Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Vbs

Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs
- With Appendices to the Usage of Japanese Verbs
Created by : Ei Cohen Electronically published by : Personal Oce Telintalk Tokyo Japan Revised Edition : June 2010
JOBUN (Japanese Preface) Hissha

ga, kanari nenrei ga takaku natte kara, eigo igai no gaikokugo wo manabi, shounenjidai kara naganen ni watatte mananda eigo yori, jissai no yaku ni tatte iru korera no gaikokugo ni tsuite omou toki, gaikokugo no gakushuusha ni totte, ikani saisho no kyouiku mesoddo ( method) ga juuyou de aru ka wo omoi sirasareta. Sorera hukusuu no shurui no kotonaru gaikokugo wo osieru mesoddo ha, sorezore kotonatte ita nimo kakawarazu, tomoni sono chuusin ni suerarete ita no ga, dousi de atta. Sosite, hissha ga gaikokugo wo manabu tachiba de rikai si, gengo wo gaikokujin ni osieru ni atatte juuyouda to kangaeru koto ha, kono dousi no shuutoku de aru. Kore ha hotondo sinnen ni chikai mono de aru. Mochiron, kokode iu dousi no shuutoku toha, dousi wo ta no gengo youso kara kirihanasite itte iru no daha nai. Gyaku ni, dousi to setsuzoku suru ta no youso tono karami no nakade, kimerarete iru dousi no hataraki to gutaitekina imi no rikai ga nasareru koto wo iu node ari, sore ha gutaitekina hito to hito tono komyunikeeshon ( communication) no naka deno sityueeshon ( situation) ni oujita imi no ha'aku ni tsunagaru mono de aru. Kore ha gengo no chigai ni yora nai, huhentekina meidai da to hissha ha sinzuru. Hurikaette, waga nihongo wo gaikokujin ga shuutoku siyou to suru toki, kono koto ha issou juuyouna imiai wo motte kuru. Nihongo no dousi ha, sore jitai de, sono hataraki no tayousei wo motte iru bakari de naku, tokuni, tayouna jodousi ya josi ga kirabosi no gotoku dousi wo torimaite, jitsuni yuukitekina hokankankei wo motte, tagai no hataraki to imi wo kettei site iru. Kono ten ni oite, nihongo no jodousi to josi ha, sono kazu no oosa tomo aimatte, seioushokukugo no jodousi ya zenchisi no hatasu yakuwari wo ookiku ryouga siteiru to kakusin site iru. Sono you na kihontekina konseputo ( concept) ni tatte, "Jitsuyou kouza: OTO KARA MANABU NIHONGO" no hensan ni sakidatte, hissha ga massaki ni torikakatta koto ga, onsetsu lebelu ni tachi'itte sakusei sita kyousiyou to gakuseiyou no hatsuon kyouzai de ari, sore to narande, kono "NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" no hensan de ari, sore ni tomonatte hasei sita Jodousi no youhou to,tomoni Dousi no tsukaikata wo meguru samazamana juuyou jikou wo Hosoku (Appendix to site hensansi, sore wo bekko ni matomete hensan sita no ga kono "NIHONGO JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" de aru. Kono jiten ha, saki ni nobeta hissha no kanten wo gutaitekini akirakani site iru (mata sono ito wo motte hensan site iru) to sinzuru node, kono sho wo riyou sareru kata ha, dare simo, hissha no iwan to suru tokoro wo rikai sareru darou to omou. Mata kono jiten ha, jouki no "OTO KARA MANABU NIHONGO" no sankousho to site hensan sare, hissha no kangaeru gaikokugo to site no (tsumari, gaikokujin ni totteno ikokugo to site no) nihongo no kyouiku hou to yuukiteki ni ketsugou site iru. Kono jiten no kousei to siyouhou ha, tsugi no "Kono jiten no kousei to tsukaikata" de nobete aru ga, toriwake gaikokujin no shogakusha ni totte ha, kore wo tandoku de siyou suru yori ha, jouki no mesoddo no nakade "NIHONGO JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" to tomoni siyou suru hou ga nozomashii. Sikasi, aruteido nihongo wo shuutoku site iru gakushuusha ga, kyoumi ni sitagatte tandoku ni shiyussuru nara ba sono nihongo no chikara wo lebelu appu ( level up) suru noni yakudatsu koto mo tashika de aru. You ha, gaikokujin gakushuusha ga, nihongo no dousi wo meguru, jodousi to josi no kirabiyakana kyouen wo kakunin si, sono youhou wo etoku si, motte nihongo to Nippon no bunka wo yori hukaku rikai site itadakere ba, hissha no mokuteki ha tasse rare, ooi ni yorokobi to suru tokoro de aru.
Ei Cohen, 2010 nen 6 gatsu 15 nichi Jobun I
Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata
Kono
jiten niha NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN no tame ni hensan sareta 5-tsu no "Hosoku (Appendix)" ga matomerarete iru. Kore ni yotte, dousi to jodousi no youhou ni kansuru subete no youten ga moura sarete iru. Hosoku 1-I to 1-II ha, jodousi no youhou ni kansuru koto ga matome rarete iru. Hosoku 2 to 3, niha dousi no youhou no juuyoujikou no subete ga matome rarete iru. Hosoku 4 ha, sude ni nobeta youni, hukugoudousi no lisuto ( list) de aru. Hukugoudousi ni tsuite ha, NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN no Kono jiten no kousei to tukaikata wo sanshou sare tai. Kono Hosoku no uchi de, gaikokujin gakushuusha ni totte yori juuyou nano ha hajime no hutatsu de arou. Naze nara, Jobun de nobeta youni, jodousi ha, josi to tomoni, bunshou no naka deno tano goku no yakuwari to hataraki to imi wo kettei suru kara de aru. Mata jodousi to josi ha tagai ni hokanteki ni sorezore no yakuwari to hataraki wo kimeau. Sarani ichibu no jodousi ha, ta no jodousi no hataraki wo mo kimeru. Korera no youhou ni shuujuku suru koto ha, nihongo no gokan wo mi ni tsukeru noni taihen juuyoude aru.
[Kono jiten no kousei] A p pen dix

1 -I deha, tsugi no youna kousei ni natte iru.
Jodousi no midasigo ha [ ] no naka ni hyouji sarete iru. { Rei: [U ] ; [ SA SERU ] nado}
Kigou "
" ga tsuite iru midasigo ha, kotengo wo imi suru ga, sono naka niha genzai mo, gagotekina (tsumari, miyabi na) hyougen ya, jidaigeki ya jidaishousetsu nado de tsukawarete iru mono de aru. Tsukaware naku natte iru mono ha shuuroku sarete inai. { Rei: [ SIM U ] : > Shojou (wo) sitatame, tsukai no mono ni mota simu ( motte ika seta).}
Hitotsu no bunshou no hajimari ha, sude ni [NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN]

de nobeta youni, prompt-mark ( >) de meiji sarete iru.
Jodousi no kaku koumoku no yourei ha, tsugi no youna houhou de sikibetsu

sarete iru. * Reibunchuu ni arawareru tougai no midasigo no jodousi ha shatai no hutoji (bold-i talic ) de hyouki sarete iru. [Rei: > Sonna ni yuu nara, boku mo iku no wo yosou . ]
Jobun
II
* Douitsu reibun chuuno hoka no jodousi ha shataiji (italic) de hyoukisarete iru. [Rei: > Kongetsu kagiri de kono kaisha wo yame sas e te itadaki masu.] * Renzoku site iru jodousi ha ushiro no jodousi no saizu wo ookiku site wakete meiji site aru. [Rei: > Otto mo mou jiki modoru deshou kara, sibaraku chanomibanasi demo site i mashou . Yukkuri site ikeru no deshou ."] * In'youbun ya kan'you hyougen ha shitasen (underline) de meiji site aru. [Rei: > Ikura kuchi wo suppaku site itte mo chittomo kikou to si nai nda yo, ano ko ha.] [Rei: > Ame hutte dzi katamaru yatto hutari mo motono saya ni osamari souda na.]
Jodousi ni sakidatte tsunagaru hinsi ha, sono hinsi no eigomei no ryakugou

de ("R" +) no katachi de simesu. "R" ha hinsi no eigomei no ryakugou (tadasi josi no baai ha josi sono mono). [Rei: (V +), (A dj +), (no +) nado. "no " ha josi.]
Kono jiten ni tsukawarete iru ryakugou niha, kaki no youna mono ga aru.
V: Adj/adj: Adj v: Aux v: N / n: Adv/adv: dousi ( verb) keiyousi ( adjective) keiyoudousi ( adjective verb) jodousi ( auxiliary verb) meisi ( noun) hukusi ( adverb)
A p pen dix
1-II deha, jodousi no hataraki ga sono taigen site iru imi no katachide kubun sarete iru. Koko deha, midasi no jodousi ni tsunagaru hinsi no shurui ga kantan ni simesarete iru. { Rei: [U] (kategorii 1 no dousi to keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru)
Mata sorezore no jodousi no hataraki no kubun ni oujite reibun ga simesite

aru. Reibun ha asterisk (*) de hajimaru (tadasi kaku kou no saisho no reibun dake). Setsuzoku site iru dousi ha b old o-tai de meiji sare, midasigo no jodousi ha henkakei de 12 point no b old-tai ni shitasen (underline) de meiji site aru.
Jobun
III
{ Rei: [U ] (hanasite no isi) * "Saa, kore kara Yumi no tegami ni henji wo kako u ."}
Douitsu bunshou ni hokano jodousi ga aru baai ha, sore ha tanni bold-tai de
meiji site aru. [Rei: "Kyou ha mou dare mo ko nai da ro u ."]
Kono hosoku no sekushon (section) 2 niha sorezore no jodousi no kanouna

gokei henka subete no reibun ga ataerarete iru. Shousai ha sono kou no setsumei wo sanshou sare tai.
A p pen dix
2 deha dousi no tokushuna youhou ya zougohou, meirei no katachi, kateihou no katachi to setsuzoku suru oto ni yotte hikiokosareru gobi no oto no henka (Onbin) ni tsuite no gutairei ga simesarete aru. Kono onbin ni tsuite ha, sono oto no henka ni itaru keika ga zusikitekini simesarete iru node, gaikokujin gakushuusha nimo rikai siyasui darou to omowareru. [Honrai, kono oto no henka ha, nihonjin ga hatsuwa suru sai ni okoru koukuu nai to kokyuukikei deno seiritekina henka no kekka hikiokosareru mono de ari, tokubetsuna kisokusei ga sakini atta wake deha naku, ato kara soko ni kyoutsuu no kisokusei wo mitometa ni suginai. Mata jidai ni yotte onbin no katachi mo chigai, chihou ni yotte ha sono nagori wo todomeru onbin wo tsukau tokoro mo aru.] Izureni sitemo, kono otono henka mo, nihongo no gokeihenka no juuyouna youso to natte iru node, orosoka niha dekinai. Gaikokujin gakushuusha ha, kore wo tadasiku rikai site, sono kisokusei ni shuujuku suru hitsuyou ga aru.
A p pen dix
3 deha, gokei henka no shujusou ga reiji sarete iru.
Hajime ni, dousi ni setsuzokusuru go no chigai ni yoru henka ni tsuite rei ga

simesarete ari, saigoni dousi no kihonkei no daihyoutekina mono ni tsuite, kanouna henkakei ga reibun no naka de simesarete iru. Koko deha, dousi no kihonkei no bunpoutekina yobina ha tsukawazu, 5-tsu no kategorii ni wakete aru (cf. : sono youna bunpouyougo wo oboete mo gogaku shuutoku no tasi ni nara nai to omou tame de aru.) Sorezore no daihyouteki na dousi ni tsuite, ono'ono 8-tsu no setsuzoku pataan ( patern) (kore mo honsho de ha bunpoutekina meishou ha tsukawa nai) ni tsuite, reibun ga simesarete aru. 5-tsu no henkakei no kategorii to 8-tsu no setsuzoku pataan to iu gainen ha, gaikokujin gakushuusha ga yokeina bunpou yougo ni chuui wo sorasareru koto naku, gakushuu dekiru youni to no hairyo kara de ari, hissha ga kangaedasita mono de, shourai, nihongo no gengogaku wo senkou sen to
Jobun
IV
suru hito ha, izure Nippon de saiyousarete iru tadasii yougo wo manabi naosu hitsuyou ga aru koto ha, gen wo mata nai.
Appendix
2 to 3 ni kansite ha, koko deha rei wo ageru koto ha shouryaku suru. Sorezore no kaisetsu wo sanshou saretai.
Ijou ga kono jiten no naritachi ni tsuite no gaiyou de aru. Kono jiten ha, hajime
nimo nobeta youni, mikan no "Jitsuyou kouza: OTO KARA MANABU NIHONGO" no sankousho to site hensan sareta. Koko ni agerareta reibun ha, akumade mo hissha no sokkyoutekina sakubun ni yoru. In'youbun ni tsute sae, omoitsuki de agerareta ni suginai. Sitagatte sorera ga saitekina mono de aru toha kagira nai to omou ga, "wareware ippanjin ga sono go wo tsukau to sureba, kou naru", to iu hitotsu no sankourei de aru. Kono koto ha juuyou de, gaikokujin gakushuusha ga, shourai, korera no kotoba wo ouyou site yuku sai ni, kanarazu ya yakudatsu darou.
Kono jiten no siyou ha, kihonteki niha, roomaji hyouki no nihongo gakushuu
tekisuto wo tsukatta jugyou de nasareru beki mono to omou. Tokuni shogakusha ya, amari goi no houhude nai shokyuu no gakushuusha deha, bekko ni siyou suru koto ha, hotondo imi no nai koto darou to kangae rareru kara de aru. Sikasi aruteido no lebelu ( level) made nihongo wo shuutoku sita gakushuusha ga, tsukaikata wo saikakunin sitari, goi wo huyasitari suru tame ni riyou suru koto ha kanou de ari, imi no aru koto kamo sire nai. Sou iu imi deha izure chikai shourai ni, roomaji hyouki dake de naku, nihongo no mojitaikei wo tsukatte hensan suru hitsuyou mo aru darou to, hissha ha kangaete iru. Tomokaku mo, kono jiten no reibun ha, tannaru reibun no rekkyo ni todomarazu, toki niha, reibun jisin ga aruteido monogatarisei no aru monode attari, hitotsu no kaiwa ni natte itari suru node, riyou suru toki ha, joukei nado wo imeeji ( image) site, yomi katsu riyou suru koto wo osusume suru. Mata korera no reibun wo sozai ni site, monogatarisei no aru kaiwa ya sakubun wo kousei sitari suru nomo hitotsu no riyouhou deha nakarou ka, to omou sidai de aru.
*******
2010 nen 6 ga tsu 15 ni chi Ei Cohe n
Jobun
Honsho ni tsukawarete iru onsetsu
Honsho
niha ika no hyou ni hutojitai de simesu youna nihongo no onsetsu ga tsukawarete iru.Nao [ ] nai no onsetsu ha, gai koku no chime i, jinmei, gairai go no katakana-hyouki de siyou sareru. (*) ha hanboin "n" no oto wo imi suru. \ k s t a ka sa ta i ki si u ku su e ke se te o ko so to \ ky sh ch a kya i u kyu e o Kyo Sho Cho [ts o] Ny o Hyo My o ry o [ly o] N (ung)* Gy o Jo (djo) [dz o] Byo Pyo
sha [shi] shu [she ] cha chi chu che
[ti ] [tu ] chi tsu nu hu mu yu
ts [tsa ] [tsi ] tsu [ts e ] ne he me no ho mo yo ro [lo] wo go zo do bo po gy j ny hy my nya hya mya ry rya [ly] [lya ] gya ja (dja) ji nyu hyu myu ryu [lyu ] gyu -
n h m y r [l] w g z d b p
na ha ma ya ra [la] wa ga za da ba pa
ni hi mi -
ri ru re [li] [lu] [le ] gi [zi] ji [di ] bi pi wu gu zu du bu pu ge ze de be pe
ju je (dju) (dje)
dz [dza ] dzi dzu [dz e ] by py bya pya byu pyu -
[(Chuu) :
"ja"-gyou no ( ) nai ha nihon go no honrai no oto ni chikai oto wo arawasu. Tadasi hyoukihou ha juurai doori no kanrei ni sitagatte iru.]
Jobun VI
English Preface to The Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs [NIHONG JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN ZENBUN]
This is a kind of Dictionary, in which the author, Ei Cohen intends to show foreign learners how to use Japanese Auxiliary Verbs in connection with Japanese Verbs. This dictionary was made firstly at the same time when the author edited the Usage of Japanese Verbs, a Dictionary[NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN] as Appendices to the latter one during early 1990s. The history of the edition of these kinds of Dictionaries is briefly written in the Preface to the latter dictionary, so it would be better not to be repeated here. As is referred to in the Preface to the latter Dictionary, every Japanese Auxiliary Verbs (Jodousi) have their own features and functions in conjugation with verbs to give certain definitive meaning in the context written. The real meanings of every Japanese verb often couldnt be defined finally without any of auxiliary verbs as well as Auxiliary Particles (Josi). In Japanese language readers or listeners could understand through the auxiliary verbs used in any of expressions what kind of speaker/speakers would pronounce such expressions to whom (i.e. to what kind of receiver/receivers of such message as well as of what kind of objective persons told in such message. Also you can comprehend psychological conditions of a speaker or a listener in the message as well as the circumstances around them. For example, to make you ease to understand what I want to say, I show you a Japanese expression here. (Saki ni tegami wo soete motase te yarim asi ta node sorosor sochira ni mairu koro da to omoi masu uketorare m asi tara , sono mama uchi ni modoru youni omousitsuke kudasai ma se ( ) .)[In English may be like this for example: Ive let Saki to bring (it) to you and shortly she may get to you; when youll have received (it), please say her to get back home soon.] When you can understand in Japanese you would find out there is much difference in the real meanings between Japanese and English, and those who can understand only in English may not understand delicate nuance in meanings which is contained in several highlighted with bold-italicized and underlined Auxiliary verbs. I think it is because of differences of cultures in human relationship between Japanese and
English Preface to The Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs [NIHONG JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN ZENBUN]
English societies. As such you can understand the importance of auxiliary verbs (as well as auxiliary particles) in definition of the final meanings of every expression through those examples of usage of verbs given in this Dictionary as well as the Usage of Japanese Verbs. And then the author may feel happy if every user reach to understand the concept of the author and to be familiarized with usage of every auxiliary verbs and auxiliary particles as well in connection with various Japanese verbs. As of configuration and how to use this Dictionary follows below a brief explanation about them. June 15, 2010 Personal Office Telintalk Ei Cohen
ii
Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

This Dictionary consist of five parts: Appendix 1-I, Appendix 1-II, Appendix 2, Appendix 3 and Appendix 4. Appendix 1-I and Appendix 1-II summarize the matters how to use the auxiliary verbs and relative elements in Japanese language. While Appendix 2 and 3 provide all of important matters around the usage of Japanese verbs. The Appendix 4 is merely a List of the compound-verbs that are more important (i.e. mainly might be frequently encountered) in the practices with Japanese language. For the List of Compound Verbs you should refer to the paragraph the Configuration and How to use this Dictionary of the Usage of Japanese Verbs. Among these Appendices the most important for the foreign learners may be the former two Appendices. Because, as referred to in the Preface, Auxiliary verbs together with Auxiliary Particles may define the features, functions and the real meanings of the other words in any of expression. Furthermore, Auxiliary verbs together with Auxiliary Particles complementarily define each other their features and functions in the given sentences. And then some auxiliary verbs may define functions of another auxiliary verbs appeared in the same sentences. So it is important for learners to have the sense of Japanese language that familiarize with characteristics and usage of these lingual elements such as auxiliary verbs and auxiliary particles.
[Configuration of this Dictionary] Appendix 1-I consists of following constructions.

Entry word of auxiliary verb is shown in the parentheses [ ] {Example: [U ][S AS ER U ] etc} Entry word with a sign " " is a classic word, but among such classic words there may be several words which are used also currently in the expression and/or conversation in more elegant style and often may read or hear in the classical or historical dramas or novels or romances etc. {Example: [S IMU : > Shojou wo sitatame, tsukai no mono ni ] mota sim u ( motte ika se ta )
Those words ceased from being used in any style are omitted from this Dictionary. All sentences start with a so-called prompt sign (>), as used in the Usage of Japanese Verbs like this: [ e.g.: > Korar e tara kite morae masen ka.]. * Each entry item of Auxiliary verbs is highlighted in the example sentences with bo ld- italic fonts like this: [ e.g.: > Sonna ni yuu nara, watashi mo iku no wo yosou .] * Auxiliary verbs other than the entry one in the same sentence are indicated simply with italic fonts.

[ e.g.: > Kongetsu kagiri de kono kaisha wo yame sase te itadaki masu .]
When a pair of auxiliary verbs continually appears in the same sentence, the former one is indicated simply with italicized fonts or with bold-italic fonts (if it is the entry item), while the latter one is highlighted by use of greater size of fonts like this: [ e.g. : [MASU] > Otto mo mou jiki modoru deshou kara, sibaraku chanomibanasi demo site i ma shou . Yukkuri site ikeru no deshou ."] * Auxiliary particles used in a sentence may be indicated simply by sue of italicized fonts like this: [ e.g.: [MASU] > Kuru toha kiite mase n desita yo. Kuru nara kuru de mae motte sirasete oite hoshikatta desu ne .] * Expressions referred or idiomatic phrases are highlighted by underlines, and if it is referred from any of the well-known works there may be followed the title of the referred work with its authors name like this:
> Ikura kuchi wo suppaku site itte mo chittomo kikou to si nai nda yo, ano ko ha.] [ e.g.: Ame hutte dzi katamaru yatto hutari mo motono saya ni osamari souda na .] [ e.g.: Otoko mo su naru niki wo omuna mo site mim u tote su nari. (Kino Tsutayuki:-Tosa Nikki yori) ] [ e.g.: In the indication (if any) for any part of speech, there may be showed the said part in the form of (R +) where the R is the abbreviation of the English name of the said part of speech provided that if it is an auxiliary verb it is the said auxiliary verb itself. [eg.: ( V +), ( Adj +), ( no +) etc. "no is the said auxiliary " verb.]

In this Dictionary there are used following abbreviations of parts of speech. V: Adj/adj: Adj v: Aux v: N / n: Adv/adv: ( ( ( ( ( ( verb) adjective) adjective verb) auxiliary verb) noun) adverb)
In the Ap pe nd ix 1 -II, the functions of auxiliary verbs are categorized according to the meanings embodied in the auxiliary verbs themselves. Then there are indicated possible kinds of the part of speech, which may follow to the entry item of the auxiliary verb. { e.g.: [U] (it follows after any of verb of category 1, adjectives, and adjective verbs.) * Examples of usage are shown in accordance to the category of functions of the auxiliary verbs. Here the examples of sentences start with asterisk (*) but only for the fist example. The verbs followed by auxiliary verbs are indicated by use of bold style of fonts, then if it is the entry item the said auxiliary verb is shown by the font of bold style of greater (12 or 14 point) with being highlighted by a single underline. { e.g.: [U] (hanasite no isi) * "Saa, kore kara Yumi no tegami ni henji wo ka ko u()."} In the Section 2 of this part of Appendix there are provided various examples of use in whole possible conjugations of Auxiliary Verbs. For the details see the related paragraphs in the sections. Ap pe ndi x 2 is mainly dedicated to the verbs. There are provided lots of specific and typical tips in using the Japanese Verbs together with auxiliary verbs and auxiliary particles such as rules of word coinage, formation of imperative mood with relative mode of expression for the imperative mood, formation of conditional mood with several possible expression for it, as well as so called the Onbin which means the

unique mode of mutation of sound in the inflecting part of words (especially that of verbs and auxiliary verbs). Learners could grasp a certain sense of such grammatical mode in practical use of verbs and auxiliary verbs that play quite important roles for appearing the meanings of verbs through various examples of usage. In the section about this Onbin there are illustrated paths from the original form of conjugation to the final form of it combined with the related auxiliary verbs (especially with [TA and [DA ] as well ]) as with other element of wording. So learner wouldnt feel any difficulty in comprehending such a typical mutation of sound. Additionally to say, this kind of mutation of sound originally is not related to any of grammatical rules. It is brought up from the physiological phenomenon of the Japanese people in relation simply to their oral cavity and respiratory system in the manner of speaking. As such, there was never any kind of rules firstly to make such mutation of sounds in connection with a certain word conjugating with another word. So you could find several types of mutation in real practices of Japanese speaking and/or writing depending on the historical periods and regional characteristics, you could find some old or classical traces or remains until now in somewhere of Japanese provincial regions. Any way learners shouldnt pass through this feature, because this kind of mutation of sounds is also an important element of conjugation in Japanese language. Ap pe ndi x 3 provides learners various features of conjugation of auxiliary verbs in connection with verbs and other elements in wordings. Firstly, there are shown sufficient number of examples of conjugations arising from the difference of words that are in connection with verbs, and lastly there are provided possible conjugations for the typical verbs in the examples of usage. There arent given any of grammatical terminology for the basic forms of conjugation, but they are divided merely in Five Categories. Because it is the authors belief that a lot of grammatical terms only could prevent learners to smoothly grasp the sense of Japanese language, but do not serve them to do so.

