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ii #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

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ISBN 81-7450-468-0

izFke laLdj.k
lokZ f/dkj lqjf{kr

fnlacj 2006 ikS"k 1928

la'kksf/r ,oa ifjor laLdj.k

vxLr 2010 Hkknzin 1932

PD 210T MK
jk"Vh;

'kSf{kd vuql/
a ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ ] 2010

izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk rFkk
bySDVkWfudh] e'khuh] iQksVksizfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZx vFkok fdlh vU; fof/ ls iqu%
iz;ksx ifr }kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok izlkj.k oftZr gSA
bl iqLrd dh fch bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr
osQ fcuk ;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok fdlh vU; izdkj
ls O;kikj }kjk m/kjh ij] iqufoZ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA
bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok fpidkbZ
xbZ iphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh la'kksf/r ewY;
xyr gS rFkk ekU; ugha gksxkA

,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh- osQ izdk'ku foHkkx osQ dk;kZy;
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQil
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u;h fnYyh 110 016

iQksu % 011&26562708

108, 100 iQhV jksM

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cuk'kadjh III bLVst
cSaxywj 560 085

iQksu % 080&26725740

uothou VLV Hkou

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vgenkckn 380 014

iQksu % 079&27541446

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dksydkrk 700 114

iQksu % 033&25530454

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izdk'ku lg;ksx
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izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vjfoan ekxZ] u;h fnYyh 110 016 }kjk
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iii

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% iii

iqjksokd~
2005 bZLoh;k;ka jkf"V;&ikBp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~ vuq'kaflra ;r~ Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;thoua
fo|ky;srjthousu lg ;kstuh;e~A flkUrks;a iqLrdh;KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% i`Fko~Q
orZrs] ;L;k% izHkkokr~ vLekoaQ f'k{kkO;oLFkk bnkuha ;kor~ fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L;
p e;s vUrjkya iks"k;frA jkf"V;ikBp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBe&ikBiqLrdkfu vL;
ewyHkkoL; O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oA iz;klsfLeu~ fo"k;k.kka e;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs% fuokj.ka
KkukFk jVuizo`ks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyra orZrsA vk'kkLegss ;r~ iz;klks;a 1986
bZLZ oh;k;ka jkf"V;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'kaflrk;k% ckyosQfUnzr& f'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA
iz;RuL;kL; lkiQY;a fo|ky;kuka izkpk;kZ.kke~ v;kidkukp rs"kq iz;kls"kq fuHkZja ;=k rs
lokZufi Nk=kku~ LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZf;rq]a dYiuk'khyf;k% fo/krq]a iz'uku~ iz"Vaq p izkRs lkg;fUrA
vLekfHk% vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a ;r~ LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;a p ;fn nh;sr] rfgZ f'k'ko%
o;LoSQ% iznksu Kkusu la;qT; uwrua Kkua l`tfUrA ijh{kk;k% vkkkj% fukkZfjr&ikBiqLrdeso
bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL; fofo/lkkukuka ksrlka p vuknjL; dkj.ks"kq eq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kq
ltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo`ks'p vkkkua rnSo lEHkosr~ ;nk o;a rku~ f'k'kwu~ f'k{k.kizf;k;k%
izfrHkkfxRosu LohoqQ;kZe] u rq fukkZfjrKkuL; xzkgdRosu ,oA
bekfu ms';kfu fo|ky;L; nSfuddk;Zes dk;ZirkS p ifjorZueis{kUrsA ;Fkk nSfud&
le;&lkj.;ka ifjorZu'khyRoe~ visf{kra rFkSo okf"kZddk;Zek.kka fuoZg.ks rRijrk vko';dh
;su f'k{k.kkFk fu;rs"kq dkys"kq oLrqr% f'k{k.ka Hkosr~A f'k{k.kL; ewY;kuL; p fok;%
Kkif;";fUr ;r~ ikBiqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka fo|ky;h;&thous vkuUnkuqHkwR;Fk fd;r~ izHkkfo
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v;kiuk; miyC/&dkyn`"Vk p fofHkUus"kq Lrjs"kq fo"k;KkuL; iqufuZkkZj.ksu iz;Ruks fofgr%A
iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka rs fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kq okrkZ;k%] dk;kZuqHkokfn&xfrfokhuka
p rs izkpq;sZ.k volja nnkfrA ikBiqLrdL;kL; fodklk; fof'k"V;ksxnkuk;
jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqlUkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~ Hkk"kkijke'kZnkr`lfers% v;{kk.kka izk-s ukeojflagegksn;kuka]

iv #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

iv

laLrikBiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka izk-s jkkkoYyHkf=kikfBegkHkkxkuka] ikBiqLrdfuekZ.klfers%

lnL;kukp rs gkfnZoQha rKrka Kki;frA iqLrdL;kL; fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk% vuqHkfou%
f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkua roUr%] rs"kka laLFkkizeq[kku~ laLFkk'p izfr kU;oknks O;kf;rsA
ekuolalkkufodkleU=kky;L; ek;fedksPpf'k{kkfoHkkxsu izks- e`.kkyfejh izks- th-ihns'kik.Msegksn;kuke~ vk;{ks la?kfVrk;k% jkf"V;&i;Zos{k.klfers% lnL;ku~ izfr rs"kka
cgqewY;;ksxnkuk; o;a fo'ks"ks.k rKk%A
ikBiqLrdfodkles mUurLrjk; fujUrja iz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;a iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka rs
mi;qDrrja drq fo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% v;kidS'p izsf"krkuka lRijke'kkZuka lnSo Lokxra
fokkL;frA
uonsgyh
20 uoEcj 2006

funs'kd%
jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% v

IkkB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

v;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr
ukeoj flag] iwoZ v;{k] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osaQnz] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyhA
eq[; ijke'kZd
jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] izkis- Qs lj ,oa v;{k] laLr foHkkx] gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxjA
eq[; leUo;d
jketUe 'kekZ] izkis- Qs lj ,oa v;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA
lnL;
voZQukFk pkS/jh] izkis- Qs lj] jkf"V; laLr laLFkku] t;iqj oSaQil] t;iqjA
jkts'oj izlkn feJ] izokpd (laLr)] oqQ#{ks=k fo'ofo|ky;] gfj;k.kkA
oklqnos 'kkL=kh] laLr izHkkjh (lsokfuo`k)] ,l-vkbZ-bZ-vkj-Vh] mn;iqjA
jkekLokeh vk;axj] funs'kd (vodk'k izkIr)] fpUe; baVjus'kuy iQkma M's ku] csaxyw#A
nq%'kklu vks>k] izkpk;Z] osaQnzh; fo|ky;] iqjh] vksM+h'kkA
lqxU/ ik.Ms;] Vh-th-Vh- (laLr)] oasQnzh; fo|ky;] dk'khiqj] m/e flag uxj]
mkjk[kaM A
iq#"kkske feJ] Vh-th-Vh- (laLr)] jk-ck-ek-fc-] dknhiqj] fnYyhA
latw feJ] Vh-th-Vh- (laLr)] ,-ih-ts- LowQy] lSDVj 16&,] uks,MkA
lnL; ,oa leUo;d
j.kftr csgsjk] izoDrk (laLr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

vi #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

vi

ikB~;iqLrd iqujh{k.k lfefr

jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] oqQyifr] jkf"V; laLr laLFkku (ekfur fo'ofo|ky;)] tudiqjh]
u;h fnYyhA
jketUe 'kekZ] izkis - sQlj ,oa v;{k] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh] u;h fnYyhA
mek'kadj 'kekZ f"k] iwoZ foHkkxk;{k] laLr foHkkx] iVuk fo'ofo|ky;] iVukA
".k pUnz f=kikBh] izkis - sQlj (laLr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA
lqjs'k pUnz 'kekZ] funs'kd] fnYyh laLr vdkneh] >aMsokyku] u;h fnYyhA
iadt dqekj feJ] ofj"B izoDrk (laLr)] lsaV LVh-iasQl dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;]
fnYyhA
jk?kosUnz iziUu] izoDrk] ,e-oh- dkWyst vkWi- Q ,tqosQ'ku] xhrk dkyksuh] fnYyhA
iwokZ Hkkj}kt] fujarj] u;h fnYyhA
j.kftr csgjs k (leUo;d)] izoDrk (laLr)] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

vkHkkj
jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa ,oa f'k{kdksa
fo'ks"kr% izkis - sQlj jktsUnz feJ] iwoZ dqyifr] lEiw.kkZuUn laLr fo'ofo|ky;] okjk.klh_
bPNkjke f}osnh] izokpd] Jh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh jkf"V; laLr fo|kihB] u;h fnYyh ,oa
ukjk;.k nk'k] f'k{kd (laLr)] loZdkjh; mPp fo|ky;] xqEek] xtifr] vksM+h'kk osQ izzfr
rKrk Kkfir djrh gS] ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa viuk lf; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ifj"kn~ MkW- g"kZnso ek/o osQ izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrh gS] ftudh jpukvksa ls
bl iqLrd esa ikB~;&lkexzh yh xbZ gSA
iqLrd dh fuekZ.k&;kstuk ls ysdj izdk'ku i;ZUr fofo/ dk;ks esa ;Fkkle; lf;
Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, laLr ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr osQ leUo;d o muosQ foHkkxh;
lg;ksxh deykdkUr feJ] izkis - sQlj ,oa ".kpUnz f=kikBh] izokpd (laLr) lk/qokn osQ
ik=k gSaA iqLrd fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx osQ fy, ijljke dkSf'kd] izHkkjh] oaQI;wVj LVss'ku] Hkk"kk
foHkkx_ vkyksd oqQekj 'kekZ] 'kks/ lgk;d rFkk Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj ujsUnz oqQekj oekZ]
jktho ,oa deys'k vk;kZ /U;okn osQ ik=k gaSA

vii

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% vii

Hkwfedk
Hkkjr ,d cgqjaxh jk"V gSA ,sls esa dksbZ Hkh ikB~;iqLrd ,djaxh vkSj likV ugha gks ldrhA
f'k{kk'kkL=k dk foe'kZ Hkh ;g ekurk gS fd v;;u&v;kiu osQ e esa fo|kfFZk;ksa dh
i`"BHkwfe ,oa ifjos'k dks vxj Bhd rjhosQ ls 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk rks og KkukRed
Lrj ij cksf>y gks tkrk gSA 1993 esa ;'kiky lfefr us viuh fjiksVZ (f'k{kk fcuk cks>
osQ) esa bldh vksj ;ku fnyk;k gSA blosQ vuqlkj lh[kus&fl[kkus osQ e esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa
osQ lUnHkZ dks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk osQfUnzr ego j[krk gSA jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk
(2005) Hkh lq>krh gS fd cPps&cfPp;ksa osQ Ldwyh thou dks ckgj dh nqfu;k ls thoar
:i ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A
laLr dh #fpjk k`a[kyk dh rhuksa iqLrosaQ mijksDr oSpkfjd vk/kj ij fodflr dh
xbZ gSA bl k`a[kyk dh igyh iqLrd #fpjk izFkeks Hkkx% vkiosQ lkeus izLrqr gSA vius uke
osQ vuq:i bls #fpdj cukus dk ;FkklaHko iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA iqLrd&fuekZ.k dk eq[;
ms'; ;g jgk gS fd laLr osQ ljy okD;ksa dks le>us] cksyus] i<+us vkSj fy[kus dh
fo|kfFZk;ksa dh {kerk osQ fodkl esa ;g lgk;d gksA ;gk laLr Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k ij cy gS] u
fd f=ke :i ls ;k vkuq"kafxd :i ls uSfrd ewY; nsus osQ ek;e osQ :i esa laLr fl[kkus
dk iz;klA ml izf;k esa oLrqr% laLr Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k xkS.k gks tkrk gSA
laLr Hkk"kk ftruh gh iqjkru gS] mruh gh og vius dks fpj uohu Hkh cukrh vkbZ
gSA fo'kky oSfnd ok~e; laaLr dkO; dh vewY; fuf/ gSA dkfynkl] HkoHkwfr] ek?k]
Hkkl] ck.kHk^] Hkr`Zgfj tSls egku~ jpukdkjksa dh fr;k laLr dh mnkkrk dk ifjp; nsrh
gSaA buosQ vykok cgqr ,sls vKkr dfo gq, gSa ftUgksaus lkekU; tu dh NksVh&NksVh
bPNkvksa] liuksa ,oa dfBukb;ksa dks Hkh Loj fn;k gSA laLr osQ vk/qfud ys[ku esa ;g
yksd/kjk vkSj eq[kj gqbZ gSA ;gh ugha laLr orZeku thou vkSj gekjs lalkj dks le>us
igpkuus osQ fy;s Hkh ,d vPNk ek;e cuus dh {kerk j[krh gSA blfy, ^#fpjk*
k`a[kyk esa rhuksa iqLrdksa esa vki e'k% lkfgR; esa pyh vk jgh fofo/ /kjkvksa dh Nfo;k
ik,xsA blesa oqQN nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ls vuwfnr va'k Hkh fy, x, gSaA
#fpjk izFkeks Hkkx% esa oqQy 15 ikB gSaA buesa ikp i|ikB gSa vkSj 'ks"k x|ikBA
i|ikBksa esa fofo/rk gSA o`{kk% vkSj ekrqypUnz% 'kh"kZd ls nks xhr gSa tks cPpksa dks ilan

