CN BNG RTO TURBINE - NGUYN NHN GY RA RUNG NG Rung ng l mt hin tng kh phc tp.

C nhiu nguyn nhn lm cho rto turbine rung, m mt trong nhng nguyn nhn l s mt cn bng ca rto. V vy trc lc cn bng cn phi loi tr tt c cc nguyn nhn gy rung khc. Khi rto quay khi lng mt cn s gy ra mt xung lc lm rung ng turbine; xung lc c tnh theo cng thc: G C = = 2 R[ kG ] g
Trong C - xung lc sinh ra do mt cn bng .kG; G - trng lng ca trng khi mt cn bng , kG g = 9,81 gia tc trng lc , cm/s2, tc gc , 1/s; R - bn knh trng tm ca trng khi mt cn bng , cm,

3,14.n 30

n - s vng quay ca rto vg/ph nu ly trng lng ca trng khi mt cn bng ca rto l 0.500 kG trn ng knh r = 80cm, th vi n = 1500vg/ph xung lc s l:

0,5 3,14.1500 C= .80 = 1000kG 981 30

V vi n =3000 vg/ph

0,5 3,14.3000 .80 = 4000kG 981 30 T ch thy trng lng mt cn bng l 0,500kG trn ng knh 0,8m th n = 1500vg/ph pht sinh ra mt xung lc 1000kg v khi n= 3000vg/ph lc y s tng ln 4000kg. R rng khi lm vic vi rto mt cn bng nh vy turbine s b rung ng mnh . Rto mt cn bng tnh l rto m cc trng khi mt cn bng tp trung thnh mt khi , do trng tm ca rto khng nm trn trc quay m lc quay s sinh ra mt lc ly tm. Lc cn bng ng th trng khi mt cn bng ca rto sinh ra hai lc ly tm ngc chiu nhau v khng nm cng nm trn mt mt phng vung gc vi trc quay. Trong trng hp ny ch khc phc bng phng php cn bng ng . Thng thng ngi ta tin hnh cn bng r to turbine trn my cn bng , bi v cn bng trn gi ca n s vng lm vic rt phc tp, phi m np nhiu ln gia trng. Ngc li rto ca my phi cn bng ti b s vng lm vic u vit hn, song trong trong mt s trng hp s cha cng phi cn bng trn my cn bng. Tuy vy khng phi bao gi cn bng cn bng ti my cng a n kt qu tt, v khi ta cho my lm vic s vng nh mc no cn chu nh hng mt s nguyn nhn khc nh vng ca trc s x dch cc b phn ca rto. Trong trng hp ny phi tip tc cn bng s vng lm vic nhiu ln.
C=

M HNH I- CN BNG TNH

L

A 8mm

b cn bng tnh a

CHI TiT CN BNG

da quay ct

vng bi

Thay v bn dng 2 thanh tam gic cn bbn c th dng 2 da quay nh th ny cho mt u b cn bng b thng khi ngi ta tin hnh cn bng tnh ngi ta t vt cn bng ln trn b cn bng ging nh hnh trn. b cn bng gm hai gi lm bng st nh hnh hn li hoc c bng gang . trn mi gi t mt thanh m tit din ngang l hnh tam gic u ging nh hnh v. Thanh phi chc khi b vng lc t rto vo, thng ch to bng thp cng, mt trn ca thn phi gia cng bng gim ma st. Chiu di ca thanh phi chn bng 1,5-2 ln chu vi c trc , tu theo trng lng ca rto m chn chiu rng ca thn cho c trc v thanh khi b mp. thng thng c th chn tu theo trng lng ca chi tit cn cn bng v nn trong cc gii hn sau: i vi chi tit : nng n 250kg; chiu rng thanh : 4mm 500kg : 6mm 750kg : 8mm 1000kg : 10mm mun c chnh xc hn , chiu rng ca thn c th tnh theo cng thc sau; 0,35TE , cm a= 2 .d
Trong : T - trng lng ca rto tc dng trn thanh ,kG g mun dn hi ca kim loi ,kG/cm2 - i tng thp tt E =( 2.02,2) 106 kG/cm2 - i vi gang E = (0,88 1,14) 106 kG/cm2; - ng sut nn cho php kG/cm2 D - ng knh c trc , cm ng knh c trc c th tnh theo cng thc :

d=

G.L , cm 4.0,1 u

G - trng lng ca rto, kG L - khong cch gia cc im ta , cm u- _ ng lc un cho php , kG/cm2