Then, there are provided examples of usage in the Eight Conjugation Patterns (without giving grammatical terms) for each of the typical verbs in each of Five Categories said above. Such concept is the unique for the author of this Dictionary, who intend to eliminate a kind of confusion and headache with grammatical terms from learners to make them easily grasp a certain sense of Japanese language. Finally, these are a brief explanation about the configuration of this Dictionary. Users of this Dictionary should take note that all of sentences or expressions of usage shown in this dictionary are solely those examples of usage of every word in the headings that randomly came up to the authors mind, i.e. they are the result of authors creation. Even the referred sentences and/or expressions or phrases are merely those that randomly came up in authors mind. So the author does not necessarily think that those examples would be optimal ones in using the given entry items. But author believes that such sentences and expression may come up in mind if an ordinal member of Japanese public uses such kind of word as given in this Dictionary. So the learners should keep in mind that these are merely examples, but not the best ones. This Dictionary could be used rather than better in the classes where the tutor/s may orally give instruction with writing methods of Japanese language using English characters. The tutors in such classes should give a plenty of examples other than those provided in this Dictionary. This Dictionary may be personally used as a by-reference book in a way of phonetic approach to Japanese language. But learners should read orally all sentences and expressions according to the instructed manner. In such manner learners may automatically familiarize also with Japanese writings as well. At the end, the author hope, you will feel happy in using this Dictionary as well as the Usage of Japanese Verbs, a dictionary thanking for your interest in these dictionaries.
The author welcome to receive your questions brought up in using these dictionaries. You can have contact with author via following e-mail address. Thank you for your kind attention. Best regards, June 15, 2010
Ei Cohen Personal Office Telintalk, Tokyo, Japan E-mail Address: eicohen@eikohen.com
MOKUJI (Contents)
Koum oku
Mokuji (Contents) JOBUN (Japanese Preface) Kono jiten no kousei to tsukaikata Honsho ni tsukawarete iru onsetsu English Preface Configuration of this Dictionary and How to use it
Peiji
i Jobun-I Jobun-II Jobun-I English Preface 1~3 English Preface 4~6 Appendix 1-I -1~17
{Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs}

1. 2. Hosoku 1-I: Jodousi no youhou Hosoku 1-II: Jodousi no hataraki to henkakei 1. 2. 3. Hosoku 2: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. . VIII. IX. Dousi no setsubigotekina youhou (ii) Appendix 2-24 ~ 33 Dousi no meireikei no iroiro 1. Iroirona meirei no katachi [Kinsimeirei] [Odayaka na meirei] 3. Sukoshi hurumekasii hyougen X. Appendix 2-34 Appendix 2-34 Appendix 2-36 Appendix 2-36 Appendix 2-37 Appendix 2-38 1. Tanjunna jouken 2. Jijitsu ni hansuru jouken, katei Appendix 2-38 Appendix 2-39 Jodousi no hataraki Jodousi no gokei henka Dousi no youhou arekore Mirai wo arawasu dousi no youhou Kako wo arawasu dousi no youhou Dousi no meisitekina youhou Dousi no keiyousitekina youhou Dousi no jodousitekina youhou Dousi no setsubigotekina youhou (i) Appendix 2-11 ~ 13 Dousi no zougohou Hukugoudousi no tsukurarekata Appendix 2-14 ~ 23 Appendix 1-II -1 Appendix 1-II-1 ~ 15 Appendix 1-II-16 ~ 26 Appendix 2-1 Appendix 2-1 Appendix 2-1 Appendix 2-2 Appendix 2-4 Appendix 2-6 ~ 9
2. Josi "na" wo tsukatta meirei no katachi
Katei, jouken wo arawasu dousi no youhou
MOKUJI (Contents)
XI. Gyakusetsu no hyougen deno dousi, jodousi no youhou Appendix 2-41 1. Jijitsu ni sokusita gyakusetsu no hyougen Appendix 2-41 2. Jijitsu ni nai katei ni motodzuku gaykusetsu Appendix 2-42 XII. ONBIN: dousi no oto no henka no sikata Appendix 2-43 1. Onbin wo hikiokosu josi, jodousi 2. Onbin no katachi a) [ I-onbin -] Oto no utsurikawari no keiro b) [U-onbin-] Oto no utsurikawari no keiro c) [Soku- onbin] Oto no utsurikawari no keiro d) [Hatsu-onbin] Oto no utsurikawari no keiro 3. Onbinga okiru dousi no katachi 4. Hosoku 3: Dousi no gobi Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-43 Appendix 2-43 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-44 Appendix 2-45 Appendix 2-45~62 Appendix 3-1 Appendix 3-1 ~ 3-2 Appendix 3-3 ~ 22 3. Dousi no kihontekina gobi no henka Appendix 3-23 ~ 40 4. [N*+SURU : Dousi no zougo hou ni tsuite no hosoku] Appendix 3-41 ~ 45 5. Hosoku 4: Hukugoudousi no lisuto Appendix 4-I ~ XII
1. Dousi no gokei
2. Dousi no kihontekina katachi ( daihyou rei)
ii
MOKUJI (Contents)
6.
Henshuu Kouki (Editorial Post Script Eigo (English) Nihongo (Japanese) Post Script - 1 Post Script - 2
iii
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
[ no sirusite aru mono ha bungo, mataha kotengo de tsukawareru.] [ U ] (V + ) > Ii tokoro ni kite kure ta na. Imakara kimi no tokoro ni yukou () to site ita tokoro da . > Korekara italia no yuujin ni tegami wo kakou to omou. > Sonna ni yuu nara boku mo iku nowo yosou ( ) . > Chikara sigoto ha wakai noni tanon de yatte moraou . > Kono soramoyou deha asu ha ame ga hurou . > Yuudachi dakara, sibaraku site yamou . > Kimi no hanasi wo kikase te moraou ka. > Oyome ni yukou () ga yuku mai ga watasi no katte desho-u . > Arou koto ka aru mai koto ka tsuma no uwaki no aite ga go nin mo ita. > Poruno ( pornography) wo yomou () ga yomu mai ga sono hito no katte da to omou n(o)da ga nee... nan dat te okami ga soko ni kuchi wo hasama nakyaa ikan noka ne. > Hosii to omotte ita tentaibouenkyou ga moraete, anoko mo yorokobou ( ). > Yukou () to omoe ba yuke naku ha nai n(o)darou ga, nani siro aitsu ha zubora de debushou to kite iru kara nakanaka mikosi wo age nai n(o)da yo. > Asu no siai niha minna ganbarou ze. > Yarou to omotta tte, dare ni demo dekiru koto jaa
nai yo, kore ha. > Ikura kuchi wo suppaku si te itte mo, chittomo kikou ( ) to si nai nda yo, ano ko ha.
(Adj + ) > Siberia no huyu ha sazo kasi samukarou ( )na. > "Yasukarou warukarou " ga atari mae to omo tte ii. > Taisetsu na hitorimusuko ni sina rete sazo kasi tsurakarou . > Ware ware ni dame tte hitori de yuku ki datta to mite yokarou . . (Adj v.+ ) > Musuko ga itsu made mo burabura site ite ha, oya mo huandarou . > Yama no yoru ha sidzukadarou ( ).> Dou da, ore no nakama wa minna yukaidarou . .> Ano baka daijin no atama ni ichigeki kurawasi te ya ttara, tsuukaidarou > naa. . > Iyagarou to iyagaru mai to, muriyari tsurete itte mizu ni hourikomu noga ano otoko no kyouiku hou nan da . (Aux.v. + ) > Minna de eiga wo mi ni iki mashou ( ). > Kono doresu ( dress) ga kini itta no nara, age mashou (). > Aitsu ha yorokonde iru youni itte ha iru ga, honsin ha soudeha
Appendix 1-I - 1
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
nakarou (). > Kono bun deha asu mo mata tenki darou ( ). > Toubun ame ga tsudzuku darou . > Mou yuka nakya naran no darou () . > Aitsu yuube ha kae tte ko naka tta ndarou ( ) ka. > Otto mo mou jiki modoru deshou ( ) kara, sibaraku chanomibanasi demo site irasshai mashou ( ). Yukkuri site ikeru n(o)deshou ( ) . > Watakusi domo no shukuen ni odekake kudasai mashou ( ) ya, gohenji kudasai mase . > Suki darou ( ) to kirai darou () to, si no go no iwase zu ni shotai wo motase chimae ba ii nda yo. Kannen site mi ga ochitsuku sa. Amayakasite oku to roku na yatsu ni nare nzo.
[ SA SU ] (V + ) > Sare ba omae nimo kikoe sa se tamae ba, osoba chikou ni mese tote, uchi'ide te tsure maira mu. > Warabe nado tsukae sasu () mo, ikkou ni kyou no noranu koto yo. [ SA SE RU ] (V + ) > Imakara Tatsuo wo kochira ni ko sa se te () hosii nda kedo. > Sorosoro shokuji no youi ga dekiru
node, kodomo tachi no famikon geemu ha yame sase te ( ) kuda saina. > Ano kaisha no keiei joukyou wo sirabe sase ( ) masita tokoro, taihen na husai wo kakaete iru koto ga wakari masita node, torihiki ha si nai to iu koto ni nari masita . > Anna abunai asobi ha yame sa se ro . > Kon getsu kagiri de kono kaisha wo yame sa se te () itadaki masu. > Dore dore, chotto kono hon wo mi sase te () kudasai. > Isoi de to itta nda kara, suguni ko sa se re () ba ii deshou, nani guzuguzu si teru nda ne.
[ KER A SI ] (Aux.v. + ) > Haru sugi te natsu ki ni ke ra si sirotahe no, koromo hosu tehu (<chou>) Ameno Kaguyama (Kokinshuu Mannyoushuu no Nukadano Ookimi no uta no Ootomono Yakamachi ni yoru kaisaku.). (V + ) > Amata onoko no saburai ki kera si tote, nyoubou koui nado kashimasige ni omae ni sirase haberu. [ KER I ] (V + )
Appendix 1-I - 2
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
> Mukasi otoko ari keri > Daitokoji no hossu koso okuyukasiki okata to zo tsuto ni kikoe kere ba , ikade ka omemoji tamawa ramu mono to omoi i tari. > Taoyakana utsukusiki musume no cha wo motenasu tote, nisikie nimo kakarete hiroku sirare kere ba, amata saburai keri .> Hito no mi nimo aware ha sirare kere , yoshi naki mi ni si are ba, hude torite kakitsukuru mo uki mono to oboyu. > Amata otonai ki tari te to ya kaku ya to hanasi ke re do, yoshi naki koto nare ba, izure mo wasure ni ke ri .
hodo ni ( motte ika se masu

node), sonata ha mi hitotsu de mai rareyo. > Shi wo yoma sure ba ( shi wo yoma se tara), ano mono no migi ni deru mono ha ora zu to yuu. [ SIMU ] (V + ) > Shojou sitatame, tsukai no mono ni mota si mu . ( motte ika seta) > Kono sakusha ni iwa sim uru tokoro no gedatsu no kyouchi to zo siru. > Romo no mono wo tsukawa sim uru ni yotte, sibaraku mata reyo. > Tsukai no mono ni mota sim ure ba, ottsuke makari kosou. [ SIME RU ] (V + ) > Ima sichoku no tede sou sase sim e te ori masu node, sono kekka wo matte , kenkai wo nobe sasete itadaki masu. > Karera wo si te iwa si mere ba , sono youna koto ha sigoku touzen nan da souda , tonikaku siro wo kuro to iikurumete habakara nai okunigara da kara nee. > Ano otoko ni iwa si me re ba, aite ha hana kara yaru ki ga nakatta ni mo kakawara zu, iinogare wo iitsudzukete ita ni sugi nai.
[ SU ] (V + ) > Kono sho wo sochi ni tsukawa su ni yo tte, tsutome te hageme. > Omae niha matsu no nekata ni tatazuma se tamai keru ( tatazun de irassha tta). > Momo no hana wo kanzasi ni sasa se ( sasu you ni omeiiji ni nari)..., nado si te aruka se tamahi ( oaruki nasatta) (Makura no sousi). > Ano mono ni yara se te mi mu tote, hito wo tsukawa se tari . > Tono niha koko ni ara se rare si ka ( irasshatta no desu ka). > Ai taku ba, awa se yo. > Mise no mono ni mota se te yarou
Appendix 1-I - 3
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
> Isoi de kochira ni ko sa si mey o , to monosugo kenmaku de okora reta.
[ SE RU ] (V + ) > Ima kara uchi no ko wo yuka se masu node, sono ba de matte ite kudasai. > Sumi masen, chotto sono huku wo mi se te kudasai. > Omosiro souda ne, watasi nimo yara se te kure nai ka. > "Geemu wo motto yara sero tte, hitsukoi ndesu yo, kono ko ha." "Si tai youni sa se te oke, sono uchi akiru sa. > "Sinkon ryokou no shasin mi se te kure nai ka." " Sore ga, minna ga mi sero mi sero tte, motte icchatte, ima dare ga mite run da ka, wakan nai no yo." > Kono hon ha kodomo tachi niha yoma seru na. > Yoku deki ta ne. Otousan ni mi se te goran, kitto home rareru yo. Un, demo otousan no enogu wo tsuka cchatta kara, sika rareru yo. > Abunai kara kodomotachi wo, kokoni chikadzuka seru nayo. [ SOUD A ] (V + ) > Nan demo kare tachi kazoku wo agete kanada ( Canada) ni ijuu
suru soud a yo. > Ima nimo hito ame ki souna hodo kyuu ni sora ga makkuro ni natte kita . > Kono kusuri kiki souni mo nai na. > Kono atari niha yona yona yuurei ga deru souna . > Kono otoko kantan ni make soude mo, nakanaka make nai. > Karera no hanasi, nakanaka owari souni mo nai na. Hito asi saki ni kaeru ka. > Deki soude, deki nai yo, kono geemu ( game). > Toke soude toke nai noga kono mondai no hinekureta tokoro da .
(Adj + ) > Ika nimo hin no yo sa souna chuunen no huuhu ga nani yara tazune ta souni chikayotte kita. > Kasiko souna ko da ne, kono ko. > Oisi souni yake ta ne kono keeki ( cake). Mada tabe chaa dame da yo. > Kyou mo atsuku nari sou da na. > Sore ha soud a ga, sukosi ha kochira no tachiba mo kangae te kure tomo yokari souna mon jaa nai ka ne. > Kyou ha sotsugyou siki, gakusei tachi ha minna uresi souna kao de sansan gogo kinen no shasin wo toriatte iru. > Nakanaka yosa souna ojousan datta ne, Kazuo no yomesan ni dou
Appendix 1-I - 4
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
ka na. (Ayx.v.+ ) > Ano sumikko no hou de tsumara nasa souna kao si teru hito, dare da. Ano hito yuumei na tougeika nan da kedo, itsu mo paatii nado ni yoba reru to, aa yatte igokochi waru souni site run da. > Mada tabe ta souna kao site ru yo, kono ko. > Nani ka iita souna yousu da kedo, nan dai. > Ano ko mo issho ni kita soud a tta wa. > Kanojo ha suma na souna husime gachi no kao de watasi wo miage ta . > Souna ra sou to hakkiri ie ba yokari souna mono nano ni, tada damatte ita njaa, wakarikko nai deshou. > Senpou ha otousma mo omie ni naru soude su yo. [ TA ] (V + ) > Kesa okita ra sakuya , no uchi ni oo yuki ga tsumotte ita . > Kesa no nyuusu wo mita ne. > Kono sinbun ka ha mou yonda . > Ano eiga ha senshuu mite simatta . > Dakara ittaro- u , Abunaitte. > Kono to nakanaka aka naka tta noni, kare ga yatta ra ( ) , kantan ni aita (
). > Sonna keikaku ha tan naru e ni kaita ( ) mochi ni sugi nai. > Aitsu mo zuibun kawatta ( ) na. > Komatta ( ) koto ni natte simatta . > Waah, tonda ( ), boku tachi no hikouki ga tonda ( ). > Waah, yatta , Katta katta > , .
Saa, minna you no nai mono ha doita , doita . > Simetta kuuki ga chika no hou kara haiagatte kita . ( ). > Yatta ra ( ) yatta ( ) de atoshimatsu wo si nasai. (Adj + ) > Kare mo tsurakattaro u ( ) na, rikon mo kantan ni kuchi ni deki zu ni. > Omosirokatta ro u ( ), ano eiga. > Wakai koro ha sazo kasi kirei datt arou ( naa, ano hito. > Kodomo tachi ga mada chiisakatta ( ). koro, uchi ha totemo mazusikatta ( ). (Aux.v. + ) > Nan da, sugu chikaku de yatte ita noni, mi nakatta no ka. > Kono hanasi nakatta koto ni site kure nai ka. > Mukasi ha koko ittai ga tanbo datta . > Chichioya ha sake ni yotte kaette ha,
Appendix 1-I - 5
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
haha ni ranbou wo hataraku no datta . > Sou desita ne, anata mo kagosima no shussin desita ne.
[ TAI ] (V + ) > "Nani, kimi ha umi ni ikitai ( ) no ka. Boku ha yama ni nobori tai ( ) no da ." " Yama ni nobori t ake re ( ) ba hitori de ike ba..." "Nan da, boku to issho ni itak u ( ) nai no ka." > Nani, mou iki te itak u ( ) nai da to, ka to itte sinitaku ( ) temo, kantan niha sine mai ga. > "Mou go nen mo tansin hunin de Nyuuyooku ( NewYork) ni itte ru souda ." "Jaa, sazo kasi kazoku ni ai taka ro u ( ) na." > "Ai tak at ta ( ) . Dou site konna ni nagai koto renraku kure nakatta no." > Tabetai ( ) dake tabe nasai. Dakedo tabet ai ( ) mono dake tabe te ite ha byouki ni nari masu yo. > Eiga wo mi ni yuku yo. Kimi no kitake re ( ) ba issho ni oide. > I wo kitta nda tte , genki sou jaa nai ka. Dou da , nomi t akaro u.( ) > Aitai ( ), mitai ( ), ga koi no tsune. > Si takaro u ( )to sitak u ( ) nakarou to, si nakere ba nara nai koto ha jinsei ni yama
hodo aru nda zo. > Kirai dakara tabetak u ( ) nai da to?! Yo no naka niha tabe tak u ( ) tomo tabe rare nai hito ga goman to iru nda zo, nani wo zeitaku itteru nda. > Chikajdjika ome ni kakaritou ( ) gozaimas ga, gotsugou ikaga de gozaimashou ka.
[ TA SI ] (V + ) > Yuki ta kere ( )do, kono tenki deha yukare nu wa. > Edo ni zou no misemono ari tote, mitasi to omou mono ooku, toki ni shuusi tsuka nu ari sama nari. (Aux.v. + ) > Myou mui ka tou hou made asi wo hakoba re tas i .> Edo ni mai rare taru ori ha, settaku nimo yo rare t asi .. [ TA RI ] (V + ) > Higasi no sora ni noboriideta ru tsuki no amari ni akaku ookiku mieta ru ni odoroku. > Kitari , mitari , kate ri. > Kokorozasi wo onajiku suru mono ha kitari te katarae. > Huyu kitari na ba, haru
Appendix 1-I - 6
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
tookara ji . > "Kojirou yaburetari ," to Musasi ha saken da. > Ayashi no mono no shinobiiri tari ( ) te , nyoubou koui domo urotaete wamekitatsure ba, sono mono izukoni ka kieuse ta ri . > Haru sugite natsu kita ru rasi sirotahe no koromo hosi tari Ame no Kaguyama.(Mannyoushu: Nukada no Ookimi) (Adj.v. +) Tazune ta saki ha Mimasaka gou no kyuuka de, hinabi ta machi naka de atari wo harau ihuu doudouta ru mon gamae ni site, kinzai ni hibiku meika tono koto datta. > Byoubyou t aru kouya ni hukinukeru akikaze no hada ni shimi te ito wabisi. > Aki no higure ni kikoewataru joujou ta ru hibiki no mune ni shimi te monoganasi kere ba, (n. +) > Iyasiku mo gakusei ta ru mono manaba zu si te nan to suru ka. > Giin ta ru mono sinpen wo seiketsu ni si te koso sijisha no sin wo atume uru noda. > Edo ni kan ta ru machibikesi no dentou wo ima ni tsutaeru dezomesiki ha, orecchi edokko no hokori yoo. > Sekai ni kan ta ru waga kuni no
kagakugijutsu no chikara wo motte chikyuuondanka no mondai kaiketsu wo shudou sitari .
[ TAG A RU ] (V + ) > Tabe ta gat te ( ) mo, geri ga kanzen ni naoru made ha, kaki no you na kudamono ya nama mono ha tabe sase teha ike masen. > Kono ko ha chitto mo gakkou ni iki ta gara ( ) nai. > Donna ni nomi t aga ro u ( ) to, kessite sake ya biiru ( beer) ha nomase te ha ike masen. > Uchi no ko mo ki tagat ta ( ) keredo, jama ni naru kara tsurete ko nakatta. > Ishiki ga modotte mizu wo nomi tagat ta ( ) ra, yuzamasi no mizu wo suinomi de nomasete agete kudasai. > Watasi no ato wo tsugi t aga re ( ) ba , micchiri sikon de yaru no da ga, ikkou ni sono ki ha nai youda. > Keiko wo yame taga ru ( ) kara to itte , koko de amayakase ba, moto mo ko mo nai nda kara, jibun kara keiko wo si ta gara ( ) nai uchi ha kyouseitekini tsudzuke sase nakere ba ike nai yo.
[ NA I ]
Appendix 1-I - 7
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(V + ) > Nakanaka kona i ne. Dou sita ndarou. > Ima jibun ina i ka na. Chotto yotte mi you. > Yoma na i nara, kono hon kaesite morau yo. > Yomi mo sin ai kuse ni hon wo yatara to kai tagaru. > Aitsu no koto da , yamero to itte mo hito no yuu koto ha kikan aka ro u . > Chitto mo siranakat ta na, kimi tachi ga kekkon sita nan te. > Kimi tachi no kekkonsiki niha yoba rete i nagara ikenak u te zannen datta yo. > Ano otoko ha jibun de deki mo sina i koto bakari yuu nda. > Kono atari no kawa deha nani mo tsurena i njaa na i na. > Hayaku kon ai ka ka na. Hikouki no shuppatsu ni ma ni awana ku naru yo. > Aitsu ga konake re ( )ba sibai ga hajimarana i , dou natte runda . Dare ka sirana i ( )ka. > "Watasi no ato ha owan ai de " to, Saeko ha tsumetaku Kenichi wo tsukihanasita . > Wake no wakara nai ( kikiwake no nai) hito da ne kimi mo, "Dame da" to ittara dame nanda yo. > Dou da kondo onsen ni demo issho ni ikou jaa nai ka. > Anna kanji no ii hito ga boku to kekkon site kuren ai
ka na. > Yame te kurena i ka na, ano urusai eleki. > Arou to na karo u to harau beki mono ha kigen made ni haratte morawa nake re ba kochira ga yatte ikena ku , naru. > "Kimi ano eiga mou mita ." "Iya, mada mite n ai ." > Sonna hanasi kiite nai zo. > Dare mo sonna koto itte na i yo. Sore ha kimi no gokai da yo. > "Dare da konna itazura wo sita no ha." "Boku, site nai yo." > Kyou ha arasi de hikouki ha tonde nai sou da. > Mou koko niha sunde nai to omo ka tta ga, aikawara zu koko datta ka. > Sita sandai to itte ne, kuidouraku no sandai me ha tabete nai mono no aji wo siru souda. > Kare ga jibun de yatta nda yo, kitto. De nai to, hanasi no tsujitsuma ga awana i ( ) yo. > Kono hanzai ha jisakujien no kanousei ga tsuyoi na, soude na kere ba , tsujitsuma ga awanai ( ) koto ga oosugitu.
[ NA R I ] + > Otoko mo su na ru niki wo omuna mo site mimu tote su nari .(Kino Tsurayuki Tosanikki) > Yo mo huke kere ba,
Appendix 1-I - 8
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
atari no kensou sunawachi yamu nari ( .
[ NU ] (V + ) > Nara n u kannin, suru ga kannin (Kotowaza). > Kono naka no shorui ha mi teha nara n u . > Ara n u kata mi yari, ara nu koto wo kangae te, sude ni oya no kogoto mo mimi niha haira nu youdatta. > Mada mi nu sono hito no hitogara sinobare , hitome ahite mi taki mono to omoheri. > Mi z u sira zu hito ni tanoma no re te, sore wo hikiuke ta no ka ne. > Ikkoku no sidouteki tachiba ni aru mono ga, sira nu zonze nu deha tooru mai ga. > Kimi ga demuka ne ba , aite ha shouchi su mai . > Sira nu ga hotoke Kotowaza to danmari wo kimekonda tsumori ga, shachou ha subete omitoosi datta . > Konna mono nakere ba nara nu mono demo nakarou. > Nase ba nari, nasa ne ba nara n u nanigoto mo nara nu to yuu ha nasa n u nari keri (Kakugen). > Sensei no tanomi to ara ba, arasi wo osite mo ika z u ba naru mai. > Ogoru heike ha hisasi kara zu . > Kyou ha ko nu ka asu ha
ko n u ka to, machimouke ta ga. Tsui zo araware naku natta . > Kaeri nan iza, waga tsuma ko no moto he, Ikoku deno kurou mo owatta. > Ima masa ni ake n an to suru gantan no asaborake. > Youyou haru mo ki n i kerasi tote, omae nimo misu age sase tamahi te niwa no kanata wo uchinagame sase tamahe ri . > Haru sugi te natsu ki ni kerasi sirotahe no koromo hosu chou amano kaguyama (Mannyoushuu)
[ HU ] (V + ) > Miwayama wo sikamo kakusuka kumo dani mo nasake alanamo kakusahu ( ) besi ya (Mannnyoushuu: Nukadano Ookimi) [ MAI ] (V + ) > Kyou ha ame niha naru mai . > Kono otoko toha nido to au ma i to, omoi nagara kanojo ha seki wo ta tta. > Nido to au ma i to kokoro ni chikatta hazu datta ga, iza hanarete kurasite miru to Setu ha yahari kare niha naku teha nara nai sonzai datta. > Sake ha mou
Appendix 1-I - 9
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
nomu ma i to kokoro ni kimeru ga, sugu mata nomi ni dekake te simau. > Arou koto ka aru mai koto ka, jibun no onsi ga tsuma no koibito datta . > Kore dake ma tte ko nai no da kara, mou ko ma i . > Yakko san mo jibun no nyoubou no uwaki ha siru ma i ( ) . > Kodomo jaa aru mai ni, sonna seken no jousiki mo wakimae nai no ka, ano otoko ha. > Yomo ya sonna koto ha su ma i to omotta no ni , iyahaya akireta mono da.
itasi m asu > Genzai . chousa chuu de gozai m asu re ba, ima sibaraku go yuuwo wo itadaki taku zonji mas u . > Machibito ha oide nasai mase nan da you desu ne. > Sore deha mina sama, shuppatsu itasi mas ho u . > Oisogi toha zonji masu ga, deki masu re ba gojitsu aratame te... to yuukoto ni site itadake mase n ( )deshou ka. > Ontono niha gokigen yuruwashuu omiuke itasi masu re ba , kyouetsu sigoku ni zonji m asu ru .
[ MA SI ] (V + ) > Kaku yaha se masi to omoitachi te, isogi ki nu to yuu. > Yagate kakekomora m asi kaba, kuchiosi kara masi . (Tsuredzure gusa) > Uraraka ni ihi kikase taru ha, otonasiku kikoe na masi . (Tsuredzure gusa) [ MAHO SI ] (V + ) > Hito mina sono jintoku wo tatae, kaku ara ma hos i tozo omou. > Hitahuru no yosute bito ha, nakanaka ara m a hosiki kata mo ari namu (Tsuredzure gusa) . > Kotoba ookara nu koso, aka zu mukaha mah osi kere (Tsuredzure gusa) . > Yoki koto nomi sem ahos ik ere do, sezoku ni mamirete ha su majiki koto nimo te wo somenu.
[ MA SU ] (V + ) > Ki mase , mise mas ho , urando wo akete, tsuki no meisho ha katsura hama Minyou Yosakoi bushi . > Kono ken ni tsuki mas i te ha, nochihodo shousai wo gohoukoku
[ MAJ I ] -
Appendix 1-I - 10
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(V + ) > Itazura ni koi ha su ma ji . > Su majik i mono ha miyazukae da yo na. Salarii man nan te shosen ha tsukaisute no buhin ni sugi nai nda . > Shachou nimo aru ma jiki gendou, shain no temae ikaga ka to zonji masu ga > kokoro ni hisi to kake te, tsuka no ma mo wasuru majiki nari.
siteta kedo, honshin ha yappari uresikatta mita i ( ). Adj.+ > Dou da kekkonsiki no mae no kibun ha Sore ga nee, hukuzatsu nano yo, ureshii mitai na ( ), sirigomi sitai mit ai na ( ), N.+ > Baka mit ai ( ), sonna yume mita ina ( ) hanashi dare ga shinjiru mondesu ka. > Ano kousaten no kado ni tatteru no Takao m ita i ( ), ne. > Anata m itaini ( ) ni, nandemo kandemo akui no aru me de ugatta mikata wo suru hito sira nai wa , sonnan jaa yononaka chittomo tanoshiku nai ja nai no.
[ MIT AI] (V + ) > Anoko tachi yoru osoku natte kuru mita i desu yo. > Kono piano dou surunda , kaasan. Nobuko ga nandemo hito ni ageru mit aina koto itte masita yo. > Otonari no Sonoyama san no otaku, ikka zenin de Oosutoraria ni ijuu nasaru mita i ( ) desu yo. (Aux.v + ) > Nobuyo ha nandaka kekkon suru noga ureshiku nai mitaina ( ) kuchiburi de, shinpai desu wa nee. Nani, baka mitai ni ( ) yorokonde bakari irareru toshi demo aru mai si, tere mo aru ndarou, shotai ga ochitsuke ba jikini sonna koto ha iwa naku naru sa. > Moratta purezento ni kyoumi ga nai mita in a ( ) soburi
[ MU/N ] / (V + ) > Kore yori makara m u tote, omae wo jise ri . > Ara mu kagiri no chikara wo hurisibo tte tatakae. > Kaeri nam u iza > Tono nimo tora sime tamaha me tote, sasi idasu. > Kono yo ni ara mu kagiri ha, kaku koso
Appendix 1-I - 11
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
ika mahosi to zo omoi tsuru.
[ MUZU/ NZ U ] / (V + ) > Asi no muki tara mu kata he ina nzu to te, ine ri . > Sono you na iwa nzu mo gana no koto ha wazawaza yuu beki deha nakari ki.
hyoushou sareta ndosu e. > Honara ( sore nara) asu ha kanarazu harouteokure yass ha . (Aux.v +/V+) (shu to site hanasi kotoba)
Edo/Toukyou
no
[ MER I ] (V + ) > Uchiuchi niyokunarahie te sasi'ide tara mu koso, ito kokoronikuka rame, to tsune ni yuu mere , kaku yuu do hito ichigei mo narai uru koto nasi. (Tsuredzure gusa ) > ima ha midokoro nasi, nado ha ihu me ru . (Tsuredzure gusa)
> Danna kore wo hitotsu mite okunnasai, mikake ha waruu gozansu ga, kore de naka naka no meikou no saku da toka de, ne no haru mon de yas u ( ) . > Soude yasu ka, sorejaa asu ni demo, misete itadaki ni meeri yas hou ( ).
[ YA NSU ] (Shu to site Edo/Toukyou no hanasi kotoba) (Aux.v +) > Kore ha doumo danna, tooku kara wazawaza otsukare de
[ YA SU ] (V+/Aux.v +) (Kyou/Oosaka no hanasi kotoba) > Oide yas u , gochuumon ha nani ni itashi mashou. > Kasikomari mashita, honno sibaraku mattookure yasu . > Okusan kore mitookure yas u , uchi no koo ga kai ta ee de
ya nsu , semakutte, kitanee toko de yasu ga, maa oagan nasutte kudasai yase.
[ YOU ] (V +) > Ko y ou omoe ba, ko to reru ndeshou. Nani wo sonna ni okkuu gatte iru nda ne. > Hayaku siyo u ( ) to omou to,
Appendix 1-I - 12
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
masumasu tochitte, umaku deki naku naru. > Ko you ga ko mai ga kimi no katte daga, ko nakere ba, kimi ga sono bun son wo suru yo. > Tsuitotsu wo sake you to omotte handolu ( handle) wo ki tta nda ga, ma ni awa nakatta rasii. > Sate sorosoro neru to siyou ( ). > Saa, isoi de dekake yo u ( ). > Honmono ka dou ka hitotsu mite miyo u ( ). > Kare ni satsui ga nakatta koto ha kare no higoro no seikaku ya koudou kihan kara youi ni handan sare yo u ( ). > Onaka ga suita! Mou mate nai. Saki ni tabe you . > Anna otoko no tokoro ni dare ga yome ni koyo u ka. > Mi y ou ( ) mimane de yatta nda ga ne, igai to yoku deki te iru darou. Adj.+ > Dondon katteni shuugen no junbi ga totonotte iku nowo nasu sube mo naku nagame nagara , Toshie ha ureshii you na ( )kanashii yo una ( )hukuzatuna kimochi ni torawarete i ta.
Kondo no karera ha kekkon suruyo uda > Mada . hanasi ga aruyo una ra ba, betsu no kikai ni site morae nai ka na. > Kore de umaku iku you nara , siken seisan kara eigyou seisan ni kirikae you. > Uun, migotona dekibae da ne. Maru de honshoku no daiku ga tsukutta youd a . > Kondo deta CD, tobuyou ni urete iru souda. > Kangaeta dake de ki ga tooku naru you na hanasi da na. > Ano ko mo kuruyo un a kuchiburi desita yo. (Adj.v.+) > Kore dake ya tte damena yo una ra , akirameru sika nai. > Heikina yo un i huruma tte ita ga, naisin ha kowakatta yo uda . (Adj.+ ) > Amari souzousii yo una ra , itte chuui wo site ko you. > Uresii you na , kanasii you na , musume no haresugata wo miru noha, oya to site ha hukuzatsu na kimochi desu. > Tanosii you de , chitto mo tanosiku nai paatii ( party) datta ne. > Samui yo una ra , kono katakake
[ YOU DA ] (V + ) > Kaasan dou yara hito ame kuru yo uda yo. Kore de chitto ha suzusiku naru darou. >
Appendix 1-I - 13
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
wo site iki nasai.
(Aux.v.+) > Kono koto ha karera niha sirase nu yo uda . > Yoru ni na ttemo netsu ga sagara nu yo uda t tara , neru mae ni kono kusuri wo mou ichijou noma sete kudasai. > Yoru ni natte mo ko nai yo una ra , mou kyou ha ko nai darou. (no + ) > Dou da honmono noyou daro u . Kore Hongkong sei no Gucchi no nisemono nanda . > Ano kuni no seisaku ha marude neko no me no youn i kurukuru kawaru. > Neko no yo un i hiza ni notte amaeru no deha ari masen! > Jibun de ya tte oi te marude hitogoto no yo una kuchiburi da yo, aitsu no taido ha.
. [ yosino no yama ni yuki ga hutte iru you da] (Kokin shuu) > Haru sugi te natsu kitaru rasi [ haruga sugite natsu ga kita youda] sirotahe no, koromo hosi tari ama no kaguyama. (Mannyou shuu) > Sirusi naki mono wo omoha zu ha hitotsuki no, nigo reru sake wo nomu beku aru rasi . [ Mono omoi ni sizunde iru yori mo ippai no nigorizake demo nonde iru beki darou] (Mannyou shuu)
[ RA SII ] (N + ) > Gogo ha ame ras ii . > Kimi ras iku mo nai hema wo yatta mono da. > Sou ka, kimi ni sonna koto itta no ka. Ika nimo kanojo rasii na. > Seikaku mo goutan de ouyou, ika nimo otoko rasii hito da ne. > Katsudouteki na hito da ga, meiku ( make-up) de onna ras iku hyougen suru koto mo wasure te i nai ne, ano hito. > Yama ha yuki ras ii kara, banzen wo kisi te, sounan si nai youni itte kite kure. (V + ) > Kare ha kondo Amerika ni hunin suru ra sii . > Kimi, kono kaisha wo yameru rasii ne. > Nan demo ano otoko ga kachou
[ RA S I ] (V + ) > Yuu sare ba ogura no yama ni naku sika ha, koyohi ha naka zu ine ni ke ras i mo. [ ne te simatta you da na ] (Mannyoushuu) > Yuu sare ba koromode samusi miyosino no, yosino no yama ni miyuki huru ras i
Appendix 1-I - 14
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
ni naru ras ii yo. > Kanojo chikadjika oyome ni yuku rasii yo. > Kimi tachi kekkon suru ras ii ne. > Kasi ta kane ga modora naku te kare mo komatte iru rasii . (Aux.v. + ) > Dou yara ame mo yanda rasii na. > Tochuu hubuki ni atta rasii ne. > Aitsu ha iki taku nai ras ii . > Sachi mo issho ni tsure te itte morai tai ras ii . > Karera niha sono hanasi kyoumi nai rasii yo. > Kazuo dou yara buji ni tsui ta ras ii zo. > Ano sensei kondo no jiken deha bakkin dake deha suma nai rasii . > Takasi ha nan tomo omotte nai rasik u te, Yasuyo ha gakkari site ru yo. (Adj. + ) Sonna nikumare guchi wo tatai te, chitto mo kawai rasiku nai ne. > Ano yama no momiji ha hachigatsu no owari ga kirei rasii yo. > Shujutsu no ato ga itai rasii . > Hitori de yoru dekakeru noga kowai ras ii . Dareka issho ni tsuite itte age nasai. > Siberia no
huyu ha kakubetsu ni samui rasii . > Dashi no butai ni chokonan to suwatte iru chigo tachino ai rasii kawaige ni mieru, kawairasiku mieru , sugata ga kenbutunin tachi no ninki no matodatta.
(Adj.v. + ) > Ima no kyuuryou deha kazoku ga iki te iku no ni katsukasu rasii . Dakara okusan ga shourai wo huangaru ras ii > Yasuko no goshujin suteki ras ii yo. > Ano yama no choujou kara no yakei ga subarasii rasii . > Yasuyo ha Takesi no koto suki rasii nda kedo , Takesi ha hokano ko ni zokkon rasikute, Yasuyo no koto ha ganchuu ni nai mitai de , nakanaka umaku ika nai ne, yononaka no koto ha.
[ RA MU/ RA N ] / (V + ) > Okura ra ha ima ha makara mu, ko naku ram u [ nai , te iru darou], sore sono haha mo wa wo matsu ra mu zo [ machiwabi te iru darou]. (Mannyou shuu) > Hisakata no hikari nodeke ki haru no hi ni, sizugokoro naku hana no chiru ran
Appendix 1-I - 15
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
.[ hana ga chi tte iru you da] (Mannyou shuu) > Wa ga seko ha idzuku iku ra m u doko wo aruite iru no darou [ ka] okitsu mo no, nabari no yama wo kyou ka koyu ram u . [ ikue mono yama wo kyou mo koe te iru no darou. (Mannyou shuu)
(V + ) > Tono no oose rare ( ) si ha mage ra re ( ) nu. > Izure mata ko ra ru ru ( ) ori mo ari mashou hodo ni, omachi mousiagete ori mashou. > Midomo ni oosekudasa rure ( )ba, yoki youni torihakari maseu (mashou).
[ RA RE RU ] [ RI ] (V + ) > Tabako ga nakanaka yame ra re ( ) nakutte ne... > Hore te hore ra re ( )te , oatsui koto desu ne. > Sonna mono mise rare ( ) temo, dare no mono ka wakara nai yo. > Minna ni motome ra re ru ( ) ningen ni nari nasai. > Gakkou de sensei ni home ra re ( ) ta ndatte. > Kono seizou lain ( line) ha ichido ugoki dasi tara , tsugi no tenken no toki made tome ra re ( ) nai. > Ko ra rere ( ) ba, ki te moraeru to arigatai. > Kono eiga ha susume ra re ( ) nai. > Kanojo ha ano otoko kara ha nige rare ( ) mai. > Yame ra rere ( ) ba, yameru ni kosita koto ha nai nda ga, yame rare ( ) souni mo nai. (V + ) > "Warera ha kate ri ." > Seyo tono oose nite, nase ri . > Hana tachibana ha na ni koso ohere , naho, ume no nihoi nizo (Makura no sousi) > Omae nimo uchi'idete sono mono mi tamahe ri . > Onago no yoyo to nakihusere ba, otoko susamajiku omohe ri . > Ima kakyuu no koto arite, chouseki ni semare ri . (Tsuredzure gusa)
[ RU ] (V + ) > hito ni omohare mu bakari medetaki koto ha ara ji. (Makura no sousi) > oya, harakara no naka nite mo, omoha ruru , omohare nu ga aru zo, ito wabisiki ya.
[ RA RU ]
Appendix 1-I - 16
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(Makura no sousi)
[ RE RU ] (V + ) Sikara re te , sikara re te , ano ko ha machi made otsukai ni , ikasa re ta yo. > Aitsu ha hitsukoi no node minna ni kirawa re te iru. > Kondo mata yuka re ru ( ) toki niha, watasi wo osasoi kudasai mase. > Ikura suka re te mo, ouji rare nai toki mo aru. > Tada hitasura anata no koto ga omowa reru no desu. > Kono hon ha hiroku minna ni yoma re ru darou. > Hitori de yuka re re ba, ii nda ga > Michi wo oboeta kara, mou hitori de modo reru deshou.
no got ok u uchiyarite, oya ni kaduke te kaerimi zaru nari. > Jin sei ha omoni wo seoite tooki michiwo yuku ga got osi ( )(Tokugawa Ieyasu). > Sino tsuku ame no huri tarite , sanagara taki ni utaruru ga got osi ( ). > Naku got ok u kikoyuru kaze no oto wo sakite, ganpeki no horaana ni kudakeru nami no oto sanagara tora no hoyuru ga got os i ( ) .
[ GOTOKU NAR I ] (no + ) > Mozou toha ie, sono tsukuri honmono nogoto ku nari . Kore Hongkong sei no Gucchi no nisemono nanda. > Kuni no seisaku no kawaru koto atakamo neko no me no got ok una ri . > Jibun de yatte oki nagara, kano mono no iu you ataka mo hitogoto no got ok una ri .
[ GOTOS I ] (no + ) > Dou da honmono nogoto karo u . > Kuni no seisaku ha marude neko no me no got ok u kurukuru kawaru. > Hiza ni norite amaeru koto neko no goto ku aru tote, sono otoko au hito goto ni noroke itari. > Jibun de yatte oki nagara atakamo hitogoto
[ DA ] (N or Pr.N.+ ) > Dare da , kono madogalasu wo watta noha. > "Kimi dat tara kono baai dou suru."
Appendix 1-I - 17
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
"Boku na ra , nattoku iku made tokoton hanasiau ne." > Watasi na ra sonna yatsu toha mou tsukiawa nai. > Asu afurika he muke te shuppatsu da . > Dare d a ka sira nai ga, rusu chuu ni tazunete kita youda. > Saa, natsu da Yama . da , umi da to minna nigiyakana koto d aro u . > Kimi n ara wakatte moraeru to omo tte i ta. > Boku ha gyouza da . > Sore nara sou to, hakkiri itte kure reba ii noni ... > Sake da , biiru ( beer) da to, mou tenya wanya no oosawagi datta yo. > Kore da kore da boku no sagasite ita genkou , ha. > Sou, sore da yo, boku no iwan to suru tokoro ha. > Are da , tousan no notteru hune ha. > "Dare da , kyou ha yasumi da itta noha." "Hai, to boku na no ( ) desu." > Aa, konna koto na ra , aitsu no iu toori ni site oku nod at ta . (Adj /Adj.v. + ) > Nigiyaka da naa, tonari ha! > Kirei da naa, ano hito ha! > Aa, yukai da ( ) . > Omosiroi da ro u , kono hanasi. > Suteki da ro u , kono nekutai ( necktye). > Kanojo ha suteki da > Nan da kan da to .
, kekkou isogasikutte nee. Yukkuri hon wo yonde ru hima mo nai yo. ( prt. No + ) > Kono thoni ha watasi no da . > Kimi no d arou , kono laitaa ( lighter) ha? > Ittai dare no da ro u , kono saihu. > Asu ha dousi temo yama ni yuku no da . > Dakara yuwa nai koto jaa nai no d a . > Anata ga iku no na ra watasi mo , iku yo. > Aa, yappari ano suutsu ( suits) kattoku ( katte oku) noda t ta > Konna koto . ga makaritooru no na ra , yo no naka ni houritsu nante ira nai yo! (V + ) > Iku na ra iku de, hayaku sitaku wo si nasai. > Suru na ra suru, si nai nara si nai to, taido wo hakkiri si nasai. [ DES U ] (N + ) > Kore ha watasi no hon d esu . > Dare de su ka kono hito ha. > Ano hito ga Sasaki san no okusan d eshou > . Ano tegami ha itsu dasi masita ka. Ane ha mada dasite imasen d esi ta . > Kon'nichi ha, watasi
Appendix 1-I - 18
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
ga McCornelle d esu . > Sitsurei de su Smith san ga, desu ka. (V + ) > Duglous san ha kuru de sho u ka. > Tony mo kuru de sho u . > Anna ha asu Sapporo ni yuku deshou . > "Mata Takesi ha kimyou na koto hajimeta na." "Ano ko no koto dakara, sugu akiru d esho u > Goshujin ga byouki . de shuunyuu ga naku nattara , seikatsu ni komaru deshou. > Sonna kakkou de dete iku noha yamete . Hito ga mi tara, hen ni omou desho. > Onaji koto wo itte mo, ano otoko ga yuu to uso ni kikoeru de sho . > Dou, kore boku/watasi ni niau d esho . > Haru ni nare ba, byouki mo naoru des ho u ( ). (Adj/Adj.v. + ) > Doo, kono doresu ( dress), ii deshou > Sonna . koto ittara, kanojo ni warui de sho . > Watasi no nakama ha minna yukai de sho . Dou, kono hon omosiroi de sho . > Konna hanasi wo kanojo ni tsutaeru noha goshujin mo tsurai deshou ne. >
Dou, kono yubiwa, goojasu ( gorgeous) d esho > Kare no aidea ( idea) ha . yuniiku ( unique) desu ne. > Akogare no hito ni kekkon wo moosikoma reta ndatte . Uresii de shou . (Aux.v. + ) > Kono hon ha anata no deha nai desho . > Kyou ippai ame ha yami souni mo nai deshou . > " Sou desu ka. Sonna ni nagai koto ie kara hanare te rare masu ka. Gokazoku ni o-ai ni nari tai de sho u . Okusama mo osamisii d eshou ni." "Naani, kekkou seisei siteru de sho u ." > Madonna no byouki de kooen ha chuusi rasii d esu yo. > Ano daijin chikajika yameru rasii de su ne. > Toukyou ha ame rasii d esu ne. > Kondo no sisatsu niha kaichou mo doukou suru raii de su yo. (prt. NO + ) > Kono tokei ha dare no de su ka. > Aa, sore watasi no desu . > Ano hito tachi mo kuru no des ho u ne. > Kimi, kasi ta okane ha kigen douri kaesi te itadakeru no desho u ne. > Itsu
Appendix 1-I - 19
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
otachi ni naru no des u ka.
(Tokushu youhou : special expression ) > Shachou ga yuu niha desu ne, douyou no hanasi ga sude ni hoka kara ki te iru sou desu yo. > Omatase si masi ta , sore de des u nee, kondo raishuu no nakaba goro mata go-renraku kudasai mase n ka. Sore made niha kochira mo nanra ka no ketsuron ga daseru desh o u kara. > Ii de su ka, konkai no koto ha sochira ga d esu yo ii'dasi ta koto des i te nee, kochira ha iwaba higaisha desi te nee, komaru ndesu yo, kore ijou kakawaru noha
[ZA MA SU] / (Shu to site Edo/Tokyou no jouryuu no josei no hanasi kotoba) (V. + : /Aux.v.; /Adj.v.+: /Ajv.+: /N.+:) > Onago datote kore demo watakushi mo kenjutsu no etesha, hetana otoko ni hike ha tori masen zamas u ( ). > Musume mo watakushi ni nite, kouiu aragoto ga daisuki zamas u ( ) no. > Okukaruizawa made mairi masuto totemo shizuka za mas u ( ) wa yo. > Ome ni kake takatta noha koono honn z am asu ( ).
[ JI ] [ZA NSU/GO ZA NSU] / (Shu to site Edo/Tokyou no hanasi kotoba) (V + : /Adj.v.+: /N.+:) > Yoroshuu goza nsu , asu oukagai itasi yashou. > Asu ha Mijiza ni sinpa no sibai wo mi ni iku zans u . > Sono youna musume no muzanna sugata wo miru noha shinu hodo tsurou gozans ita . (V + :) > Nigasi teha nara ji to, mina ato wo oikake nu. > Doui no gotoku mie si mo, sa ni ara ji .( sou deha nai) > hito no sa namu aru to ihi si wo, sa simo ara ji to omohi si wo (Makura no sousi) > Otoko, onna woba iwa ji . (Makura no sousi) > Hito no kokoro niha tsuyu okasikara ji to omohu koso mata okasi kere . (Makura no sousi)
Appendix 1-I - 20
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
[ BES I ] (V + ) > Yaru bek i koto wo yatte kara asobi nasai. > Kiken kuiki ni tachi'iru be ki deha nakatta . > Yuu bek i koto ha itte oka nai to, ato de human ga nokoru kara nee. > Ochiau bek i tokoro niha kiawasete izu, machibouke wo kuwa sarete hikiagete kita . > Gaku wo kokorozasu nara, korera no chosho ha yonde oku bek ida . > Su bek i koto ha suru, to yuu noga kare no sinjou da. > Imasara sono youna guchi ha yuu bek i deha nai. > Kogane ha yama ni site, tama ha huchi ni nagu bes i . (Tsuredzure gusa) > sumiyaka ni su be ki koto wo yuruku si, yuruku su beki koto wo isogi, sugi si koto no kuyasiki nari . (Tsuredzure gusa) > Kono youna daiji no koto ha sonata ga mizukara okonau bek i datta. > Shibahu no naka ni hairu beka ra zu. > Shinkun yoli hailyou no tachi, torareta to atte ha oie no daiji ja, shikyuu torikaesu besi . > Utsukusikarisi Edo no machi ha, ima to natte ha mi taku tomo mi be ku /be u (byou ) mo nai. > Tadachi ni sanjou su beke re domo, kawadome nite miugoki nara zu, Oui nowatasi wo mae ni sudeni yokka
jidanda humiori mousu.
Appendix 1-I - 21
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
I JODOU S I NO H AT A RAK I Nihongo no jodousi ha, josi to onajiku, sorezore, koyuu no imi no aru hataraki wo motteite, shuto site, dousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi nado, gokeihenka wo suru go to musubitsuite, sorera ni hosokuteki na imi wo ataeru. "da" ya "desu", rasi/rasii/ , mitai nado ikutsuka no jodousi ha meisi nimo tsunagaru. Koko deha, gendai nihongo no omona jodousi ni tsuite, sono motte iru imi wo matomete aru. [Chuu]: Reibun no naka deha, sorezore gaitou suru jodousi ha 12 pointo no shatai no hutoji ni kasen wo hodokosite simesite ari, mae ni tsunagatte iru youso to sonota no jodousi to ga hutoji de simesite aru. e.g.: Kono mondai ha, kare ni ka ngae sase you( ) .
[U ] (Kategorii 1 no dousi to keiyousi, keiyou dousi ni tsunagaru) (Han asit e n o i si) * "Saa, korekara Ryuu no tegami ni henji wo k ako u( )." "Kore kara, CD no ongaku wo kiko u ( ) ."
(Mira i n o hut asik a n a i si) * Iko u ( ), ik o u ( ) to omotte ite, nakanaka ike nai( ). "Asita, nani wo s hiy o u ( ) ka."Ginza wo buratsuite, shokuji no ato Hibiya de eiga demo miyou ( ) ka.
(Sa so ikake) * Boku to isshoni eiga wo mi ni iko u ( ) yo. "Saa, saki ni su s um o u ( ) ."
Appendix 1-II - 1
(Ya war akai me ire i) * "Minna, ichiretsu ni na ra bo u ( ) ." "Sono hanasi, kikasete mo ra o u ."
(So uz o u: s ui ry ou) * "Sabaku no tabi ha ts u rak ar o u ( ) na." "Masui nasi de shujutsu wo sitatte., Sazo it akatt ar o u ( ) na." "Kore wo kita kanojo ha sazo uts uk usik ar o u ( )." "Kanojo ga kure ba, aitsu mo kuru, to mite yok a ro u ( )." "Sonna baka na koto mo naka r o u ( )." "Kyou ha mou dare mo konai d ar o u ( )."
(Han go a nji sa reta hite i) * Sonna koto dare ga s ir o u ( )ka (iya dare mo siru mai)." Konna kudaranai mono dare ga miy o u ( )ka (iya dare mo mi nai yo)."
(Katei / Ta ihi hitei wo to m on a u) * * "Henji wo k ako u ( ).to kak um ai( ) to, you ha sono hito no kimochi no mondai da." "Ch oku set u iko u ( ) ga denwa dake de su ma ss ey o u ga, sono hito no seii no mondai da."
[SA SE RU ] (Kategorii 2, 3, 4 no dousi ni tsunagaru.) (Sieki: tasha ni taisuru koui no hatarikikake) * "Inaka kara okuttekita ringo wo ageru kara, dare ka ni tori ni k o sase te( )." "Dare ka ni nikai no amado wo si me sase te( )." "Kaze wo hiku to ike nai kara, kodomo niha janpaa wo k i
Appendix 1-II - 2
sase you( ) ka."

