henry Adams. B) Stephen Crane. C) Kate Chopin. D) Mark Twain. E) William Dean Howells. 74. In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except A) more women working outside the home. B) increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics. C) soaring divorce rates. D) more children being born out of wedlock. E) the spreading practice of birth control.

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75. In the course of the late nineteenth century, A) family size gradually declined. B) the birthrate increased. C) people tended to marry at an earlier age. D) children were seen as a greater economic asset. E) the divorce rate fell. 76. By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage A) argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. B) formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. C) acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. D) insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women. E) temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. 77. One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the A) passage of more liberal divorce laws. B) emerging feminist movement. C) decline of religious organizations. D) stresses of urban life. E) decline in farm income. 78. During industrialization, Americans increasingly A) fragmented into diverse consumer markets. B) became less involved in physical sports and games. C) shared a common and standardized popular culture. D) had less free time. E) outlawed cruel and violent sports like boxing. 79. Which of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil War? A) croquet B) basketball C) baseball D) bicycling E) college football

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80. The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to A) avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites. B) preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement. C) defend their lands against white invaders. D) rescue their families who had been exiled to Oklahoma. E) punish whites for breaking treaties. 81. Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph 1. Apache B. Sitting Bull 2. Cheyenne C. Geronimo 3. Nez Perc 4. Sioux A) A-3, B-4, C-1 B) A-2, B-4, C-3 C) A-4, B-3, C-2 D) A-1, B-3, C-4 E) A-1, B-2, C-3 82. As a result of the complete defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command in 1866 A) the government abandoned the Bozeman Trail and guaranteed the Sioux their lands. B) the conflict between the U.S. army and the Sioux came to a peaceful end. C) white settlers agreed to halt their expansion beyond the 100th meridian. D) the government sent extensive military reinforcements to the Dakotas and Montana E) the government adopted a policy of civilizing the Indians rather than trying to conquer them. 83. The Nez Perc Indians of Idaho were goaded into war when A) the Canadian government attempted to force their return to the United States. B) the federal government attempted to put them on a reservation. C) their alliance with the Shoshones required it. D) gold was discovered on their reservation. E) the Sioux sought their land. 84. A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by A) Joseph F. Glidden. B) Harriet Beecher Stowe. C) Helen Hunt Jackson. D) William F. Cody. E) Chief Joseph.

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85. To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except A) outlaw the sacred Sun Dance. B) wipe out tribal ownership of land. C) dissolve many tribes as legal entities. D) try to make rugged individualists of the Indians. E) promise Indians U.S. citizenship in twenty-five years. 86. The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the A) Dawes Severalty Act. B) Carlisle Indian School. C) Battle of Wounded Knee. D) Sand Creek massacre. E) Battle of Little Big Horn. 87. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life. A) C, B, D, A B) D, C, A, B C) B, A, C, D D) A, B, C, D E) A, D, B, C 88. The enormous mineral wealth taken from the mining frontier of the West A) solved the currency problem. B) profited individual prospectors but not corporations. C) helped to finance the Civil War. D) enabled the West to be free of federal interference. E) solved the Indian problem. 89. The mining frontier played a vital role in A) ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. B) forcing the Indians off the Great Plains. C) attracting the first substantial white population to the West. D) enabling the government to go off the gold standard. E) bringing law and order to the West.

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90. The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were A) Abilene, Kansas; Ogalalla, Nebraska; and Cheyenne, Wyoming. B) Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana. C) Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming. D) Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado. E) Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming. 91. One problem with the Homestead Act was that A) midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West. B) it took several years to earn a profit from farming. C) 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains. D) the government continued to try to maximize its revenue from public lands. E) the railroads purchased most of this land. 92. In the long run, the group that probably did the most to shape the modern West was the A) hydraulic engineers. B) cowboys. C) trappers. D) railroad men. E) miners. 93. In 1890, when the superintendent of the census announced that a stable frontier line was no longer discernible, A) Americans were disturbed that the free land of the West was gone. B) there were no more isolated bodies of settlement. C) little land remained for public sale. D) all the western territories had been admitted as states. E) the Homestead Act was repealed. 94. The real safety valve in the late nineteenth century was A) Canada. B) Texas. C) Hawaii. D) the Western frontier. E) the western cities.

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95. In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers A) saw their numbers grow as more people moved west. B) became attached to their family farms. C) grew a single cash crop. D) became increasingly self-sufficient. E) diversified their crops. 96. The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was A) overproduction of agricultural goods. B) the shortage of farm machinery. C) urban growth. D) the declining number of farms and farmers. E) foreign competition. 97. In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the volume of agricultural goods __________, and the price received for these goods __________. A) decreased; increased B) decreased; also decreased C) increased; decreased D) increased; stayed the same. E) increased; also increased 98. Late-nineteenth-century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from A) a deflated currency. B) immigration laws. C) overproduction. D) the federal government. E) low tariff rates. 99. With agricultural production rising dramatically in the post-Civil War years, A) the government began encouraging the development of soil banks. B) more farmers could purchase land. C) tenant farming spread rapidly throughout the Midwest and South. D) bankruptcies declined. E) western farmers prospered, while southern farmers had grave troubles selling their cotton.

