4

Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces

1) Refraction of light through a glass block and a triangular prism (no calculation but approximate ray diagrams required); qualitative treatment of simple applications such as real and apparent depth of objects in water, apparent bending of sticks in water. 2) Total internal reflection in triangular glass prisms and a comparison with reflection from a plane mirrorQualitative only.)

0AConcise
(1)When a ray medium : i > r of
i

light

travels

from

rare

to

denser

angle of incidence refractio angle of n r 2) When a ray of light travels from denser to rare medium : r > i 3) If ray incident normally on the surface separating two media goes undeviated. i = 0, r = 0 4) Snells law of refraction :
sin r light goes from Ist to IInd medium light goes from IInd to Ist medium
1 2

n or 2n1 =

sin i
1n2 2n1

(5)

Principle

of

reversibility
1 2

Refractive index of 2 w.r. to 1 Refractive index of 1 w.r. to 2

n1

(6) Critical angle for a pair of media in contact is the angle of incidence in IInd medium corresponding to which angle of refraction in Ist medium is 90 . It isb y representedC
2 1

n n

= sin i sin r = C
sin

or

2 1

or
(7) Real and apprant

2 1

90 sin = sin C =
ofa
1

1 2

depth
r d

sin C

tank

real depth apparent depth A + m

(r for denser)

rare, for d

(8 )

Refractive

Index

= sin sin A/2 Angle of

an d (e 9) Angular

=A i e A =+ angle of energence, dispersion for white light

(where A deviation) r1 + r2

prism, m

angle

of

minimum

angle

of

deviation)

0= v

0= Difference of angles of deviation of two extreme colours of spectrum violet and red

Dispersive (10) prism

power

of

a
=

Angular
Mean
r
=

deviation
=
v

dispersion

r

(11)

=
e

a e

= e g

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