(Kyoka/Ki n si: H ou ni n) * "Mou ano otoko ha uchi ni ha k o sase nai( ) de kure." "Otaku bakari ni m o uke saseru ( )wake niha ikan ai." Mou iikagen ni site, asobu no ha y a me sa se ( ) nasai.
*****
[SE RU ] (Kategorii 1 to 5 no dousi ni tsunagaru.) (Sieki: tasha ni taisuru koui no hatarakikake) * Sono hon y o ma se te( ) kureru ka na. Sore ha Tatsuo ni s a se te kure nai ka. Michiyo ni ha kono kimono wo ki se te kureru.
(Kyoka: H o un in) * "Kodomo ni konna hon wo y o ma se te( ) ha ike na i." Kimi ni Karayan siki no Berulinfilu ( Berlin Philharmonie) no ensou wo nama de k ika se ( ) tai . Asobi tai dake a s oba se te( ) oke.
*****
[SIM ER U] ("saseru" no kotenteki/bungoteki hyougen) (Dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.)
Appendix 1-II - 3
(Sieki jibun no omotteiru koui wo dareka ni saseru) * Zenryuu ni i wa simere ( ) ba , kono yo ha "Kuu" da. Kangae no oyobanu jakunen no kodomorani kono youna shomotu wo yo m a sime te( ) ha nara nai.
[SOUD A ] 1 (Dousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.) (Kikitsut ae dareka no iken ya hanasi, mataha mitame no yousu wo hanasu/tsutaeru) * * Yohou deha, gogo kara yuki ga h ur u souda ( ). Chikadzika shachou ga koutai su r u soud ( ). Huji ni noboru noha, igai ni ka nta nd a soud ( ). Huyu no Siberia ha, kuchi de ha ie nai kurai s a mui souda ( ).
[SOUD A ] 2 (Dousi to ichibuno jodousi, keiyousi, keiyou dousi ni tsunagaru.) (Yo uta i A ris a ma; y o so u d ekir u ka n ou sei) * Kono soramoyou deha, douyara ame ni n ari souda ( )na. Kaara ha ki souni ( )mo nai na. Kono hon ha nakanaka o mo si ro souda ( ) yo. Sono hon ha, mou doko nimo na s a souda ( ) yo. Konde ite, su war e soun i ( ) nai na. ***** [TA ] (Dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.) (Kako) * Kinou yama ni no bot ta ( ).
Appendix 1-II - 4
"Are, kii ta ( )." "Un, kii ta ( )." Daibu ar uka sa re ta ( ) de s ho u .
(Kan ry ou) * Ima, Toukyou ni ts ui ta ( ) tokoro da, ato 30 pun hodo de sochira ni tsuku. Tabako ha kippari y a me ta ( ). Ki ta ( ), mi ta ( ), k at ta ( ). (Siizaa no kotoba.)
(Meir ei m ata h a ko ui no un a ga s hi) * Saa, kodomo ha acchi he it ta ( ), it ta ( ). Doi ta ( ), d oi ta ( ). Kuruma ga tooru yo.
(Ketsu da n) * Ya me t a ( ), ya me t a ( ), konna bakarashii koto ni tsukiatte irare nai yo.
** ** *
[TAI] (Dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) (Han asit e m ata ha aite no ki bo u) * Keeki demo t abe ta i ( ) na. Kimi ni hayaku ai tai ( ) yo. Ki takereba (), itsu demo kure ba ii yo. Ya me takat tar a(), itsu demo yamete ii nda yo. Chiyo niha kodomotachi ni ai tak u mo ( ) ,ae nai jijou ga atta.
Appendix 1-II - 5
(Sui s ho u/e nky oku na mei re i, ko ui no u na ga s hi) * Sara ni kuwashii koto ni tsuite ha, huzoku no tebikisho wo sanshou saret ai . Kochira no kiita koto ni dake kotae raretai .
[GA RU( )/T AG A RU ] (Dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) (Tas ha n o kibo u) * Nomi tagat te( )mo, mada sayu igai ha no m ase n ai de kudasai. Kodomo ha, sikiri ni haha wo koi si gatt a( ).
** ** *
[NAI] (Dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) ) (Hitei) *
Kyou ha, gakkou niha ika nai ( ). Deki nai mono ha, d eki nai ( )nda yo. Hayaku s i nakere ( ) ba, okureru yo. Kane ga arou ga nakaro u ( ) ga, zeikin dake ha kanarazu toritaterareru. Guai ga y oku na i ( ) no dattara, yasun de oishasan ni mite morai nasai na. Sonna n a sake na i kao wo site butsukusa ittenai de ( ), shanto sinasai.
** ** *
Appendix 1-II - 6
[NU / N] (Dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) ("nai"no bungoteki hyougen) (Hitei - Uc hike sh i)
Sir a nu ( ) ga hotoke. (Kotowaza) Kodomo nara iza s ir a zu , ( ) shakaijin nara soregurai no koto ha sitte nake re ba n a ra n . Sir a nu ( ) z o nz e nu ( ) bakari de ha, dare mo nattoku sasera re n ai yo.
(Kan ry ou) : (Kogo - Uta, si, haiku, waka, nikkibun nado ni genzai mo tsukawareru.) * " hototogisu hayamo kinakite, sinobine morasu, natsu ha ki nu ( ) ." (Uta no kasi) Hayashi wo nukete , mata sarani hukai mori ni irite, samayoi ar uki nu ( ). Natsukasiki omoide ha kaze to tomoni sarinu( )
** ** *
[MAI] (Bungoteki hyougen. Dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) (Sui ry ou/ S ou zo u) * Mou ano otoko niha au koto mo a ru mai , to Sayo ha omotta . Sasuga no kare mo koko made ha s ir u mai .
Appendix 1-II - 7
(Hitei) * Anna otoko toha nidoto a u mai , to kanojo ha kokoro ni chikatta . Kanojo ha, watasi ni sinpai sa se mai to, ki wo tsukatte iru no ga yoku wakatta . Kigyouhimitsu ni kakawaru koto dakara wareware niha misemai .
** ** * [MA SU ] (Subete no dousi to ichibuno jodousi ni tsunagaru.) (Teinei na hy o ugen) * "Aniya san no otaku ha doko ni a ri masu ka." "Saa, si ri mase n nee." Ima tatekond e iru node, anata no hanasi ha ato de kiki ma sho u . Uchi ni t suki m asit a r a odenwa sa sia ge m asho u . ** ** * [MIT AI( DA) ( ] (Meisi, dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.) (Yo u su: De n mo n <t sut aekiita k oto >) * Nandaka y u me
mitaina
keikaku da na.
Nike, kimi nandaka kaoiro ga war ui mitaida yo. Henji ga n ai tokoro wo miru to, dare mo in ai mitai da na. Karera ha Kanada ni ijuu s ur u mitaida yo. Kono ie sasiosae ra re ru mitaida .
Appendix 1-II - 8
(Reiji: T ato e) * "Ano ot oko mitai na iikagenna yatsu ga hoka ni iru ka." Kare ha marude y u ure i mitai na kao wo site arawareta . Ano hito mit ai ni ( ) utsukushii hito niha mettani omenikakare n ai ne. ** ** * [YOU] (Hataraki ha [U] to onaji. Kategorii 1 igai no dousi ni tsunagaru.) (Han asit e n o i si) * "Sate, benkyou si you ."
(Mira i n o hut asik a n a i si) * Asita eikga demo mi you ka na.
(Sa so ikake) * "Nee, eiga wo mi you yo."
(Ya war akai me ire i) * "Kono eiga ha kanarazu mi you . "
(So uz o u: S ui ry ou) * * "Kare nara sonna koto mo d eki you ." " to yuu y ouna koto mo i e you ."
Appendix 1-II - 9
(Han go a njiteki na hitei) * "Dare ga sonna mendou na koto wo s i you
(ka)."
(Taih iKat ei) * Poluno wo mi you to mi mai to, watasi no katte d a yo. Nani wo mi you to kamawa n ai d a ro u , kodomojaa nai n d aka ra .. ***** [YOU DA : YOUD ES U ] (Dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi, to tsunagaru.) (So utei/H Iy u) * Ano hito ha marude sono michi no senmonka no youni kuwasiku sitte iru ne. Atarasii sohuto ha, ima to bu youni ureteru so ud a . Kousen no kagende, kanojo no kaoiro ha a o za m eta youni mieta.
josi "no"
ni
(Reiji) * Koko ni a geta youna rei ha, hoka nimo irorio to aru. Laion ya hyou, chiitaa n o youna moujuu ha nekoka no doubutsu de su . (Huta sika na h an da n) * "Dou sita, genki ga nai y ouda na." "Hara no tatsu y ouna koto bakari ga okoru nde nee "
Appendix 1-II - 10
"Konna iikata wo suru no ha k oku n a youda ga , kimi, kono sigoto ni muite n ai nja na i ka." (Han asi n o n aiy o u n o s iji) * Kore made h a na sita sinkokuda.
youni , jitai ha hijouni
(Ne n ga n; Ira i; C h uu i;) * * * Douka ichinichi mo hayaku, kenkou ga kaihuku si m as u youni Yamadakun ni sugu kite ku re ru youni itte kure. Kaze wo hika na i youni , atatakaku site iki nasai.
** ** * [RA SII ] (Meisi, dousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.)
(Konky o no ar u /ts uta ekiki n i m oto dz uku s u isok u) * Ano hito ha mikake yori wakai rasii ( )yo. Siberia ha s a mui rasii ( ) nee.
(De nm o n tuta ekiita ha na si) * Buchou no musuko, daigaku ni uka ra nak atta rasii ( ) na. Eigyou no kachou ga ouryou no yougi de torisirabe r ar ete iru rasii ( ).
Appendix 1-II - 11
(Ari sa m a) * Ano hito ha honto ni otoko rasii ( ) hito d a. Take wo watta y ou ni kishou ga sappari siteiru. Kore nado ha, ika nimo ro siaj in rasii ( )oozappana sigoto da na.
** ** * [RA RE RU ] (Kan o use i) * Oya no konna sugata wo kodomo ni m is e rare ( )nai yo. Oyoso k an gae rare ( )na i you na hema/machigai wo sidekasite kureru ne, kimi ha. Kono shatsu ha chiisakute ki rare ( ) nai . Kono nansho ha onna ya kodomo niha nakanaka k oe rare ( ) nakat ta . (Ukemi) * Ni ge rare ta( ) sakana ha ookii mono d a . Iruka ga takusan hama ni uch ia ge rare te( ) sinda ra sii . Odate rare te( ), katta daiya ga makkana nisemono datta nd a to. (Kategorii 2, 3, 4 no dousi ni tsunagaru.)
(Jihat su sei) * Mukasi ha isha nimo hadaka ha mis e rare nai (), to yuu josei ga ookatta to iwareru. Sonna koto ha susunde m ou si age rare mase n ( ).
Appendix 1-II - 12
(So nkei n o tai do wo a ra was u hy ou ge n) (teichou na hyougen) * Okaeri niha, kochira no hikidemono wo omochikaeri ni na rare ( ) ma s u youni. Onimotsu ha, was ur e rare mase n() youni Tuide no ori ni watasidomo ni t ach iyo rare ( )ma s u you, onegai itasimasu.
[RE RU ] (Kategorii 1 to 5 no dousi ni tsunagaru.) (Kan o use i) * Nobo reru ( )tokoro made ikki ni noborou . Kyou uchi ni yo re tara( ), yotte kure nai ka. Kika re ta( ) mon jaa nai na, ano suttonkyouna ongaku ha. Osoku natta kedo, hitoride ka e reru ( ) kai. Kaere tara( ) osoku natte mo kaette kite.
(Ukemi) * Ya ra reru ( ) mae ni yaru. Kore ga, ano otoko no shugi da. Kono hon ha amari y o ma re te( ) inai. Kare ha doumo minna ni s uka re nai () youda na. Omoi, om o wa re te(), hutari ha kekkon sita.
(Jihat su sei) * Kokyou ni hitori nokosita haha no koto ga nani kani tsuke om o wa reru ( ). Kare wo kabau koe ha tsuizo kik a re nai ()na.
(So nkei n o tai do wo a ra was u hy ou ge n) * Tsuide no ori ni settaku ni t ac hiy or a re ( )m as u yo u Toukyou ni ts uka re ( ) ma sita ra , gorenraku kudasai.
Appendix 1-II - 13
[DA ] (Meisi, dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keisyoudousi, to josi "no" "kara" ni tsunagaru.) (Da ntei) * Kore ha, hana deha nak u , ha da ( ). Kanojo ha bij in da ( ). Kitsui noha koreka ra da ( ). Itaku temo, gutto gaman suru no da ( ) zo. Sibaraku aite no dekata wo m ir u beki da ( ).
(In aka pp oi h yo u ge n) * Toukyou sa ik u da ( ). Kono imo ha u me e ( umai) da ( ).
[DES U ] ("da" no teinei na ii kata) (Youhou ha "da" to onaji.) (Da ntei) * Anata no byouki ha ga n desu . AIDS no gen'in ha H IV desu . Tsugi no kaien ha gogo 4-ji ka r a desu 4 .
(Sui ry ou) ("darou" no teinei na hyougen.) ([d es ho + u ] no katachi] * Hikouki ha mou mamo naku touchaku s ur u desho u . Siberia no huyu ha sazo sa mu i desho u ne.
Appendix 1-II - 14
(Tein ei n a hyo u ge n) [(V. + desu), (Adj. + desu), (n ai + de su ), (t ai + de su ), (ra sii + des u ) nado no katachi] * Otaku no ojousan ha oki rei desu ne. Shujin ha, asu, Nyuuyooku ni tat su desho u . Nisi no sora ga yake ni akai desu ne. Sonna koto wo yuu noha yoku na i desu yo. Yama desu ka. Watasi mo ikitai desu nee. Chikaku karera ha kekkon suru ra sii desu ne. Anata mo kuru no desu ne. Sugu bouryoku wo huruu noha, naisin kowai k ar a desho u .
[BESI]
(Subete no dousi ni tsunagaru.)
(Meir ei) * Ya r u beki koto wo saki ni yatte kara, asobi nasai. Koko ha danko h umit od o ma ru beki da . Kare no sakuhin niha amari mir u beki mono ha nai . Sonna koto ha, hito to site su beki de ha nai . ("bekar a zu" : "besi" no hiteikei. Kinsi wo arawasu, bungoteki hyougen de tsukau.) * * Kiken! Hairu bekarazu ( haitteha ikenai ) ! Sonna koto ha ariu bekarazaru koto da. ( atteha naranai koto)
Appendix 1-II - 15
2 JODOU SI NO GOKE I HE NK A Nihongo no jodousi ha, tsugino youna 8-tsu no pataan ( pattern) de gokei wo kaeru. i) ii) iii) "nai" ni tsudzuku katachi; Jodousi "u", "you" ni tsudzuku katachi; Jodousi "masu" ni tsudzuku ka, bun wo tochuu de tomeru katachi; iv) Jodousi "ta ni tsudzuku katachi " kako no hyougenn ; v) bun wo owaraseru katachi; vi) "toki()", "tokoro()" nado no meisi, daimeisi ya, hukusi "ka ", josi nado ni tsudzuku katachi; vii) "ba" , nara ni tsudzukete, katei ya jouken wo sadameru katachi; viii) meirei ()no katachi. Gendai no hanasikotoba de tsukawareru jodousi ha, koko ni ageta 22 shurui de aru. Kono uchi, jouki no yattsu (8) no pataan subete no katachi wo motte iru mono ha, "saseru", "seru", "simeru", "masu", "rareru", "reru " no 6 shurui dake de aru. Hoka no 16 shurui no jodousi niha, 8-tsu no pataan no uchi no doreka no katachi ga kaketeiru. Ika reibun ni yotte, sorezore no jodousi no tsukawareuru gokei wo simesu.
1. [U] , [ vvi no hutatsu no pataan sika nai ga, vi) no katachi ha hotondo tsukaware nai. * * * Asu ha tegami no henji wo k ako u ( ). Shousetsu demo k ako u ( ) ka na. Otte henji wo k ako u ( )hodo ni, sibaraku matare yo. (Kotenteki na hyougen)
2. [SA SE RU ] [8-tsu subete no pattan ga aru.] * Kono ko ni sonna mono ha ta be sase ( )n ai de
Appendix 1-II - 16
* * * * * * *
kudasai. Sakini kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sase ( ) you . Sakini kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sase ( )m as h o u . Kodomo tachi niha, saki ni gohan wo ta be sase ta( ) yo. Watasi ga kono ko ni gohan wo ta be saseru ( ). Sorosoro kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be saseru ( ) ka na. Saki ni kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sasere ( )ba . Kimi ga kodomo ni gohan wo ta be sasero ( )yo. Ano otoko ha husimatsu wo sidekasita. Tadachi ni kaisha wo yam e saseyo ( ).
3. [SE RU ] [8-tsu subeteno pattan ga aru.] * * * * * * * * Kodomo wo sonna abunai tokoro niha zettai ni ika se ( )nai . Konomo wo eigo no juku ni ik a se ( )y ou . Kodomo wo sochira ni ik a se ( )ma su . Ima uchi no ko wo sochira ni ika se ta( ) yo. Ima uchi no ko wo sochira ni ika seru ( ). Nani mo kodomo wo sonna abunai tokoro ni ika seru ( ) hits uy ou ha nai y o. Isogasii nara, kaimono niha, kodomo wo ika sere ( ) ba ii. Kaimono ha kodomo ni ika sero ( )yo. (Sankounin wo keisatsusho ni shuttou s a seyo ( ).)
4. [SIM ER U] Gendai deha SE RU () wo tsukau. (8-tsu subete no pataan ga aru.) (Hurumekasii hyougen de tsukawareru.) * * Ano otoko ni sonna bakana koto ha i wa sime ( )nai you ni si nasai. Dare ni i wa sime ( )you ga, yuu koto ha onaji ni naru.
Appendix 1-II - 17
* * * * * *
Kare ni i wa sime ( ) masure ba, sono kouzan niha uran ga nemutte iru sou d esu . Dare ga ano otoko ni sonna bakana koto wo i wa sime ( )ta . Kare niha sinjitsu wo i wa simeru ( ). Kare wo site i wa simeru ( ) t o, ryouhou tomo kekka ha kawara nai to yuu koto de s u. Kare ni i wa simere ( )ba , mada toubun keiki no kaihuku ha mikome n ai sou de s u. Dare ni sonna koto wo i wa simero ( )to yuu no ka ne. Kare wo site i wa simeyo ( ).
5. [SOUD A /( SOUD ES U )] 1 [iii] to v] no pataan no gokei sika nai.] * * Jikka ni hukou ga att a soude mikka hodo kaisha wo , yasumas ete hosii soudesi ta . Kare ha ok urete kuru souda . [Kare ha okurete kuru soudesu . (teinei na hyougen)] Mukasi mukasi, urano yama niha taisou kokoro no yasasii oni ga sunde ita souna . [omoidebanasi ya monogatari nado ni tsukawareru hurui hyougen]
6. [SOUD A ] 2 (8-tsu subete no pataan ga aru.)
* *
Ame ga hu ri soudaro u. Ame ga hu ri soude , huranai. Ima nimo ame ga h ur i souni , sora ha don'yori kumotte ita. Uchi wo deru toki ha, imanimo ame ga h u ri soudat ta .
Appendix 1-II - 18
* * *
Kyou ha douyara, amega h ur i souda . Douyara ame ga h ur i souna , kumoyuki ni nattekita. Amega hu ri sounara ( ba), kasa wo motte ikinasai. Kaasan, Toshio no yatsu kikoku ga n obir u soud a yo. Kore ha, ikanimo jidaiga h u ru souna tatemono da naa~. Nandaka at ra s hi souna koto itte, kekkyoku mae no seiken no yarikuchi no aryuu jaa naika. Kono sakana doumo k us atte soud a yo, nioi ga henda, taberu no yametoita houga ii yo.
* * * *
7. [TA ] [i] to viii] no pataan no gokei ha nai.] * * * Kore dake setsumei sure ba, watasi no yuu koto ga kare nimo wak at taro u . Ano otoko no honsin ga wak at ta . Watasi no yuu koto ga wakat ta-a. [Watasi no yuu koto ga wakat ta ka .] Wak at ta koto ha wakat ta ga/(kedo), imahitotsu, ano hitono honsin ga waka ra n akat ta . Watasi no yuu koto ga wakat tara (-ba ), tadachi ni jikkou ni utsusite kure.
8. [TAI]
[i] to viii] no pataan no gokei ha nai.]
Kimi mo sinjitsu ga sir i takaro u . (sukosi hurumekasii hyougen) [Kimi mo sinjitsu ga siri tai d arou . (genzai no hanasi kotoba de ha kou yuu) Anata no sono go no okagen ga si ri taku tegami wo
Appendix 1-II - 19
* * * *
sasiage masu. (aratamatta iikata) (Anata no sono go no guai wo sir i taku te, denwa wo simasita .) Motto anata no koto ga sir i takat ta . Motto kimi no koto ga si ri tai . Motto koko no tokoro wo kuwasiku s iri tai ga , siryou ha aru ka ne? Sarani kuwasiku si ri takere ba , siryou wo toriyose ma sh o u.
9. [TAG A RU ] () * *
[viii] no pattaan no gokei dake ga nai.]
* * * *
Saikin no kodomo ha, hon wo yo mi tagara ()n ai . Yo mi tagaro u () tomo, yomu ni yomare nai jidai mo atta noni ne. (sukosi hurui hyougen) [Yo mi tagat te( ) m o , yomitai hon sonomono ga nakatta jidai mo atta.] Uchi no ko ga kono hon wo y omi tagat ta(). Kono hon ha , minna gakanarazu y o mi tagaru (). Kono hon wo y omi tagaru ()na ra , watasi ga yond ar a, kasiteageru. Kono hon wo yo mi tagare ( ) ba , watasi no wo kasiteagaru.
10. [NAI] * *
[i] to viii] no pataan no gokei ga nai.]
* *
Watasi ha nani mo si ra nai (). Kare mo, sonna koto madeha sir a nakaro u . (sukosi hurumekasii iikata) Kare mo sonna koto madeha si ra nai () d ar ou . (genzai, hutsuu no iikata) Kanojo ha seken no koto wo hotondo sir u kot o m o naku ( ), isshou nohohonto sugosita. Kare ha sonna koto toha tsuyu si ra nakat ta().
Appendix 1-II - 20
* * *
Sonna koto ha mattaku s ir a nai (). Sonna koto wo si ra nai ().ho d o, sekenno kotoni utoku mo nai. Kono ten wo kuwasiku si ra nakere ( ) ba , kimi no ronkyo ha aiamaina mono ni naru.
11. [NU ] [iii], v], vi], vii] no yottsu no pataan no gokei dake sika nai.] (sukosi hurumekasii iikata) * * Matte ita kyaku mo ko zu (), kanojo ha gakkari sita. Ano otoko ha mou ko nu (). Ano otoko ha mou ko n (nu) (()). (yori ooku mochiirareru katachi) [Ano hito ha mou ko nai . ] (kono hyougen no hou ga yori ippanteki.) Dare ka ko nu k oto niha, nani mo hajimerare nai. Dare ka ko n(nu) () k oto niha, nani mo hajimerare nai. Dare mo konakere ()ba , kaigi ha chuusi da. Dare ka ik a ne ()ba , narum ai . [Dare ka ika na kere ()ba , ikenai. [(yori ippanteki na iikata)]
* * *
12 [MAI] *
[v] to vi] no pataan no gokei sika motanai.]
* *
Kare nara sonna koto ha s u mai (). (sukosi hurumekasii iikata) [Kare nara sonna koto ha si nai da r ou .] Iku mai () to , omotta kedo, icc hatta . Kare ha sonna koto wo su mai t()o , omou kedo
Appendix 1-II - 21
13 [MA SU ] [Subete no pataan no gokei ga aru.] (teinei na kotoba) * * * * * Watasi ha, mou kuni niha kae ri mase n(n u) (()). Saa, kae ri ma s ho u (). "Ten ni m a si m a su ( ), warera ga kami yo " (Kirisutokyou no inori no kotoba) Tadaima kae ri masi ta(). Kyou ha hayaku ka eri m asu (). [5-ji goro Toukyou ni ts uki masuru ( ). (totemo hurumekasii iikata)] Kuni ni ka er i masu () orini, mou ichido, goaisatsu ni ukagai m asu (). [Kuni ni ka eri masuru ( )o ri , saido oukagai itasima s ur u .] (hurumekasii hyougen) Kuni ni kae r i masure ( ) ba , tokidoki gorenraku mousiage m asu (). (aratamatta hyougen) Okaeri n as ai mase ( ). ("Okaer in as ai masi ().") 14 [MIT AIDA ] [i] to viii] no pataan no gokei ga nai.] Kare mo k ur u mitaidaro u. Sutaa ga k u ru mitaide , wakai musume ga oozei hirobani atsumatteita . Kimiga k an gaete ir u mitaini kotoga umaku , hakoban ai to, omou yo. Kyaku ha minna ku r u mitaidat ta . Kare ha gogatsu niha kae r u mitai da . Sugu nimo k ur u mitaina k oto itteita ga, yattekita noha, yonaka chikaku d atta . Kyaku ga oozei k u ru mitainara ba , hayame ni renraku site moraitai. Baka mitai , sonna koto yuu nante, sinjirare nai yo. Aitsu, hajime ha soutou maitte ita mitaidatta kedo, douyara tachinaore soudatta.
* *
* *
* * * * * *
Appendix 1-II - 22
* 15.
Kono sakana h ur ui mita id a , taberu no yosou. [YOU]
[v] to vi] no pataan no gokei sika nai ga vi) no gokei ha hotondo tsukaware nai.] * * * Abunai koto ha sak e you . Sake you ni m o, ikinari tobidasarete , s ake y ou ga nakatta. Hoka ni motto ii yo u ga aru drouni, sonna ii y ou wo sure ba kizutukeru dake jaa nai ka.
16. [YOU DA ] motanai.] * *
[i] to viii] no pataan no gokei wo
* * * *
Pengin ga umi no naka wo oyogu yousu ha, marude tobu youdaro u. Hikouki ha to bu youde , to ba nak a tta. 2-jikan go niha t obu youn i , zenryoku wo tsukusite iru. Hikouki ha, mamonaku t obu youda t ta . Hikouki ha mamonaku to bu youda . Hikouki ha mou mamonaku to bu youna kot o , wo housou siteita. Kyoujuu ni hikouki ga to bu younara ba , chiketto ha kyanselu sinai de okou.
17. [RA SII] [ i], ii], viii] no pataan no gokei wo motanai ga, viii) mo hotondo tsukaware nai.] * Shounen ha, kanojo no yuu koto ha yoku kik u rasiku (), sono toki ha sunao datta . * Shounen ha, kanojo wo sinrai site, hanasi wo kik u rasikat ta( ).
Appendix 1-II - 23
* Shounen ha kanojo no yuu koto ha kiku rasii () ga , hoka no hito niha zouo sae miset a. * Josei ha onnarasikere ()ba ii to, yuu mono demo nai.
18. [RA RE RU ] motsu.]
[8-tsu subete no pattaan no gokei wo
* Kare ha, jousiki deha k an gae rare ( )nai , toppina koudouyousiki no mochinusi da . * Kono mondai wo kaiketsu suru niha, iroirona shudan ga kan ga e rare ()y ou . * Sono mondai no kaiketsu niha, ookuno houhou ga kan gae rare ( ) ma su . * Kan gae rareru ( ) dak e no shudan ga, kan ga e rare ta(). * Kan gae rareru ()s aiz en no houhou ga, kore desu. * Hokani mada ii houhou ga k an gae rarere () ba , sore mo awasete kentou sitai . * Anna yatsu, katte ni kuruma ni demo h an e rarero (), kikiwake no nai yatsu da. Kiken ha tsuneni tomonau mono to, k an gae rareyo (). (sonkei no nen wo kometa meirei)
19. [RE RU ]
[8-tsu zenbu no pataan no gokei wo motsu.]
* Kono hon ha, senmonka ni sika yo m a re ()na i . * Kono hon ha, ookuno hito ni yo m a re you () ( ) . * Kare no sakuhin ha ooku no hito ni y o ma re , ooku no kotoba ni hon'yaku s a reta (). * Kono hon ha, ookuno hito ni y om a reru ()yo. * Kono hon ga ookuno hito ni y o ma reru () na ra , watasi ha kouei da . * Kono hon ga ookuno hito ni y o ma rere () ba , sakusha to
Appendix 1-II - 24
site ha, bougai no yorokobi d a. * Shokun gakusha taran to sure ba, ookuno shomotsu yo ma reyo (). * Anna yatsu ha same ni demo k u wa rero ().
wo
20.
[DA ] [i] to viii] no pataan no gokei ha motanai. vi] no katachi mo hotondo tsukaware nai.]
* Kore ha kimi no hon daro u () ne. Sono hon ha boku n o da (). * Kono hon ha boku no hon de (), kimi no de ()h a n ai . Sore ha boku no hon na no de (), kaesite hosii na. * Kono hon ha boku no hon dat t a(). Sore ha boku n o dat t a(). * Kono hon ha boku no hon da (). Sore ha boku n o da ( ). * Kore ha anata no hon na no ()ka. Sore ha boku no na n(o) da (()). * Kore ga kimi no hon nara () (ba ), kimi ni kaesou. Sore ga boku no n ara () (ba ), touzen kaesite morau . 21. [DES U ] [ii], iv], v], vi] no pataan no gokei sika motanai ga, vi] ha hotondo tsukaware nai.] * Kare ha mou sugu kuru desho u (). Kyou ha, ichinichi yoi tenki desho u (). Asita ha, kanarazu haisha ni iku n o desho u () ne. * Kyou ha, ichinichi yoi tenki desi ta(). Hutari ha, yatto no omoi de, Toukyou made kaeritsuita n o desi ta(). * Kyou ha, ichinichi yoi tenki desu (). Watasi ha, dousite mo, igaku wo manabitai n o de su (). * Nanto yoi otenki desu ( )kot o. (Josei dake no yuugana hyougen.)
Appendix 1-II - 25
* Datte, Takeosan ga amari hidoi koto wo yuu n o de su () m on o . (Josei dake no yuugana hyougen.) * Desu kara , sakki kara nando mo mousiagete iru de sh o u ().
21.
[BESI ] kanarazu jitugen saseru/suru (Hiteigo wo tomonau toki ha, sase nai/si nai) koto wo kyouchousuru hyougenn] [iii], v], vi] no pataan no gokei sika nai ga iii) to v) ha hotondo tsukaware nai.] (Hiteikei niha "beka ra zu " wo tsukau.)
Muyou no mono (ha) tac hi' ir u bekarazu. ( haitte ha ikenai) Kono you na hushouji ha, wagasha niha a ri u bekarazaru ( atteha naranai) koto da. Akumade shosi wo ka ntet su s u beku , zenryoku wo agete maisin sitai. (katai hyougen) Sarani koudo no senmon wo ki wa me ru beku , tobei simasu. Akumade shosi wo kantetsu su besi . (katai hyougen meirei no imi wo komete tsukau.) Au beki hito ga arawaren akatta . Kimi ha sarani koudo no senmon wo ki wa me r u beki da . Yu u beki(koto)ha yuu, kiku beki koto ha kiku, jibun dake wo zettaisi s u beki d e ha nai, kono gensoku wo kimo ni meijite ok u besi . Kono chihou niha mir u beki ( ) hyouka su beki ( ) sanbutsu ha nani mo nai ga, dzibasangyou wo hatten sa su bek u ( ), agete eii huntouchuu dakara, sono uchini a na do ru beka ra za ru ( )sokodzikara wo hakki suru youni narou.
* *
Appendix 1-II - 26
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]

TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
I MIR AI WO AR A W ASU DOU SI NO YOUHO U
"Asita eiga wo mi ni ika nai (ka)." "Un, ik u ." "Shukudai ha itsu yaru no." "Kyou ha tsukareta kara, asita ya ru ." Yotei; kokolodzumori. "Hayaku heya wo katadzuke nasai." "Ato de kat ad zuke ru ." kokorodzumori.
Yotei;
"Raishuu Kanada ni shucchou suru . Shorui wo youi site oite kure nai ka." "Shouchi si masita. Sore de, buchou, okaeri ha." "2 shuukan hodo de k aette k uru ( ) ." Yotei; kokolodzumori. Oo i, isoge. Ima ik u . Masani okonaou to suru ishi wo arawasu.
II K AKO WO AR A WA SU DOU SI NO YOUHOU [Kono katachi no youhou ha, shu to site, Nikki ya kiroku, memo nado ni mochiirareru kakikotoba no youhou de aru.] * Kyou ha ichinichjuu Kyouto no machi wo kenbutsu suru ( ). Gozenchuu ha Kyouto no higasigawa no kooji wo ma waru . Kenninji no karesansui ga kini iru . Gogo Sagano ni iki, touhu-ryouri no chuushoku wo t or u . Chuushoku no ato Arasiyama ni asobu . Kon'ya ha, Arasiyama no ryokan ni tomaru koto ni suru . 9:30 shussha. Kaigi no ato, shoudan no tame tokuisaki wo ma wa ru . Gozenchuu ha A-sha no siirebuchou to au . Sinseihin no ureiki ni tsuite rouhou a ri . Tsuika oodaa( order) no
Appendix 2 - 1

kakuyaku wo uru . Gogo, D-sha no eigyoukachou, E-sha no hanbaibuchou to mendan. Sorezore, tousha seihin no juyou ga izen joushou keikou wo tsudzukete i ru mune, houkoku wo uke ru . Arata ni 10 oku en bun no sinki juchuukeiyaku wo t orik im eru . 5:30 kisha. Buchou ni kyou no kekka wo houkoku. Buchou ooi ni y or oko bu. Yoru sake ni tukiau you, motome ra re ru . Mata Keiko tono deeto ga dame ni na ru . Keiko ni denwa si, aya m aru . Kanojo ooi ni muk ureru . Yaruse n asi .
III DO US I NO ME IS ITEK I NA YOUHO U Ooku no Yooroppa no gengo no dousi no genkei to onajiku, nihongo no dousi mo mata, sono genkei ga meisi to site no hataraki wo suru. Bunpougakusha ha, kono katachi mo "rentaikei" to site iru ga, iii) no rei igai ha, sono hataraki ha konponteki ni chigatte iru. Ika, sono rei no ikutsu ka wo koko ni matomete ageru. i) dousi no genkei nomi ka, mata ha meisi nitsunagaru (pataan vi) katachi ni josi "no " wo tomonatte meisiku no hataraki wo suru: Gaikokugo ga mini tsuita ka douka no hantei ha, ki ku , h a na su , y om u, k aku, sorezore no nouryoku ga heikin site tassei sarete i ru ka douka ni yotte, nasareru beki da. Kare ha, no m u uts u ka u no sanbyousi sorotta , , otoko da. Sin u no ko ro s uno , to aikawarazu no huuhugenka ga hajimatta yo, otonarisan ha
ii) Josi no "ka ", "t o ", "m o " nado ni tsunagatte meisi, mataha, meisiku no hataraki wo suru:
Appendix 2 - 2

Sin u ka ikir u k a no setogiwa ni tatasare, kare ha hajimete jibun no honshou wo sitta. Kiku t o mi ru to deha oochigai da. Kono kuni ha houdou sarete iru hodo komatte ianai. Mir u mo namida, kik u mo namida no monogatari: Somaria no genjou ha Rosia no hi deha nai.
* *
Sa ru mo to do ma r u m o , kimi no katte da. Migi ni s u su m u ka hidari ni s us um u k a : jinsei no wakaremichi ni tatte, ooi ni mayotta. Migi se n ka , hi da ri s en ka ( migini ikuka, hidarini ikuka), kokoha sianno sidokoro da. Su s um u ka s iri zok u ka , taichou no handan hitotsu ni 500 no hei no inochi ga kakatte ita.
iii) Meisi, "kot o ", "tok or o " nado wo shuushoku site, hukuzatsuna bunshou no meisiku no hataraki wo suru; (Korera no meisi ha kankeidaimeisi to onaji hataraki wo suru. Dousi ha genkei to onaji katachi wo toru.) * Kore kara houkoku s ur u kot o ha, kore made houdou sarete ir u kot o toha c hi ga u kankeidaimeishi ga habukarete iru, sono kuni no mou ichimen no genjitsu desu. Gaikokugo wo ma n abu koto ha, minasan ga jibunno kuni ni taisuru kyakkanteki na siya wo mot su ta suke to naru deshou. Ki mi ga om otte ir u kot o , ka n ga ete ir u kot o , subete socchoku ni hanasi te goran. Watasi ga iku tok o ro ha, Nyuu Ginia ( New Guinia) no kewasii yamaoku no mikai no buraku da.
Appendix 2 - 3

IV DOU SI NO K EIYOU SIT EKI NA YOUHOU Kore ha bunpouteki niha, dousi no "rentaikei" no youhou de aru. Kono youhou deha, dousi ha genkei to onaji katachi wo tori, shuto site,
i) *
meisi wo keiyou suru keiyousi, keiyousiku to site no hataraki wo suru: Iku() tosi ku ru () tosi: kono ichinen no samazama na kangai wo kono joya no kane ni nose te, hitobito ha ima, sa r iyuk u() tosi wo okuri, ku ru () tosi wo kibou ni michite mukae you to site imasu. Koko, Asakusa ha Sensouji no omotesandou kara, hatsumoude ni otozureta hitobito no nigiwai wo otsutae site ori masu. Tokai de mir u () mono kik u() mono, subete ga kanojo niha mezurasiku, mata sinsenna odoroki datta. Kono mondai wo t oku ( )h ou ho u ha, zenbu de santoori ari masu. Hito sorezore, jibunno ko n om u () ya rikat a wo motte iru. Sore ga hanzai-sousa no tegakari t o n ar u() k oto ga aru. Ano otoko no s u ru ()k oto na su () kot o subete ga bakagete iru. kankeihukusi no hataraki wo suru meisi, "ori "kor o ", "s ets u ", ", "t oki ", "tok or o " nado wo shuushoku site hukusiku no hataraki wo suru:
ii)
Koc hir a ni mi er u( ) oideni naru ori niha, zehi uchi ni otachiyori kudasai. Kyuukou wo atatame tai to zonji masu. Sakura no hana no s aku () ko ro ni, mou ichido Nippon wo otozure tai to omotte imasu. Musume ga sochira ni oukagai s ur u () set su niha, yorosiku onegai mousi age masu.
Appendix 2 - 4

