Copyright 2011 KSAE

1225-6382/2011/1 11-05

Transactions of KSAE, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.29-37 (2011)

*1) 2) 3)
1)

2)

3)

()

Study on the Modal Test for a Turbocharger Wheel

Using Vibro-acoustic Responses
*1)

2)

3)

Hyeongill Lee DugYoung Lee Hoil Park

1)

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Gyeongbuk 742-711, Korea
2)
School of Automotive, Industrial, Mechanical Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea
3)
Test Evaluation Team, Keyyang Precision Co. Ltd., 1012-4 Eungmyeong-dong, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongbuk 740-180, Korea
(Received 15 March 2010 / Accepted 6 December 2010)

Abstract : The modal characteristics of a compressor wheel of an automotive turbocharger have been investigated
using an experimental method based on an acoustic frequency response function, p/f(), where p is sound pressure
radiated from a structure, and f is impact force. First, a well-defined annular disc with narrow radial slots was examined
to check whether the vibro-acoustic test could precisely determine natural frequencies and vibration modes of structures
showing that the vibro-acoustic test proposed in this paper was comparable to the conventional modal test with an
accelerometer and the numerical analysis. The conventional method has been found to be inappropriate for compressor
wheel because of additional mass due to the accelerometer and additional damping from the accelerometer cable alter
the dynamic responses of the wheel blades. Modal characteristics of the wheel have been defined using vibro-acoustic
test and verified with the results from another conventional method using a laser vibrometer. Natural frequencies and
mode shapes of a turbocharger wheel, which can't be precisely obtained with conventional method, could be defined
accurately without the additional effects from sensor and cable. Proposed method can be applied to small structures
where conventional sensors and cables could generate troubles.
Key words : Turbocharger wheel( ), Modal characteristics(), Radiated sound(),
Natural frequency(), Mode shape()

Subscripts

Nomenclature 1)
2

: acceleration, m/s

: mode vector based on a/f() FRF

: applied force, N

: mode vector based on p/f() FRF

: sound pressure, Pa

: mode vector based on v/f() FRF

: surface velocity, m/s

: angular frequency, rad/s

: mode vector

1.

Corresponding author, E-mail: hilee@knu.ac.kr

. ,
29

1)

,
,
.

10,11)

. (1)

(LTI)

. (2)

. (3)

.1-3)

. (1)

. ,

. (2)

. (3)

Laser Vibrometer

4)

2.

(Crack),

.5-8)

2.1
,

.9)

, , ,

. ,

Fig. 1
.

(Impact hammer)

30

19 3 , 2011

.
.

3.
3.1
Fig. 1 Configuration of an automotive turbocharger

.6) Fig. 3
.

2.2

200,000

/ (Frequency Response

Function - FRF), p/f() .

. ,

p/f

() .

FRF

Fig. 2 ,

/ FRF [a/f()]

,

.

Fig. 2 Components consisting of a turbocharger12)

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the vibro-acoustic modal test

using p/f()

Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2011

31

Hyeongill Lee DugYoung Lee Hoil Park

3.2
3.1

Table 2 Modal characteristics of the disc obtained by 3

methods

, Fig. 4 Table 1

, (PCB 086E80)
(PCB 352C23)
.
,
24
(PCB 130D20)

p/f()
. p/f()
.

,

a/f()
. 4,512 2,104

, . Table 2
,

.

()
Modal Assurance Criteria - MAC
.

13)

Fig. 4 Annular disk containing 4 equally spaced, identical

narrow radial slots
Table 1 Disc dimensions and material properties

32

Outer radius (a)

139.0 mm

Inner radius (b)

82.5 mm

Thickness (h)

3.2 mm

Slot length (a-r0)

25.0 mm

Slot sector angle ()

1.1

Mass density ()

7905.9 kg/m

Young's modulus (E)

205 GPa

Poisson's ratio ()

0.29

19 3 , 2011

(1)

,
a a/f() , p
p/f() r
s .

3

(1) a/f

() p/f()
MAC .

Study on the Modal Test for a Turbocharger Wheel Using Vibro-acoustic Responses

Table 3 MAC between mode vectors of the disc based on the

a/f() and p/f() FRF

Mode
from
a/f()

#1
#2
#3
#4

#1
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.01

Mode from p/f()

#2
#3
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.01
0.73
0.00
0.10

#4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.99

4.1


Fig. 5 Table 4
.

Table 3 ,
MAC
MAC
.
, Table 2
, p/f()
.

4.
,

.
,

. ,
.

Fig. 5 Sample automotive turbocharger compressor wheels

Table 4 Major specifications of a compressor wheel
Item
Outer radius
No. of large blades
No. of small blades, splitters

Numeric value
92 mm
7
7

, ,

0.2g (PCB 352C23)

. (Fig. 5 1

) ,

a/f() FRF .

a/f() Fig. 6 .

, [a/f()]13 3 1

FRF. ,

. Fig. 5

[a/f()]11

, ,

Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2011

33

Fig. 6 a/f() for the sample wheel. Key: --, [a/f()]11; ,

[a/f()]12; , [a/f()]13

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the vibro-acoustic modal test

for the sample compressor wheel

. ,
FRF
. ,

.

4.2
4.1
3
Fig. 5 Table 4
. Fig. 7
,
1 (PCB

130D20) , (PCB

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of the modal test for the sample

compressor wheel using a laser vibrometer

086E80)

Laser Vibrometer

p/f() .

. Fig. 8 Laser Vibrometer

1)

, 2)

Laser Vibrometer

1/4

/ FRF(v/f())

. p/f()

34

19 3 , 2011

4.2.1 FRF

Fig. 5 Table 4

Table 5 Modal characteristics of the wheel based on p/f()

and v/f()

, . ,
Driving Point FRF
Fig. 9 .

Fig. 9 Driving point FRF of the sample wheel. Key: , [p/f

()]11; , [v/f()]11; --, [a/f()]11

FRF
, FRF
. ,
FRF[a/f()11] ,

,

.
4.2.2

FRF, p/f() v/f()

6 , Table 5
.
.
,
0.1% .
,

3.1
.

4.2.3 MAC Value

3 MAC ,
Laser Vibrometer v/f()
p/f()
.

(2)

Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2011

35

Hyeongill Lee DugYoung Lee Hoil Park

Table 6 MAC of the wheel mode vectors based on the p/f()

with reference to those based on v/f()

Mode
from
v/f()

Mode from p/f()

#3
#4
#5

#6

(1)

#1

#2

#1

0.79

0.00

0.05

0.02

0.00

0.00

, (2)

#2

0.00

0.78

0.04

0.02

0.00

0.00

#3

0.03

0.03

0.67

0.26

0.00

0.00

#4

0.01

0.04

0.33

0.87

0.04

0.05

#5

0.02

0.00

0.03

0.09

0.88

0.00

#6

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.05

0.00

0.85

(2) v v/f()
. Table 6
. ,

.

5.


.

, .


,


.

/ FRF
6
. , Laser Vibrometer
, ,
.

4 ,

,


.
36

Laser Vibrometer
.

19 3 , 2011

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Study on the Modal Test for a Turbocharger Wheel Using Vibro-acoustic Responses

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Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2011

37