Trc lc cn bng cn ch : a) lp b cn bng cho tht tt. B cn bng tht vng chc b) v sinh cc chi tit cho tht sch , c) phi bo m cho hai thanh song song v nm trong mt mt phng ngang, dc ca thn cho php l 0,1mm trn 1m v khng song song l 2mm cho 1m chiu di. d) trc ca chi tit cn bng phi t vung gc vi thanh o. Vic cn bng tnh bao gm hai phn : a) Phi cn bng rto nh th no t bt k v tr no cng t c cn bng bn vng . Mun t yu cu cn chia vng trn ca da ra lm su phn . phi cho thm i trng vo cc im i nhau nh th no dt hai im i xng trn mt mt phng ngang ta c th cn bng bn vng . b) xc nh lng mt cn bng cn tn ti do lc v lc ma st gia c trc v thanh .

mun vy, cng nh trn ta t hai im i xng nhau trn mt mt phng ngang ( dim 1 v im 4 hnh 2) . im 1 ta gn thm dn mt trng lng nh ( t 10- 25G tu theo trng lng ca rto) cho n lc rto bt u quay. sau ly trng lng ra cn v ghi vo bng v d nh sau: im s trng lng gn 1 18 2 10 3 18 4 33 5 40 6 33

tin hnh lm nh vy i vi tt c su im . sau v ng cong c dng nh mt . ng sin theo tr s b nht Amin trn ng cong ta xc nh v tr nng ca rto . c6n bng th cc im i xng vi n tc l v tr cc i Amax ca ng cong ta ta t dc trng lng cn bng . tr s cc i lng cn bng xc nh theo cng thc : A Amin , G; Q = max 2
Amax tung cc i ca ng cong.G Amin tung cc tiu ca ng cong. G

Trn hnh 2 tung trung bnh ca ng cong cho ta tr s ma st gia c trc v thanh . A Amin + Amin, K= max 2 c) xc nh v tr t trng lng c nh cn bng chi tit . c th gp mt s trng hp m chi tit khng c v tr gn trng lng cn bng . trong nhng trng hp nh vy th phi khoai bo bt kim loi pha khng cn bng. H NH II
60 50 1 2

Bin

40 30 20 10 0

d a b c
6 3

cc im t gia trng th xc nh v tr v trng lng mt cn bng

Khi phi bo bt kim loi da turbine th phi xt n tnh an ton v bn vng ca da. Lc gn gia trng c nh phi ch lm cn thn trnh khng cho lc ly tm lm vng mt gia trng. Chiu dy lp kim loi bo bt c th tch theo cng thc : 10.G S= ,mm; Y .F y : G - trng lng kim loi phi bo , G y - t trng kim loi G/cm2; F - din tch lp kim loi phi bo, cm2 Gia trng c nh cn bng c lm bng thp CT3 hoc thp khng r tu nhit lm vic v khng nn t tp trung vo mt im m b tr di dng mt cung nh. Khng cho php dng hn in gn cc trng lng cn bng khng c hn p v khoan l vo da turbine . nu nh gn gia trng cn bng c nh t ngay ch t gia trng tm thi lc cn bng th phi cn thn cho hai trng lng bng nhau , k c trng lng vt gi. nu t mt v tr c ng knh khc th trng lng c nh c tnh chuyn nh sau:

r ,G; Q = QB. R
QB - trng lng ca gia trng cn bng tm thi , G; R - ng knh ca im t gia trng tm thi , cm; R - ng knh ca im t gia trng cn bng c nh, cm; --------------------------//----------------------------

L TRNG MN