TIPS: [D OU SI * * * NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
Watasi ga tats u() t oki niha, daremo miokura nakutemo ii yo. Watasi ga kiku () toko r o deha, ano kaisha ha abunai rasii. Isha no y u u() t oko ro deha, shachou no byouki ha yodan wo yurusa nai sou da.
iii) Josi "ka ra", "to", "n i", "n ode" ni tsunagatte, hukusiku wo tsukuru.
Kimi ga musinkei ni sonna koto yu u ()ka ra , kanojo ha nakidasita nda. Sonna koto yu u ()t o , aitsu mata okoridasu zo. Omo u () ni , kotosi mo, ka mo naku huka mo nai, ichinen datta. Kuni no kouhai wo mir u () ni , watasi no kokoro ha ii you mo naku itamu. Kaeri ga osoku na ru () node , yuushoku ha ira nai. Taihuu ga chikadzuite ir u() n ode , umi ni yuku no ha yame you.
* * *
* *
Appendix 2 - 5
V DO US I NO JODOU S ITEK I NA YOUHOU Arushu no dousi ha, jodousi "te " wo kaisite, ta no tadousi ni tsunagatte, atakamo jodousi no you na hataraki wo suru mono ga aru. Sono tenkeiteki na mono ha, "te-i ru ", "te-a r u ", "te-k ur u ", "te-si ma u ", "te -m ir u " nado de aru. Kono uchi, hanasikotoba deha, "te-ir u" ha "te r u ni, mata, "te-simau" ha "ch a u " " ya c him a u nado, tsumatta katachi ni henkei suru.
[~te ar u ] * Koko ni o itea ru ()hon ha dare no ka na. "Sono koto ha kimi ni itte atta ()rou ( darou)." "Iya, nani mo kiite m as en () yo." Kimi ni azuketea ru ()shorui, kore kara uketori ni iku kara Sono koto ha mae motte chuui siteatta ()ja nai ka. Ie no mae ni tometeatt a() kuruma ga nusumareta. Tanigawa no iwakage ni suika ga hiyasitear u( ). Mou hieteiru () darou. Tottekite () tabe you.
[~te ir u /~ de i ru] [ ~ter u /~ d er u * "Kado no konbini (=convenience store) ha mada yatte r u ()ka na." "Gozen 1-ji made yatter u () yo." "Michi, sensei ga yonde ir u () yo." "Nan de shou ka, sensei." "Aa, kimi mou kono hon yond eir u ()ka" "Ee, mou yonj ai () masita." "Dou, kare to umaku ittei r u() ka ne." "Maa, nan toka umaku itte ru () kedo, kekkontte, sindoi nda na." "Sugu modoru kara, chotto koko de matte ite()." "Un, matte ru ()."
Appendix 2 - 6
[~te kur u ] * "Nani ka na. Ima henna oto ga sita ne." "Chotto itte mitek ur u ()." "Jaa, ittekimaasu( )." "Deha, itteku r u () yo." "Ki wo tsukete itte r as sh ai (). "Yuri, yuushoku no sitaku ga dekita kara, Takeru tachi wo yondekite ( )." Itsu karera ha yattek ur u ()no ka na. Un, karakuri ga dandan wakattekit a() zo. Naruhodo, karera no hara no uchi ga mietekit a() zo. Wakatta, aitsu no hara ga yometekita ().
* * * * *
[~te si ma u ] * "Nee, asobi ni itte ii." "Dame, saki ni shukudai wo yattesi m ai ()nasai." Iya nara, kaisha, yametesi m ae ()ba . Telebei nanka minagara, guzuguzu tabete naide, yayaku t abete sim ai ( )nasai. Ano hon yonjatta ()( y o nde si m atta n oka ( )). Un, ato mou sukosi de yomiowaru yo. Sou, yonj attar a(), kasite ne. Kono eiga wo mi you ka. Kore, watasi mou mic h atta()
* *
yo.
"Boku ha majime desu" tte. Heehn, toka nan toka icc hatte (), kage de nanpa siten darou, omae. Hakujou siro, kono yarou. Aa, tonde icc h atta() Itte si matt a. Sora no miokuri ha akke nai ne. Kodomo tachi ga minna dete icch atta ra (), ie no naka kyuu ni samisiku natta ne. "Kimi ga icch attar a () samisii na."
* *
Appendix 2 - 7
"Yoku, yuu yo. Romi to dekic hatte r u () kuse ni, watasi mita nda kara ne.
[~te mi ru ] * "Dou sita noka na, kono telebi? Utsura nai yo. " "Dore, mite mi you () ." Yatte mi ()nai koto niha, ii mo warui mo ie nai yo. Chotto, anata, kocchi wo muitemi ()te . nai. Un, nakanaka niau ja
* *
* *
Sigoto ga yotei douri itteru ka, genba ni itte mite m i () you. Takeo tachi umaku yatter u no ka na. Tochuu yott emi ()you ya.
[~te itad aku ] * * Kono kaisha kongetsu kagiri de yamesaseteita d aki ( )masu. Hitokoto watasi nimo iwaseteit ad aki ()tai.
[~te kud as ai] ( Teinei na meirei, sasoi, koudou no unagasi no katachi) * * * * Irasshai mase. Douzo kochira ni otoorik ud as ai (). Youkoso! Sa, kochira ni okakeku da sa i(). Douzo goyouken wo ohanasiku da sa i(). Goranku da sa i( ). Korega osagasi no sinamono desu. Yorosikattara, omotomek ud as ai ().
[~te kur er u ] [ ~tea ge r u /~t ager u ] * * * * Uchi no chichi ha mettana koto deha hometeku re () nai. Yuki, kaimono ni ishooni tsuitekiteku re ()nai ka. Un, ii yo. Tsuteitte a ge ru (). Neechan, eki made okuttetteku re ()nai (ka).
Appendix 2 - 8
* * *
Ii yo, okuttetta ge ru (). Kaasan ga yonabe wo site, tebukuro andek ur e ta () (utano kashi) Yoku yattek ure r u ()yo. Konna koto aitsu ja nakyaa, deki nai yo, mattaku.
[~te mi se ru ] * * * Ano Eberesuto ni kanarazu nobotte mi se ru ()zo. Tsugi ha champion ni katt emi se r u ()zo. Ii shousetsu wo kaite, Akutagawa-shou wo tott emi se ru () kara ne. Watasi ni yarekko naitte iu no ka. Yuttek ur er u ()ja nai. Kanarazu yattem ise r u ()kara ne.
[~te m or au ] * * * * Kimi niha kongetsu kagiri de yamete m or au (). Yoo, niisan. Konya koko ni tometem or a u ()yo. Dou, kono sukaafu (=scarf). Kaasan ni katt em or a tta ()no yo. Kimi niha jijitsu wo sittem o rai ()tai na.
[~te ya ru] /[~ta ru]/[~c h ar u] * * * Sono ryukku ha omoi kara, boku ga shott eya ro u ( ). Omo sou da ne. Mott eya ro u (). Daibu hashitta kara tsukareta rou. Sukoshi kawatteyar o u( ). Ore ni dekinaitte. Yuttek ur er u ()jaa nai no. Yosi yatta ro u ()jaa nai. Nanii, yareru mon nara yatte mi ro (). Hantai ni yacch ar u ( ).
* *
Appendix 2 - 9
[~te yuk u/~t e iku/[ ~tek u] * * * * * Deteiku ()tte , omae, yuku ate anno ka. Uchi ni chotto yotteik a () nai ka. "Uchi ni yotteka ()nai (ka)." "Un, ii yo." "Kono saten de koohii demo nond eko u () yo." "Souda na, yott eko u ()ka ." "Melon ga hiete ru kara tabeteka ( )nai ka." "Arigatou. Yobaretek ou ()ka na." "Kono depaato de kaimono siteik u () kara, saki ni ittete ( )yo." "Boku mo tsuiteku ()yo."
* *
Appendix 2 - 10
VI DOU SI NO SET SUB IGOT EKI NA YOUHOU I (Huku gou do u si no ki no u)
[-a ger u - ] * * * * Namae wo yomi-a ge ta() hito ha, moto no tokoro ni modotte ite kudasai. Ano otoko ha, mi-ageta() yatsu da. Migotoni nankan wo toppa site noketa. Shukudai wo si-a ge tara ()kimi ni tsukiau yo. Kono shousetsu ha, kaki-a geru ( )made ni 3-nen han mo kakatta souda.
[-oe ru - ] * * * *
Yomi-oe ta() hon ha, moto no tokoro ni modosite oite kudasai. Kono eiga ha, mi-oe ru ()made ni 3-jikan mo kakaru. Shukudai wo si-oe te() kara asobi nasai. Kono shousetsu ha, kaki-oe ru ()made ni 3-nen han mo kakatta souda.
[-o wa ru - ] * * * * Sono hon wo yomi- owat tara(), watasi ni kasite. Eiga wo mi- owat te(), soto ni deru to, ame datta. Kotae wo kaki-owat ta ()jun ni, kaette yorosii. Kono sigoto wo si-oware ba , sukosi ha hima ga tore souda.
[-kom u - ] * * * * * Sono onna no hanasi ni, minna sukkari kangaekon de simatta. Kanojo ha zensen site, 3-i ni kui-kome re ba , joudeki da. Amega hutte kita node, sentakumono wo tori- kon de kudasai. Kou'un ga mai-kon da to, ikka ha ooyorokobi site ita. Otoko ha, muriyari, retsu ni wari-k om ou to site, minna no hinan wo abita.
Appendix 2 - 11
[-kom er u - ] * * * Yama no naka ha, kiri ga tachi-kome te ite, sikai ga kika nakatta. Karera ha, nan nichi mo semai heya ni toji-kome ra rete ita. Kuchi ga tassha de, aite wo yari-k omeru made, hikisagara nai otoko da yo, aitsu ha.
[-su gi r u - ] * * * * * * * Iya, i isugi ta. Gomen. Ijou no koto ha, ikura kyouchou site mo, kyouchou sisugiru koto ha nai. Hiesugiru to, kudamono ha umaku naku naru. Kono nimono, sukosi nisugi ta na. Udon ya soba ha, yude sugi ru to, mazuku naru zo. Ganbaru noha ii. Daga ya risugi ru nomo yoku nai. Odate sugi nai you ni ne. Kazuo ha, odateru to, sugu zu ni noru nda kara
[-tsu dz uke ru - ] * * * * * Ame ha kyou de maru mikka huri-t sudz uke te iru. Kodomo ha hitobanjuu naki-tsud z uke ta . Kara ha hitobanjuu hashiri-tsud zuk e te(), yatte kita. Hanasi-t sudz uke te(), yoru no akeru nomo ki ga tsuka nakatta. Otoko ha genkan mae ni suwari-tsud zuk e te, ugokou to si nakatta.
[-hat as u - ] * * Arigane wo tsukai-hata si te, mou issen mo nai. Ichizoku ha, kotogotoku uchi- hat asa reta.
[-hat er u - ] * * * Gaman ni gaman wo kasaneta ga, mou sei mo kon mo tsuki- hat e ta. Sono keikaku ha, kare no jinsei no mi- hat e nu yume datta. Masao ha munasiku ikoku no chi ni kuchi- hate ta.
Appendix 2 - 12
[-haj im er u - ] * * * * *
Huri- haji me te kara, kesa rokuji made no uryou ha 580 mili ni tassimasu. Kono hon ha, omosiroku te, yomi- haj im e tara, yamerare nai. Minasan, saki ni tabe- hajim e te kudasai. Naki- haji me tara, nakanaka nakiyama nai nda yo, kono ko ha. Machiagune te, kankyaku ha kaeri-haji me ta.
Appendix 2 - 13
VII DO US I NO ZOU GOHOU HUKUGOU DOU SI NO T SUK UR A REK ATA 1 [R + SU RU huk us i n ad o) * Watasi ha mainichi yoru 2-ji goro made benk yo u s ur u . Dok us h o s ur u noga watasi no shumi mitai na mono desu. Daibu sei ga deta na. Kokora de i pp uku si te, hitoiki tuskou. * Kyouju ha, wakai gakusei tachi to gi ro n s ur u noga, tanosii noda sou da. * Kono ikken ha, wagasha no meiun wo s ay uu s u ru koto ni naru darou. * Saikin deha, "tets u gak u s ur u", "k agaku su ru " nado to yuu hyougen mo goku hutsuuni tsukawareru you ni natte iru you da. * Komaashalu(CM) deha, "ta bako s u ru ", "ko ohi i su ru/ oc ha su r u / " nado to yuu joudan-mekasita hyougen mo tsukawarete iru ga, kore mo sono uchi hutsuu ni tsukawareru you ni naru kamo sire nai na. * Kiiboodo(=keyboard) kara moji wo ny u ury oku si tari, sukyanaa(=scanner) de gazou wo to riko mi , printaa ( printer) de sh uts ur yok u su ru( ): kore ga genzai no ofisu(= office) deno ippanteki na sagyou ni natte iru. * Kimi, asu no Sapporo iki no chiketto( ticket) wo 2 mai r iz aa bu ( res er ve) si te oite kure nai ka. ]
(R h a k an go, wa se i-ka n go n ad o no j uk ugo mei si, ga ir ai go ,
Appendix 2 - 14
Sutaato(=start) no tejun ha, suicchi(switch) A wo ohu(=Off) ni sita joutai de, suicchi B, D, C no junni tsugitsugi ni O n s ur u .
Kyou tozantai no ikkou ga sta ato( sta rt) si ta noha, kaibatsu 6300 meetoru no dai 1 kyanpu ( camp) desu.
* *
Ano bokusaa( boxer) ha utare-dzuyoi. Utare temo nakanaka d au n( do wn) si nai. A-sha to joi nto ( j oint) site kaihatsu-jigyou wo susumeru koto ni natta.
Sao wo ireru to, tadachi ni ooki na masu ga hitto( hit) sita .
Kimi tachi ha senpatsutai wo sa po ot o( su pp or t) site kure.
Endaka to hukyou de, tsuini kaisha ha gi bu ap p u ( gi ve u p) si ta .
Yokujitsu kanojo ha, nanigoto mo nakatta ka no you ni, ha re ba re si ta kawo wo site, arawareta.
Aa, yama ha ii na. Sora ha a o ao site, kuuki ha suzusiku, kireida si. Kokoro ga h are bar e s ur u .
* *
"Okosan tachi yasumichuu zutto inaka ni itte iru no? Jaa, sabisii deshou?" "Urusai noga inaku te, s ei sei su ru wa." Yare yare, nanmon ga kaiketsu site, yatto s eis ei sita. Iyaa, kitsui ichinen datta.
Sono musume no tatazumai ha hukk ur a s ite, ika nimo kawaige na huzei datta.
Appendix 2 - 15
[R' +S f] (R' h a keiyo u si, keiy ou d ou si, m ei si n ad o no goka n; Sf ha you gen t o sit e h ata rak u ikut suk a n o setu bi go)
[N (m ei si)+] (-mek u - ) * * * * * * * * Youyaku ha rume i te kita na. (=haru rasii kikou ni natte kita) "Otagai sama" to, kare ha hinik umei ta usuwarai wo ukabe te itta. Wareware no aida niha, himitsumei ta hanasi ha nani mo nai yo. Jiko no kuwasii jouhou ga naku, shuui ha niwaka ni irom ei te kita. Ie ga chikadzuku ni tsure, kare no kokoro ha tokime i te kita. Kare ha, ima wo toki m eku seijika da.
Namamekeru keisei domo sozoro saburaite, ito ayasi

kereba Sono kurabu niha, taisou namame i ta huzeino sugata-katachi wo sita onna tachiga nazom ei ta bishou wo kuchimotoni tataete suwatte ita.
(-mek as u - ) * * * * "Ayakari tai ne" to, Satsuo ha joudanmek as ite, Saeko ni itta. Kare no kuchiburi niha, dokoka hinikumek as u you na hibiki ga atta. Kanojo ha, Yasu no kikoku wo machi nagara, mune wo tokimeka site ita. Onna ha, himitsumek asi ta bishou wo, kuchimoto ni
Appendix 2 - 16
ukabe nagara, tatte ita. (-bam u - ) * * * * Reika 20 do no mori no naka, 1-jikan hodo sukii de aruku to, sukkari
aseban de kita.
Hoolu( hall) no naka niha kiba n d a hansodeshatsu wo kita otokotachi ga suwatte ita. Hihan wo ukete, kyouju ha kishokuba n d a . Sono otokono hitokotode za ha niwakani kesikiban da.
(-bur u - ) * * Ano sensei ha, gakushabura nai tokoro ga, hito ni koukan wo motareru nda.
Anikiburu noha ii ga, sukosi ha imouto no koto wo itawatte

yare.
[keiyo us i, keiy o ud ou si, do u si] (-koker u - ) * * Asa hayaku modotte, kutsumo nugazu ni beddo ni yokotawaru to, Joo ha yokuasa made nemurik oke ta . Nani ga sonna ni okasikatta noka, musume tachi ha waraikoke te
ita.
(-koku ru - ) * Kanojo ha, nani wo kikare temo, shuusi damarikok ut te ita. (-su gi r u - )
Appendix 2 - 17
* * * * * * * * *
Sore ha kodomo niha omosugiru . Watsi ga motou. Suso ga nagasugiru ne. Sukosi tsumete moraou. Hutari no haru ha nagasugi ta mitai da na. Kekkyoku wakarechatta yo. Ikura wakamono ha mono wo sira nai toha ie, kare no baai ha, amari nimo
siranasugiru yo.
Jitai ha touzensugi ru kekka ni owatta. Jikan no yoyuu ga nasasugiru . Kore deha ii seihin no kaihatsu ha deki nai. Kono sukaato ( skirt) ha watasi niha mijikasugiru . Kono heya, samusugi nai ka. Metalu ( metal) no ondo ga takasugi ru you da. Kikai wo tomete tenken si you. (-mek u - ) * * * Asaborake no nisi no sora ni ake no myoujou ga honom ei te ita. Hutari ha, minami no umi de, koi ni mekurumek u toki wo sugosita. Kanoji ha, Tadasi tono mekurumeku ai ni hitatte ita.
(-mek as u - ) * Otoko ha, sinjitsu wo honomek asu you na, kuchiburi datta.
(-taku ru - ) * * Sukuutaa(=scooter) ni notta hutarigumi no otokoga, kanojo no baggu wo hittak ut te nigeta. Hoolu no suteeji(=stage) deha kao ni keshou wo nuritakut ta onna ga, urabureta uta wo kedarusou ni utatte ita.
Appendix 2 - 18
(-tats u - ) * * * * * * * * Minna ni karakawarete, otoko ha muki ni natte, ikiritat ta. Yu ga nit at tara , soba wo yudede kurdasai.
Nietat ta yu wo hikkurikaesite, kodomo ha ooyakedo wo

sita.
Kiritat ta gake no, haruka sita ni, keiryuu ga siroi mizusibuki

wo agete nagarete ita. Haru, kagerou no moetat su koro, Ryouichi no ane ha, yama wo koe te, totsuide itta. Kare no esupuri(=esprit) no kiita jooku(=joke) ni kaijou ha wakitat ta
.
Himaraya no yamayama ha Kazuo no me no mae ni sobietat te ita.
Ni oitat su youna utsukusisa ga kanojo no karada kara

hassan site ita. (-dat su - )
* * * * * *
Hui no kougeki ni, teki ha ukiasidat te, soukudzure ni natta. Shachou ha, omodat ta mono wo hikitsurete, genba wo mimawatta. Sono hanasi wo kiite, kare ha, zensin soukedat ta. Kono kuni no shakai ha, doomo chitsujodat te ()inai na. Higasi no sora no murasakid atsu koro, kotori tachi no sanzameku nakigoe ni mezameta. Genzai no wagasha no joukyou ha omotedat te ()ha ie nai.
(-gar u - ) * * Kare no hanasi ni, Yurie ha, hara wo kakaete, okasigat ta(). Chichioya ga kaettekuru to kiite, kodomotachi ha uresigat ta( ).
Appendix 2 - 19
* * * * * * * *
Nani mo kanasiga ru ()koto ha nai ja nai. Sugu kaette kuru yo.
Kowagara ()naku temo ii yo. Kono chuusha ha itaku nai kara ne.
Omae ga nagai koto kaette ko nai node, kaasan ga samisigat teru(
) zo. Hazukasigat te(), kanojo nakanaka dete ko nai yo.

Kanja ga amari kurusiga ru ()you nara, moruhine(=morphine) wo uchi mashou. Nan da, hito no sippai wo omosirogat teru( )dake kai. Hakujoumono ga. Sonna ni samugaru() hodo kono heya no ondo hikuku nai kedo na. Netsu ga aru nja nai ka. Aitsu, minna no mae deha tsuyogat teru() kedo, hontou ha okubyou nan daa. (-gum u - ) * Wakare ga tsurai to, kanojo ha namidagun de() ita.
(-dz uku - ) * * * * * Niwa no momiji mo irod z uki ()hajimeta. 14 ka. Sorosoro irokedz uku ()tosigoro da na. Oya mo, nani ka to sinpai darou. Sono hanasi wo kiite, kanojo ha kyuu ni ojiked zui ta(). Aitsu, minna ni odate rarete, sukkari chousidz ui chatta( ) na. Suppadaka de odoridasita yo. "Sensei, nyoubo ga sanked zui ta ()you desu." "Ochitsuki nasai. Mada sugu niha umare masen yo."
Appendix 2 - 20
(-bam u - ) * Morino nakani susumuni sitagatte, dandan karadaga aseban de() kita. Kinchoude, kareno hitai ha aseba n da(). * Kareno hatsugenni shussekisha ha minna kesikiba n da().
(-bur u - ) * * * Nani wo sonnani erabut teru() nda ne. Itsumo koushoubut te(), torisumasite iru tokoro ga ki ni kuwa nai ne, ano okusan.
Jouhinbut tete ()mo, sugu osato ga sireru yo, omae.
3. [P f.+ R"] [(Pf.) ha s etto u go. ( R") h a do u si. (P f.) n ih a, o oku no do us i n o re n'yo uke i ("m as u" ni ts uku kat ach i) ga kur u ga, keiy o usi , huk us i, m eis i n ad o mo kur u. Kok o de h a s on o u chi t oku sh u n a mo n o d ake wo rei ni a gete sim es u.] (koji- - ) * * Dorobou ha doa wo k ojiakete, ie no naka ni haitta you da. Kagi ga kowarete, aka nai. Doa wo k ojiakeru sika nai na.
(Hita- - ) * * Toransusiberia(=trans-siberia) tetsudou no ressha ha, yuki no kouya wo nisi ni muke te hit ahasitte ita. Karera ha, kanojo no shussei ni kansuru himitsu wo hita kakusite
ita.
Appendix 2 - 21
Aki no hi no violon no tameiki no, urabure te hi taburu ni uraganasi
(Hiki- - ) * * * * * * * * * * * * * Koko made kitara, mou hik kaesu hikikaesu wake niha ika nai. Zensin aru nomi da. Subete gimon no yochi ga nai you ni mieru ga, dokoka hikkakaru
nda yo na.
Kuruma ni iya to yuu hodo doromizu wo hikkake rareta. Kayui kara to itte, naorikaketa kizuguchi wo hik kaite ha dame da. Buka no husimatsu no zen sekinin wo hik kabutte, buchou ha kaisha wo yameta. Genba ha, hikkurikaeru you na oosawagi datta. Ie mo kazai mo, nani mo ka mo hik kurume te , 1000 man'en de uriharatta. Muri ga toore ba, douri hikkomu. (Kotowaza) Genkoku ha sojou wo hik kometa. Kare ha, kokyou no inaka ni hikkomotte, hatasaku to sousakukatsudou ni sennen sita. Sono wakai gakusha ha, kakkiteki na riron wo hi ssagete, gakkai ni toujou sita. Aitsu ha, hutee yatsu da. Kondo attara, hittsukamaete , korasimete yaru. Atsui nda kara, sonna ni betabeta to hittsuki nasan na.
(bu chi - - ) * * Sono sukyandalu ni towarete ita giin ha, kyouri ni modoru to, isamasii enzetsu wo buchiage ta. Kare ha iku sakizaki de atama kara nieyu wo buk kake rareta
Appendix 2 - 22
(=kibisii hihan ni sarasareta). * * * * Rengougun ha, Iraku no shuto ni takusan no misailu ( missile) wo
buchikonda.
Juudan ha taichou no atama wo buchinuite ita. Kare ha, sihou kara no hihan ni sukkari buc hi nom esareta . Kare ha, tamatte ita human wo ikki ni buc himake ta
(Huki- - ) * "Dou da, ii kabin darou. Pari no nomi no ichi de katte kita nda." "Konna kaketa kabin ga 1000 dolu da nan te, umaku hukkake
hukikake rareta mon da na."

* * Gussuri nete, ichiya akeru to, kanojo no kokoro no wadakamari mo,
huk kireta.
Genjitsu wo mae ni site, risou mo nani mo hut tonde simatta.
Appendix 2 - 23
VIII.
DOU SI NO SET SUB IGOT EKI YOUHO U II (Huku gou do u si no ki no u - t su dz uki)
Ika ni ageru dousi ha, hoka musubarete, hukugoudousi to moto no imi wo sono mama hukugoudousi ga kono taipu ni (-au - ) * * * * *
no dousi ya arushu no meisi, keiyousi to naru. Kono sai, setsubigo ni natta dousi ha, nokosite iru. Apendix 4 ni ageta ooku no naru.
Karera ha tagai ni homeat ta. Shousha to haisha ha, tagai no kentou wo tataeat ta. Tagai no hukou wo nagusamea u . Itsu mademo aite no hara wo saguriat te mo irare nai. Horeat ta hutarida, kenka sitemo, sugu nakanaori suru.
(-a ga ru - ) * Samusa de zensin chijimia gatta. * Tamatama kateta nda. Amari nobosea gar u na yo. * Sono otoko no kenmaku ni, Yaeko ha huruea gatta . (-os a mer u - ) [Kono baai ha omoni meisi no katachi de tsukawareru.] * Kore de kotosi ha ut ai os am e you. * Sore ga Kazue tono miosame ()datta.n.: miosameru * Reinen doori Kasugajinja deno hounoumai de kotoshi wo maiosam e masu. (-kaes u - ) * Ichi'ichi iikae sa nai de, sukosi ha hito no yuu koto wo kiki nasai. * Yarare tara, yarikae su , ryousha no aida niha, kenka ga tae nakatta. * Konnan wo hanek aesi te, saiki sita. * Ressei wo makikae si te, kousei ni tenjita. * Nanben onaji machigae wo kurikae si tara, naoru nda ne.
Appendix 2 - 24
(-kaer u - ) * Kono shorui, hubi ga aru. Kakika e te kudasai. * Anata, akachan no omutsu wo sikae tez( ) kudasai na. * Ayamari wo teisei sita seikyuusho wo ookuri simasu. Sakini ookuri sita mono to sasika e te kudasai. * Ie no naka ha, sizumarik aet te ita. * Akirekaet ta yatsuda na, omae ha! Mata sikujitta no kai. * Kemuri ni musekae ru . * Subete wo usinatte, kanojo ha sukkari shogekaet te ita.
(-kaka ru - ) * Tani ni tenraku site, sunde no tokoro de sinikakat ta . * Sakura no tonneru wo tooru to, hanabira ga harahara to kata ni ochikak at te kita. * Nekakat ta tokoro he, denwa ga kakatte kite, ato ha nakanaka net suk e nakatta. * Kanja ha, sorosoro masui kara samekak aru koro desu. * Soudaishou no Yoshimoto no kubi wo hane rarete, soukuzure ni natta Imagawa gun ni Odakata ha ikki kasei ni semekakat ta .
(-kaker u - ) * Kanojo ha iikak ete, kuchi wo tsugunda. * Yoru mo hukete, takibi no hi mo kiek ake te ita. * Hutari no koi mo samek ake te iru. * Sono sao ha, sumi ni tatekake t e oite kudasai. * Kanojo ha Kyouta no koto ha hotondo wasurekake te ita.
Appendix 2 - 25
(-ka wa su - ) * Hutari ha osanai koro kara, iika wasi ta naka Shourai meoto ni naru koto wo yakusoku siatta aidagara;/oyadoushi ga kimeta iinadzuke no nakadatta. * Sitasii tomo to sake wo k umik a wa su (). * Kyou, keiyaku wo torik a wa su (). * Hutari ha, me to me de mika wasi te, douji ni tachiagatta.
(-kiru - ) * * * * * Kare ha, dare ni taisite mo, hakkiri to mono wo iikiru otoko da. Basu wo karikit te, onsen ni dekake ta. Sokou no warui musume ni, oya ha komarikit te ita. Kare ha shakkin no hensai no medo ga tatazu ni yowarikit ta . Kono tetsugakusho ha nankai de, saigo made yomikiru noha mutsukasii.
(-kom u - ) * "Kono inu ha yoku osiekon de aru ne." "Moudouken desu kara ne." * Zoku ga agarikon de(), kazoku wo sibariageta. * Yosio no ranbaou na kotoba ni, kanojo ha sukkari kangaekon de simatta. * "Sonna ni ippai mono wo kaikon de dousruru ndai." "Yama ni , kyanpu ni iku nda yo." * Kanojo ha otto ga uwaki nado si nai to, sinjikon de ita. * Ima, chotto torik on de masu node, mata ato ni site kudasai. * Otto no uragiri wo sitte, kanojo ha husagikonda . * Kono otoko no ude ni horekon da. Ii shokunin ni naru yo. * Oh, kutsu wo pikkapika ni migakikon de , deeto kai. * Kouun wo atek on de, takarakuji uriba ni nagaigyoureru ga dekite ita. * Onna ga mochik on de kita takusan no nimotsu de Tatsuo no heya kanzenni senryou sarete simatta.
(-sa ru - )
Appendix 2 - 26
* Sugisat ta koto ha, kuyande mo sikata ga nai. * Kanojo ha goolu sunzen de nukisat te, katta. * Kanojo ha, sono otoko no koto ha sukkari wasuresa t te ita.
(-siku - ) * Kouen no naka ha, koganeiro no ichou no ha ga chirisii te ita. * Yuki no hurisiku tera no keidai niha, hitokage ga nakatta.
(-su gi r u - ) * * * * Watasi ga iisugi ta. Gomen yo. Undou ha sisugi te mo, kaette yoku nai. Sigen ha, torisugi nai you ni hairyo si nakere ba ike nai. Sore ha, kimi, yarisugi ta na. Kaette, gyakukouka ni naru.
(-su gos u - ) * Aa, sono misu ha misugosi te ita na. * Nesugosi te, gakkou ni okureta. * Inemuri wo site, densha wo norisugosi te simata. * Kono densha ha konde iru. Ichidai yarisugoso u.
(-su s um u - ) * Genjimonogatari no dai 24 jou made yomisusun da.
(-sut er u - ) * Kono chuushaki ha tsukaisute te kudasai. * "Guretsu na!" to, kare ha, hakisut eru you ni itte, deteitta. * Kono bunkobon ha dondon yomisute te kekkou desu.
Appendix 2 - 27
(-su m as u - ) * Ano otoko ha, anna huu ni okonaisum asi te ha iru ga, ura de nani yatteru ka wakara nai otoko da yo. * Otoko ha, mimi wo kikisuma si te, senaka de kochira no yousu wo ukagatte ita. * Ookami ha, ha wo togisum asi te, Akadzukinchan wo matte ita nda yo. * Sono otoko ha, kodomo no toki ni wakarewakre ni natte ita Sachiko no otouto ni na risuma si te, kanojo no mae ni arawareta. * Kanojo ha sentou no rannaa(=runner) no tsukare wo misuma si te supaato ( lastspart) wo kaketa.
(-sok o na u - ) * Kin'youbi ni ginkou ni ikisokonat te, shuumatsu ha gelupin da. * Umi de oyoide ite ne, asi ga tsucchatte, sunde no tokoro de
oboresok onat ta yo.