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100. Farmers were slow to organize and promote their interest because they A) were too busy trying to eke out a living. B) were by nature highly independent and individualistic. C) did not possess the money necessary to establish a national political movement. D) were divided by the wealthier, more powerful manufacturers and railroad barons. E) were not well educated. 101. The original purpose of the Grange was to A) stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities. B) get involved in politics. C) improve the farmers' collective plight. D) support the Homestead law. E) support an inflationary monetary policy. 102. The Farmers' Alliance was formed to A) take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads. B) provide help to northern farmers. C) provide opportunities for higher education. D) end the rise of tenant farming. E) help landless farmers gain property. 103. The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to A) the Silver Miners' Coalition. B) the Liberal Republican Party. C) the Farmers' Alliance. D) the Grange. E) the Greenback Labor Party. 104. The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was A) William Jennings Bryan. B) Adlai Stevenson. C) James B. Weaver. D) William Coin Harvey. E) Mary Elizabeth Lease. 105. Which one of the following was not among influential Populist leaders? A) Eugene V. Debs B) William Coin Harvey C) Ignatius Donnelley D) Mary Elizabeth Lease E) James B. Weaver

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106. In a bid to win labor's support, the Populist Party A) proposed a law guaranteeing the right to organize and strike. B) endorsed workmen's compensation laws. C) nominated Samuel Gompers for president. D) supported restrictions on immigration. E) opposed injunctions against labor strikes. 107. Jacob Coxey and his army marched on Washington, D.C., to A) try to promote a general strike of all workers. B) demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program. C) demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans. D) protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. E) demand a larger military budget. 108. Which one of the following was least sympathetic to workers and farmers hard-pressed by the Depression of 1893? A) Jacob Coxey B) Eugene V. Debs C) John P. Altgeld D) William Jennings Bryan E) Richard Olney 109. Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike B. Eugene V. 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers Debs C. George 3. United States attorney general who brought in federal troops to Pullman crush the strike D. John P. Altgeld 4. Owner of the palace railroad car company and the company town where the strike began A) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 B) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 C) A-2, B-4, C-l, D-3 D) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 E) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-l 110. The Pullman strike created the first instance of A) government use of federal troops to break a labor strike. B) government use of a federal court injunction to break a strike. C) management recognition of the right of workers to organize and strike. D) violence during a labor strike. E) a united front between urban workers and agrarian Populists.

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111. The Depression of the 1890s and episodes like the Pullman Strike made the election of 1896 shape up as A) a clash of cultures between ordinary middle-class Americans and European-oriented radicals and reformers. B) a battle between down-and-out workers and farmers and establishment conservatives. C) a contest over the power of the federal government to manage a modern industrial economy like the United States. D) a conflict between the insurgent Populists and the two established political parties. E) a sectional conflict with the West aligned against the Northeast and South. 112. Which of the following was not among the qualifications that helped William McKinley earn the Republican presidential nomination in 1896? A) He was backed by the skilled political manager and fund raiser Mark Hanna. B) He was a likable Civil War veteran. C) He was an energetic and charismatic campaigner. D) He had gained a national reputation by sponsoring the high McKinley Tariff Bill. E) He came from the key electoral swing state of Ohio. 113. William Jennings Bryan gained the presidential nomination of the Democratic party primarily because he A) had the support of urban workers. B) eloquently supported the farmers' demand for the unlimited coinage of silver. C) was backed by the Democratic Party establishment. D) possessed a brilliant political mind. E) had already gained the nomination of the Populist party. 114. One key to the Republican victory in the 1896 presidential election was the A) ability of Republicans to disrupt the solid South. B) use of the tariff issue. C) support of farmers. D) huge amount of money raised by Mark Hanna. E) wide travel and numerous speeches made by William McKinley. 115. The strongest ally of Mark Hanna and the Republicans in the 1896 presidential election was A) McKinley's vigorous campaigning. B) fear of the alleged radicalism of William Jennings Bryan and his free silver cause. C) the nearly unanimous support of the nation's trained economists. D) the divisions in the Democratic Party. E) the drop in wheat prices.

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116. The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that A) the South remained solid for the Democratic party. B) a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes. C) factory workers would favor inflation. D) rural America would defeat urban America. E) a third party candidate had a serious chance at the White House. 117. The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by A) less concern for industrial regulation. B) sharpened conflict between business and labor. C) diminishing voter participation in elections. D) strengthening of party organizations. E) greater concern over civil-service reform. 118. The monetary inflation needed to relieve the social and economic hardships of the late nineteenth century eventually came as a result of A) McKinley's adoption of the bimetallic standard. B) the creation of the Federal Reserve Board. C) Populist fusion with the Democratic party. D) the Gold Standard Act. E) an increase in the international gold supply.

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Answer Key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. E D A C D E B A C C A D A D C A C C E D E B B D D B D B E C D E D D D D C B B D E A B A

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45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

E E C D C D A E B E B B E E B A A A D B D E E D A C A D A D A A D C C D A A D C A C D C C A

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91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118.

C A A E C A C A C E A A C C A E B E B B B C B D B B C E

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