#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

viii

viii

vk,xsA f"kdk% deZohjk% 'kh"kZd xhr esa Hkkjr osQ L=kh ,oa iq#"k fdlku nksuksa dh ckr dh
xbZ gSA lkekU; rkSj ij L=kh dks fdlku osQ :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrk] tcfd okLrfodrk ;g
gS fd [ksrh osQ vf/dka'k dkeksa esa fL=k;ksa dk Je yxrk gSA yksdeXye~ ,slk i|ikB gS
ftlesa osn] mifu"kn~ vkSj ykSfdd lkfgR; ls fy, x, 'yksd gSaA ;g ikB lc yksxksa dks
lacksf/r djrk gS] u fd fdlh fo'ks"k] oxZ] tkfr] /eZ ;k fyX osQ yksxksa dksA lEiw.kZ ekuo
txr~ gh ugha] bldh ifjf/ esa lEiw.kZ pjkpj czk.M gSA lwfDrLrod ikB esa ijEijk ls
pyh vk jgh lwfDr;ksa dk ladyu bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS fd os fo|kfFZk;ksa esa thou dh
c/h&c/kbZ n`f"V nsus dk ek;e u cusaA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij igyh gh lwfDr crkrh gS
fd ;fn cPph@cPpk Hkh mfpr ckr dgs rks mls cM+ksa dks xzg.k djuk pkfg,A Hkko ;g
fd o;Ld osQfUnzr Kku ek=k dh izfr"Bk ikB~;iqLrd }kjk u gks] bldk ;ku j[kk x;k gSA
x|kRed ikBksa esa rhu dFkk, gSa] nks fucU/ ikB gSa vkSj nks laoknkRed ikBA
cdL; izrhdkj%] n'ke% Roe~ vfl vkSj vgg vk% p 'kh"kZd rhu dFkk, gSaA cdL;
izrhdkj% dFkk yksdizpfyr gSA lEHko gS fd fo|kfFZk;ksa us viuh ?kj&ckgj dh Hkk"kkvksa esa
bl dFkk osQ fofo/ laLdj.k lqus&i<+s gksaxsA n'ke% Roe~ vfl dFkk esa ,d ifFkd cPpksa
dks fxurh fxuus esa lg;ksx djrk gSA ;gk ;g vk'k; dnkfi ugha gS fd cPps ew[kZ gSa vkSj
mudh rFkkdfFkr leL;kvksa dk lek/ku o;Ld gh djrs gSaA lh[kus&fl[kkus dh izf;k
ls ysdj O;ogkj rd esa cPps&cfPp;ksa rFkk o;Ldksa dh Hkwfedk lg;ksxh dh gksrh gSA
vgg vk% p ,d d'ehjh yksddFkk gSA yksdcqf lkk vkSj mlosQ 'kks"k.krU=k dks pqukSrh
nsrh gS] ;g bl ikB ls mHkjdj lkiQ vkrk gSA
fuca/kRed nks ikB gSa leqnzrV% vkSj iq"iksRlo%A leqnzrV osQoy i;ZVu LFky ugha
gSA ;g vkthfodk ls Hkh tqM+k gS] bldk laosQr bl ikB esa feyrk gSA iq"iksRlo% (iQwy
okyksa dh lSj) ,d ,slk mRlo gS tks Hkkjr dh feyh&tqyh laLfr dk izrhd gSA gkykfd
;g esyk cM+s iSekus ij ugha euk;k tkrk] ijUrq ;g egoiw.kZ gSA ;g ikB lalr dk
ledkyhu thou ls Hkh tqM+ko Hkh iznf'Zkr djrk gSA laoknkRed ikBksa esa hMkLi/kZ iqLrd
osQ izkjfEHkd Hkkx esa gh gSA blesa cPps LowQy esa gksusokys [ksy dh izfr;ksfxrkvksa dh ppkZ
djrs gSaA ;s tks cPps gSa os lekt osQ fofHkUu leqnk;ksa osQ gSaA muesa iwju uke osQ ,d cPps
dh fo'ks"k vko';drk, gSaA vHkh rd laLr esa fo'ks"k vko';drkokyksa osQ fy, fodykax
'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ijUrq bl 'kCn ls ghurk dk cks/ gksrk gSA bldh txg
laLr esa vU;FkkleFkZ% in dk iz;ksx ;gk fd;k x;k gSA vXy
q h;de~ izkIre~ 'kh"kZd nwljk

ix

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% ix

laoknkRed ikB egkdfo dkfynkl osQ izfl ukVd vfHkKku'kkdqUrye~ dk va'k gSA
fo|kfFZk;ksa dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, bldh Hkk"kk ljy djosQ ;gk nh xbZ gSA dkj.k] ;g iqLrd
Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k dk izFke lksiku gh gSA mkjkskj d{kkvksa esa Hkk"kk dkS'ky lh[krs gq, fo|kFkhZ
vis{kkr tfVy vfHkO;fDr;ksas dks lgt :i ls xzg.k dj ik,xsA
bl iqLrd osQ izkjfEHkd rhu ikBksa esa ,sls 'kCnksa dks lesVus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS
tks fo|kfFZk;ksa osQ nSuafnu thou lss tqM+s gSaA oqQN :f<+c /kj.kkvksa ls vyx gVdj ubZ
Hkwfedkvksa esa yksxksa dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;Fkk pkfydk 'kCnA blosQ lkFk fn;k x;k fp=k vFkZ
dk foLrkj djrs gq, VSDlh pykrh fL=k;ksa dks n'kkZrk gSA ;|fi lkekftd :f<+;ksa osQ dkj.k
mudh la[;k de gSA blh rjg ?kj dh dksbZ ,d ifjdYiuk ugha gksrhA x`gfoghu yksxksa
osQ fy, foJkex`g osQ :i esa jSucsljk gh ?kj gSA mls iqLrd esa txg nh xbZ gSA
dfBu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ&cks/ djkus gsrq Nk=kksa dh lqfo/k osQ fy, izR;sd ikB osQ vUr
esa fn;k x;k 'kCnkFkZ (laLr&fgUnh&vaxzsth) bl iqLrd dh fo'ks"krk gSA iqLrd osQ vUr
esa ifjf'k"V :i esa dkjd vkSj foHkfDr;ksa dk lkekU; ifjp; fn;k x;k gS ftlls Nk=k
buosQ vUrj dks le> losaQA ikB osQ vUr esa fn, x, vH;kl Hkh osQoy rF;kRed ugha
gSA fo|kFkhZ ikBksa esa mBk, x, fopkjksa ij ;ku nsa vkSj vius vuqlkj mls le>us dk iz;kl
djsa] ;gh vis{kk gSA blesa f'k{kd&f'kf{kdkvksa dh lf; lgHkkfxrk vko';d gSA

f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk
dksbZ Hkh ikB~;e rFkk iqLrd fdruh gh oSKkfud vkSj lq#fpiw.kZ D;ksa u gks] v;kiu&dk;Z
esa f'k{kd dh Hkwfedk vR;Ur egoiw.kZ gksrh gSA tgk v;kiu dh liQyrk osQ fy,
rduhdh 'kSyh ls ;qDr ikB~;iqLrdksa dh vis{kk jgrh gS] ogha nwljh vksj ikB~;iqLrdksa esa
fufgr O;kdj.k&lEcU/h fcUnqvksa vkSj Hkkf"kd roksa osQ izk;ksfxd vH;kl gsrq oqQ'ky
v;kiu 'kSyh Hkh visf{kr gSA vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd f'k{kdx.k izLrqr iqLrd osQ ek;e
ls Hkk"kk osQ visf{kr dkS'kyksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa rd igqpkus esa viuk vewY; lg;ksx iznku
djsaxsA dFkk&izlksa rFkk xhrksa dks n;e cukus osQ fy, ;Fkkolj n`';&JO; ;kfU=kd
ek;eksa dk mi;ksx visf{kr gSA tks ikB laokn&ijd gSa mudk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vfHku; Hkh
djk;k tk ldrk gSA
;|fi bl ladyu dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ vuq:i cukus dk iw.kZ iz;kl fd;k x;k gS]
rFkkfi bldks vkSj vf/d fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vuqHkoh laLr
v;kidksa osQ cgqewY; lq>koksa dk ge lrr Lokxr djsaxsA

ikBkuqef.kdk

izFke% ikB%
f}rh;% ikB%
r`rh;% ikB%
prqFkZ% ikB%
ipe% ikB%
"k"B% ikB%
lIre% ikB%
v"Ve% ikB%
uoe% ikB%
n'ke% ikB%
,dkn'k% ikB%
}kn'k% ikB%
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
prqnZ'k% ikB%
ipn'k% ikB%

iqjksoko~Q
Hkwfedk
vdkjkUr&iqfYyX%
vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX%
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX%
hMkLi/kZ (loZuke;ksx%)
o`{kk%
leqnzrV% (r`rh;k&prqFkhZfoHkfDr%)
cdL; rhdkj% (vO;;;ksx%)
lwfDrLrod%
vXqyh;oaQ kIre~ (ipeh&"k"BhfoHkfDr%)
f"kdk% deZohjk%
iq"iksRlo% (lIreh&foHkfDr%)
n'ke% Roe~ vfl (la[;kokfpinkfu)
yksdeXye~
vgg vk% p
ekrqypUnz!! (ckyxhre~)

ifjf'k"Ve~

dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p

iii
vii

1
9
16
23
30
35
41
46
51
58
63
68
74
78
83
88

Blank

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% 1

Fke% ikB%

~x%
vdkjkUr&iqfYy
Yy~
,"k% d%\
,"k% p"kd%A
fde~ ,"k% c`gr~\
u] ,"k% y?kq%A
l% d%\
l% lkSfpd%A
lkSfpd% d djksfr\
d l% [ksyfr\
u] l% oL=ka lhO;frA
,rkS dkS\
,rkS 'kqudkS Lr%A
fde~ ,rkS xtZr%\
u] ,rkS mPpS% cqDdr%A
rkS dkS\
rkS cyhonkSZ Lr%A
d rkS /kor%\
u] rkS {ks=ka d"kZr%A

2 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

,rs osQ\
,rs L;wrk% lfUrA
fde~ ,rs gfjro.kkZ%\
ufg] ,rs uhyo.kkZ% lfUrA

rs osQ\
rs o`k% lfUrA
d rs xk;fUr\
ufg rs glfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%
p"kd%

fxykl

glass

c`gn~
lkSfpd%
[ksyfr
lhO;fr
'kqudkS
xtZr%
mPpS%

cM+k
nthZ
[ksyrk gS
flykbZ djrk gS
nks oqQks
xjtrs gaS
tksj ls

large
tailor
play
sews
two dogs
roar
loudly

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% 3

,rkS
cqDdr%
cyhonkSZ
/kor%
d"kZr%

;s nksuksa
HkkSadrs gSa
nks cSy
nkSM+rs gSa
tksrrs gSa] tksr jgs gSa

these two

o`k%
xk;fUr
glfUr
L;wrk%
gfjro.kkZ%
uhyo.kkZ%

cw<+s
xkrs gSa] xk;u djrs gSa
glrs gSa
FkSys
gjs jax osQ
uhys jax osQ

old men

bark
two oxen
run
plough

sing
laugh
bags
of green colour
of blue clour

vH;kl%
1- (d) mPpkj.ka oqQ#rA
Nk=k%

xt%

?kV%

f'k{kd%

edj%

nhid%

e;wj%

fcMky%

v'o%

'kqd%

ew"kd%

pUnz%

ckyd%

pkyd%

xk;d%

4 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

([k) fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok inkfu mPpkj;rA

"kd%

o`"kHk%

HkYywd%

e.Mwd%

diksr%

i;Z%

nwjHkk"k%

dkd%

lkSfpd%

2- (d) o.kZl;
a kstusu ina fy[kr&
;Fkk& p~ $ v $ "k~ $ v $ o~Q $ v%

l~ $ vkS $ p~ $ b $ o~Q $ v%

'k~ $ m $ u~ $ v $ o~Q $ vkS

/~ $ vk $ o~ $ v $ r~ $ v%

p"kd%

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% 5

o~ $ $ n~ $ /~ $ vk%

x~ $ vk $ ;~ $ u~ $ r~ $ b

([k) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

y~ $ v $ ?k~ $ m%
;Fkk& y?kq%
lhO;fr
o.kkZ%
oqQDOkqQjkS
e;wjk%
ckyd%

y
?kq%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- mnkgj.ka n`"V~ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

p"kdkS
;Fkk& p"kd%
---------------cyhonkSZ
---------------'kqud%
---------------------------------------------lkSfpdkS
---------------e;wj%

p"kdk%
------------------------------e`xk%
-------------------------------

4- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLrinkfu fy[kr&

---------------------

---------------------

---------------------

6 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

--------------------5- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& ckyd% d djksfs r\

ckyd% iBfrA

v'okS d oqQ#r%\
-----------------------------------

oqQDoqQjk% d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------------

---------------------

---------------------

vdkjkUr&iqfYyX% 7

Nk=kkS d oqQ#r%\
-----------------------------------

"kd% d djksfr\
-----------------------------------

xtkS d oqQ#r%\
-----------------------------------

6- inkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

xtk%

u`R;fUr

lgkS

xk;fr

xk;d%

iBr%

ckydkS

pyfUr

e;wjk%

xtZr%

8 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

7- etw"kkr% ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

u`R;fUr

xtZr%
(d) e;wjk% --------------A
([k) xtkS --------------A
(x) o`{kk% --------------A

/kofr

pyr%

iQyfUr
[kknfr
(?k) lgkS --------------A
() okuj% --------------A
(p) v'o% --------------A

8- l%] rkS] rs bR;srHs ;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

&
l% /kofrA
;Fkk& v'o% /kofr
-------------- pyfUrA
(d) xtk% pyfUrA
&
([k) Nk=kkS iBr%A