* A, aitsu nanji ni kaettekuru noka kikisokonat ta. * Yamade hikouki ga ochite, sunde no tokoro de sinisok onat ta . Kowai ne. * Aitsu ga anna yatsu datta tohaMisok onat ta na. * Jinsei ha, yarisok onat te mo, yarinaosi ga kika nai yo.
(-so nji ru - ) * Watasareta nimotsu wo ukesonji te otosi, nakano setomono ga mechamecha ni kowareta. * Sakka ha, kakisonji ta kami no yama ni umatte, kurou si nagara bun wo kaite ita. * Aa, mata omae ha sisonji ta noka. Mou daigaku ha akiramero.
Appendix 2 - 28
(-tater u - ) * Sono seijika ha, masukomi ni sukyandalu wo kakita te rarete , sikkyaku sita. * Ano otoko, mimi wo sobad ate te kochira no hanasi wo kiiteru , you da na. * Kare ha, toritate te yuu hodo no nouryoku mo nakatta. * Kanojo ha, minna ni hayasitate rarete , kubisuji made makkani natte, utsumuita. * Otoko ha, hagesii kuchou de makusit ate te, kare wo najitta.
(-chi gaer u - ) * Nani, kasita kane wo kaesite morae nai. 1000 man'en mo ka. Yosi, soitsu toha, sasichi gae te demo, torikaesite kite yaru. * Aitsu, nan daka, kochira no hanasi no imi wo toric hi ga e teru mitai da na. * Watasi no kaita koto no sin'i wo yomic hi gae te moratte ha, komari masu ne.
(-chi gau - ) * Ikichi gat ta noka, ikura matte mo aite ha yakusoku no basho ni araware nakatta. * Bangou wo kikic hi gat ta no ka, ikura kakenaosi temo, denwa ga tsuuji nai. * Kono hanasi ha, kanjinna tokoro ga kuic hi gat teru na.
(-chi ra s u - ) * Nan da, kore ha. Neko ga kuic hirasi teru zo.
Appendix 2 - 29
* Kare ha, haradachimagire ni sokorajuu kechi rasi te, deteitta. * Tsuma ha, kanshaku wo okosite, aru mono teatari sidai ni nagechi rasi ta . * Burazilu deha, oomisoka ni, hurukunatta shorui wo mado kara dooro ni
makichirasu shuukan ga aru.

* Are kore yomic hi ra si te, saigo made hon wo yomiowaru koto ga nai nda, aitsu ha.
(-tsuk us u - ) * Kono mijikai bun de subete wo iitsukusi te iru. * Takuwae no shokuryou ha, zenbu kuitsuk usi ta. * Sake ha mou nomitsuk usi ta. Ato ha nai zo. * Yaru beki koto ha, zenbu yarit suk usi ta Ato ha un wo ten . ni makaseru dake da.
(-tsuke r u - ) * Mata ano otoko kagitsuke te, yattekita. Jakkalu mitai na yatsu da na, mattaku. * Uwasa wo kikitsuke te, minna atsumatte kita. * A, goendama mitsuk e ta. * Koko no susoguchi notokoro ha sikkari to shit uke te oka nai to, atode zenntai ga katakuzure surunda yo. * Naganen yaritsuk e te kita sagyou dakara saiku mo ita ni tsuiteru naa.
(-too su - ) * Kyou made 2000 kilo wo arukitoosi ta. * 42.195 kilo wo hasiritoosu dake demo, taihen na koto da.
Appendix 2 - 30
* Aite no dekata ha, senkoku mitoosi te ita. * Hajimeta koto ha, saigo made yaritoosa nakere ba dame da yo.
(-na o su - ) * Kono shorui, kakina osi te kudasai. * Onaji koto wo nando mo kikina osu na yo. Tsukareru yo. * Kyou ha tsugou ga warui. Dena osi te, mata kite kure nai ka. * Koko ha kore de kiriagete, betsu no mise de nominaoso u. * Kono keikaku ha mina osi te hosii. * Kutsu no himo ga hodoketeru yo.. Musubinaosi nasai. * Yarinaosi takute mo, jinsei ha yarinaosi ga kika nai. * Kono chousahoukoku ha deetaa ga zusan dakara, sinpyousei ga usui. Mou ichido
sirabena osu hitsuyou ga aru.
(-na ra was u - ) * Koko ha Suma to iina ra wasi te kita. * Kare wo Akahige to yobinara wa si te, minna ga sitatta.
(-n uku - ) * Hajimete no shutsujou de, kesshousen made kachi nui te kita. * Konda ressha no naka de kodomo ni nakarete, hotohoto komarinui ta
.
* Hajimeta koto ha, saigo made yarinuke . * Youten dake wo kaki nui te ( )rejume ni matomete kure nai ka na.
Appendix 2 - 31
(-no gas u - ) * Aa, aitsu no juusho wo kikinogasi ta na. * Tsurinogasi ta sakana ha ookii. (Kakugen) * Ano eiga, mitai to omotteta noni, toutou minoga si ta
.
"Honno dekigokoro da. Minoga si te kure." to, otoko ha kongan sita.
(-ha n as u - ) * Uepp ana s ite aru kara, zassou ga ippai oisigetteru ja nai ka. Kono uma ha, zutto kachippa na si te iru.
(-ma was u - ) * Umaku uchim a wa si te, meijin ga katta. * Posutaa(=poster) ga sokorajuu ni harim a wa si te aru ga, mata senkyo kai. * Nani ka to yuu to, wanryoku wo hurima wasu nda, aitsura ha.
(-ma war u - ) * Sekaijuu wo arukima wat terun datte sa, ano hito. * Hen da na, ano hito, sakki kara uchi no mawari wo urotsukim a wat teru
you da ne.
* Hannin no tachima wat ta saki wo oe. * Sonna taikin wo mochim a wat te, torare tara, dou surun dai.
Appendix 2 - 32
(-mo r as u - ) * Iimora sita node, hito koto, tsukekuwae tai. * Ano sensei no kouen, daijina tokoro wo kikim orasi ta na.
Appendix 2 - 33
XI DOU SI NO MEIRE IKE I NO IROIRO Nihonjin ha chokusetsuteki ni kippari to sita iikata wo sake you to suru. Sono tame, toku ni hanasi kotoba deha, sitasii mono dousi no taiwa wo nozoite, meireikei ha sono mama no katachi deha tsukaware nai. Kono ten, gaikokujin no gakushuusha ha, juubun chuui suru hitsuyou ga aru. Tatoe ba, "kocchi he koi" toha iwa nai de, kanarazu, "kocchi he ki te ku da sai " "kochira he o ide ku da sai " "kocchi he ki te it ad ake ma su ka nado to yuu mono, to omotta hou ga yoi. Gaikokujin ha,chokusetsutekina meirei kei wo rikai deki temo, tsukau koto ha kangae nai you, hissha ha susumeru. Ika, nihongo no meirikei no hyougen no tenkei wo ikutsuka simesu. Chokusetsuteki na hyougen to, irai ya sasoikake no gimonkei deno teinei na hyrougen wo kurabete, sono youhou ni narete morai tai. 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Iroi r on a m eir ei no k atac hi Dousite mo k oi , to yuu kara, ki tara, nanda sonna hanasi ka. Kur u na , to yuu node, ika nakatta. Kur u y ou ni , to iware masita node, mairi masita. Ko na i yo u ni , to osshai maita node, mairi masen desita. "Hair u n a " to iwarere ba, hairu wake ni ika nai na. Nan ga nan demo ike to iwarere ba, iki masu yo. Sikasi, iku dake muda da to omoi masu. Dou site mo k ur u n a , to yuu nda ne. Sugu watasi no heya ni kite k ud as ai . Sibaraku uchi niha k o nai de k ud as ai . Nokku(=nock) huyou. Gojiyuu ni oh ai ri ku da sa i. Sibaraku heya ni hai r a n ai d e ku da sai . Sonna hanasi, kiki taku monai. Ya me r o. Mou sonna gu ni mo tsuka nai hanasi ha y am e te kud as ai . Mada ya me n ai d e ku da sai /. Itsu made mo y am er u na , toha iwanai. Ima ha, y a me na i de ku re . Tom e n ai d e k ud asai . Watasi no jiyuu ni s as ete kud as ai . Tom er u na. Watasi no sitai you ni sasete kure . Sikata ga nai. Yari tai you ni sa se ro .
Appendix 2 - 34
* * *
Go me n kudasai, kono mikan 1 kilo ku da sai . Oi, teishu Kono tai wo ippiki k ur e . Uchi no mono ga sitsurei na koto wo mousiageta sou de taihen mousiwake arimasen. * Douka oyurusi ku da sa i. Iyaa, ore ga warukatta, y ur us e . Mou y am ete . Sonna hanasi kiki taku mo nai. Ya me r o (yo) , sonna bakana koto suru noha. Sou ka, omae mo kuru ka. Jaa, hayaku oid e. Kocchi he ko na i de . Ko rareru to ki ga chiru kara Haru yo k oi , hayaku ko i (Uta no kasi) Hora, gor an .Yuu koto wo kika nai kara, kega wo suru nda yo. Hora, mi ro , da kara iwa nai kocchaa nai. Hora, iwa nai kocchaa nai. Mi ru na , to itta rou. Kimi, sikyuu Sapporo ni tond e ku re nai k a. Oi, Yamada, Sapporo shisha de jiko da. Shikyuu Sapporo ni tobe . Kimi, 4-ji made ni kono shorui wo tsukutte k ure n ai ka . Ya mete to ittara, y am ete . Sonna hanasi ha kiki taku mo nai. Ya mro to ittara, ya me ro. Sonna hitoni meiwaku ni naru youna koto ha suruna . Oid e to ittara, oid e Nani mo kowagaru koto ha nai . darou. Koi to ittara koi yo. Acchi he itte . Koko ni irareru to jama nanda yo. Soko d oite . Torakku(=truck) ga tooru kara, abunai yo. Oi, gakidomo, soko d oite ro . Danpu(=dumpcar) ga tooru. Jama da. Chotto kocchi he kite . Mite .. Nan darou are. "Ano ne, kyou ne, gakkou de ne , chotto kiite." "Kiiteru yo. Hayaku youten wo ii nasai. Touhou no teian wo tekkai se yo tono koto desu ga, sore ha deki ,
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* *
Appendix 2 - 35
* *
masen. Tekkai siro , to itte mo, sitagau mai. Ano kaisha no sonritsu ni kakawaru darou kara na. Woryaa. Iika, yarou domo, ie no mawari wo yoku mi hatte ro . Neko no ko ippiki to o su nja a n ee zo . Sonna koto ha i wa nai de . Kanojo no hou bakkari mi nai de . Chitto ha watashi no hou wo mite . Heya wo chirakasippanasi ni si na i de . Kono shorui ha dare nimo miseru na . Kono shorui ha dare nimo mise nai you ni . Matte. Mada ika na i de. Hanasi ha tochuu de ya me na i de . Yomichi ha abunai. Hitori de ik u n a.Takesi wo tsurete ike .
* * * * * * *
Josi " na " wo t suk atta mei rei no k ata chi
[Kins im eir ei] * * * * * * * * * * * Watasi wo n a me ru na. (=baka ni suru na) Oya ni mukatte sonna kuchi wo kiku na . Sonna baka na koto wo y u u n a . Itsu made mo guz u guz u s ur u na Hayaku ik e . . Penki nuritate. S a wa ru n a. Penki nuritate da zo. Benchi ni s u war u n a . Siz uka ni . Rouka ha k aker u na . Abunai. Doa ni y orik aka ru n a. Sonna wagamama ii na sa nna . Amari takanozomi wo si nasanna . Akirame nasanna . Ganbare ba michi ha hirakeru.
[Oday aka na mei rei] * * * Takesi, kocchi he ki na . ki nasai Saa, hayaku iki na . iki nasai Kore wo m ina Mi na sai Kore, omae no siwaza . darou.
Appendix 2 - 36
Saa, hara ippai ta bena . tabe nasa i
Sukosi hurumekasii hyougen. (Kono meirei no hyougen ha, Oosaka wo chuusinto sita, Kansaichihou deha ima nao ippanteki ni tsukawarete ite, omoni otoko ga tsukau hyougen.) Sonna koto ha ya mei . ("yamee" to hatsuon suru) Sore wo sei . ("see" to hatsuonsuru) Kore se e are see to itsu mo hitodukai ga arainda kara, , ano oyaji. Sukina dake kuei . ("kuee" to hatsuon suru) Sokono kanna wo t orei. ( totte watase) ("toree" to hatsuon suru)
* * * * *
Appendix 2 - 37
X K ATE I, JOUKE N WO AR A W ASU DOU SI NO YOUHOU 1. Tanj u n n a jo uke n , ]
[~ to * * *
Sinkansen no "Nozomi" de ik u to , Ousaka niha 2 jikan gojuppun de tsuku. Kimi ga kurai kao wo site ir u t o kazoku minna ga kurai kimochi , ni naru. Tonnelu wo n uker u to , soko niha ichimen yukigesiki ga hirogatte ita.
[~ tar a * * * * *
, ]
Toukyou ni d ete ki ta ra , zehi uchi nimo yotte hosii na. Natsuyasumi ni n atta ra , mou ichido Kyouto ni iki tai. Haru ni natt ar a , ichido tazunete ikimasu. Hideo ni atta ra , tama niha asobi ni koi, to tsutaete kure. Sonna ni ke n asit ar a , kanojo no tachiba ga nai ja nai ka. , ]
[~ na ra *
Kono chousi de hukyou to endaka ga ts u dz uku na ra , seizougyou no ukeru dageki ha ookiku, tousan suru kigyou mo hueru darou.
* * * *
Majimeni h ata rak u n a ra , sore nari no shoukyuu mo kitai dekiru. Yama ni no bor u na ra ruuto to yoteihyou wo teishutsu site , itte kudasai. Nak an u n ar a , korosite simae hototogisu (Nobunaga). (jodousi no yourei) Koko de "x" ga seisuu wo t or u na ra , "y" ha "0" mataha sei no seisuu ni naru.
Appendix 2 - 38
Sonna ni i u na ra hakkri sita konkyo wo simesite kure nai ka. , , ]
[~ ba * * * * * *
Kono michi wo hidari ni yuk e ba , Kougen-rojji no waki ni de masu. Kimi ga nake ba , minna mo kanasiku naru. Watasi ga kujike re ba kazoku ga rotou ni mayou to omotte, , ganbatte iru. "Tabi yuk e ba a~ ~, Suruga no kuni ni cha no kaori ", to utawarete iru youni, kono atari ha ocha no sanchi to site yuumei da. "Huyu kit ari na ba , haru tookaraji": samusa mo ittoki no sinbou sa. (jodousi no yurei) Sore dake i e ba , hara no naka mo sukkiri sita rou.
2. Jijitsu ni ha n su ru j o uke n, katei [~ tar a * * * * , ]
Janbo-takarakuji ga atatt ar a , inaka ni goutei wo tate tai na. Boku ga sin da r a , kazoku ga komaru darou na. Kanojo to shougai isshoni s ugo seta ra , donnani siawase darou ka. (jodusi no yourei) Watasi ni hane ga attar a ima sugu ni demo, kimi no tokoro ni , tonde ikeru noni .
[~ na ra * * *
, ]
Sini tai no ka. Si nu n ar a , sore mo yokarou. Hane ga a ru n ar a , ima sugu ni demo kimi no tokoro he tonde ikeru mono wo Umarekawaru koto ga deki ru na r a , kondo ha kenkou na
Appendix 2 - 39
karadade umaretai na. * Watasi ga kimi ni k a wa re ru n ar a , kimi no kurusimi wo kawatte agetai. (jodusi no yourei) [~ ba * * * * , ]
Wakai toki motto benkyou s ite i re ba ( ), ima goro konna kurou ha sezu tomo yokatta rou. Zaisan ga a re ba , kane de konna kurou ha si nai yo. Kono takarakuji ga ata re bab , shakkin ha mimi wo soroete kaesi te yaru sa. Watasi ga daitouryou ni na re ba , kokumin ha hitorinokorazu siawase ni nari masu.
Appendix 2 - 40
XI G YAKU SET SU n o hy ou ge n de no do us i, j od ou si no yo u ho u 1. Jijitsu ni sok us ita gyak u sets u no hy ou ge n
(Ge nz ai) * * * * * * Honnin ga ki wo yoku site i ru n on i , kechi wo tsukeru koto ha nai deshou. Kimi wo doraibu ni sasoou to o motte i ru n on i kimi ha , boku wo musi suru. Sonna ki m o n ai no ni , muri sichatte. Okane ga n ai no ni , yoku sonna takai mono wo kaeru ne. Okane ha n ai ked o , kanojo no tame nara, donna muri mo suru. Honto ha totemo erai hito na n on i , ano hito ha, sukosimo erabura nai. (Kako) * * * * * * Sekkaku isshoukenmei tsuk utta n o ni , dare nimo mitomete morae nai. Kimi wo doraibu ni sasoou to o motta n oni , boku wo musi suru nante, hidoi yo. Sonna kimo n akatta k ed o , ogiride sasotte mita dake deshou. Okaen mo nak atta n o ni , dousite sonna takai mono wo kaeta no. Okane ha n akatt a ked o , kimi no koto wo omotte, muri sichatta. Tsui nijikan mae made genki ni hat ar aite it a n o ni , anna wakasa de, totsuzensi suru nante , wakara nai naa, hito no inochi nante.
Appendix 2 - 41
2.
Jijitsu ni nai k atei ni mot od zuk u gyak u sets u no hy ou gen
(Ge nz ai) * * * * * * "Tatoe tookuni hanarete ite mo , kokoro ha kimi no moto ni aru," toka nantoka icchatte Tatoe sindo 7 ijou no oodzisin n i n attem o , kono bilu ha taore nai. "Kimi, kono hon ha yonda ka ne." "Haa. Demo, yo n de mo ( ), sappari wakarimasen deshita." Karera ha, shoushou bunpoutekina machigai ga att em o , kini sinai de, hanasi wo tsuujisaseru. Kari ni kouka na mono wo m or atte mo kanojo no kokoro ha , kawara nai yo. Tatoe sinu koto ga a ro u t om o kazoku niha, kessite , hujiyuu ha sase nai. (Kako) * * * * * * Kare ga ooganemochi datta to sit em o , kanojo ha kare niha nabika nakattarou. Kimi ga sinde wabita to site mo, daremo yorokobanakatta sa. Donna ni tenkou ga warui hi de mo , kare ha yasumu koto ga nakatta. Kimi ga kaisha wo yameta to s item o kaisha ha komara nai , yo. Yume ga yabureta to site m o , zenryoku wo dasete, kare ha manzoku datta. Tatoe koritsu sita to site mo , kare no sinnen ha magerare nakattarou.
Appendix 2 - 42
XII O NBIN
(Dou si no go bi n o oto no he nka n o sik ata)
Ippan ni hanasi kotoba deha, ato ni tsudzuku go no atama no onsetsu no eikyou wo ukete, saki no go no saigo no onsetsu no oto ga kawaru genshou wo, O n bi n to itte iru. Hanasikotoba de bunshou ga kakareru kagiri, kakikotoba demo, henka sita toori ni kakiarawa sareru. Mata, saki no onsetsu no henka no eikyou de, ato no go no onsetsu ga sarani kawru baai ga aru. Dousi no baai deha, onbin wo hikiokosu go ha "Kategorii 1" ni zokusuru dousi no ichibu ni kagirareru. 1 On bi n wo hiki oko s u jo si, j od ou si Dousi no gokei ni onbin wo hikiokosu go ha, ika no josi, jodousi ni kagirareru.
i) ii)
Josi: Jod ou si:
te; t ar i ; ta ra ta
2 On bi n n o kat ac hi a) [ I-o n bi n-]
Genkei de [-ku- ], [- gu-] no gobi wo motsu dousi ha, jouki no go ni tsudzuku baai, gobi ga [i: ] ni kawaru.
[Oto n o utsu rikawa ri n o keiro ]

(Josi "te" ni tsui te rei wo simesu. "Tari", "tara" ha, "te" no baai to onaji. Mata jodousi "ta" ha moto ha "tari" datta no de, josi "tari" ni junji te oto no henka wo suru.)
Kiku Nugu Ki-ki te- Nu-gi te- Ki-i te- Kiite Nuide
Nu-i te-
Appendix 2 - 43
b) [U-o n bin - Gendai nihongo deha cno soku-onbin ni naru. U-onbin ha omoni kansai chihou de goku shousuu no kotoba de tsukaware te iru. Kono baai, doushi no gokan no onsetsu mo henka suru noga tokuchou de aru. [Oto no uts ur ika wari n o keir o ]
Au Kau() A-i te- O-u-te- Yu-u-te- Ko-u-te- Oute Yuute Koute Chigoute Negoute Toute
Iu/Yuu Chiga u Negau Tou()
Yu-hi te Ka-hi te Chiga-hi te Nega-hi te To-hi te
Chigo-u-te- Nego-u-te- To-u-te-
[Ch u u]
Kono onbin ha keiyoushi nado demo okoru koto ga aru.
Rei Kamigamishii Ko ugo ushii

Kagu ha shii Arigata sh i ( ) Kou bashii Arigata ku Arigato u
c)
[Sok u- on bi n]
Genkei de [-ts u(-)], [ -r u- ] , [-u- ] no gobi wo motsu dousi ha, jouki no go ni tsudzuku baai, gobi ga [t-] (hiragana deha chiisana <-tsu-> wo kaku to, oto ga hajikeru.
[Oto no uts ur ika wari n o keir o ]

Au Aru Uru A-i te- A-ri te- U-ri te- A-tte- A-t te- U-t te- Atte Atte Utte
d)
[Hats u-o n bi n]
Genkei de [ -n u], [- m u], [- bu] no gobi wo motsu dousi ha, gobi ga nomiikomare te, hanboin [ n ] ni kawaru.
Appendix 2 - 44
[Oto no uts ur ika wari n o keir o ]

Amu() Kamu() Sinu() Tobu() Yamu() A-mi te() Ka-mi te() Si-ni te() To-bi te() Ya-mi te()
(Ika te ni tsunagaru rei wo ageru.)

