78

>XJ[e`d [b ** Yb 1419 ** X[] aeF

]yE ^N[pX C a\ X^
(Y[ YE`T[ Y[)

%XY] ^`
Possibly P [ MP E ^V %XVr]X [_ GcX E[ c^,
A[e T[ aT]_ ^V I c^, Tc_ P ^V %XVr]X c^, T[
Possibly P -- A[ ]X c[ aT (True) * Lukasiewiez Tg[ GC AEcO [E] \[ Middle truth value I E YE[^ ^N [V[
(modal logic) \b^ YE` E[KX* ]W] aT]X A[e YE[^
^N[V--A VRO [b^E AEcO a Y^G[ ^ Vr TX [FKX
TE %]V[ EL[ a[W^ LX AcO\[ YE` E[T Y[*
Possibly P aT ^FX P %XVr]X*
Possibly ~ P aT ^FX ~ P %XVr]X*

E ^FX P %XVr]X, TFX

~ P -- 3 %XVr]X*

ELcO, ^ EX [JX P ^FX AERO X^ [E YE`T c^

A[e ^ %XVr]X TFX MP, M~P, Mp, M~P A[e M P a[
[JXcO aT*
AFX E= [_T Y[ ^, ^V P %XVr]X c^, T[ MP
%XVr]X c[, E Lp (%Ud, Necessarily P) ]U c[* %[
AcO EU LX ^N[V GS ^E AE[V (%e`E aTE %X[^
aT [_) [ X^\a [_X, acO EU[ a T_X^*

`]S : X [ye`d [b * %`X 1419 ** b aeF

%[ aV[V[ AcO [F ^ S.L. Pandey EUT TT^ aT]_
%XVr]XT T[ UE YUE X^ T [MT EX %a[W c^ X*
%[ AFXcO AERO aeHTE \_ c^ GK* E[X YE[^
[W^ (modal predicate) M --A[ YET TdY^ c_ a[T*
E ^FX Mp --E aT (T) [_ c^, [ %XVr]X (I) [_ c^,
TFX, M -- A[ ]_ %UW[cO Y[[TX HRO ^^* AcO Y^G YE[^
^N[pX %UcX* ELcO aV[VE TT^ aT]_[ \b^
YE` E[ a+S \_*
Pradeep P Gokhale --

C Tg[ the Logical Structure of

Syadvada Y[ aPE \[cO [_KX ^, aV[VE YE[^
^N[V[ \b^ [F E[ PE X^* %e`E aT E %XVr]X
[_ PE X^* Gokhale [ ^N c_--AERO X^ c_ %e`E aTYE`E A[e A[ %U c_ AcO ^,
X^-[JXRO EX AE [`b VrEX UE aT A[e B [`b VrEX
UE T XJT\[ aT* Gokhale %[ [_X ^, AERO X^[E %[[ \~ AE VrEX UE %e`E \[ ]U A[e B
[`b \~ VrEX UE T XJT \[ ]U* Gokhale AEU
E[ E[X ^, AERO X^ [E[ aTT [ ]U UE EX
%XJ^T X:aT c^ X, ^V-C %XVr]XT AE YE[ %XJ^T[
LX V^*
AcO Ya AERO EU ={F E[ ^^ ^, Lukasievicz \[b
%YTE [E (Future contingcut statement ) E [F E[T

G^cO TT^ aT ]_ %XVr]XT[ W[XRO %X^X E[X* TX

(Luka siewicz) [_X, AcO LT^ \[b %YTE [JX aT-C X^,
]U-C X^* [[e T AE TT^ aT]_ [`r* TT^ aT]_[
[F Ya Tg[ ^N-C [E[ EX YE[ %XJ^T[ EU [_
X [ T EX YE[ %XJ^ T[ a-C ae`r X^* [[ e T a+S\ [
[E[ %YTET[ a ae`r*
Gokhale [_X, aV[V[ ly EX X^-[E[ %G ad