&

-------------- iBr%A

(x) okujk% hMfUrA

&

-------------- hMfUrA

(?k) xk;d% xk;frA

&

-------------- xk;frA

() e;wjk% u`R;fUrA

&

-------------- u`R;fUrA

;krO;e~
(d) laLrs =khf.k fykfu HkofUr& iqfYya] L=khfya] uiqaldfypA
([k) laLrs =k;% iq#"kk% HkofUr& izFkeiq#"k%] e;eiq#"k%] mkeiq#"k'pA
(x) laLrs =khf.k opukfu HkofUr& ,dopua] f}opua] cgqopupA

vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 9

f}rh;% ikB%

~x%
vkdkjkUr&L=hfy
vkdkjkUr&L=hfy~
,"kk dk\
,"kk nksykA
nksyk oqQ=k vfLr\
nksyk mious vfLrA

lk dk\
lk ?kfVdkA
?kfVdk d lwp;fr\
?kfVdk le;a lwp;frA

,rs osQ\
fde~ ,rs dksfdys\
u] ,rs pVosQA
pVosQ d oqQ#r%\
,rs fogjr%A

10 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

rs
rs
rs
rs

osQ\
pkfyosQ Lr%A
d oqQ#r%\
okgua pky;r%A
,rk% dk%\
,rk% LFkkfydk%A
fde~ ,rk% xksykdkjk%\
vke~] ,rk% xksykdkjk% ,oA

rk%
rk%
rk%
rk%

dk%\
vtk%A
d oqQoZfURk\
pjfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ%
,"kk
nksyk
oqQ=k
mious
?kfVdk

&
&
&
&
&

;g (L=kh-)
>wyk
dgk
cxhps esa
?kM+h

this
swing
where
in the garden
clock

vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 11

lwp;fr
dksfdys
,rs
pVosQ
oqQ#r%
fogjr%
pkfyosQ
pky;r%
,rk%
LFkkfydk%
vke~
,o
vtk%
pjfUr

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lwfpr djrh gS
nks dks;y
;s (f}opu] L=kh-)
nks xkSjS;k
djrh gSa
iqQnd jgh gSa
nks efgyk MkbZoj
pykrh gSa
;s (cgqopu] L=kh-)
Fkkfy;k
gk
gh
cdfj;k
pjrh gSa

indicates
two cuckoos
these
two sparrows
do
hopping
female driver
drive
these
plates
yes
only
goats
graze

vH;kl%
1- (d) mPpkj.ka oqQ#rA
Nk=kk

yrk

iz;ksx'kkyk

ysf[kdk

f'k{kdk

isfVdk

ekyk

lsfodk

ukSdk

Nqfjdk

dfydk

xkf;dk

12 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

([k) fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok inkfu mPpkj;rA

lwfpdk

fiihfydk

oqQfpdk

f}pfdk

mRihfBdk

ef{kdk

vfXuisfVdk

ekfidk

oh.kk

2- (d) o.kZla;kstua Rok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

;Fkk& o~Q $ m $ j~ $ m $ r~ $ v%

m $ n~ $ ;~ $ vk $ u~ $ ,

l~ $ Fk~ $ vk $ y~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk

?k~ $ v $ V~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk

l~ $ r~ $ j~ $ bZ $ y~ $ b $ ~ $ x~ $ v%

e~ $ vk $ i~ $ b $ o~Q $ vk

oqQ#r%

vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 13

([k) inkuka o.kZfoPNsna izn'kZ;r&

;Fkk& dksfdys
o~Q $ vks $ oQ~ $ b $ y~ $ ,
dks
pVosQ
/kfodk%
oqQfpdk
[kV~ok
Nqfjdk

fd
ys
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fp=ka n`"V~ok laLrina fy[kr&

---------------

---------------

---------------

---------------

---------------

---------------

4- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk&

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

yrk

yrs

yrk%

xhrk

-------------------

-------------------

-------------------

isfVosQ

-------------------

14 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

-------------------

-------------------

[kV~ok%

lk

-------------------

-------------------

------------------jksfVosQ
5- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok okD;a iwj;r&

-------------------

;Fkk& ckfydk iBfrA (ckfydk@ckfydk%)

(d) ----------------- pjr%A (vtk%@vts)
([k) ----------------- lfUrA (f}pfosQ@f}pfdk%)
(x) ----------------- pyfrA (ukSosQ@ukSdk)
(?k) ----------------- vfLrA (lwfposQ@lwfpdk)
() ----------------- mRirfUrA (ef{kdk%@ef{kosQ)
6- lk] rs] rk% bR;ssrsH;% mfpra loZukeina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& yrk vfLrA

&

lk vfLrA

(d) efgyk% /kofUrA

&

------------- /kofUrA

([k) lq/k onfrA

&

------------- onfrA

(x) tofuosQ nksyr%A

&

------------- nksyr%A

(?k) fiihfydk% pyfUrA

&

------------- pyfUrA

() pVosQ owQtr%A

&

------------- owQtr%A

vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX% 15

7- etw"kkr% drZ`ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

ysf[kdk

ckyd%

lgk%

f=kpfdk

iq"iekyk%

(d) --------------- lfUrA

([k) --------------- i';frA
(x) --------------- fy[kfrA
(?k) --------------- xtZfUrA
() --------------- pyfrA
8- etw"kkr% drZ`inkuqlkja f;kina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
xk;r%

u`R;fr

(d) lkSE;k --------------------A

([k) pVosQ -----------------A
(x) ckfyosQ --------------A
(?k) Nk=kk% -----------------A
() tuk% ------------------A

fy[kfUr

i';fUr

fogjr%

16 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

r`rh;% ikB%

~x%
vdkjkUr&uiqaldfy
dfy~
,rr~ fde~\
,rr~ [kfu=ke~ vfLr\
Jfedk [kfu=ka pky;frA

rr~ fde~\
rr~ foJkex`ge~ vfLrA
fde~ v=k fHkfkde~ vfLr\
v=k fHkfkoaQ u vfLrA
,rs osQ\
,rs vq y
h;osQ Lr%A
lqo.kZdkj% vq y
h;osQ jp;frA
rs
rs
rs
rs

osQ\
cl;kus Lr%A
cl;kus oqQ=k xPNr%\
jsyLFkkuoaQ xPNr%A

vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX% 17

,rkfu dkfu\
,rkfu djoL=kkf.k lfUrA
fde~ ,rkfu iqjk.kkfu\
u] ,rkfu rq uwrukfuA

rkfu dkfu\
rkfu dnyhiQykfu lfUrA
d rkfu e/qjkf.k\
vke~] rkfu e/qjkf.k iks"kdkf.k pA

'kCnkFkkZ%
,rr~ (uiq-a )
foJkex`ge~
v=k
fHkfkde~
[kfu=ke~
Jfedk
pky;fr
,rs
cl;kus

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

;g
foJkeky;
;gk
?ksjk] nhokj
oqQnky] [kUrh
etnwjuh
pykrh gS
;s nksukas
nks clsa

it
night shelter
here
fence, wall
digging axe
female labour
moves/uses
these two
two buses

18 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

oqQ=k
xPNr%
jsyLFkkude~
vXyh;os
Q
q
Lr%
lqo.kZdkj%
,rkfu
dnyhiQykfu
e/qjkf.k
iks"kdkf.k
djoL=kkf.k
iqjk.kkfu
uwrukfu

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

dgk
tk jgs gS@a tk jgh gSa
LVs'ku
nks vxfw B;k
gSa
lqukj@lksukj
;s (uiq-a ] cgq-)
osQys osQ iQy
ehBs@vPNs
iks"kd
#eky
iqjkus
u;s

where
are going
railway station
two rings
are
goldsmith
these
bananas
sweet
naurishment
handkerchiefs
old
new

vH;kl%
1- (d) mPpkj.ka oqQ#rA
iQye~

x`ge~

ik=ke~

iq"ie~

}kje~

foekue~

deye~

iQye~

lw=ke~

N=ke~

Hkoue~

tye~

vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX% 19

([k) fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok inkfu mPpkj;rA

i.kZe~

hMude~

ukfjosQye~

l. kde~

okrk;ue~

lksikue~

m|kue ~

mius=ke~

dr e~

2- (d) o.kZla;kstua Rok ina dks"BosQ fy[kr&

;Fkk& i~ $ v $ j~ $ .k~ $ v $ e~

[k~ $ v $ u~ $ b $ r~ $ j~ $ v $ e~

i~ $ m $ j~ $ vk $ .k~ $ vk $ u~ $ b

i.kZe~

20 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

i~~ $ vks $ "k~ $ v $ o~Q $ vk $ .k $ b

o~Q $ v $ ~ $ o~Q $ v $ r~ $ v $ e~

([k) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka o.kZfoPNsna oqQ#r&

;Fkk& O;tue~
iqLrde~

o~ $ ;~ $ v $ t~ $ v $ u~ $ v $ e~
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

fHkfkde~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------uwrukfu ----------------------------------------------------------------------okrk;ue~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------mius=ke~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------3- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok laLrinkfu fy[kr&

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

vdkjkUr&uiqaldfyX% 21

4- fp=ka n`"V~ok mkja fy[kr&

;Fkk& d irfr\
-----------------------------

e;wjkS d oqQ#r%A
-----------------------------

,rs osQ Lr%\

-----------------------------

ckfydk% d oqQoZfUr\
-----------------------------

dkfu fodlfUr\
-----------------------------

22 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja okD;kfu jp;r&

;Fkk& ,rr~ irfrA

(cgqopus)

&

,rkfu irfUrA

(d) ,rs i.ksZ Lr%A

(cgqopus)

&

------------------------------

([k) e;wj% u`R;frA

(cgqopus)

&

------------------------------

(x) ,rkfu ;kukfuA

(f}opus)s

&

------------------------------

(?k) Nk=ks fy[kr%A

(cgqopus)

&

------------------------------

() ukfjosQya irfrA

(f}opus)

&

------------------------------

6- mfprinkfu la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

dksfdys

fodlfr

iou%

u`R;fUr

iq"ie~

mRirfr

[kx%

ogfr

e;wjk%

xtZfUr

lgk%

owQtr%

hMkLi/kZ 23

prqFkZ% ikB%

hMkLi/kkZ
loZukeiz;ksx%

gqek
bUnj%

& ;w;a oqQ=k xPNFk\

& o;a fo|ky;a xPNke%A

isQdu% &
jkepj.k% &
izlUuk &
jkepj.k% &
izlUuk &
isQdu% &

r=k hMkLi/kZ% lfUrA o;e~~ vfi [ksfy";ke%A

d Li/kZ% osQoya ckyosQH;% ,o lfUr\
ufg] ckfydk% vfi [ksfy";fUrA
d ;w;a losZ ,dfLeu~ nys LFk\ vFkok i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q nys\
r=k ckfydk% ckydk% p fefyRok [ksfy";fUrA
vke~] cSMeVu&hMk;ka ee lgHkkfxuh twyh vfLrA

24 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

izlUuk

bUnj%
gqek
isQdu%

& ,rn~ vfrfjDra dcah] fu;q]a fosQVa] ikndUnqoQa ] gLrdUnqoQa ]

prqj% bR;kn;% Li/kZ% HkfOk";fUrA

& gqe!s d Roa u hMfl\ ro Hkfxuh rq ee i{ks hMfrA

& ufg] ea pyfp=ka jksprsA ije~ v=k vga n'kZd:is.k LFkkL;kfeA
& vgks! iwju% oqQ=k vfLr\ d l% dL;kefi Li/kZ;ka izfrHkkxh
ukfLr\
jkepj.k% & l% nz"Vqa u 'kDuksfrA rLeS vLekoaQ fo|ky;s iBuk; rq
fo'ks"kO;oLFkk orZrAs ija hMk;S izcU/% ukfLrA
gqek
& v;a dFkefi u U;k;lr %A iwju% l{ke%] ija izcU/L;
vHkkokr~ hfMrqa u 'kDuksfrA
bUnj% & vLekoaQ rkn`'kkfu vusdkfu fe=kkf.k lfUrA oLrqr% rkfu
vU;FkkleFkkZfuA
isQdu% & vr% o;a losZ izkpk; feyke%A ra dFk;ke%A 'kh?kzeos rs"kka rs
O;oLFkk Hkfo";frA

hMkLi/kZ 25

'kCnkFkkZ%
Li/kZ%
;w;e~
o;e~
[ksfy";ke%
fefyRok
fu;qe~
ikndUnqde~
gLrdUnqde~
prqj%
pyfp=ke~
LFkkL;kfe
nz"Vqe~
U;k;lr%
rkn`'kkfu
vU;FkkleFkkZfu

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

izfr;ksfxrk,
rqe lc
ge lc
[ksyxas s
feydj
twMks
iqQVcky
okWyhcky
psl
flusek
jgwx h@jgwx k
ns[kus osQ fy,
mfpr
oSls
fHkUu rjhosQ ls ;ksX;

competitions
you all
we all
shall play
together
judo
football
volleyball
chess
cinema
shall stay
to see
lawful, proper
similar
differently able

vU;FkkleFkZ%&;g 'kCn oLrqr% vaxt

sz h osQ differently able dk cks/d gSA
tks izk;'k% fodykax osQ fy;s iz;ksx esa yk;k tk jgk gSA

vH;kl%

26 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vge~

vkoke~

o;e~

eke~

vkoke~

vLeku~

ee

vko;ks%

vLekde~

Roe~

;qoke~

;w;e~

Roke~

;qoke~

;q"eku~

ro

;qo;ks%

;q"ekde~

2- funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga hMkfeA

&

(cgqopus)

&

o;a hMke%A

(d) vga u`R;kfeA

&

(cgqopus)

&

--------------------------------

([k) Roa iBflA

&

(cgqopus)

&

--------------------------------

(x) ;qoka xPNFk%A

&

(,dopus)

&

--------------------------------

(?k) vLekda iqLrdkfuA &

(,dopus)

&

--------------------------------

() ro x`ge~A

(f}opus)