A-n de() Ande() Kande() Sinde() Tonde() Yande()
(A-n te) (Ka-n te) (Si-n te) (To-n te) (Ya-n te)
Ka-n de( ) Si-n de( ) To-n de( ) Ya-n de( )
3 On bi n ga okir u d o usi n o kata chi [Ika "R" ha dousi no gokan." [ "R" -U ] Rei: Au ; Iu Yo u( )
[te] * * * * * Kyou 5-ji ni Ginza de at te kudasai. Sonna bakana koto, at te() tamaru ka. Watasi ha ato kara iu node, saki ni it te . Watasi no yarikatani igi ga aru nara, socchoku ni it te kure. Kinou ha, zengo-hukaku ni naru hodo yot te si mat ta .
[tari ] * * * * Watasi nara, yonaka ni sonna tokoro de hitori de hito ni at ta ri si nai yo. "De, Nao niha au no kai." "Anoko ni At ta ri () sure ba mendou deshou." Watasi ha sonna koto wo it ta ri si masen. Anna wake no wakara nai renchuu to kossori at t ari site, nani wo siterunda, aitsu.
Appendix 2 - 45
[tara ] * * * * Kondo Mitsuko ni at tar a, tama niha uchi nimo yoru you ni i t te . Ano hon mada hon'ya ni at tar a ii kedo na. Sonna koto aitsu ni it t ar a, okoridasu zo Yot t ar a saigo, yoitsubureru made noma kya ki ga suma nai nda kara. [ta] * * * * "Kyou Sachi ni at ta () no." "Uun, awa nakatta yo." Ryou, at ta () zo, kimi no sagasiteta hon. Mata, " it ta", "iwa nai" de momeru ni kimatteru iru nda yo, aitsu toha Yott a, y otta , sake nakute nanno onore ga sakura kana.
[ "R" -KU ] [Rei: H ir aku ; Ik u ; K aku ; Sak u ]
[te] * * * * * * * * * * Doa(=door) ga ai te(), naka kara siroi doresu(=dress) no wakai onna ga dete kita. "Jaa, it te kuru yo." "It te rasshai." "Mou repooto(=report) wo kaita ka." "Ima, k ai te iru tokoro da yo." Jikan wo sai te kaigi no rejime (= rejume) wo kait e kure , nai ka. Kono mondai wo t oi te () kudasa. "Dou sita nda, kimitachi. Kanojo nai t e ita zo." "Ano akai minisukaato(=miniskirt) wo hai te iru ko ga Saki da yo." Kono sigoto ha watasi niha mui te inai. Sakana wo y ai te , misosiru wo tsukure ba, shokuji no youi ha dekiru. Onsen ga wai t e(), mura ha niwaka ni kakkidzuita.
[tari ]
Appendix 2 - 46
* * * * * * * * *
Kono tobira ha, kantan ni ai t ari si nai. Watsi ha sonna koto it tar i si nai. Tegami wo ka i tar i(), e wo k ai ta ri awatadasii ichinichi , ga sugita. Kono atari deha mahuyu ni sakura ga sai ta ri suru koto ha madzu nai yo. Otoko no ko ha, konna koto gurai de, nai ta ri si nai no da yo. Sakki kara pantsu wo hai t ari , nui dari site, nani siten da. Hatake wo tagayasi tari, tane wo mai t ari , ima jaa nouson no seikatsu ni tokekonde iru yo. "Niku wo y ai tar i, yasai wo nitari, kazoku ga ooii to shuhu ha isogasii. Konna tokoro ni onsenga wai t ari ( )ha si nai yo.
[tara ] * * * * * * * * * Soko no seki ga ai t ar a, suwari nasai. Dete it ta ra saigo, nakanaka kaette ki ya si nai. Teppoudama mitai na yatsu da yo, aitsu ha. Kono tegami wo kai ta ra , sumanai kedo, sokutatsu de okutte kure nai ka. Sakura no hana ga sa i tara , shougakkou no nyuugakusiki no koto wo omoidasu. Hitomae de nai ta ra haji da, to omotte, hissi ni koraeta. Kono sukaato wo hai ta ra . Haru ni tane wo m ai ta ra , aki niha shuukaku da. Sakana wo y ai ta ra , kondo ha niku wo yai te kudasai. Onsen ga wai t ar a, mura ha uruou darou to omotta.
[ta] * * * * * * * A, soko no seki ga ai ta (). Suwari nasai. "Kyou, daigaku ni it t aa ." "Jitsu ha, sabotta nda." Kii taa , Hideko, shousetsu wo k ai ta ndatte. Gohan mou tai t a n o ka . Akanbou ga nai ta . Osime ga nureteru ndarou. Mou heya wo hai t a no ka. JIbun de m ai ta tane da, jibun de karitora nakyaa ike nai.
Appendix 2 - 47
* *
Niku ha yai t a ka. Nani, ano mura ni onsen ga wai ta [ "R" -TSU ]
te k a.
[Rei: Tats u ; Utsu Kats u( )] [te] * * * * * * Kono kataki ha kanarazu ut te yaru, to kare ha sutezerihu wo nokosite satta. Kat te(), kabuto no o wo simero. (Kotowaza) Asa toukyou wo tat te, yuugata made niha tsuku yo. Ressha ga k o nde ite, Toukyou made, t at te kita. Kore wo m ot te, koko de sibaraku mat te ite kudasai. Sake mo tabako mo tat te () shoujin suru nante itte, mikka to tsudzuita tameshi ga nai jaa naika.
[tari ] * * * * * Teki ha kikanjuu ya taihou wo ut ta ri site, kougeki wo sikakete kita. Aitsu toha, itsumo k at tari( ), make tari no, ii shoubu da. Kare ha, matsu aida juu, tat ta ri suwattari site, ochitsuka nai , yousu datta. Konna omoi nimotsu wo mot ta ri site Ie ba tetsudau noni. Watasi wo m at ta ri si nai de, saki ni itte choudai.
[tara ] * * * * Wara wo ut ta ra , nawa wo nau. Kondo no siai ni kat t ar a(), omae no nozomu mono wo katte yaru yo. Asa tat t ar a toujitsu no yuugata niha Mosukuwa(=Moskva) ni , tsuku yo. Kimi ha kono karui hou no nimotsu wo m ot tar a .
Appendix 2 - 48
Hitori de sassa to ika nai de, 5 hun kurai, m at ta ra ii ja nai ka.
[ta] * * * * * Kare no ut ta raihulu no tama ha, hyappatsu hyakuchu, noomisu (=no mistake) de, mato wo uchinuita. Kusen no sue, yatto ka tta (). "Yasuo ha mou tat ta ka." "Ee, kinou no 11-ji no hikouki de tachi masita yo." "Mat ta." "Un, 20-pun gurai ka na." Nimotsu ha zenbu m ot ta ka. [ "R" -NU ] [Rei: Sin u ; Inu ]
[te/ de ] (te ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * * * "Hito ga taoreteru zo." "Si n de no ka." " Sin de mitai ru ru da na." "Kinou ha dou sita." "Batete ichinichijuu sinde yo( sinda you ta ni nete ita). Sini te hanami ga naru mono ka. Otoko no ini t e haya mitose, hitoori no tayori tote tae tari.
[tari / d ari ] (tari ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * Chotto ya sotto de hito ha si n d ari sinai yo. Otoko, tabi no tojou ni si nita re ba , otosata mo nakariki.
[tara /d ar a ] (tara ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * Watasi ga si n d ar a , osanai kodomotachi ha dou naru. Otoko i ni ta ra ( ), hutatabi mamieru koto nakaru besi. tozo, onna omoiitari.
Appendix 2 - 49
[da ] (kotengo deha ta ri ga tsukawareru) * * Yachiyo no otto ha huyu no yama de sin da . Yama nite si ni t ari (). [ "R" -MU ] [Rei: A mu( ) Um u( ) Ya mu ; T o mu ; Kam u ]
[te/ de ] (te ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Dare no seetaa wo anderu no. Kodomo wo un d e kara, kanojo ha tsuyoku natta. Kizuguchi ga un de , shujutsu wo suru koto ni natta. Yoku ka n d e tabe nasai. Aitsu to kun d e, sigoto wo sitaku nai. Densha ha itsumo doori kon d e ita. Isshuukan no sigoto ga sun de machi ha kaihoukan ni hitaru hito , de umatte ita. Danboolu no hako ha 5-dan ni tsun de kudasai. Kono kuni ha tenen-sigen ni t onde iru. Ki no atta dousi, kou yatte non d e iru toki ga ichiban tanosii na. Uma ga kaiba wo han de iru. Sumimasen ga, watasi no asi wo hun de() imasu yo." "Kaasan, kata wo m on de age you." Ame ga y an de , kyuu ni musiatsuku natte kita. Kono bunshou wo yon de , tsugi no toi ni kotae nasai. Shougun ha matsurigoto ni un de (), iro no michi ni nome rik on de itta.
[tari / da ri ] (tari ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * * * Joo ga seetaa wo an da ri suru toha omowa nakatta na. Sonna otoko no ko wo u nd ari sure ba, kurou suru noha omae dayo. Kizuguchi ga u n da ri sitara taihen da. Hayaku isha ni iki nasai. Hutari ha, yubi wo k an da ri , karada wo m on da ri() site huzakeatta.
Appendix 2 - 50
* * * * * * * * * *
Aitsu to ku nd ari si tara, sigoto ga umaku ikanaku naru. Kono sigoto ha sonna ni hayaku sun d a ri ha sinai yo. Kowaremono dakara, kono hako no ue ni mono wo tsun d ari sinaide kudasai. Kare no ie ga ton d ar i suru koto ha naka rou. Kodomo ga wain nado non d ari site ha ike masen. Sabanna no tooku de inpaara ya kirin ga kusa ya kino ha wo ha n da ri atari wo mimawasitari site iru noga mieta. Kyou ha, hun d ar i kettari warui koto dzukume no sannzan nahi datta. Enshou wo okosite imasu kara, koko ha mon d a ri ( ) sinai de kudasai. Kyou ha ichinichi huttari y an da ri no otenki deshou. Kimi demo poluno (=polnography) wo yo nd ar i suru no.
[tara /d ar a ] (tara ha, kotengo de tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * * * * * Kono seetaa wo a n d ar a, kaasan ni ageru yo. Kodomo wo un d ar a , kanojo ha hutori hajimeta. Nikibi wo tsubusi teha ike nai yo. U n d ar a , kao ni kizu ga nokoru kara . "Abunai. Tora no ori ni te wo irechaa dame. Tora ga ka n d ar a dousuru no." Aitsu to kun d ar a, sigoto ha umaku iku yo. Kousokudouro ha, kuruma ga kon da ra , nakanaka nukerare nai. Kono sigoto ga sun d ar a, tabi demo sitai na. Hito no asi wo hun d ar a, ayamaru noga jousiki darou. Enshou wo okositeru kara, koko ha m on da ra , kaette hareru yo. Ame ga y an da ra , dekake you. Sono hon y on da ra , watasi ni kasite. Ame mo y am i tar e() ba , sousouni mijitaku totonoete ideyukeri.
[da ] (kotengo deha ta ri ga tsukawareru)
Appendix 2 - 51
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Kore ha, hahaga a n da seetaa nanda. Kanojo ha saisi aru otoko no ko wo un d a . Kizuguchi ga un da . Shujutsu sinaito ike nai ka na. Inu ga k an da . Sugu isha ni ika nakyaa. Kyoukenbyou ni nattara, sinu zo. Kare ha nani yara hukuzatsu na proguramu wo k un da you da. Iyaa, douroga k on da . Koko made 10-jikan mo kakatta. Sore dake asondara, ki ga sun da rou. "Aa, non da , non d a. Yukai, yukai." Karera ha kougeki wo sikakete kore nai to hun d a. "Obaachan no kata m on d a." "Un, yorokonde ita yo." "Ame, ya n d a youda ne." "Kono hon mou y on d a." Tosigotoni gonin no ko wo um i tar i. [ "R" -RU ]
[Rei:
Ar u; O ru ; K ar u; S ar u; T s ur u ]
[te] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Te no hanase nai youken ga at te , kyou ha ike masen. Kino eda wo ot te ha ike nai. Kore ha uchi no takara da. Donna koto ga ate mo, ut te ha ike nai. Kata ga kot te , sikata ga nai. Massaaji(=massage) wo site moraou. Ichi nan sat te, mata ichina. (Kotowaza) Ichiba deha, tagai ni set te , sinamono no nedan wo kimeru. Kanojo no jikosi wo sit te , odoroita. Kare no teian ni sot te , keikaku wo susume you. Ano otoko ha, bakuchi de zaisan wo sutte simatta rasii. Tat te no tanomi to are ba, siran kao mo deki mai. Ato 1 jikan tat te, mou ichido kite miyou. Hi ga tet te kita na. Ame mo mou yamu yo. Ki no ha mo c hit te , mou sukkari huyu da. Sumi masen, sio wo tot te kudasai. Yuushoku ni, sakana wo tsut te , gochisou si you. Niwa niha, kaki ya kuri ga tawawani nat te ita. Kono an wo motto jikkuri net te kite hosii.
Appendix 2 - 52
* * * * * * * * *
Kuruma ni not te , dekake you. Kabe ni kalahulu(=colorfull) na iro no nut te aru ie ga, Joo san no ie desu. Kono posutaa(=poster) wo hat te kite kudasai. "Asoko de nani wo siterundarou." "Kaitei wo hot te , sekiyu wo sagasiterunda." Saikoro wo hut te , junban wo kime you. "Ittai nani y at te r unda." "Sawara nai de . Ima pazulu (=pazzle) wo yat te irunda kara." Kaeri ni uchi ni y ot te it te kudasai. Tonari no galasu wo wat te, hidoku donarareta. Mata aitsu, e ra but te, kouhai ni sekkyou ka nanka siteru yo.
[tari ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Te no hanase nai youken ga at tar i site, kinou ha shusseki deki nakatta. Ki no eda wo ot tari (), sibahu ni haittari site ha ike nai. Kore ha uchi no takara da. Donna koto ga atte mo, ut tar i() site ha ike nai. Kata ga k ot tari (), me ga kasundari, kore ha roukagenshou ka na. Aitsu ga kono koto wo sit tar i sure ba, mata hito soudou da yo. Kao wo arattari, hige wo sot ta ri de, kekkou asa ha tema ga kakaru nda yo. Oya kara tsuida zaisan wo bakuchi de sut ta ri site mo, sore ha omae no sekinin da. Tattari, suwat tari , ochitsuki ga nai na. Sukosi ochitsuke. Ichinichi, tettari, k um ot ta ri no tenki datta. Kaze de harahara to sakura no hana no chit ta ri suru nomo, huzei ga atteii . "Dou da, keiba ha." "Un, t ot tari t orare tari da , na." Kono hori no sakana wo tsut ta ri sure ba, basse rareru yo. Watasi ga byouki ni demo nat t ari sure ba, ikka wa rotou ni mayou. Kona wo net ta ri an wo k one tar i site, kono kasi , ha tsukuru. Kono kuni deha, sukyandalu ga sinbun ni not t ari site mo,
Appendix 2 - 53
* * * * * * *
seijika no seijiseimei niha nanno eikyou mo nai. Minshushugi niha hodo tooi na. Iro wo nut tari, hatsut tari, gaka no sigoto ha mite ite aki nai.. Denchuu ni mudan de posutaa wo hattar sure ba, keihanzai de i basse rare masu. Niwa ni konna ooki na ana wo hot t ari site, nani ga hajimaru ndesu ka. Tondari, ha ne t ar i , hata wo hut tar i , sakkaa(=succor) no ouen mo hade da na. Hutari ha purezento (=present) wo y at ta ri morattari suru, ki , no oke nai aidagara da. Konna yohuke ni josei no heya ni yot ta ri sure ba, aranu uwasa no moto ni naru. Kono Cheko sei no kurisutalu-gulasu (=cristal glass) no kabin wo wat tar i sure ba, oyaji ha sottou sichau yo. Eraku, kouka na mono rasii kara ne. Ano sensei ha dare ni taisite mo era but ta ri si nai.
[tara ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 100 en dama att ar a, kasite. Kono kiku no hana wo ottar a ojiichan ga me wo mawasu yo. , Koko ni aru hon ha, ii hon bakari daga, uttar a nisoku samnon da. Kata ga kott ar a, nurui yu ni haitte, yukkuri momihogusu to ii yo. Taihuu ga s atta ra , nukeru you na aozora ga hirogatta. Aitsu to gokaku ni set t ar a, kochira ni bu ga nai. Kanojo no jikosi wo sit tar a , okaasan ha sazo kanasimu darou. Tama niha sono bushouhige wo sot ta ra . Sake to tabako wo tat ta r a, kenkou mo kaihuku simasu yo. Sukosi hirune wo suru. 1 jikan tat t ar a, okosite. Hi ga tet ta ra , sentakumono ha sugu kawaku. Sakura ha hana ga c hit ta ra , haga sigette kuru. Ten wo tot ta ra torikaesu, sugoi hakuchuu no geemu datta. , Asi ga tsut ta ra, kono supuree (=spray) wo kakeru to sugu yoku naru.. Niwa no kaki ya kuri ga nat ta ra , otonari nimo wake te age
Appendix 2 - 54
* * * * * * * * *
mashou. Kono keikaku ha motto yoku net ta ra , tsukaimono ni naru yo. Hikouki ni not tar a, sugu anzen-beluto(=belt) wo simete kudasai. Hei ni penki wo nut ta ra , kyou no sigoto ha owari da.. Denchuu ni postaa wo hat ta ra , basse rareru yo. Kaitei wo hot tar a , sekiyu ga deru toha kagira nai." Migi ni kishu wo hut ta ra hikouki ha ikki ni koudo wo sageta. , Nan demo yat ta ra, yarippanasi ha ike nai. O wat ta ra , seiri seiton wo si nasai. Uchi ni y ot tar a, hisasiburi ni yukkuri site ikou. Kono kabin wo wat ta ra , tada deha suma nai yo.
[ta] (kotengo deha t ari ga tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Te no hanase nai youken ga at ta nda. Sukii de koron de asi wo ot t a. Kane ni komatta node, kahou no seiji no kabin wo ut ta. Kore ha mata kot ta tsukuri no ie da ne. Taihuu ha Hokkaidou no higasi no kaijou ni sat ta . Sono Pikaso no e wo megutte, 2 sha ga hagesiku set ta. Kinou yuujin no jikosi wo sit ta . Nan tomo yarikire nai omoi ni ochi 'it ta . Shachou no teian ni sot ta houkou de, kaiketsuan wo dasite hosii. Ano otoko ha, bakuchi de zaisan wo sut ta. Ichinen hokki site, sake mo tabako mo tat ta . Koko deha nagai koto hi ga tet ta tamesi ga nai. Ki no ha mo c hit ta , mou jiki huyu da. Sono yobunna kazari ha t ot ta hou ga, e ga sukkiri suru yo. Sakana wo t sut ta . Minna ni gochisou sitara yorokobareta. Niwa niha, kaki ya kuri ga tawawa ni nat ta . Isshukan kakete kangae wo jikkuri net ta . Shuudensha ni yatto t obinot ta (). Kabe ni kalahulu(=colorfull) na penki wo nut ta . Kono posutaa(=poster) ha zenbude gohyaku mai hat ta. Zumen wo tayori ni sono basho wo hot ta ga, takara ha dete ko nakatta. Kare ha onna de jinsei wo bou ni hut ta sikujitta
Appendix 2 - 55
* * * * * *
. "Ittai nani y atta nda." "Bokutachi nani mo yara nakatta yo." Kyou ha, kaeri ni haha no tokoro ni yot t a. Tonari no galasu wo wat t a. Ojisan ga hidoku donat ta . Ano hito ha era but ta () tokoro ga nai.. Kotoshi ha niwa no kuri mo kaki mo tawawa ni minori t ari . Sono otoko shuu ni sugureshi mo, onago yue ni, jinsei wo bou ni huri tari .
[ "R" -GU ]
[Rei:
Ae guT ogu; Na gu ; H a gu; Mo gu ]
[te/ de ] (kotengo deha te ga tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Hukyou de doko no kigyou mo a ei d e iru. Doobaa(=Dover) kaikyou wo oy oi de watatta. Kasei d e() mo, ka se i de () mo, raku ni nara nai na, watasi no kurasi ha. Hisasiburi ni kita nda, 2-3 nichi yukkuri k utsuroi d e itte kure yo. Itsumade mo sa wa i de naide, sassa to ne nasai. Ikka ha yatto no omoi de, si noi de kita. Kaze ni yanagi ga soy oi de , horibata no minamo ni hashiru hamon no huzei ga kokochi yokatta. Kono naihu wo t oi de() kudasai. Kanojo ga Shuuzou no moto ni tot sui de kita no ha, 16 no toki datta. Sore ha Shuuzou ga ie wo tsui d e ma mo naku no koto datta. Kaze ha sukkari nai de ita. Kimono wo nui d e, Shuuzou no mae ni tatasa reru to, Sachi ha hazukasisa de kieiri sou ni natta. Huton wo hai d e, Shuuzou ha Sachi ni te wo sasinobe ta. "Nani wo sonna ni husai d e iru nda." to, Sachi wo dakikakaete, Shuuzou ha kiita. Umi wo m atai de tsuribasi ga kakerareta. Kore ha ima niwasaki de m oi d e kita bakari no momo da. Oisii
Appendix 2 - 56
* *
yo. Ima deha Tosio ni taisuru kanojo no kimochi mo y a wa rai d e kita. Watasi no kimochi ha isasaka mo yurui d e ha inai, to kare ha itta.
[tari( )/d a ri ] (kotengo deha ta ri ga tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Kurusiku temo, kare ha hitomae deha a ei d a ri si nakatta. Dobaa(=Dover) kaikyou wo oy oi d ar toraiasulon(=triathlon) i , ni chousen sitari, tahu na yatsu da yo, aitsu ha. Kasei d ari ()10 nen de 3 oku en. Ie de kut suroi d ari , kougen de eiki wo yasinattari, ii natsuyasumi datta. Itsumade mo sa wa i d ari si naide, sassa to ne nasai. Kaze ni yanagi ga soyoi d ari site iru nomo, ookawa no huzei ni atte iru. Houchou wo t oi da ri ( ) suru no ha, minarai niha sasete morae nai. Kanojo ga Shuuzou no moto ni tot sui d ari sita no ha, minna ie no shakkin no tame datta. Jinan no Shuuzou ga ie wo tsui da ri si nake reba, yokatta noda. Sachi ha suki na Inezou no yome ni naritai to omotte ita no datta. Koko deha kaze ga na i d ari suru koto ga nakatta.. Otoko no mae de kimono wo nui da ri suru no ka to, Sachi ha hotondo panikku(=panic) joutai ni natta. Kimusume no kimono wo hai da ri suru tanosimi mo atta ka , to Shuuzou ha naisin koukai sita. "Itsu nimo naku hu sa id ari site, dou sita nda." haha ha kiita. Hito no atama wo m atai da ri site, nan desu, gyougi no warui to, haha ha musume wo sikatta.. Yoso no niwasaki no kaki wo moi da ri hatake no satsumaimo , wo tottari site, osanai kodomotachi ha ue wo sinoida. Tosio ni taisuru kanojo no kimochi ha ya warai d ar i si nai you ni mieta. Watasi no kimochi ha isasaka mo y urui da ri si nai, to kare ha itta.
[tara /d ar a ]
Appendix 2 - 57
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Sachi ga kurusigatte a ei d ara , Shuuzou ha masumasu kouhun sita. Sono hi ni kono umi de oy oi da ra , kaze wo hika nai sou da.. Kasei d ar a() haha ni raku wo sasetai , to kanojo ha kuchiguse no you ni itte i ta. Enryo ha ira nai. Huro nidemo haitte, yukkuri k utsuroi da ra ii. Nonde, sa wai d ar a , kibun mo sukkiri suru darou. Koko wo si noi d ar a, sukosi ha raku ni naru kamo sire nai. Kaze ni yanagi ga soy oi da ra , ike no koi ga odoroite haneta. Kono naihu wo t oi da ra () yasunde ii. Kanojo ga Shuuzou no moto ni tot sui d ar a, ie no shakkin ha choukesi ni naru hazu datta. Sukina chounan no Inezou ga ie wo tsui d ar a , madasimo sukuwareta darou ni to, Sachi ha omotta. Kaze ga sukkari na i d ar a, musiatsusa mo hitosio datta. Kimono wo nui da ra , Sachi no karada ha ,6-rei no kaiko no you ni, sukitooru you ni sirokatta.. "Huton wo hai d ar a , Shuuzou mo hadaka datta. Subete no dooro wo husai d a ra hannin ha hukuro no nezumi , da, to keiji ha omotta. Umi wo m atai da r a, soko ha nangoku no sima datta. Niwasaki no sudachi wo m oi d ar a , atari ni suppai kaori ga hirogatta. Kimochi ga y a warai d ar a, ai ni kuru ga ii, to Kazue ha itta. Kimochi ga y urui d ar ab , make da to, kare ha itta.
[ta/ da ] (kotengo deha tar i ga tsukawareru) * * * * * * * * Shuuzou no sita de Sachi ha ookiku ae i da . Niisu no kaigan de oy oi d a. "Kase i d a() ka te" "K ase i d a() , to yuu hodo jaa nai yo." Hisasiburi ni yukkuri kut suroi d a. Gunshuu ha, bouto to kasite, sa wai d a. Ikka ha yatto no omoi de, sono kukyou wo sinoi da . Kaze ni yanagi ga soyoida. Dare ga kono houchou wo toi da ().
Appendix 2 - 58
* * * * * * * * * *
Kanojo ha iyaiya Shuuzou no moto ni totsui da . Miyake no ie deha, gakumon-kenkyuu no tame ni Amerika ni itta Inezou ni kawatte, jinan no Shuuzou ga ie wo tsui da . Kaze ha sukkari nai a d . Sachi ha, Shuuzou no meijiru mama ni, hajimete, otoko no mae de kimono wo nui d a. Shuuzou ha, mizukara huton wo hai da . Subete no dooro ha husa i d a. Sikasi, hannin wo ageru koto ha deki nakatta.. Tsuribasi ha ima Seto no umi wo mat ai d a. Sikoku ga Honshuu to musubareta isshun datta.. Kore ha ima niwasaki de m oi d a momo da. Oisii zo. Ima deha Tosio ni taisuru kanojo no kimochi mo sukkari y a wa rai da . Kanojo no kimochi ha ooini yurai da . [ "R" -BU ]
[Rei:
To bu ; H ako bu ; K or o bu ; Sake bu ]
[te/ de ] * * * * * * * * * * * Okyakusama ga kite iru aida, oheya de sizukani a son de nasai. Kono naka kara suki na kaado wo e ra n d e kudasai. Sousa ha seikai no toppu(=top) ni made oyon d e, ooki na sukyandalu ni hatten sita.. Nani wo karera ha sake n d e irunda. "Haji wo s in o nd e , kyou made iki te kita", to roujin ha namidagoe de itta. Kodomo ga koron de , sunde no tokoro de kuruma ni hanerareru tokoro datta. Kanojo no kokoro ha hini hini susa n d e itta. Tsubame tachi ha, kotosi mo onaji si gatsu youka ni, t oned kita. Uchi no mise ni naran de iru mono ha, dore mo yunyuuhin bakari desu. Ano nimotsu wo kochira ni hak on de kite kudasai. Ume no hana ga hok oron d e, youyaku haru no kehai ga
Appendix 2 - 59
* * * *
kanjirareru you ni natta. Gaikokugo wo m a na n d e, hajimete jibun no kuni no koto wo kyakkanteki ni siru koto ga dekiru. "Naite iru no deha nai, tabako no kemuri ni muse n de iru noda", to kare ha itta. Sono omoigakenai deai ga, hutari wo musun de iku koto ni narou toha, omowa nakatta . "Yorok on de , propoozu(=propose) wo ouke simasu", to kanojo ha kotaeta.
[tari / da ri ] (kotengo deha ta ri ga tsukawareru) * Mahiru no Haido-paaku(=Hyde Park) ha, kodomodzure no kazoku ga ason da ri , wakai kappulu ga benchi de koi wo katariattari, nodoka na koukei wo misete ita. Gichou wo era n d ar i , gijinittei wo kime teri suru noni temadotta. Sono kyouju no hanasi ha, kodai Ejiputo(=Egipt) no densetsu ni oyon da ri, gendai no Egiputo no gakuseikatagi ni ton d a ri site, kiku mono wo aki sase nakatta. Nani wo karera ha, wameitari, sake n d ari site irunda. Nani mo yo wo sinon d ari suru hitsuyou ha nakatta. Kodomo ga k oron d ari sinakere ba, sono jiko ha okora nakatta hazu da. Kuni no keizai ga susan da ri si nakere ba, minsin ha antei suru. Hisakata ni tazunekitaru tomo to sake kumikawasi, gakuseijidai no arekoe wo si nobi ta ri. Me no maede mago no te wo hiku toshiyori ga mago to tomo ni korobitari. Kohi ni yaburesi tote, otoko no seikatsu susa bi t ar i. Kodomotachi ha t on d ari hanetari site, hashaide ita.. Konna nagai gyouretsu ni nara n d ari site iru hima ha nai yo. Kokujinroudousha ga omoi nimotsu wo kuruma kara orositari, hak on da ri site asemamire ni natte hataraite ita. Yagate huki no tou ga me wo dasi tari, ume no hana ga hok oro nd ari si te, haru no kehai ga kanjirareru you ni naru. Gaikokugo wo ma na n d ar i, sono kuni no bunka ni hure tari
* *
* * * *
* * * * * * * *
Appendix 2 - 60
* * *
sure ba, jibun no kuni no koto wo kyakkanteki ni miru you ni naru Namida ni muse n d ar i site iru hima ha nai. Ikiru no ga sei ippai nan da Te wo m us u nd ari hirai tari site, kodomotachi ga, wa ni natte utatte ita. Yorokon dari, kanasindari, jinsei ha tayou da na.
[tara /d ar a ] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Souzousii ne! Sukosi ha sizukani a son da ra dou nan dai. Seppa tsumatte, sigoto wo e ra n da ra, roku na kekka ni nara nai zo. Sousa ga seikai no toppu(=top) ni made oyon da ra taihenna , sukyandalu ni hatten suru zo. Sonna ni ooki na koe de sake n d ar a , kinjojuu ga meiwaku suru deshou. "Watasi hitori haji wo sinon d ar a sore de sumu koto deshou. , Kodomo ga k oron d ar a subete no kuruma wo tome te, sono , ko wo tasukeokosita. Anna ni kimochi ga susa n da ra , sukui you ga nai. Kotsubame tachi ga to nd ar a , natsu mo sakari ni natte iru. Gyouretsu ni na ra n d ar a , jibun no meno maede urikireta. Nani wo utte ita noka na. Ano nimotsu wo kochira ni hak on d ar a, kyuukei ni si you. Ume no hana ga hok oron d ar a, mou haru da. Gaikokugo wo ma nan da ra , jibun no kuni no koto wo kyakkanteki ni miru you ni naru. Kemuri ni muse n da ra , naita no ka to, omoware ta. Kono hana ga tsubomi wo m usun d ar a, mikka de ooki na hana ga hiraku. Motto sunao ni y orokon da ra ii ja nai! Sekkaku shou wo moratta nda kara.
[ta/ da ] (kotengo deha tar i ga tsukawareru) * * * * * Kono natsu, Yooroppa ni a son da . Sono naka kara suki na mono dake wo eran da . Sousa ha seikai no toppu(=top) ni made oyon d a . Otokao ha, ikari wo osaete, haji wo sinon da . Kodomo ga k oron d a. Sugu kuruma wo tomero.
Appendix 2 - 61
* * * * * * * * *
Kanojo no kokoro ha hini hini susa n d a . Kotsubame tachi ha to nd a you da na. Gyouretsu ni naran da . Daga kekkyoku nani mo kae nakatta. Ano nimotsu wo kochira ni hakon d a noha, watasidomo desu ga . Ume no hana ga hok oron d a. Mou haru da na. Kare ha 6-tsu no gaikokugo wo m anan da . Tabako no kemuri ni m usen da . Kare no naganen no doryoku ga mi wo musun da . Kare no siawase wo dare yori mo yorokon d a noha, kare no hahaoya datta. Kaku site ryoukoku ha doumei wo m usubi ta ri Musunda . Kono otoko wo kosotote, sono nouhu wo e ra bi tari Musunda .
* *
** ** ** *
Appendix 2 - 62
DOUSI NO GO BI
1DOU SI NO GOKE I Nihongo no dousi no ippantekina gokei niha tsugi no you na mono ga aru. Koko de "R" ha dousi no gokan ( Root) wo simesu. Ono'ono ni tsuite, daihyoutekina dousi no rei wo agete aru. Tsugi ni, gokei no henka no tokuchou ni oujita 5-tsu no kategorii ( category) ni tsuite, daihyouteki na rei ga simesite aru. Nihongo no dousi ha, ato ni tsudzuku jodousi, josi, meisi nado ni yotte sono bunchuu deno go no hataraki wo ataerare, sore ni sitagatte, gokei no henka ga okoru. Mata ichibu no dousi deha, gokei no henka ni tomonai, setsuzoku bubun no onsetsu no "oto" no henka mo okoru. Koko deha sorezore no kategorii no dousi no daihyouteki na mono ni tsuite, kaki no youna daihyouteki na pataan ( patern) ni sitagatte, reibun ga atae rarete iru. Gokei no henka keitai : a) jodousi "n ai" ni tsudzuku katachi: kore niha, jodousi "ser u ", "r er u ", "sa se ru ", "ra re r u " nado mo tsudzuku; b) jodousi "m as u " ni tsudzuku katachi: kore niha, josi "ni "ha ", "kos o ", "sae ", "n a ga ra ", " ,jodousi "ta i ", "s o u " naado mo tsudzuku; c) josi "te( )", "ta( )", "tari( )", "te ha( )", te mo( " nado ni tsudzuku katachi [b) no katachi to onaji]: kono katachi deha, onbin ( gobi no oto no henka) wo tomonau; d) josi "t o ", "ga " nado ni tsudzuku katachi: kono katachi niha, "yo( )", "ne( )", "k a kara ", nado ooku " no josi mo tsudzuku; e) "toki()" ya "h ito( )", "tsu m ori( )" nado ooku no meisi ni tsudzuku katachi: kono katachi niha, "s ou", "m ad e", "bak ari", "kura i( ", "n a( ", "gur ai( ", "dake" nado no josi ya, "ra sii", "d ar o u ", "be si", "de sh o u " nado no jodousi nimo tsudzuku; f) katei no katachi: josi "ba " na ra ()ni tsudzuku;
Appendix 3-1
DOUSI NO GO BI
g) sasoikakeru katachi: jodousi "u ", "yo u " ni tsudzuku. Kono katachi ha mata, jibun no kokoro no sikou ( nanika no mokuteki wo toge tai to yuu kimochi) mo arawasu; h) meirei no katachi; [Kono katachi ha genzai no nichijou-seikatsu deha yohodo sitasii aidagara de nai to tsukaware nai, ranbou na hyougen to kangae rarete iru. Kono katachi ni kawatte, meireikei deha josi "te" ("kudasai ga " shouryaku sarete iru) wo tsukatta irai ( tanomi) no katachi ya, dousi "nasaru ("suru " no teinei na katachi) no meireikei "na sa i " wo jodousiteki na katachi de tsukatte arawasu noga hutsuu de " aru.] Ijuo no yattsu (8) no sabuguruupu( sub-group) ni wakete reibun ga simesite aru. Gakushuusha ha, ichibu ni simesite aru bunpou-yougo wo oboeru hitsuyou ha nai. Mata itadzurani bunpouteki na kisoku ni chuui wo mukeru hitsuyou mo mattaku nai. Dousi no imi to hataraki wo gutaitekina bunshou no nakade saigo ni kimeru noha, ato ni tsudzuku korera no jodousi, josi, ichibu no meisi de aru koto wo, gakushuusha ha tsuneni nentou ni oku hitsuyou ga aru. Sono ue de, dousi no gokeihenka to hataraki no araware kata ni shuujuku suru you tsutome- re ba juubun de aru. Ika, dousi no kihonkei wo simesu [ R-***] no R ha gokon(root) wo simesu.
*******
Appendix 3-2
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI (Daihyou rei) 2 Do usi n o kih onte ki n a go bi [d aihyou re i]
[ "R" -U ] A- u: ( ). * Kyou Ginza de Hiromi to a u ( ). * Kono huku ha watasi niha a wa ( ) nai . O-u: ( ) (), * Mou, watasi no ato wo o u ( ) no ha yamete . * Jinsei ha omoni wo oute ( ), tooki michi wo yuku ga gotoshi. (Tokugawa Ieyasu) So- u: ( ) () * Kimi no suru koto ha dou mo watasi no kimochi ni s o wa ( ) nai . * Sonoe ha itsumo kage no youni otto ni sotte() ikite kita. Har a- u ( ) * Asita shakkin wo zenbu ha ra u ( ) yo. Nu-u : ( ). * Kanojo ha itsumo jibun de suutsu wo n u u ( ). Ma- u: ( ) . * Konoha ga akikaze ni m a u ( ) . Yu -u: () Iu () * Kimi no y u u ()you niha naka naka ika nai. * Onna ha yu kara agaru to kagami no mae ni suwatte, yukata no katahada wo nuide, kami no ke wo marumage ni y u i () hajimeta.
R -ER U ]
Kaka- er u: () * Sono ko ha jibun yori ooki na inu wo kak a e ()te aruite ita. Ki-er u: ( ) * Hi ga ki e ru () to, atari ha sizuka ni natta.
Appendix 3-3
DOUSI NO GO BI
Kiko-e r u: () * Tooku de kane no ne ga ki k oe ( ) te ita. Ko-e ru : ()() * Kono touge wo ko eru () to, mukou ha umi da. * Ten takaku uma ko eru ()aki , to iu kara na, sugasugashii aki ni ha shokuyoku mo masu. Sa sa- er u: () * Kanojo ga ikka no seikatsu wo sa sa e () te iru. So- er u: () * Hanataba ni tegami wo soe r u(). Su -er u: ()()( waruku naru; itamu) * Teebullu wo s u e ru () no ha heya no chuuou ni si you. * Natsu ha tabemono ga su eru () no ga hayai. Ta-e ru: * Konnan ni ta eru ()no niha nareta. * Semi no koe mo ta e ()te , youyaku aki rasiku natte kita. Tato- er u: () * Hana ni t ato e ru ()to, kanojo ha ayame da. Ni- er u: () * Kono niku ha mada yoku ni e ()te inai. Ha-e ru: ()() * Ano ookina ki no h a e ()te iru ie ga Yamada san no uchi desu. * Sono akai doresu wo kita Mei ha hitokiwa h a e ()te mie ta. * Unabara ga yuuhi ni ha e ()te konjiki ni kirakira to kagayaite ita. Ho-e ru : () * Yamaoku de ookami ga h o e ru () .
Appendix 3-4
DOUSI NO GO BI
Hu-e ru * Omosiroi you ni zaisan ga hu er u . Mi-e ru * Kon'ya ha gesshoku ga mi er u hazu da.
[ "R" -KU ] A-ku : () ()() * Tobira ga a k u ( ) to, nakakara utsukusii hito ga dete kita. * Soko no seki ha a i te() imasu ka. * Mou telebi mo geemu mo aita ()na, nanika motto katsudouteki na koto wo sitai yo. Ar u-k u: () * Hae ba tate, tate ba a ru k e ()no oyagokoro. [Kotowaza] * Tate ba shakuyaku, suware ba botan, ar u k u ()sugata ha yuri no hana. (Utsukushii josei no sugata wo hana ni tatoeta senryuu) I-ku: ()() * Watasi ga i ku ()made matte ite. * I ke ()domo ike ()domo hateshi nai kouya ga hirogatte ita. * Ume ga chirahora to sakisomeru koro, haha ha itta(). O-ku: () * Telebi ha doko ni oku ()no. * Zashiki ni konna kitanai mono wo o k a () nai de. Ka-ku: ( ) ( ) () () * Kuwasii koto ha tegami ni kaku( ). * Ano gaka ha maitosi hitotsu dake taisaku wo k aku( ) nda sou da. * Aa senaka ga kayui, anata chotto kaite(). * Kono e ha doko ka kihaku wo kaku()tokoro ga aru. Ki-ku: () () () () () * Kiku ()to miru to deha oochigai da. * Kono kusuri ha kaze ni yoku kiku ( )to miete hitobn de netsu ga sagatta.
Appendix 3-5
DOUSI NO GO BI
* * * Anata, kore ha dou nasatta no to, Sachie ha otto ni kiita(). Yuushokugo ha sutereo wo kik u()koto ni suru. Ano otoko ha migite mo hidarite mo kik u() kiyouna yatsu da.
Sa-k u: ( ) ( ) * Nippon ni kuru koro niha sakura ga s aku( ) deshou. * Yami wo s aku( ) you na himei ga kikoe ta. Se-k u: ( ) ( ) ( ) * Sei te()ha koto wo sisonjiru. [Kotowaza] * Kawa wo sei te( ) , sakana wo toru. * Yoku kita na to itte sugu, chichi ha hageshiku s eita( ) . Si-k u: () * Douzo zabuton wo siite() kudasai. * Hanre ni toko siki() masita node, sochira de oyasumi kudasai. Su -ku: () () () () () * Tsugi no eki de suk u ()kara, suwareru darou. * Daibu ke ga ooi youna node, sukosi s uki () mashou. * Suga ha s uita() otoko to kakeochi wo sita. * Koko de washi wo s uku () tokoro wo miru koto ga dekiru. * Ha ga chitte, eda no aida kara sora ga s ui te() mieru you ni natta. Ta-ku: ( ) () * Yoru niha kagaribi wo t aku( ) yo. * Kamado de maki wo kubete t aita( ) meshi ga ichiban umai. To-ku : ( )() * Jiken no nazo wo tok u( ) . * Sono ato kami wo t oku () to, ke ga bassari to nuketa. Tsu -ku: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) * Toukyou niha 12-ji goro t suki ()masu. * Daihyoutorishimariyaku ni ts uku( ) . * Aite no yowami wo t s uite() kachi wo seishita. * Hyouma ha sabakuha ni ts uite () tatakatta. * Nippon deha iwaigoto ga aruto mochi wo ts uk u( ) noga narawashi da.
Appendix 3-6
DOUSI NO GO BI
Na -ku: ( ) () () * Minna ike te aeta yorokobi ni n aita( ). * Karasu ha yo ga akenu uchi kara naku(). * Mori no naka ha kotori tachi no n aku ()koe de michiahurete ita. No-ku: () * Abunai kara, waki ni n oite() inasai. Nu-ku: ( ) * Goolu sunzen de n uku( ) . * Kyou musiba wo 2-hon nuk u . Ha-ku: () () () () * Ano jiinzu wo haki (), suniikaa wo h aiteru() ko ga Mai da yo. * Shinsitu wo haki owattara, tugi ha oosetuma wo h aite() kudasai. * Akanbo ha nonda bakari no ochichi wo h ak u() koto ga yoku aru. Hi-ku: () ()() () () () * Sio ga h iku ()you ni, minna hikiageta(). * Sonna usugi de soto ni deru to kaze wo hik u() yo. * 100 kara 30 wo hiku () to 70 ga nokoru. * Naoko ha piano ya baiorin dake de naku ironna gakki wo hik u ()souda . Hu-ku : () () () () * Tsumetai kogarasi ga huk u ()koro ni kare ha modotte kita. * Teebulu ga yogorete iru kara, hui te() choudai. * Tooku de kujira ga shio wo huk u () no ga mieta. * Kono ie ha kaya de yane wo h uite () arunda ne. Ma-k u: () () () () () * Haru ni tane wo m ak u ()to, tori'ire ha aki da. * Ano otoko ha bik ou wo m aku ()noga umai. * Jibun de ma ita () tane da, jibun de shimatsu si nasai. * Ekitou deha kakuha irimidarete seisakubira wo m a ite() ita. Mu-k u: ( ) ( ) * Mikan no kawa wo muk u( ) . * Kono sigoto ha watasi niha muk a( ) nai. * Kocchi wo m uite ( )hanase yo.
Appendix 3-7
DOUSI NO GO BI
Ya -ku: () () * Sakana ya niku wo y aite(), baabekyuu da. * Nanda, y ai teru() no ka. Kanojo toha nan demo nai yo. Yu -ku: ( ) * Kono natsu niha Kanada ni y uku( ). Wa -ku: () () * Kono tani niha ii onsen ga waku .() * Yu ga waita () kara, huro ni (o-)hairi nasai. * Komedian( comedian) no jooku ( joke) ni kankyaku ha dotto wa ita( ).
[ "R" -KERU ] A-ke ru: ()()() * Mado wo akete() suzusii kuuki wo ire you. * Bunshou no danraku goto ni supeesu ( space) wo 2 gyou dzutsu ake te ()kudasai. * Toshi ga akete (), tsuma no mo ga aker u() to, Taiji ha nagai koto ak ete() ita, Toukyou no ie ni modotta. U-ker u: () () * Danboolu no hako wo watasite ha uk er u ()sagyou ga tsudzuita. * Joonzu ( Johnse) hakase no ato wo uke te(), watasi no iken wo nobe sasete itadaki masu. * Karera no gyagu ( gag) ha sukosi mo uke( ) nai. Ka-ke ru: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) * Heya no kabe niha ooki na aburae wo kak er u( ) node, husaga nai de. * Tokai deha kanarazu kagi wo kak ete () dekaker u(). * Uso jaa nai yo, kak ete( )mo ii. * Setonaikai no shimadzutai ni hashi wo kakete( ) , kuruma de Shikoku he watareru you ni sita. * Kimi no setsumei ha doumo settokuryoku ni kake r u( ) . * Rouka ha kake( ) nai youni.
Appendix 3-8
DOUSI NO GO BI
Sa-k er u: () (). * Kanojo ha doumo watasi wo sake te() iru you da. * Kaminari ga ochi te, ooki na ki ga mapputatsu ni s a keta(). Sa-k er u: ()() * Kinu no shootsu no usui kidzi wo tooshite, kanojo no chibu ga s ukete ( )miete ita. Otoko ha sore wo mite ikki ni yokujou sita. * Kimii, te ga sui tara, Yamada kun no shigoto wo s ukete () kure nai ka. Nu-ker u: () * Koko no tokoro ha nani ka bunshou ga n uke te ()iru no jaa nai ka. Tsu -ker u: () () * Kuraku natte kita node, heya no akari wo ts uke te() kudasai. * Kuruma wo gankan ni t suke( ) mashou ka. * Goutou ni atte, mi ni ts ukete( )ita mono ha subete hagarsaeta. Ma-ke ru : ()() * Kimi no gouinsa niha m ake ru ()yo. * Kono nedan, sukosi m akete() kure nai. * Sessen no sue ni waga chiimu ha maket a(). Mu-ke r u: () () * Himawari ha itsumo kao wo taiyou no hou ni muk ete() iru no da yo. * Hi ni yakete, karadajuu no kawa ga m ukete ()iru. Ya -ker u: () * Kodomo tachi ha hi ni y akete(), makkuro ni natte kaette kita. * Kimi tachi amari naka ga ii node, y ake ru () yo. Yo -ker u: ( ) * Tsukkonde kita taikousha wo y oke( ) you to site, gakesita ni ochita. Wa -ker u: ( ) ( ) * Hitotsu no pan wo minna de wake te ( ) tabeta.
Appendix 3-9
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI (Daihyou rei)