---A[ Y^G YETYl X^-[ERO[ %e`E aT YE`E J[yEcO

XV` E[* TcO TX AcO a E[X ^, ad -- A[ YET %U
cT Y[ (May be), c^T (Perhaps), [ a[T: (Possibly /
Probably) X^, [[e ad `[ YET %U c_---EX AE Vr\
UE (in a certain way) * aeT Y[\b^ ad `[ %U c_
EUT [ EX AE YE[, %[ aV[V ad `[ [
AEUEcO [M^* Gokhale %[ [_X ^, T[ AcO [F []_Eb
]T__ [ ]X XU]_ Y]F %WXE Y\T GX[ [-C a]UT*
Y[N %_JX UE %][ AEU %[`cO [_T Y[ ^,
aV[V[ %_JX Ya ad `[ ^ Gokhale V^KX, T
YETcO ^UU [F A[e aV[VE YE[^ ^N[pX[ \b^
YE` E[ AE[[cO PE X^* ELcO M. P. Marathe [ S.S.
Barlingay ETE a\E Modal Logic ---A[ \b^ YE` E[
TE YTE^T E[[ ^ Jr T a+S \[ [UT^ Y^[aT
A[e T EX\[cO GcX^G X^* [[e aV[V - a\ X^E
%X EX ^N[pX[ \b^ YTE^T E[ ^T Y[ EX a

[Y[ %]V[ ^[X cT c[* ^T LX aV[V-a\ X^,

%WXE ^N[pX[ [ a]UT cT Y[, %XE[V[ AcO
[`b \b `_RO %W XE YJT ^N[pX[ \w[ =Y[ YTT
cT Y[*
GYt :
1. Dhruva, A. B. Syadvadamanjari of Mallisena, Akshaya
Prakashan, New Delhi, 2008.
2. Lukasiewicz, Jan. Aristotles Syllogistic from the Stand point
of Modern formal Logic, Oxford University Press, 1957.
3. Haae, Susan. Deviant Logic some Philosophical Issues,
eambridge University Press, 1977.
4. Pandey, S. L. Nayavada and Many valued Logic, in Studies, in
Jainism, I Pgs Publication Poona, 1984.
5. Gokhale, P. P. The Logical Structure of Syat in Saydvada, in
Jaina Theory of Multiple Faccts of Reality and truth, ed. by
Nagin J. Shah, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 2000.
6. Marathe, M. P. An Analysis of Syat in Syadvada in Studies in
Jainism, 1 Pgs Publication, Poona, 1984.
7. Chellas, Brian F. Modal Logic : An Introduction, Cambridge
University Press, 1980.
8. Cook, T. R. A Dictionary of Philosophical Logic, Edinbury
University Press, 2009.
9. Barlingay, S. S. A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic, National Publishing House, New Delhi, 1965.
10. Va,

[]YaV, ^N[pX %\WX, acT aeaV, E_ET,

2002.

%J^ c[ Ya V ` C Tg[ LX [b^ E J J

%XY] ^`
X[ [I_[ pX JJ[ XX `F^ YUET[ aX ^g[ YY,
TX c_X %J^ c^ YaV `* Tg[ a+E XTX E [_[
%Yl [W c^ YPE[ EK XG^LX* a]G L[X [Y TX
\^T [V JJ[ [`bT: [ ` JJ^ XLE X^LT
[FK_X* TgE [V V^ \[T [V C [` JJ AEEU^
%a[* [ YJX C %pT YU TX %XaX C aeGc E[K_X*
T[ ]W 1. LX EU acT, 2. LX Y[X, 3. LX V`X [b^E
YgU KQ[-C LX [b^E YJ[ a] [\G[ ^ YgU TX aeGc
E[K_X* T aeF^, [b^ [............., %pT C V_\ YE[
%[[[ [J^ %T^*
]_T: [ `RO [b^E JJ^ Tg[ FT %]WE c_-C
LX [b^E JJ^ %J^ `[ ^ %Gc T [ YPE[ EKcO
%pT* AcO Y[ %][ %J^ c^ YaV `[ LX [b^E JJ^
AERO ael Y^_JX T_ W[[ Jr E[_]* ^ UE Tg[ LX
` [b^E %Gc[ Y[J^ YC^ ^[*
c[YaV ` [JT LX [b^E Y[ :
%J^ c[YaV ` [JT [\~ G[bX]_E Y[-X[ ^
cOT: T: [l \[ [\~ Yy YyEVT YE`T c^K, T[

YS aX YC^ Y^ V:aW* T[ ]W LX [b^E [JX[ aX

^ YC^ GK T Xo[Y:-1. [V`X YyE^ 1284 [ YE`T c^ [S C `]X
`[X]T AERO Y[*
2. acT Y[bd YyE^ 1304 [ YE`T c^ AERO
ly G[bX ]_E X[, ^[ `[X] EgRO^[ XERO Y LX
Yw_ Z_E*
3. YJ YyE^ 1360 a_ YE`T c^ [T X]T
Y[*
4. [` YyE^ 1339 [ YE`T c^ \[T[b[ W][
cOTca* AcO Y[ LX W] [b^E ael %_JX %K*
5. ceO [ L 1923 Fr YE`T c^ Magadhan Literature.
6. AKQ 1926 Fr YE`T c^

Absorption of the

vratyas.