&

--------------------------------

&

hMkLi/kZ 27

3- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra 'kCna fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) -------------------- iBkfeA (o;e~@vge~)
([k) -------------------- xPNFk%A (;qoke~@;w;e~)
(x) ,rr~ -------------------- iqLrde~A (eke~@ee)
(?k) -------------------- hMudkfuA (;q"eku~@;q"ekde~)
() -------------------- Nk=ks Lo%A (o;e~@vkoke~)
4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&
;w;e~

ys[ka

i';kfe

o;e~

f'kf{kdka

jp;ke%

;qoke~

nwjn'kZua

dFkf;";Fk%

vge~

dFkka

ifB";ko%

Roe~

iqLroaQ

ysf[k";fl

vkoke~

fp=kkf.k

uaL;Fk

5- mfprinS% okD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

ee

ro

vko;ks%

;Fkk& ,"kk ee iqfLrdkA

(d) ,rr~ ------------------------ x`ge~A

;qo;ks%

vLekde~

;q"ekde~

28 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

([k) ------------------------ eS=kh n`<kA

(x) ,"k% ------------------------ fo|ky;%A
(?k) ,"kk ------------------------ v;kfidkA
() Hkkjre~ ------------------------ ns'k%A
(p) ,rkfu ------------------------ iqLrdkfuA
6- okD;kfu jp;r&
,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

(d) Roa ys[ka ysf[k";flA

---------------------------------------A

--------------------------A

([k) ------------------------------A

vkoke~ oL=ks /kjf;";ko%A

--------------------------A

(x) vga iqLroaQ ifB";kfeA

----------------------------------------A --------------------------A

(?k) -------------------------------A

rs iQys [kkfn";Fk%A

() ee x`ga lqUnje~A

----------------------------------------A -------------------------A

(p) -------------------------------A

----------------------------------------A ;w;a xfe";FkA

--------------------------A

hMkLi/kZ 29

7- ,dopuinL; cgqopuina] cgqopuinL; ,dopuina p fy[kr&

;Fkk&

,"k%
l%

,rs
--------------

rk%

--------------

Roe~

--------------

,rk%

--------------

ro

--------------

vLekde~

--------------

rkfu

--------------

30 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

ipe% ikB%

o`{kk%
ous ous fuolUrks o`{kk%A
oua oua jp;fUr o`{kk% AA1AA
'kk[kknksyklhuk fogxk%A
rS% fdefi owQtfUr o`{kk% AA2AA
ficfUr ioua tya lUrre~A
lk/qtuk bo losZ o`{kk% AA3AA
Li`'kfUr iknS% ikrkya pA
uHk% f'kjLlq ogfUr o`{kk% AA4AA
i;ksniZ.ks LoizfrfcEce~
dkSroq Qs u i';fUr o`{kk% AA5AA
izlk;Z LoPNk;klaLrj.ke~A
oqQoZfUr lRdkja o`{kk%A AA6AA
MkW- g"kZnos ek/o%

o`{kk% 31

'kCnkFkkZ%
ous ous
fuolUr%
jp;fUr
'kk[kk
nksyk
vklhuk%
fogxk%
fdefi
owQtfUr
lUrre~
lk/qtuk%
bo
ficfUr
Li`'kfUr
uHk%
f'kjLlq
ogfUr
i;ksniZ.ks
LoizfrfcEce~
i';fUr

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

izR;sd ou esa
jgrs gq,@jgus okys
jprs gS]a cukrs gSa
Mkfy;k] Vgfu;k
>wyk
cSBs gq,
i{khx.k
oqQN Hkh
owQdrs gS@a owQdrh gSa
fujUrj@yxkrkj
riLoh yksx
dh rjg
ihrs gSa
Li'kZ djrs gSa
vkdk'k dks
flj ij
<ksrs gSa
ty:ih niZ.k@vkbZus esa
vius izfrfcEc dks
ns[krs gSa

in each forest
living
make
branches
swing
sitting
birds
anything/something
chirp
always
sages
like
drink
touch
the sky
on head
carry
in mirror-like water
ones own image
see, look at

32 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

dkSro
q Qs u
&
izlk;Z
&
LoPNk;klaLrj.ke~ &
(Lo$PNk;k$laLrj.ke~)
lRdkje~
&

vk'p;Z
iSQykdj
viuh Nk;k :ih
fcLrjs dks
vknj

with wonder
expanding
own shadows-bed
respect

vH;kl%
1- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
,dopue~
;Fkk&

;Fkk&

oue~
-------------

f}opue~

cgqopue~

ous

oukfu
-------------

fcEce~

tys
-------------

o`{ke~
-------------

o`{kkS
-------------

-------------

tukS

------------o`{kku~
iouku~
-------------

2- dks"BosQ"kq iznk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& vga jksfVdka [kknkfeA (jksfVdk)
(d) Roa ---------------------- ficflA (ty)
([k) Nk=k% ---------------------- i';frA (nwjn'kZu)

o`{kk% 33

(x) o`{kk% ----------------------ficfUrA (iou)

(?k) rk% ---------------------- fy[kfURkA (dFkk)
() vkoke~ ---------------------- xPNko%A (tUrq'kkyk)
3- v/ksfyf[krs"kq okD;s"kq drZi` nkfu fpuqr&
(d) o`{kk% uHk% f'kjLlq ogfUrA
([k) fogxk% o`{ks"kq owQtfUrA
(x) i;ksniZ.ks o`{kk% LoizfrfcEca i';fUrA
(?k) "kd% vUukfu mRikn;frA
() ljksojs eRL;k% lfUrA
4- iz'ukukeqkjkkf.k fy[kr&
(d) o`{kk% oSQ% ikrkya Li`'kfUr\
([k) o`{kk% d jp;fUr\
(x) fogxk% oqQ=k vklhuk%A
(?k) dkSroq Qs u o`{kk% d i';fUr\
5- leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
foHkfDr%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

izFkek

xt%

xtkS
-----------------

xtk%
-----------------

v'o%

34 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

f}rh;k
r`rh;k

prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh

lEcks/ue~

lw;eZ ~

lw;kSZ

lw;kZu~

-----------------

-----------------

pUnzku~

foMkysu

foMkykH;ke~

foMkyS%

-----------------

e.MwdkH;ke~

-----------------

likZ;

-----------------

lisHZ ;%

-----------------

okujkH;ke~

-----------------

eksndkr~

-----------------

-----------------

-----------------

-----------------

o`{ksH;%

tuL;

tu;ks%

tukuke~

-----------------

-----------------

'kqdkuke~

f'k{kosQ

-----------------

f'k{kosQ"kq

-----------------

e;wj;ks%

-----------------

ckyd!

ckydkS!

ckydk%!

urZd!

-----------------

-----------------

6- fHkUuizfroaQ ina fpuqr&

(d) xk ] yrk] ;equk] ueZnkA
([k) m|kue~] oqQlqee~] iQye~] fp=ke~A
(x) ys[kuh] rwfydk] pVdk] ikB'kkykA
(?k) vkeze]~ dnyhiQye~] eksnde~] ukje A~

leqnzrV% 35

"k"B% ikB%
r`rh;k&prqFkhZ&foHkfDr%

leqnzrV%

,"k% leqnrz V%A v=k tuk% i;ZVuk; vkxPNfUrA osQPku rj%S hMfUrA osQPku
p ukSdkfHk% tyfogkja oqQoZfUrA rs"kq osQpu dUnqoQs u hMfUrA ckfydk%
ckydk% p ckyqdkfHk% ckyqdkx`ga jp;fUrA e;s e;s rjk % ckyqdkx`ga
izokg;fUrA ,"kk hMk izpyfr ,oA leqnrz Vk% u osQoya i;ZVuLFkkukfuA v=k
eRL;thfou% vfi Lothfodka pky;fUrA
vLekoaQ ns'ks cgo% leqnrz Vk% lfUrA ,rs"kq eqEcbZ&xksok&dksfPp&
dU;koqQekjh&fo'kk[kkikue~&iqjhrVk% vrho izflk% lfUrA xksokrV%
fonsf'ki;ZVosQH;% lefkoaQ jksprsA fo'kk[kkikue~&rV% oSnfs 'kdO;kikjk;
izfl%A dksfPprV% ukfjosQyiQysH;% Kk;rsA eqEcbZuxjL; tqgrw Vs losZ tuk%
LoSja fogjfUrA psUubZuxjL; esjhukrV% ns'kL; lkxjrVs"kq nh?kZre%A

36 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

HkkjrL; frl`"kq fn'kklq leqnrz Vk% lfUrA vLekn~ ,o dkj.kkr~ Hkkjrns'k%

izk;}hi% bfr dF;rsA iwofZ n'kk;ka cXksilkxj% nf{k.kfn'kk;ka fgUnegklkxj%
if'pefn'kk;ka p vjclkxj% vfLrA ,rs"kka =k;k.kke~ vfi lkxjk.kka lXe%
dU;koqQekjhrVs HkofrA v=k iwf.kZek;ka pUnzkns ;% lw;kZLra p ;qxinso nz"Vqa
'kD;rsA

'kCnkFkkZ%
leqnrz V%
i;ZVuk;
rj%S
ukSdkfHk%
tyfogkje~
ckyqdkfHk%
ckyqdkx`ge~
e;s&e;s
izokg;fUr
izpyfr ,o
i;ZVuLFkkukfu
eRL;thfou%
Lothfodke~
pky;fUr
vrho

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

leqnz dk fdukjk
?kweus osQ fy;s
ygjksa ls@ osQ lkFk
ukSdkvksa osQ }kjk
tyhMk
ckyqvksa ls
ckyw dk ?kj] ?kjkSna k
chp&chp esa
/ks nsrs ga]S cgk nsrs s gSa
pyrh gh jgrh gS
?kweus dh txg
eNqvkjs
viuh thfodk dks
pykrs gSa
cgqr vf/d

sea beach
for excursion
with waves
by the boats
water game
made of sands
sand-houselet
at some interval
wash out
keeps going on
touristspot
fishermen
means of one's livelihood
causing to move
excessive

leqnzrV% 37

LoSje~
fogjfUr
nh?kZre%
izk;}hi%

&
&
&
&

cs&jksd Vksd@;FksPN
?kwers gS@a Vgyrs gSa
lcls yEck
rhu rjiQ ty ls
f?kjk Hkw Hkkx
lXe%
& feyu
;qxinso(;qxir~$,o) & ,d gh lkFk
nz"Vqa 'kD;rs
& ns[kk tk ldrk gS

as one pleases
roam
longest
peninsula
confluence
at the same time
may be seen

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
rj%S

eRL;thfou%

fonsf'ki;ZVosQH;%

le%

frl`"kq

oSnfs 'kdO;kikjk;

izk;}hi%

ckis lkxj%

pUnzkns ;%

2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkja fy[kr&

(d) tuk% dkfHk% tyfogkja oqQoZfUr\
([k) HkkjrL; nh?kZre% leqnrz V% d%\
(x) tuk% oqQ=k LoSja fogjfUr\
(?k) ckydk% ckyqdkfHk% d jp;fUr\
() dksfPprV% osQH;% Kk;rs\

38 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

3- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

ckis lkxj%

izk;}hi%

i;ZVuk;
hMk
le%
(d) dU;koqQekjhrVs =k;k.kka lkxjk.kka -------------------- HkofrA
([k) Hkkjrns'k% -------------------- bfr dF;rsA
(x) tuk% leqnrz Va -------------------- vkxPNfUrA
(?k) ckysH;% -------------------- jksprsA
() HkkjrL; iwofZ n'kk;ka -------------------- vfLrA

4- ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r&
leqnrz V%
hMude~
nqX/e~
nhid%
fo|k

Kkuk;
iks"k.kk;
izdk'kk;
i;ZVuk;
[ksyuk;

5- r`rh;kfoHkfDriz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& O;kse% fe=ks.k lg xPNfrA (fe=k)
(d) ckydk% ------------------ lg iBfUrA (ckfydk)
([k) rMkx% ------------------ foHkkfrA (dey)
(x) vgefi ------------------ [ksykfeA (dUnqd)
(?k) v'ok% ------------------ lg /kofUrA (v'o)
() e`xk% ------------------ lg pjfUrA (e`x)

leqnzrV% 39

6- v/ksfyf[kra o`kfp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% mfprokD;kfu

j;pr&
1
hMfr

vkxPNr~

8
lg

2
xPNfr

jp;fr
ok;q;ku

fe=k

vki.ka

fp=ka
rwfydk

f}pfdk
jghe%

p"kd

dye

tya
ukSdk

fiofr

i=k
gLr

fy[kfr

6
tyfogkj

dUnqoaQ

4
f{kifr

djksfr

5
;Fkk&

12345678-

jghe% fe=ks.k lg hMfrA

--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A
--------------------------------------------A

40 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

7- dks"Bdkr~ mfpriniz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) /fud% ------------------ /ua nnkfrA (fu/Zue~@fu/Zuk;)
([k) cky% ------------------ fo|ky;a xPNfrA (iBuk;@iBusu)
(x) lTtuk% ------------------ thofURkA (ijksidkje~@ijksidkjk;)
(?k) iz/kukpk;Z% ------------------ ikfjrksf"koaQ ;PNfrA (Nk=kk.kke~@Nk=ksH;%)
() ------------------ ue%A (f'k{kdk;@f'k{kde~)

cdL; rhdkj% 41

lIre% ikB%

cdL; rhdkj%
vO;;iz;ksx%

,dfLeu~ ous 'k`xky% cd%

p fuolr% LeA r;ks%
fe=krk vklhr~A ,dnk izkr%
'k`xky% cde~ vonr~&
fe=k! 'o% Roa e;k lg
Hkkstua oqQ#A 'k`xkyL;
fueU=k.ksu cd% izlUu%
vHkor~A
vfxzes fnus l% Hkkstuk;
'k`xkyL; fuokle~ vxPNr~A
oq Q fVyLoHkko% 'k` x ky%
LFkkY;ka cdk; {khjksnue~
v;PNr~A coQe~ vonr~
p&fe=k! vfLeu~ ik=ks
vkoke~ v/q u k lgS o
[kknko%A Hkkstudkys cdL; ppq% LFkkyhr% Hkkstuxzg.ks leFkkZ u vHkor~A
vr% cd% osQoya {khjksnue~ vi';r~A 'k`xky% rq lo {khjksnue~ vHk{k;r~A

