Screening Methods Analgesic Drugs

Dr. KEERTHI SAGAR J

 Pain : Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual & potential tissue damage an aversive sensory experience caused by actual or potential injury that elicits progressive motor and vegetative reactions, results in learned avoidance behaviour, and may modify species specific behaviour, including social behaviour.

Need for New Drugs

Classification of Screening Methods

In Vivo Studies In Vitro Studies Neuropathic Pain Models

Classification of In Vivo Screening Methods

Chemical Stimulation Methods Electrical Stimulation Methods Mechanical Stimulation Methods Thermal Stimulation Methods Writhing Test Randal Selitto Test Formalin Test

Classification of In Vivo Screening Methods

Chemical Stimulation Methods Electrical Stimulation Methods Mechanical Stimulation Methods Thermal Stimulation Methods Electrical Stimulation of Tail Grid shock/ Flinch Jump Test Tooth Pulp stimulation in Rabbit Monkey Shock Titration Test

Classification of In Vivo Screening Methods

Chemical Stimulation Methods Electrical Stimulation Methods Mechanical Stimulation Methods Thermal Stimulation Methods Haffners tail clip Test

Classification of In Vivo Screening Methods

Chemical Stimulation Methods Electrical Stimulation Methods Mechanical Stimulation Methods Thermal Stimulation Methods Radiant Heat Method Hot Plate Method Tail Immersion Test

Chemical Stimulation Methods

Writhing Test
Principle Irritant Phenylquinone suspension 0.25ml Response = Stretching of abdomen + Stretching of one of the Hind Limb

Modifications
0.1ml of 0.65 acetic acid solution In rats 4% Sodium Chloride Solution

Randal Sellito Test

Principle Induction of Inflammation: o.1ml of 20% Brewers Yeast suspension

Formalin Test
0.05ml 0f 10% Formalin into dorsal portion of front paw Observation= Favoring of paw Protection= Both the paws are resting on the floor

Electrical Stimulation Methods

Electrical Stimulation of Tail

Stimulus: rectangular wave pulse, 40- 50 V, 1 Shock/s & Duration of Pulse is 2.5ms

Grid Shock Test/ Flinch Jump Test

Stimulus: 30 cycles per second square wave pulses with the duration of 2ms per pulse

Rabbit Pulp Stimulation

Anesthesia - Thiopental 15mg/kg/ fentanyl 0.2mg/kg Stimulus : rectangular current of 50Hz, duration of 1s. Starting current 0.2mA & at the interval of 0.1mA Response= licking, biting, chewing & head flick Threshold Current?

Monkey Shock Titration Test

Mechanical Stimulation Methods

Haffners Tail Clip Method

Response= Biting of the clip/ The tail near the location of Clip Cut off time= ARTControl + 3SD Positive Response= > Cut Off Time

Thermal stimulation Methods

Radiant Heat Method

Response 1. Escape Reaction 2. Spinal Reflex Cut off time = 6s

Hot Plate Method

Principle Response= Licking The Paw/ Jumping t- Test

Tail Immersion Test

Cut off time of Immersion= 15s Normal = 1-5.5s Positive= >6s

5 most common tests in medline used to test nociception

Neuropathic Pain
Chronic Nerve Constriction Injury DS= PWL Control- PWL Test

In Vitro Methods
3H-Naloxone Binding Assay 3H-Dihydromorphine Binding to Opiate Receptors in Rat Brain 3H-Bremazocine Binding to Opiate Receptors in Guinea Pig Cerebellum