7. 1922 Fr second oriental conference, Calcutta - ^

%J^ c[ YaV ` Sanskrit and Prakrit Section - A[ a\YT[
\bX YET \b C LX [b^E Tg[ ]XX`_ JX[ Y[J^
[FX* ARO Aistorical Review T YE`T c^*
8. 26.6.1914 a_ YFT BTcaE E`YaV L^a^_
ETE %J^ `E _F AERO JPT, %J^ ` _FT YRO_Yy

X]E AERO Y[[ ={F YC^ ^^* Y[RO [T]X V_\* T[

X] UE %X]T c^ ^, B Y[ \G[X ]c[[ C LX W]
[b^E EK ={F X E[* ^]XRO Tg[ _F [\~ Y[ %][
YcO*
9. =Vc[X [Y, 1925 a_ YE`T Dacca University
Bulletin No. 1 --- A Lokayata X]E Y[ YJX \[T[ J^E
_E^TE V[ %_JX Ya VG[ LX a+V^[ [b^-C
%_EYT E[KX*
10. 1924 a_[ 8cO ^...........^[ Rama, Dacca UE `^N
[X^Tb \vJ^E _FT Yy TX [X^Tb \vJ^ ]c`^E
LX W]-V`X-acT [b^E YgU aeGc =dacT E[KX* TX
_FKX . . . [[` FgRO^cO T]E \_ LXa [c[ E[T
ccO[* LX [cO mL[RO[ YWX a+w* TcO FgL E[* . . . *
11. %J^ c[YaV `[ AERO ={F^G ET YJX
\[T YgU [b^E JJ* J^E, [, LX Y\T [\~ V`X
a+V^[ YU[ ={F, Tg[ Notices of Samkrit Mss. [ Report
on serch for Mss. A[e Descriptive Catalogue of Mss. -- A Yc*O
A Ya ={F E[ ^^, ]Xr[, E_ C [X [........[V_^[
aeT[ %WYE, ^X aeT, YET, %Y}e` C LX [b^
G\[ YT[ %WE[ Pro........... Hermana Jacobi ETE %J^
c[YaV ` ]c`^E _FT AERO Yy* 1905 Fr[ 6th

Oct. Bonn UE %WYE Jacobi ` ]c`^E _FKX--- Thank

you very much for all the trouble you take with the proofs of the
Upamitibhava prapancakatha as well as the Samaraiccakaha.

={F YU] EUT GRO LX W][ XT]_E [cO* a]

`T[---_FE ab GX A[ [J^T* %[ T^ ={FT GRO
c_ YFT LX GE[ c[\V a[ [JT G* AcO G G........ \T[
V^ LX W][ YT [`bX E[ c^K* H. Jacobi ARO a+VX
E[X 1926 Fr* =N JPE TX ` ]c`^E WX[V
LX^KX AcO Gm_ [b^ Tg[ JT %\]T YVX[ LX*
JP[ `be` LX V`XE c[\V a[ [JT bQV`X ^J^
G[ ={F E[ Jacobi ` ]c`^E AcO G a...........E [`V
[[[X YPX[ LX-C %X[W E[X*
AcO a[ TU UE %][ %J^ c[YaV ` ]c`^[ LX
JJ^ [b^ %Gc[ AERO Y[J^ YcO* %L[X[Y \[T[VJJ[
a_ LX W]-V`X-acT C Td aey YJX YgU[ FgL, T[
[`V JJ, `V` C [V` YT[G[ a A [b^ Y^_JX
LX [b^E JJ^ Tg[ G\^ %X[G[ Y[J^ [cX E[*
TUYt :
1. c[YaV ae[SX _F]_*
2. ]c]cYW^ c[ Ya V ` ]a[^ _ \_ ^ , (X[VXU _c aVT)*
3. [V`X YyE*
4. acT Y[J^ YyE*
5. c[YaV ` [E aeE_X =`^E*