42 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

'k`xkysu ofpr% cd% vfpUr;r~&;Fkk vusu e;k lg O;ogkj% r%

rFkk vge~ vfi rsu lg O;ogfj";kfeA
,oa fpUrf;Rok l% 'k`xkye~
vonr~&fe=k! Roe~ vfi 'o% lk;a
e;k lg Hkkstua dfj";flA cdL;
fueU=k.ksu 'k`x` ky% izlUu% vHkor~A
;nk 'k`x` ky% lk;a cdL; fuokla
Hkkstuk; vxPNr~] rnk cd% lh .kZe[q ks dy'ks {khjksnue~ v;PNr~] 'k`xkya
p vonr~&fe=k! vkoke~ vfLeu~ ik=ks lgSo Hkkstua oqQoZ%A cd% dy'kkr~
pPok {khjksnue~ v[kknr~A ijUrq 'k`xkyL; eq[ka dy'ks u izkfo'kr~A vr%
cd% lo {khjksnue~ v[kknr~A 'k`xky% p osQoye~ bZ";Z;k vi';r~A
'k`x` ky% coaQ izfr ;kn`'ka O;ogkje~ vdjksr~ cd% vfi 'k`xkya izfr rkn`'ka
O;ogkja Rok izrhdkje~ vdjksrA~
mDrefi&
vkRenqO;ZogkjL; iQya Hkofr nq%[knEk~A
rLekr~ ln~O;ogrZO;a ekuosu lq[kSf"k.kkAA

'kCnkFkkZ%
'k`x` ky%
cd%
vklhr~
,dnk (vO;;)

&
&
&
&

fl;kj
cxqyk
Fkk@Fkh
,d ckj

jackal
Indian crane
was
once

cdL; rhdkj% 43

vonr~
'o%
oqQ#
LFkkY;ke~
v;PNr~
lh.kZe[q ks

&
&
&
&
&
&

lgSo (lg$,o)
ppq%
LFkkyhr%
vi';r~
vHk{k;r~
fpUrf;Rok
izrhdkje~
ln~O;ogrZO;e~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

lq[kSf"k.kk

&

cksyk
(vkus okyk) dy
djks
Fkkyh esa
fn;k
laoQq fpr eq[k
okys@rax eq[k okys esa
lkFk gh
pksp
a
Fkkyh ls
ns[krk Fkk@ns[krh Fkh
[kk;k@[kk;h
lkspdj
cnyk
vPNk O;ogkj
djuk pkfg,
lq[k pkgus okys osQ }kjk

said/told
tomorrow
do
in the plate
gave
in a narrow mouth
same time
beak
from plate
saw
ate
after deep thought
revenge
one should act
good
by pleasure seeker

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
;=k
r=k
oqQ=k
v=k
vU;=k

;nk
rnk
dnk
,dnk
p

vfi
v|
'o%
%
izkr%

vgfuZ'ke~
v/quk
,o
oqQr%
lk;e~

44 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

2- etw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkkua iwj;r&

v|

vfi

izkr%

dnk

loZnk

v/quk

(d) ---------------- Hkze.ka LokLF;k; HkofrA

([k) ---------------- lR;a onA
(x) Roa ---------------- ekrqyx`ga xfe";fl\
(?k) fnus'k% fo|ky;a xPNfr] vge~ ---------------- rsu lg xPNkfeA
() ---------------- foKkuL; ;qx% vfLrA
(p) ---------------- jfooklj% vfLrA
3- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkja fy[kr&
(d) 'k`xkyL; fe=ka d% vklhr~\
([k) LFkkyhr% d% Hkkstua u v[kknr~\
(x) cd% 'k`x` kyk; Hkkstus fde~ v;PNr~\
(?k) 'k`x` kyL; LoHkko% dhn`'k% Hkofr\
4- ikBkr~ inkfu fpRok v/ksfyf[krkuka foykseinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& 'k=kq%

fe=ke~

lq[kne~

-------------------------

nqO;Zogkj%

-------------------------

'k=kqrk

-------------------------

lk;e~

-------------------------

vizlUu%

-------------------------

vleFkZ%

-------------------------

cdL; rhdkj% 45

5- etw"kkr% leqfprinkfu fpRok dFkka iwj;r&

euksjFkS%
mifj

fiikflr%
lUrq"V%

mik;e~
ikrqe~

LoYie~
brLrr%

ik"kk.kL;
oqQ=kkfi

dk;kZf.k

,dnk ,d% dkd% ---------------------------------------- vklhr~A l% tya ikrqe~

--------------------- vHkzer~A ija -------------------------- tya u izkIuksrA~ vUrs l%
,oaQ ?kVe~ vi';r~A ?kVs --------------------------- tye~ vklhr~A
vr% l% tye~ ----------------------- vleFkZ% vHkor~A l% ,de~
--------------- vfpUr;r~A l% ----------------------------- [k.Mkfu
?kVs vf{kir~A ,oa es.k ?kVL; tye~ ----------------- vkxPNr~A
dkd% tya ihRok -------------------- vHkor~A ifjJes.k ,o --------------------------fl;fUr u rq -----------------------A
6- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
;Fkk& fl;kj
dkSvk
eD[kh
cUnj
cxqyk
pksp
a
ukd

'k`xky%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

46 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

v"Ve% ikB%

lwfDrLrod%
ckyknfi xz g hrO;a ;q D req D ra euhf"kfHk%A
josjfo"k;s d u iznhiL; izdk'kue~ AA1AA
iq L ros Q ifBr% ikB% thous uS o lkf/r%A
d Hkosr~ rsu ikBsu thous ;ks u lkFkZd% AA2AA
fiz ; okD;iz n kus u los Z rq " ;fUr ekuok%A
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA3AA
xPNu~ fiihydks ;kfr ;kstukuka 'krkU;fiA
vxPNu~ oSurs;ksfi inesoaQ u xPNfr AA4AA
dkd% ".k% fid% ".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid% AA5AA

lwfDrLrod% 47

'kCnkFkkZ%
ckyknfi

ew[kZ@ew[kks ls] cPpksa ls

from foolish
person/child

xzghrO;e~
;qDre~

xzg.k djuk pkfg,

mfpr

should be accepted
appropriate/correct

mDre~

dgk x;k

told/said

euhf"kfHk%

cqfekuksa osQ }kjk

by the scholars/
intellectuals

jos%
vfo"k;s
iznhiL;

lw;Z osQ
ugha jgus ij
nhid dk

of the sun
without, in absence of
of candle

nfjnzrk

nhurk@i.krk

poverty

fiz;okD;iznkusu fiz; opu cksyus ls

rq";fUr
lUrq"V@izlUu gksrs gSa

by using sweet words

get satisfied

ekuok%

euq";

human beings

rLekr~

blfy;s

therefore

oDrO;e~

cksyuk pkfg,

should be spoken

opus

cksyus esa

in speaking

48 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

lkf/r%

mi;ksx fd;k

used

Hkosr~

gksxk@gksuk pkfg,

should be

lkFkZd%

vFkZiw.kZ@iz;kstu ;qDr

meaningful

dkd%

dkSvk

crow

".k%

dkyk

black

fid%

dks;y

cuckoo

fiddkd;ks%

dks;y vkSj dkS, esa

between
cuckoo and crow

izkIrs

vkus ij

after getting

xPNu~

tkrk gqvk

while going

fiihyd%

uj phaVh

ant (he)

;kfr

tkrk gS

goes

;kstukuke~

4 dksl
(yxHkx 12 fd-eh-)

a measure of distance
equal to 12 kms.

'krkfu

lkS

hundreds

vxPNu~

u pyrs gq,

without movement

oSurs;%

x#M+

garuda

lwfDrLrod% 49

vH;kl%
1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA
2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d
rLekr~ fiz;a fg oDrO;a
xPNu~ fiihydks ;kfr
fiz;okD;iznkusu
d Hkosr~ rsu ikBsu
dkd% ".k% fid% ".k%

[k
losZ rq";fUr tUro%A
thous ;ks u lkFkZd%A
dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
;kstukuka 'krkU;fiA
opus dk nfjnzrkA

3- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) losZ tUro% osQu rq";fUr\
([k) fiddkd;ks% Hksn% dnk Hkofr\
(x) d% xPNu~ ;kstukuka 'krkU;fi ;kfr\
(?k) vLekfHk% d oDrO;e~\
4- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka&^u* bfr fy[kr&
(d) dkd% ".k% u HkofrA
([k) vLekfHk% fiz;a oDrO;e~A
(x) olUrle;s fiddkd;ks% Hksn% HkofrA
(?k) oSurs;% i'kq% vfLrA
() opus nfjnzrk u dkZO;kA

50 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

5- etw"kkr% lekukFkZdkfu inkfu fpRok fy[kr&

xzUFks

dksfdy%

x#M+%

lw;LZ ;

dFkus

opus

--------------

oSurs;%

--------------

iqLrosQ

--------------

jos%

--------------

fid%

--------------

6- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
d

[k

lkFkZd%

vkxPNfr

".k%

'osr%

vuqDre~

nhidL;

xPNfr

mDre~

iznhiL;

fujFkZd%

vXqyh;oaQ izkIre~ 5 1

uoe% ikB%

v~xqyh;da kIre~
ipeh&"k"BhfoHkfDr%
Lrqr va'k egkdfo dkfynkl }kjk jfpr vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~ ukVd osQ "k"B vV ls lEikfnr
fd;k x;k gSA jktk nq";Ur us 'koqQUryk dks vius se osQ rhd osQ :i esa ,d vxBw h nh Fkh
ftl ij nq";Ur dk uke vfVr FkkA og vxBw h khoj dks oSQls feyh\ Lrqr ikB esa bldk jkspd
o.kZu laokn 'kSyh esa fd;k x;k gSA

(rr% izfo'kfUr ukxfjd% ';ky% ca iq#"ke~ vknk; j{kdkS p)

j{kdkS

& (rkMuL; vfHku;a Rok) vjs oqQEHkhyd! dFk;] oqQ=k Ro;k

,rr~ jktdh;e~ vXyh;oaQ izkIre~\ ,rfLeu~ rq jkK% uke
mRdh.kZa fo|rsA

5 2#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

ciq#"k% & (Hk;L; vfHku;a Rok) HkoUr% izlhnUrqA vga u bZn'` k%

deZdj%A
tkuqd% & d 'kksHku% czk.k% bfr eRok jktk rqH;a nkua nkoku~\
ciq#"k% & 'k`.kqr bnkuhe~A vga 'kkorkjL; rhFkZL; fuoklh /hoj%
vfLeA
lwpd% & /wr!Z fde~ vLekfHk% ro tkfr% i`"Vk\
';ky% & lwpd! lo es.k dFk;rqA ,ua e;s ek fuokj;A
j{kdkS & ;Fkk Hkoku~ vkKki;frA
ciq#"k% & vga eRlfo;s.k oqQVqEcL; Hkj.ka djksfeA
';ky% & (fogL;) fo'kqa ro vkthfodk;k% lk/ue~A
ciq#"k% & ,dfLeu~ fnols e;k jksfgreRL;% [k.M'k% r%A rL; mnjL;
vH;Urjs e;k bna jRu'kksfHkre~ vXqyh;oaQ izkIre~A v;e~ vL;
vkxeo`kkUr%A i'pkr~ rL; fo;k; vkxr% vge~ vkH;ka
x`ghr%A bna JqRok eka ekj;r ok eqpr okA
';ky% & tkuqd! vL; 'kjhjkr~ ekalL; xU/% fu%ljfrA vr% fu%la'k;e~
v;a eRL;ekjd% ,oA ijUrq vL; vXqyh;dL; izkfIr%
fopkj.kh;kA jktoqQya xPNke%A r=kSo vL; fu.kZ;% Hkfo";frA

'kCnkFkkZ%
';ky%
ce~

&
&

jktk dk lkyk
ck/k x;k

brother-in-law of the king

tied

vXqyh;oaQ izkIre~ 5 3

vknk;
j{kdkS

&
&

rkMf;Rok
oqQEHkhyd%
jktdh;e~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vXqyh;de~
mRdh.kZe~
izlhnUrq
bZn'` k%
deZdj%
bnkuhe~
/hoj%
'k`.kqr
fuokj;
eRL;fo;s.k
vkthfodk;k%
jksfgreRL;%
[k.M'k% r%
mnjL;
vH;Urjs
vkxeo`kkUr%

ysdj
nks flikgh
(tkuqd vkSj lwpd)
ihVdj
viekulwpd 'kCn
jktk dh
vxBw h
[kqnk gqvk
izlUu gksa
,slk
dke djusokyk
vc
eNqvkjk
lquks
jksdks
eNyh cspus ls
thfodk dk
jksfgsr uked eNyh
VqdM+&s VqdM+s dj fn;k x;k
isV dk
vUnj
izkfIr dh lwpuk

after getting
two policemen
having beaten
abusive word
of the king
ring
inscribed
be pleased
like this
worker
now
fisherman
listen
stop
by selling fish
of means of livelihood
a special Indian fish
cut into pieces
of abdomen
within
information of
obtaining

5 4#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

fo;k;
vUrjs
vkH;ke~
ekj;r
ok
eqpr
fu%ljfr
eRL;ekjd%
fopkj.kh;k

for selling

&
&
&
&

cspus osQ fy,

chp esa
bu nksuksa osQ }kjk
ekj nks

&
&
&
&
&

vFkok
or
NksM+ nks
release
fudy jgh gS@fudy jgk gS coming out
eNyh ekjus okyk
fisherman
fopkj djus ;ksX; gS
matter of discussion

in the middle
by these two
kill

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
ipeh&foHkfDr%
iqfW Yy%
L=khfy%
uiql
a dfy%

eksndkr~
ekyk;k%
fp=kkr~

eksndkH;ke~
ekykH;ke~
fp=kkH;ke~

eksnosQH;%
ekykH;%
fp=ksH;%

"k"Bh&foHkfDr%
iqfW Yy%
L=khfy%
uiql
a dfy%

ujL;
Nk=kk;k%
i=kL;

uj;ks%
Nk=k;ks%
i=k;ks%

ujk.kke~
Nk=kk.kke~
i=kk.kke~

vXqyh;oaQ izkIre~ 5 5

2- fuEufyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) izLrqrikBL; dFkk dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ mn~/r` k\
([k) vL;k% dFkk;k% jpf;rk d%\
(x) /hoj% osQu mik;su ifjokjL; Hkj.ka djksfr Le\
(?k) /hojs.k fda izkIre~\
() 'kkorkjL; rhFkZL; fuoklh d% vklhr~\
3- fuEufyf[krsH;% insH;% fHkUuizfroaQ ina fpuqr&
(d) fogL;] Hk;L;] 'kkorkjL;] oqQVqEcL;A
([k) nk%] jkK%] r%] x`ghr%A
(x) izfo'kfr] fu%ljfr] vkKki;fr] tkfr%A
(?k) fuokj;] dFk;] vknk;] k .` kqrA
() JqRok] rkMf;Rok] i`"Vk] RokA
4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) lq/k ------------------- /ue~ vku;frA (dks"kkr~@dks"ks.k)
([k) xk ------------------- izHkofrA (fgeky;L;@fgeky;kr~)
(x) ------------------- vkHkw"k.ka fo|kA (ujkr~@ujL;)
(?k) ------------------- tya fueZye~A (vyduUnk;k%@vyduUn;k)
() ------------------- tula[;kA (uxje~@uxjL;)

5 6#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

5- v/ksfyf[kra o`kfp=ka i';rA mnkgj.kkuqlkjs.k dks"BdxrS% 'kCnS% mfprokD;kfu

jp;rA

kfu

e~

fo
e~

v 3
k
x
PNf
r

|ky
;

k ; Z x`g

Nk=kk

dkj

o`{k
kp

ky; owQi
iLq rd

iqLr

dkf

4 fr
;
vku

7
Lohd
6 fr
k
j
k
ksfr
h.
i
q
L
u
r
dkfu
kf
+ud
M
h

. k f'k{kd
vki

iQy

iqjL

ou

=kksV 1
;fr
2
ksfr
kIu

8 fr
;
vku
u
Bkf
dk"

tye

5
u;fr

;Fkk& (1) Nk=kk (o`{k) o`{kkr~ iQykfu =kksV;frA

(2) -------------------------------------------------------(3) -------------------------------------------------------(4) -------------------------------------------------------(5) -------------------------------------------------------(6) -------------------------------------------------------(7) -------------------------------------------------------(8) --------------------------------------------------------

vXqyh;oaQ izkIre~ 5 7

6- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok dks"Bdxr'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDar iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&

eRL;k% -------------------- cfg%

vkxPNfUrA (rMkx)

u`i% -------------------- irfrA (v'o)

liZ% -------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fcy)

-------------------- tya irfrA (es?k)

-------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k)

5 8#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

n'ke% ikB%

f"kdk% deZohjk%
lw;ZLrirq es?kk% ok o"kZUrq foiqya tye~A
f"kdk f"kdks fuR;a 'khrdkysfi deZBkS AA1AA
xz h "es 'kjhja lLos n a 'khrs dEie;a lnkA
gysu p oqQnkysu rkS rq {ks=kkf.k d"kZr% AA2AA
mikugkS u ikn;ks % 'kjhjs olukfu uks A
fu/Zua thoua d"Va lq[ka nwjs fg fr"Bfr AA3AA
x`ga th.k u o"kkZlq o`f"Va okjf;rqa {kee~A
rFkkfi deZohjRoa f"kdk.kka u u';fr AA4AA
r;ks % Jes . k {ks = kkf.k lL;iw . kkZ f u loZ n kA
/fj=kh ljlk tkrk ;k 'kq"dk d.Vdko`rk AA5AA
'kkdea iQya nqX/a nok losZH; ,o rkSA
{kq/k&r`"kkoqQykS fuR;a fofp=kkS tu&ikydkS AA6AA

f"kdk% deZohjk% 5 9

'kCnkFkkZ%
rirq
foiqye~
deZBkS
lLosne~
mikugkS
olukfu
th.kZe~
okjf;rqe~
{kee~
lL;iw.kkZfu
/fj=kh
d.Vdko`rk
{kq/kr`"kkoqQykS

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

rik;s] tyk;s
vR;f/d
fujUrj f;k'khy
ilhus ls ;qDr
twrs
diM+s
iqjkuk
nwj djus esa
leFkZ
iQly ls ;qDr
i`Foh
dkVksa ls ifjiw.kZ
Hkw[k I;kl ls cspuS

may burn
in large amount
active
full of sweat
shoes
clothes
old
in removing
able
full of crops
earth
full of thorns
distressed with
hunger and thirst

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
lw;LZ rirq

th.kZe~

'khrdkysfi

okjf;rqe~

xzh"es

lL;iw.kkZfu

mikugkS

d.Vdko`rk

{kq/k&r`"kkoqQykS

6 0#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

2- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d

[k

x`ga th.k u o"kkZlq

rkS rq {ks=kkf.k d"kZr%A

gysu p oqQnkysu

;k 'kq"dk d.Vdko`rkA

miukgkS u in;ks%

lL;iw.kkZfu loZnkA

r;ks% Jes.k {ks=kkf.k

'kjhjs olukfu uksA

/fj=kh ljlk tkrk

o`f"Va okjf;rqa {kee~A

3- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr&

;Fkk& "kdk% 'khrdkysfi deZBk% HkofUrA

vke~

"kdk% gysu {ks=kkf.k u d"kZfUrA

(d) "kdk% losHZ ;% vUua ;PNfUrA

([k) "kdk.kka thoua d"Vizna u HkofrA
(x) "kd% {ks=kkf.k lL;iw.kZkfu djksfrA
(?k) 'khrs 'kjhjs dEiua u HkofrA
() Jes.k /fj=kh ljlk HkofrA

f"kdk% deZohjk% 6 1

4- etw"kkr% i;kZ;okfpinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

jfo%

oL=kkf.k

izkphue~

vf/de~

olukfu

---------------------

lw;%Z

---------------------

r`"kk

---------------------

foiqye~

---------------------

th.kZe~

---------------------

/fj=kh

---------------------

i`Foh

fiiklk

5- etw"kkr% foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

/fude~

uhjlk

v{kee~

nq%[ke~

lq[ke~

---------------------

nwjs

---------------------

fu/Zue~

---------------------

{kee~

---------------------

xzh"es

---------------------

ljlk

---------------------

'khrs

ik'osZ

6 2#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

6- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) "kdk% osQu {ks=kkf.k d"kZfUr\
([k) osQ"kka deZohjRoa u u';fr\
(x) Jes.k dk ljlk Hkofr\
(?k) "kdk% losHZ ;% d d ;PNfUr\
() "kdkr~ nwjs d fr"Bfr\

iq"iksRlo% 6 3

,dkn'k% ikB%

iq"iksRlo%
lIreh&foHkfDr%

mRlofiz;% Hkkjrns'k%A v=k oqQ=kfpr~ 'kL;ksRlo% Hkofr] oqQ=kfpr~ i'kwRlo%

Hkofr] oqQ=kfpr~ /kfeZdksRlo% Hkofr oqQ=kfpr~ p ;kuksRlo%A ,rs"kq ,o vfLr
vU;re% iq"iksRlo% bfrA v;a ^iwQyokyksa dh lSj* bfr ukEuk izfl% vfLrA
nsgY;k% esgjkSyh{ks=ks vkWDVkscj~ekls vL; vk;kstua HkofrA vfLeu~
voljs r=k cgqfo/kfu iq"ikf.k n`';UrsA
ija ize[q ke~ vkd"kZ.ka rq vfLr
iq " ifufeZ r kfu O;tukfuA
tuk% ,rkfu iq"iO;tukfu
;ksxek;kefUnjs cf[r;kjdkdh
bR;L; lekfkLFkys p viZ;fUrA
osQpu ikVyiq"iS% fufeZrkfu] osQpu
df.kZdkjiq"iS%] vU;s tikoqQlqe%S ] vijs efYydkiq"iS%] brjs p xsUnkiq"iS%
fufeZrkfu O;tukfu u;fUrA
v;e~ mRlo% fnol=k;a ;kor~ izpyfrA ,rs"kq fnols"kq irk uke~
mM~M;ue~] fofo/k% hMk% eYy;qa pkfi izpyfrA

6 4#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

foxrsH;% f}'kro"ksHZ ;% iq"iksRlo% tuku~ vkuUn;frA e;s b;a ijEijk

LFkfxrk vklhr~A ija LorU=krkizkIrs% i'pkr~ b;a euksgkfj.kh ijEijk iqu%
lekjCkkA iq"iksRlo% v|kfi lksYykla lksRlkga p izpyfrA

'kCnkFkkZ%
mRlofiz;%
oqQ=kfpr~
'kL;ksRlo%
i'kwRlo%
(i'kq$mRlo%)
;kuksRlo%
vU;re%
iq"iksRlo%
bfr ukEuk
voljs
iq"ifufeZrkfu
O;tukfu
iq"iO;tukfu
lekf/LFkys
viZ;fUr
ikVyiq"iS%

&
&
&
&

mRloksa dk izes h
dgha ij
fdlkukas dk mRlo
i'kqvksa dk mRlo

lover of festivals

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

xkfM+;ksa dk mRlo
dbZ esa ls ,d
iwQyksa dk mRlo
bl uke ls
volj ij
iwQYkksa ls cus gq,
ia[ks
iwQyksa osQ ia[ks
njxkg
vfiZr djrs gaS
xqykc osQ iwQyksa ls

festival of vehicles

somewhere
festival of crops
festival of animals

one of many
festival of flowers
by this name
on this occasion
made of flowers
fans
fans of flowers
on the burial place
offer
with rose flowers

iq"iksRlo% 6 5

df.kZdkjiq"iS% &
tikiq"iS%
&
efYydkiq"iS%
u;fUr
;kor~
izpyfr
irkuke~
mM~M;ue~
eYy;qe~

&
&
&
&
&
&
&

dusj osQ iwQyksa ls

tokoqQlqe osQ iwQyksa ls@
xqMg+ y osQ iwQyksa ls
pesyh osQ iwQYkksa ls
ys tkrs gSa
rd
pyrk gS
iraxksa dk
mM+kuk
oqQ'rhs

with oleander flowers

with chinese rose
with jasmine flowers
take, bring
upto
continue
of kites
flying
wrestling

vH;kl%
1- opukuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk&

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

efUnjs

efUnj;ks%
---------------

efUnjs"kq
---------------

LFky;ks%
---------------

---------------

vlojs
----------------------------{ks=ks
-----------------------------

--------------O;tu;ks%
---------------

fnols"kq
----------------------------iq"is"kq

6 6#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

2- dks"BosQ"kq iznk'kCns"kq mi;qDrfoHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ---------------- cgo% mRlok% HkofUrA (Hkkjre~@Hkkjrs)
([k) ---------------- ehuk% olfUrA (ljksojs@ljksojkr~)
(x) tuk% ---------------- iq"ikf.k viZ;fUrA (efUnjs.k@efUnjs)
(?k) [kxk% ---------------- fuolfUrA (uhMkfu@uhsM"s kq)
() Nk=kk% ---------------- iz;ksxa oqQoZfUrA (iz;ksx'kkyk;ke~@iz;ksx'kkyk;k%)
(p) ---------------- iq"ikf.k fodlfUrA (m|kuL;@m|kus)
3- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; lkFkZdkfu okD;kfu jp;r&
okujk%

ous"kq

rjfUr

lgk%

o`{ks"kq

u`R;fUr

e;wjk%

tys

mRirfUr

eRL;k%

vkdk'ks

xtZfUr

[kxk%

m|kus

owQnZfURk

4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) tuk% iq"iO;tukfu oqQ=k viZ;fUr\
([k) iq"iksRloL; vk;kstua dnk Hkofr\
(x) vLekoaQ Hkkjrns'k% dhn`'k% vfLr\

iq"iksRlo% 6 7

(?k) iq"iksRlo% osQu ukEuk izfl% vfLr\

() esgjkSyh{ks=ks dL;k% efUnja dL; lekf/LFkyp vfLr\
5- dks"BosQ"kq nks"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDra iz;Tq ; okD;kfu iwj;r&
;Fkk & ljksojs ehuk% lfUrA (ljksoj)
(d) ------------- dPNik% HkzefUrA (rMkx)
([k) ------------- lSfudk% lfUrA (f'kfoj)
(x) ;kukfu ------------- /kofUrA(jktekxZ)
(?k) ------------- jRukfu lfUrA (/jk)
() ckyk% ------------- hMfUrA (hMk{ks=k)
6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
iq"is"kq

xk ;ke~
fo|ky;s
(d) o;a ---------------- iBke%A
([k) tuk% ------------- HkzefUrA
(x) ------------- ukSdk% lfUrA
(?k) ------------- Hkzejk% xqtfUrA
() ------------- iQykfu iDokfu lfUrA

o`{k;ks%

m|kus"kq

6 8#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

}kn'k% ikB%

n'ke% Roe~ vfl

la[;kokfpinkfu

,dnk n'k ckydk% Lukuk; unhe~ vxPNu~A rs unhtys fpja Lukue~ voqQoZuA~ rr%
rs rhRokZ ikja xrk%A rnk rs"kka uk;d% vi`PNr~&vfi losZ ckydk% unhe~ mkh.kkZ%\

rnk df'pr~ ckyd% vx.k;r~&,d%] }kS] =k;%] pRokj%] ip] "kV~]

lIr] v"VkS] uo bfrA l% Loa u vx.k;r~A vr% l% vonr~&uo ,o lfUrA
n'ke% u vfLrA vij% vfi ckyd% iqu% vU;ku~ ckydku~ vx.k;r~A rnk
vfi uo ,o vklu~A vr% rs fu'p;e~ voqQoZu~ ;r~ n'ke% u|ka eXu%A rs
nq%f[krk% rw".khe~ vfr"Bu~A

n'ke% Roe~ vfl 6 9

rnk df'pr~ ifFkd% r=k vkxPNr~A l% rku~ ckydku~ nq%f[krku~ n`"V~ok

vi`PNr~&ckydk%! ;q"ekoaQ nq%[kL; dkj.ka fde~\ ckydkuka uk;d%
vdFk;r~&o;a n'k ckydk% Lukrqe~ vkxrk%A bnkuha uo ,o Le%A ,d% u|ka
eXu%A
ifFkd% rku~ vx.k;r~A r=k n'k ckydk% ,o vklu~A l% uk;de~
vkfn'kr~ Roa ckydku~ x.k;A l% rq uo ckydku~ ,o vx.k;r~A rnk ifFkd%
vonr~&n'ke% Roe~ vfl bfrA
rr~ JqRok iz"Vk% HkwRok losZ x`ge~ vxPNu~A

'kCnkFkkZ%
bnkuhe~
,dnk
Lukuk;
fueZye~
'khrye~
rhRokZ
uk;d%
fpje~
mkh.kkZ%

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

vc
,d ckj
ugkus osQ fy,
lkiQ
B.Mk
rSjdj
usrk
nsj rd
ikj dj fy;k

now
once
for bathing
clean
cold
after swimming
leader
for a long time
crossed over

7 0#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

rnk
vx.k;r~
LukRok
vij%
iqu%
vklu~
u|ke~
rw".khe~
ifFkd%
Lukrqe~
eXu%
iz"Vk%
JqRok
bfr

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

rc
fxuk
ugkdj
nwljk
fiQj] nksckjk
Fks@Fkha
unh esa
ekSUk
jkgxhj
Luku osQ fy,
Mwc x;k
vkufUnr@izlUu
lqudj
mj.k dh lekfIr
dk lwpd vO;;

then
counted
after bathing
another
again
were
in the river
silent
traveller
to take bath
sank
happy
after listening
to end a sentence/
context

vH;kl%
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
iqf Yys
,d%
}kS
=k;%
pRokj%

L=khfys
,dk
}s
fr%
pr%

uiql
a dfys
,de~
}s
=khf.k
pRokfj

n'ke% Roe~ vfl 7 1

ip
"kV~
lIr
v"V
uo
n'k

ip
"kV~
lIr
v"V
uo
n'k

ip
"kV~
lIr
v"V
uo
n'k

2- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dfr ckydk% Lukuk; vxPNu~\
([k) rs Lukuk; oqQ=k vxPNu~\
(x) rs oaQ fu'p;e~ voqQoZu\~
(?k) ekxsZ d% vkxPNr~\
() ifFkd% fde~ vonr~\
3- 'kqdFkukuka le{ke~ (9) bfr v'kqdFkukuka le{ka () oqQ#r&
(d) n'kckydk% Lukuk; vxPNu~A
([k) losZ okfVdk;ke~ vHkzeu~A
(x) rs oLrqr% uo ckydk% ,o vklu~A
(?k) ckyd% Loa u vx.k;r~A
() ,d% ckyd% u|ka eXu%A
(p) rs lqf[krk% rw".khe~ vfr"Bu~A
(N) dksfi ifFkd% u vkxPNr~A

7 2#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

(t) uk;d% vonr~&n'ke% Roe~ vfl bfrA

(>) rs losZ iz"Vk% HkwRok p x`ge~ vxPNu~A
4- etw"kkr% 'kCnku~ fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
x.kf;Rok

JqRok

n`"V~ok

Rok

x`ghRok

rhROkkZ

(d) rs ckydk% ------------- u|k% mkh.kkZ%A

([k) ifFkd% ckydku~ nq%f[krku~ ------------- vi`PNr~A
(x) iqLrdkfu ------------- fo|ky;a xPNA
(?k) ifFkdL; opua ------------- losZ izefq nrk% x`ge~ vxPNu~A
() ifFkd% ckydku~ ------------- vdFk;r~ n'ke% ROke~ vflA
(p) eksgu% dk; ------------- x`ga xPNfrA
5- fp=kkf.k n`"V~ok la[;ka fy[kr&

------------- dUnqdkfuA

------------- pVdk%A

------------- iqLrde~A

------------- e;wjkSA

n'ke% Roe~ vfl 7 3

------------- ckfyosQA

------------- rkyk%A

------------- diksrk%A

------------- i=kkf.kA

7 4#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

=k;ksn'k% ikB%

~xye~
yksdee~
vlrks ek ln~xe;A
relks ek T;ksfrxZe;A
e`R;ksekZe`ra xe;AA
c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ (1-3-28)

;Fkk |kS p
i`fFkoh p u fcHkhrks u fj";r%A
,oa es izk.k ek fcHks%AA
vFkoZons % (2-51-1)

;r~ LoIus vUue u kfe u izkrjf/xE;rsA

loZa rnLrq es f'koa ufg rn~ n`';rs fnokAA
vFkoZons % (7-101-1)

loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k loksZ Hknzkf.k i';rqA

loZ% dkekuokIuksrq loZ% loZ=k uUnrqAA
foekso'Z kh;e~ (5-25)

yksdeXye~ 7 5

'kCnkFkkZ%
vlrks
ln~

&
&

vlr~@cqjkbZ ls
lr~@vPNkbZ

relks

&

va/dkj ls@vKku ls

xe;
e`R;ks%
ve`re~
|kS%
fcHkhr%
fj";r%
fcHks%
,ok
v'ukfe
vf/xE;rs
vLrq
f'koe~
n`';rs
fnok
nqxkZf.k
rjrq
Hknzkf.k
i';rq

&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

ys pyks
e`R;q ls
vejRo dks
varfj{k] |qyksd
Mjkrs gSa
nq%[k nsrs gSa
Mjks
,sls gh
[kkrk gw
kIr gksrk gS
gks
dY;k.kdkjh
fn[krk gS
fnu
dfBukbZ;ksa dks
ikj djs
dY;k.kdkjh
ns[ksa

from evil/non-existent
virtuous/good/
existent
from darkness/
ignorance
take to
from death
towards immortality
heaven/sky
frighten
pinch/give pain
be afraid
in the same way
consume
is acquired
let it be
good/beneficial
is seen
day
difficulties
may get away
beneficial
may see

7 6#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

dkeku~
vokIuksrq

&
&

dkeukvksa dks
izkIr djsa

desirable objects
may find

&
&

izlUu jgas
lc txg

may be pleased
everywhere

(vo$vkIuksrq)

uUnrq
loZ=k

vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
T;ksfrxZe;
izkrjf/xE;rs
o`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~

|kS'p
loZLrjrq
dkekuokIuksrq

vUue'ukfe
nqxkZf.k
Hknzkf.k

2- lokZu~ eU=kku~ 'yksoQa p lLoja xk;rA

3- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) nqxkZf.k d% rjrq\
([k) loZ=k d% uUnrq\
(x) dkS u fcHkhr%\
(?k) vlrks ek oqQ=k xe;\
4- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkfu jp;r&
yksVy
~ dkj%
yV~ydkj%
rjrq
i';rq

rjfr
--------------

yksVy
~ dkj%
hMrq

yV~ydkj%
--------------

glrqq

--------------

yksdeXye~ 7 7

uUnrq

--------------

vku;rq

--------------

u`R;rq

--------------

u;rqq

-------------

vLrq

--------------

/korq

-------------

xPNrq

--------------

fy[krq

-------------

5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
d

[k

izkr%

loZ=k

fnok

LoIus

tkxj.ks

lk;e~

,d=k

T;ksfr%

re%

jkf=k%

6- etw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkukfu iwj;r&

u

p
;Fkk
,o
(d) -------------------- ns'k% rFkk os"k%A

ek

([k) ekrk firk -------------------- f'k'kwu~ iky;r%A

(x) Je -------------------- t;rsA
(?k) egkRek xk/h lR;a -------------------- vR;tr~A
() xo -------------------- oqQ#A

7 8#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

prqn'Z k% ikB%

vgg vk% p
vtht% ljy% ifjJeh p vklhr~A l% Lokfeu% ,o lsok;ka yhu% vklhr~A
,dnk l% x`ga xUrqe~ vodk'ka okNfrA Lokeh prqj% vklhr~A l%
fpUr;fr&^vtht% bo u dksfi vU;% dk;ZoQq 'ky%A ,"k vodk'kL; vfi
osrua xzgh";frA* ,oa fpUrf;Rok Lokeh dFk;fr&^vga rqH;e~ vodk'kL;
osruL; p lo /ua nkL;kfeA* ije~ ,rnFkZa Roa oLrq};e~ vku;&^vgg!*
^vk%!* p bfrA
,rr~ JqRok vtht% oLrq};e~ vkusraq fuxZPNfrA l% brLrr% ifjHkzefrA
tuku~ i`PNfrA vkdk'ka i';frA /jka izkFkZ;frA ija liQyrka uSo izkIuksfrA
fpUr;fr] ifjJeL; /ua l% uSo
izkIL;frA oqQ=kfpr~ ,dk o`k feyfrA
l% rka lok O;Fkka Jko;frA lk
fopkj;fr&^Lokeh vthtk; /ua nkrqa
u bPNfrA lk ra dFk;fr&^vga
rqH;a oLrq};a nnkfeA* ija };e~
,o cgqeYw ;oaQ orZrAs izlUu% l%
Lokfeu% lehis vkxPNfrA
vthta n`"V~ok Lokeh pfdr% HkofrA Lokeh 'kuS% 'kuS% isfVdke~
mn~?kkV;frA isfVdk;ka y?kqik=k};e~ vklhr~A izFkea l% ,oaQ y?kqik=ke~ mn~?kkV;frA
lglk ,dk e/qef{kdk fuxZPNfrA rL; p gLra n'kfrA Lokeh mPPkS%

vgg vk% p 7 9

onfr&^vgg!A f}rh;a y?kqik=ke~ mn~?kkV;frA ,dk vU;k ef{kdk fuxZPNfrA

l% yykVs n'kfrA ihfMr% l% vR;qPpS% phRdjksfr&^vk%* bfrA
vtht% liQy% vklhr~A Lokeh rLeS vodk'kL; osruL; p iw.k
/ua nnkfrA

'kCnkFkkZ%v
yhu%
okNfr
dksfi(d%$vfi)
vku;
vgg
vk%
vkusreq ~
fuxZPNfr
brLrr%(br%$rr%)
/jke~
izkIL;fr
O;Fkke~
l|%
viZ;
mn~?kkV;fr

'kCnkFkkZ%
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&

layXu] rYyhu
pkgrk@pkgrh gS
dksbZ Hkh
ykvks
d"Vlwpd vO;;
ihM+klwpd vO;;
ykus osQ fy,
fudyrk gS
b/j&m/j
i`Foh dks
ik,xk
nq%[k dks
rRdky] rqjUr
ns nks
[kksyrk gS

engaged
wishes/wants
whosoever
bring
oh!
ah!
to bring
comes out/exits
here and there
the earth
will receive
pain
instantly
give
opens

8 0#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

n'kfr
& Mlrh gS] dkVrh gS
vR;qPpS%(vfr$mPpS%) & cgqr tksj ls

bite

phRdjksfr

cries

& fpYykrk gS

very loudly

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka leqfprku~ vFkkZu~ esy;r&
d
gLrs
l|%
lglk
/ue~
vkdk'ke~
/jke~

[k
vdLekr~
i`Fohe~
xxue~
'kh?kze~
djs
nzfo.ke~

2- etw"kkr% mfpra foykseina fpRok fy[kr&

izfo'kfr

lsod%

ew[kZ%

(d) prqj%

usreq ~
uhpS%
--------------------

([k) vkusreq ~

--------------------

(x) fuxZPNfr

--------------------

(?k) Lokeh

--------------------

nq%f[kr%

vgg vk% p 8 1

() izlUu%

--------------------

(p) mPpS%

--------------------

3- etw"kkr% mfpre~ vO;;ina fpRok fjDrLFkukfu iwj;r&

bo

vfi

,o

mPpS%

(d) ckydk% ckfydk% -------------------- hMk{ks=ks hMfUrA

([k) es?kk% -------------------- xtZfUrA
(x) cd% gal% -------------------- 'osr% HkofrA
(?k) lR;e~ -------------------- t;rsA
() vga iBkfe] Roe~ -------------------- iBA
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkja fy[kr&
(d) vtht% x`ga xUraq d okNfr\
([k) Lokeh ew[kZ% vklhr~ prqj% ok\
(x) vtht% dka O;Fkka Jko;fr\
(?k) vU;k ef{kdk oqQ=k n'kfr\
() Lokeh vthtk; d nkrqa u bPNfr\

8 2#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

5- funs'Z kkuqlkja ydkjifjorZua oqQ#r&

;Fkk&vtht% ifjJeh vklhr~A (yV~ydkjs)
(d) vga f'k{kdk; /ua nnkfeA (y`Vy
~ dkjs)

vtht% ifJeh vfLrA

----------------------------------------

([k) ifjJeh tu% /ua izkIL;frA (yV~ydkjs)

----------------------------------------

(x) Lokeh mPpS% onfrA (y~ydkjs)

----------------------------------------

(?k) vtht% isfVdka x`g.~ kkfrA (y`Vy

~ dkjs)

----------------------------------------

() Roe~ mPpS% iBflA (yksVy

~ dkjs)

--------------------------------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukekuqlkja fy[krA

(d) Lokeh vthtk; vodk'kL; iw.kZa /ua nnkfrA
([k) vtht% ljy% ifjJeh p vklhr~A
(x) vtht% isfVdke~ vku;frA
(?k) ,dnk l% x`ga xUrqe~ vodk'ka okNfrA
() ihfMr% Lokeh vR;qPpS% phRdjksfrA
(p) ef{kosQ Lokfeua n'kr%A

ekrqypUnz!! 8 3

ipn'k% ikB%

!!
ekrqypUnz!!
oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\
oqQ=k xfe";fl ekrqypUnz\
vfr'k;foLr`ruhykdk'k%
uSo n`';rs Dofpnodk'k%
dFka iz;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\
oqQ=k vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\
dFkek;kfl u Hkks! ee xsge~
ekrqy! fdjfl dFka u Lusge~
dnkxfe";fl ekrqypUnz\
oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\
/oya ro pfUnzdkforkue~
rkjd[kfpra flrifj/kue~
ea nkL;fl ekrqypUnz\
oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\
Rofjresfg eka Jko; xhfre~
fiz; ekrqy! o/Z; es izhfre~
fdUuk;kL;fl ekrqypUnz\
oqQr vkxPNfl ekrqypUnz\

8 4#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%
ekrqypUnz!

&

pUnkekek!

Uncle moon

oqQr% (vO;;)

&

dgk ls

from where

vfr'k;foLr`r%

&

vfr fo'kky

very stretched, extended

n`';rs

&

fn[krk gS@fn[krh gS

it looks

Dofpr~ (vO;;) &

dgha Hkh

anywhere

iz;kL;fl

&

tkvksx@s tkvksxh

will go

xsge~

&

?kj dks

home

fdjfl

&

fo[ksjrs gks@fo[ksjrh gks

scatter

/oye~

&

lisQn

white

pfUnzdkforkue~

&

iSQyh gqbZ pknuh

extensive moonlight

rkjd[kfpra

&

rkjksa ls 'kksfHkr

adorned with stars

flrifj/kue~

&

lisQn oL=k

white clothes

ee~

&

eq>s

to me

Rofjre~

&

'kh?kz

fast, as soon as

,fg

&

vkvks

come

Jko;

&

lqukvks

make me listen

o/Z;

&

c<+kvks

increase

ekrqypUnz!! 8 5

vH;kl%
1- ckyxhra lkfHku;a lLoja xk;rA
2- i|ka'kku~ ;kst;r&
ekrqy! fdjfl

flrifj/kue~

rkjd[kfpra

Jko; xhfre~

Rofjresfg eka

pfUnzdkforkue~

vfr'k;foLr`r

dFka u Lusge~

/oya ro

uhykdk'k%

3- i|ka'ks"kq fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) fiz; ekrqy! -------------------------------- izhfre~A
([k) dFka iz;kL;fl --------------------------------A
(x) -------------------------------- Dofpnodk'k%A
(?k) -------------------------------- nkL;fl ekrqypUnz!A
() dFkek;kfl u -------------------------------- xsge~A
4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) vfLeu~ ikBs d% ekrqy%\
([k) uhykdk'k% dhn`'k% vfLr\
(x) ekrqypUnz% d u fdjfl\
(?k) d Jkof;rqa f'k'kq% pUnza dFk;fr\
() pUnzL; flrifj/kua dFke~ vfLr\

8 6#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

5- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fuEufyf[krinkfu lEcks/us ifjorZ;r&

;Fkk& pUnz%
&
pUnz!
-----------------------(d) f'k";%
&
([k) xksiky%

&

------------------------

;Fkk& ckfydk

&

(d) fiz;oa nk

&

ckfyosQ!
------------------------

([k) yrk

&

------------------------

;Fkk& iQye~

&

(d) fe=ke~

&

iQy!
------------------------

([k) iqLrde~

&

------------------------

;Fkk& jfo%

&

(d) eqfu%

&

jos!s
------------------------

([k) dfo%

&

------------------------

;Fkk& lk/q%

&

(d) Hkkuq%

&

lk/ks!
------------------------

([k) i'kq%

&

------------------------

;Fkk& unh

&

(d) nsoh

&

ufn!
------------------------

([k) ekfuuh

&

------------------------

ekrqypUnz!! 8 7

6- etw"kkr% mi;qDrkuke~ vO;;inkuka iz;ksx.s k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

oqQr%

dnk

oqQ=k
dFka
(d) txUukFkiqjh ---------------- vfLr\
([k) Roa ---------------- iqjha xfe";fl\
(x) xkunh ---------------- izogfr\
(?k) ro LokLF;a ---------------- vfLr\
() o"kkZdkys e;wjk% ---------------- oqQoZfUr\
7- rRle'kCnku~ fy[kr&
ekek

------------------------

eksj

------------------------

rkjk

------------------------

dks;y

------------------------

dcwrj

------------------------

fde~

88 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

ifjf'k"Ve~

dkjd&foHkfDr&ifjp;%
okD;s f;k;k% lk{kkr~ vUo;% ;su insu@'kCnsu lg Hkofr rr~ ina dkjoaQ
HkofrA dkjdk.kke~ vFk dVf;rqa ;s"kka R;;kuka la;kstua 'kCnS% lg Hkofr rs
(R;;k%) dkjd&foHkDr;% HkofUrA
;Fkk& Nk=kk%!(11) n'kjFkL;(10) lqr%(1) jke%(2) n.Mdkj.;kr~(8) yVka(3)
xRok ;qs(9) jko.ka(4) ck.ksu(6) gRok foHkh"k.kk;(7) yVkjkT;e~(5) v;PNr~(12)A
ela[;k

'kCnk%@inkfu

dkjde~

foHkfDr%

1] 2

lqr%] jke%

drkZ

Fkek

3] 4] 5

yVka] jko.ka]

deZ

f}rh;k

yVkjkT;e~
6

ok.ksu

dj.ke~

r`rh;k

foHkh"k.kk;

lEnkue~

prqFkhZ

n.Mdkj.;kr~

viknkue~

ipeh

;qs

vf/dj.ke~

lIreh

fo'ks"k%& "k"Bh&foHkDrs% vFkZ lEcU/% vfLrA lEcU/% lEcks/ua p

dkjoaQ u HkofrA mnkgj.ke~&^n'kjFkL;*(10) ^gs Nk=kk%*(11) bfr in;ks% lk{kkr~
vUo;% f;;k ^v;PNr~*(12) bR;usu insu lg ukfLrA vr% laLrs ,rs ins
dkjosQ u Hkor%A

ifjf'k"Ve~ 89

'kCn:ikf.k
vdkjkUr&
iq f Yy~ x &'kCn%
vdkjkUr&iq
ckyd
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
ckyd%
ckyde~
ckyosQu
ckydk;
ckydkr~
ckydL;
ckyosQ
gs ckyd!

f}opue~
ckydkSS
ckydkS
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckydkH;ke~
ckyd;ks%s
ckyd;kss%
gs ckydkS!

cgqopue~
ckydk%
ckydku~
ckyoSQ%
ckyosQH;%
ckyosQH;%
ckydkuke~
ckyosQ"kq
gs ckydk%!

,oeso u`i&nso&jke&firkeg&if.Mr&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&iqfYyX&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

vkdkjkUr&
vkdkjkUr&L=hfy~
L=hfy~ x &'kCn%
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ

,dopue~
ckfydk
ckfydke~
ckfyd;k
ckfydk;Ss

ckfydk
f}opue~
ckfyosQ
ckfyosQ
ckfydkH;ke~
ckfydkH;ke~

cgqopue~
ckfydk%
ckfydk%
ckfydkfHk%
ckfydkH;%

90 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

ckfydk;k%
ckfydk;k%
ckfydk;ke~
gs ckyosQ!

ckfydkH;ke~
ckfyd;ks%s
ckfyd;kss%
gs ckyosQ!

ckfydkH;%
ckfydkuke~
ckfydklq
gs ckfydk%!

,oeso yrk&jek&ekyk&dfydk&bR;knhuke~ vkdkjkUr&L=khfyX&'kCnkuka

:ikf.k HkofUrA

vdkjkUr&uiq a l dfy
~ x &'kCn%
dfy~
iq"i
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
iq"ie~
iq"ie~
iq"is.k
iq"ik;
iq"ikr~
iq"iL;
iq"is
gs iq"i!

f}opue~
iq"is
iq"is
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"ikH;ke~
iq"i;ks%s
iq"i;ks%
gs iq"is!

cgqopue~
iq"ikf.k
iq"ikf.k
iq"iS%
iq"isH;%
iq"isH;%
iq"ik.kke~
iq"is"kq
gs iq"ikf.kA

,oeso iQy&iqLrd&uxj&fe=k&m|ku&bR;knhuke~ vdkjkUr&uiql

a dfyX&'kCnkuka
:ikf.k HkofUrA

ifjf'k"Ve~ 91

bdkjkUr&
iq f Yy~ x &'kCn%
bdkjkUr&iq
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
eqfu%
eqfue~
eqfuuk
equ;s
equs%
equs%
equkS
gs equs!

eqfu
f}opue~
equh
equh
eqfuH;ke~
eqfuH;ke~
eqfuH;ke~
eqU;kss%
eqU;ks%s
gs equh!

cgqopue~
equ;%
equhu~
eqfufHk%
eqfuH;%
eqfuH;%
equhuke~
eqfu"kq
gs equ;%!

,oeso dfo&gfj&jfo&dfi&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&iqfYyX&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

mdkjkUr&
mdkjkUr&iq
iq f Yy~ x &'kCn%
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~

,dopue~
Hkkuq%
Hkkuqe~
Hkkuquk
Hkkuos
Hkkuks%
Hkkuks%
HkkukS
gs Hkkuks!

Hkkuq
f}opue~
Hkkuw
Hkkuw
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkuqH;ke~
HkkUoks%
HkkUoks%
gs Hkkuw!

cgqopue~
Hkkuo%
Hkkuwu~
HkkuqfHk%
HkkuqH;%
HkkuqH;%
Hkkuwuke~
Hkkuq"kq
gs Hkkuo%!

,oeso f'k'kq&lk/q&xq#&fo".kq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&iqfYyX&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

92 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

iB~ &:ikf.k
i<+uk
/krq
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
iBfr
iBfl
iBkfe

f}opue~
iBr%
iBFk%
iBko%

cgqopue~
iBfUr
iBFk
iBke%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;ei#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
ifB";fr
ifB";fl
ifB";kfe

f}opue~
ifB";r%
ifB";Fk%
ifB";ko%

cgqopue~
ifB";fUr
ifB";Fk
ifB";ke%

y~ydkj (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
viBr~
viB%
viBe~

f}opue~
viBrke~
viBre~
viBko

cgqopue~
viBu~
viBr
viBke

ifjf'k"Ve~ 93

iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

y~ydkj (vrhrdky%)
,dopue~
f}opue~
vxPNr~
vxPNrke~
vxPN%
vxPNre~
vxPNe~
vxPNko

cgqopue~
vxPNu~
vxPNr
vxPNke

yksV~&ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
xPNrqq
xPN
xPNkfu

f}opue~
xPNrke~
xPNre~
xPNko

cgqopue~
xPNUrq
xPNr
xPNke

LFkk&fr"B Bgju
Bgjukk
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
Fkei#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
fr"Bfr
fr"Bfl
fr"Bkfe

f}opue~
fr"Br%
fr"BFk%
fr"Bko%

cgqopue~
fr"BfUr
fr"BFk
fr"Bke%

94 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%

LFkkL;fr

LFkkL;r%

LFkkL;fUr

e;eiq#"k%

LFkkL;fl

LFkkL;Fk%

LFkkL;Fk

mkeiq#"k%

LFkkL;kfe

LFkkL;ko%

LFkkL;ke%

y~ydkj (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%

vfr"Br~

vfr"Brke~

vfr"Bu~

e;eiq#"k%

vfr"B%

vfr"Bre~

vfr"Br

mkeiq#"k%

vfr"Be~

vfr"Bko

vfr"Bke

yksV~&ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%

fr"Brqq

fr"Brke~

fr"BUrq

e;eiq#"k%

fr"B

fr"Bre~

fr"Br

mkeiq#"k%

fr"Bkfu

fr"Bko

fr"Bke

ifjf'k"Ve~ 95

uh&u;~ ysuk
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
u;fr
u;fl
u;kfe

f}opue~
u;r%
u;Fk%
u;ko%

cgqopue~
u;fUr
u;Fk
u;ke%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
us";fr
us";fl
us";kfe

f}opue~
us";r%
us";Fk%
us";ko%

cgqopue~
us";fUr
us";Fk
us";ke%

y~ydkj (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

,dopue~
vu;r~
vu;%
vu;e~

f}opue~
vu;rke~
vu;re~
vu;ko

cgqopue~
vu;u~
vu;r
vu;ke

96 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

yksV~&ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

u;rqq
u;
u;kfu

u;rke~
u;re~
u;ko

u;Urq
u;r
u;ke

fpUr~ lkspu
ukk
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%
e;ei#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

fpUr;fr
fpUr;fl
fpUr;kfe

fpUr;r%
fpUr;Fk%
fpUr;ko%

fpUr;fUr
fpUr;Fk
fpUr;ke%

y`V~ydkj% (Hkfo";r~dky%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%

fpUrf;";fr
fpUrf;";fl
fpUrf;";kfe

fpUrf;";r%
fpUrf;";Fk%
fpUrf;";ko%

fpUrf;";fUr
fpUrf;";Fk
fpUrf;";ke%

ifjf'k"Ve~ 97

y~ydkj (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%

vfpUr;r~

vfpUr;rke~

vfpUr;u~

e;eiq#"k%

vfpUr;%

vfpUr;re~

vfpUr;r

mkeiq#"k%

vfpUr;e~

vfpUr;ko

vfpUr;ke

yksV~&ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

Fkeiq#"k%

fpUr;rqq

fpUr;rke~

fpUr;Urq

e;eiq#"k%

fpUr;

fpUr;re~

fpUr;r

mkeiq#"k%

fpUr;kfu

fpUr;ko

fpUr;ke

mi;qZDrkuqlkjeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] ik] n`'k~] /ko~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~]
b"k~] fey~&Hk`rhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

98 #fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

fVIi.kh

ifjf'k"Ve~ 99

fVIi.kh

100#fpjk & Fkeks Hkkx%

fVIi.kh