[ "R" -SU ] Ika- su: ( ) * Jibun no nouryoku wo ik as u( ) you na sigoto wo mitsuke tai. O-su : () () () * Abunai kara usiro kara o su( ) noha yame nasai. * Kono tsubo wo os u () to, dou da, kata no itami ga kieta rou. * Kono deeta kara o s u () to, kare no yosoku ha machigatte inakatta youda. Ka-s u: () * Kono hon sibaraku ka si te ()kure nai ka. Ke-s u:( ) * Dare ni demo kioku kara k esi ( ) tai koto no hitotsu ya hutatsu ha aru . Ko-s u: () * Kiken ha yama wo ko sita(). * Cha wo k o site() nomu. Sa- s u: ( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) () * Hachi ga sa su( ). * Kumo no aida kara hi ga s as u( ) . * Sakana ni kusi wo s a site( ) , yaku. * Hachiue no hana ni mizu wo sa s u( ) . * Kanojo ha kudamononaifu de hito wo sasite() tsukamatta. Seka -s u: ( ) * Sonna ni seka s a( ) naku temo, yukkuri ma ni au yo. Sa ga -s u: () * "Kanojo tachi ha nai wo sa gasi te( ) iru nda." "Kontakuto ( contactolens) wo otosi tan datte." Ta-s u: () * Karai kara sukosi yu wo ta si te ()kudasai. Na -s u: () * Suru koto na s u ()koto umaku ika nai.
Appendix 3-10
Na gasu: ( ) * Nihonjin ha iya na koto ha mizu ni n agas i() tagaru. Ni ga -s u: () * Ni ga si ta() sakana ha ookii. [Kotowaza] Huya -s u: ( ) * Sintaku-tousi de zaisan wo h uya s u(). Ma- su: () * Ooame de kawa no mizukasa ga ma site() iru. Mo- su: () ( moyasu) * Koko deha mada maki wo m os ite() yu wo wakasi te iru. Mu- su : ()() * Jagaimo wo m usi te ()tabe you. * Niwa no isi ni koke ga mu site(), huzei ga dete kita. Moy a-s u: * Hurui tegami wo m oya s u. Yo -s u: * Yo se ba ii noni, yama ni itte, sounan sita. Wak a- su: * Yu wo waka si te, ocha wo ire you.
[ "R" -SE RU ] Uka-s er u: () * Kanojo ha, suwaru ma mo naku, kosi wo uk as ete(), kaerou to sita. * Kongetsu ha 1-man en uka se ta().
Appendix 3-11

Kika-s er u: () () * Ano sensei no hanasi ha kik as er u(). * Supaisu wo kika seta() ryouri ga suki da. * Dou yara ano daigisi ni hanagusuri wo kika se ta()( ) rasii na. Sak a-s er u: () * Koko no bara ha maitosi utsukusii hana wo sak as e ru (). Mi-s er u: ()() * Soko no aoi suutsu wo m ise te() kudasai. * Kanojo no hitogara ni mis e() rare ta no da to Mu- se ru: () * Tabako no kemuri ni m us ete(), sekikomu.
[ "R" -TERU ] A-te ru: ( ) ( ) ( ) * 40 meetoru hanareta mato no chuusin ni tama wo ater u( ) noha, yasasiku nai. * Yobihi wo ate re( ) ba , nan toka akaji wo hoten dekiru. * Suisu no tomodachi ni atete( ) tegami wo kaku. Su -ter u: () * Huruku natta kara to itte, nan demo s ute ru( ) koto ha nai yo. * Sute r u() kami are ba, hirou kami ari. [Nihon no kotowaza] Ta-te ru: ()()() * Mukashi ha otoko wo tatete( ), ushiro ni hikaeru no ga onna no bitoku to sareta. * Kare ha chikadzika ie wo t ater u() sou da. * Usicha wo tate te() shinze mashouto, anju sama ha Enjirou ni itta. Mo-te ru : () * "Kimi, sonna ni takusan no nimotsu m ote ru () no ka." * Naze aitsu ga onna ni m oter u () no ka, husigi da.
Appendix 3-12
[ "R" -TSU ] U-tsu : () ()() * Deru kui ha uts u() sore ga kare no yarikata da. * Kanojo no ensou ha itsu mo hito no kokoro wo ut s u() . * Ara. uchi no hito, kyouha tori wo u chi( ) ni yama ni itta wa. * Otto no kataki wo uts u()tote, Sano ha osanai musuko wo tsurete kyouri wo ato ni sita. Ka-ts u: () * Itsuka kanarazu chanpion( champion) ni k ats u() tsumori da. Ta-ts u: ()()()()()() * Hara ga tats u () naa, aitsu no yarikata. * Asita NyuuYooku( NewYork) ni mukete tat su (). * Toki ga tate () ba, tsurai koto kanasii koto mo wasureru yo. * Koko ni kousou manshon ga tatsu() rasii. * Yasuyo ha otoko to no kankei wo t atte(), Amerika ni ijuu shita. * Wasai deha sukoshi mo muda naku kiji wo tat su (). Ma-ts u: () * Mate ()ba ka ir o no hiyori ari.Nippon no kingen Mo-t su: () * Aa, sono nimotsu ha omoi kara, boku ga m ots u ()yo. Bu-ts u: ( ) * Riyuu mo naku kodomo wo but su( ) nan te, saitei da.
[ "R" -NU ] I-n u: () * Osoku natta node, mou i ni ()masuto itte, Sato ha koshi wo ageta. Si- nu: () * Sin u ()ka ikiru ka no setogiwa ni tata sareru to, hito ha kawaru.
Appendix 3-13
[ "R" -NE RU ] Ko- ner u: () * Pan ya supagettyi nado ha, komugiko wo k on ete() tsukuru. Su -n er u: () * Kono ko ha ki ni ira naito sugu s u ne ru ()nda karaa Taba- ne ru: () * Kami wo ta ba ne te() poniiteelu ( pony-tail) ni yuu. Ma- ne ru: () * Sono sakuhin ha Rodan ni ma ne ta() mono datta. Go- ne r u: () * Go ne re () ba ooku hoshou site moraeru to omotte runda, aitsura
[ "R" -MU ] A- mu: () * Kaasan ga yonabe wo site, tebukuro wo a nde() kure ta yo. * Tsugi ha ukiyoe zenshuu wo a m o u(). I-m u: () * Toki ha hukoutsudzuki no ie wo imi(), kessite jikka ni modora nakatta. U-m u: (), ()()() * Hutari no ko wo u mu ()to, Saki ha ie wo deta. * Uma () zu tayuma zu doryoku wo surre ba, itsuka ha seika ga deru sa. * Kizuguchi ga u nde(), shujutsu wo suru hame ni natta. Ka-m u: ()()()() * Yoku ka nde() tabe nasai. * Hana wo ka m u ()kara , tisshuu ( tissue paper) wo totte. * Sohu ha yama de kuma ni ka m a() rete shinda.
Appendix 3-14

Ko- mu: () * Natsu ha umi mo yama mo hito de k om u (). Ku- mu: ()()() * Yoi kalikyulamu ( carriculum) wo ku m u() koto ga, gogaku kyouiku niha taisetsu da. * Enpou yori tomo kitaru; sake wo k u mi(), danron huuhatsu su; mata tanoshi karazu ya. * Keiryuu seiretsu, te ni mizu wo kumite() nomu, geni kanro nari. Su s u-m u: () * Tenkou ga waruku kore yori ue niha s us u me() nai: koko de bibaaku ( bivouac) da. Su -m u: (), (); (); () * Sizen no naka ni s umu() nomo ii naa. * Sugu s u mu () kara, sibaraku mattete. * Yama no anata no sora tooku saiwai s um u () to hito no yuu (Karl Busse no yakusi yori) * Kono mizuumi niha mezurasii seibutsu ga takusan s unde() iru. * Mizu s um e() ba , uo sumazu. To- mu: () * Kono kuni ha tennen-sigen ni t o nde() iru. Tsu -m u: ()()() * Kodomo to tsumiki wo t su nde() asobu. * Kono chesu ( chess) ha t su ma () nai yo. * No ni asobi, hana wo tsunde() shouyousu; kokochi yoki kana, haru. Tsu m a-m u: () * Kono siokara tedzukuri desu. Hitotsu t su m ande() kudasai. No-m u: ()() * Keiryuu no mizu wo n o mu (). Umai. * Tomodachi to no m u() sake ga ichiban umai.
Appendix 3-15

Mo- mu : () * Haha no kata wo m o mu (). * Yakimoki to ki wo m onde() mo syou ga nai. Sukosi ochitsuki nasai. * Dore icchou m o nde() yarou. ( keiko wo tsukete yarou.) Ya -m u: ()() * Ame ga y am u () made koko de matou. * Sonna ni ki wo y a mu () noha karada ni yoku nai. Yo -m u: () * Yoru osoku made shousetsu wo y om u (). * Aite no kokoro wo yomi()., sono tsugi no ugoki wo yomu()..
[ "R" -MER U ] Iji- mer u: () * Yowai mono wo ijim er u (): sore ga kono kuni no hito no shuusei da. Ita- me ru: () (). * Sonna ni muri site hataraku to, karada wo ita me r u ()zo. * Ysai to niku wo abura de ita me r u(). U-me r u: () * Kono chizu no dokoka ni takaramono ga um ete() aru nda sou da. Uzu -m er u: () * Tori ha tsubasa no aida ni atama wo u zu me te ()nemuru. Ki-me r u: () * Asu made ni dou suru ka ki me te() kudasai. Ko- mer u: () * Kokoro wo ko me ta() okurimono da. Enryonaku itadaku yo. Sa- me r u: () () () () * Me ga sa m er u() to, ressha ha Komoko no hotori wo hasitte ita. * Kimono no iro ga s am ete() shimatta kara, somenaosou. * Futari no kankei ha tooni sukkari sa mete() ita.
Appendix 3-16

* Masui ga s a mer u () to sugu, Yoshirou ha nodo no kawaki wo oboeta.
Si- me ru: ()()()() * Sorosoro mise wo sim er u () zo. * Kono sakana ha tatta ima si meta()bakari de iki ga ii. * Sono kuni no jinkou no 80 paasento wo kinrin shokoku kara no dekasegi roudousha ga si me ru (). * Waga sha no kaikei ha mai tsuki hatuka de s hi mer u (). Siz u- me ru : ()() * Teki ha hune wo s iz um ete(), kouro wo husaida. * Kokoro wo s iz um ete(), matsu sika nai. Su s u-m er u: ()()() * Hanasi wo saki ni s us u me () mashou. * Sensei ga kono hon wo su s um e()te kureta. * Bappontekina kouzoukaikaku wo okonau you s u s um er u(). Se- me ru : ()() * Asu ha uyoku no teki wo se me ru (). * Sonna ni jibun wo se me ru () na . Dare ni demo sippai ha aru. So- m er u: ()() * Kono machi ha aiiro ni so m e()ta kimonodzi de hiroku sira reru * Kanojo ha juusan no toshi ni koi wo siri some()ta. Ta- mer u: ()() * Kono shimaguni de ha amamizu wo ta me ()te seikatsuyousui ni suru. * Rougo no tame ni ta me ()ta okane wo sagi ni kakatte zenbu nakusita. Tu- me ru: ()() * Kono keikaku ha motto ts u me ()nakereba ike nai. * Kono yusouki ni ha sensha mo t su me ru (). To- me ru: () () () () * Dete yuki masu. To me ()naide kuda sai. * Shushou no ikou de inaka no tanbo no naka ni tokkyuu wo t o me() ta . * Botan wo zenbu to me te() pisshiri to huku wo ki nasai. * Kanojo ha mukeikai ni sono otoko wo heya ni to me ()ta .
Appendix 3-17
Na -m er u: () * Ame wo n am er u(). * Na me r u() youni site, kodomo wo kawaigatta. * Na me () te ha ike nai. Ano hito ha okoru to kowai. Nu-m er u: () * Unagi ha karada ga n um er u() kara, naka naka tsukamae rare nai. No-m er u: () * Otoko ha n om ette() koronda hyousi ni atama wo utte sinda. Ha-m er u: ()() * Madowaku ni garasu wo h a mer u () to, sagyou ha * Manma to aitsu ni ha me () rareta you da na. Hi-me r u: () * Tousi wo him ete(), siai ni nozomu. Ho- mer u: () * Kodomo ha sikaru bakari de naku, ho me ru () koto mo daiji da. Mo- me ru: () * Ano hutari, nanika de m om ete() iru you da na. * Kaku kaiha no shuchou ga kamiawa zu, gikai ha mo me ()ta . Moto -m er u: () * Tonari no kuni kara saigai no enjo wo mot om e()te kita. * Oya ga shinde, hatarakite ga naku nari, shakkin ga kaese naku natta to iu to, Tae ha kanekashi no Saburi kara karada wo m o tome ()rare ta. Ya -m er u: ()() * Kimi kasha wo y am er u() ndatte. * Iya, y am e ()te ,sonna koto si nai de Tomi ha buchou no te wo haratte nige you to sita.
owari da.
Appendix 3-18
[ "R" -YU (-);; - YU RU (-); -E RU (-);] Kono gokei ha kotenteki hyougen dake ni mochiirare, genzai no nihongo deha "-ERU (-)]" no katachi ga ippannteki. ( [R- ERU ]) * * * Adzuchijou mo yu( ) . Hakobera no m oy ur u( ) koro, Miyo-chan ha itta. Are ni miy u ru( ) ha Higaki-bune ja naika, maru ni juunoji no hoga miy ur u( ) .
[ "R" -RU ] A-r u: () * Kore ha doko ni demo a ru you na sinamono deha nai. I-r u: ()()()()()()() * Kono huruhon mada i r u() no kai. Iya, i r a() nai. * Ikite i r u() noka sinde i ru () noka wakaran otokoda na, aitsu ha. * Mame wo itte () tabe you. * Cha ha itte() hakkou sase nai to umaku nara nai. * Gorouta ga ya wo ir u ( ) to, ya ha tekigata no taishou no kubi wo tsuranuita. * Sono koujou deha tetsu wo i te( ) tsukutta buhin wo kakou site ita. * Edo no minato ha iru() hune deru hune de taisou nigiwatte ita. U-r u: ()() * Musume tachi ha hajimeni yogoreta shitagi wo u ri(), yagate nanno teikou mo naku karada wo ur u() youni natte iku no ga jitsujou datta. * Sono keikaku kara ha kekkyoku nanra u ru () mono ga shouji nakatta. E-r u: ()() * Sono jouken de ha wagasha no er u() mono ha nani mo nai. * Niwasaki de ha ringo no tsubu wo eri soroete(), hakodzume ni site ita.
Appendix 3-19

O-ru : ()() * Koronde hone wo o ru (). Saitei da. * Sanbadzuru wo otte (), byouki no ko ni okuru. * Hata wo ayatsutte tsumugi wo oru() no ha onna no sagyou datta. Ka-r u: () ()()()() * Haru ni momi wo maki, aki ni ine wo ka ru ()/ (). * Yama ni iri, sika wo k ar u(). * Kogenta ha kyuu wo kiite, tanshin uma wo katte() kaketsuketa. * Husoku bun ha, oyagaisha kara ka r u() sika nakarou. Kae- ru: () ( ) () . * Natsuyasumi niha kuni ni ka er u( ) . * Hito ni nareta doubutsu ga yasei ni ka er u() noha youi deha nai. * Kanojo ha tokai no seikatsu ni umi, kekkyoku kokyou no sabireta machi ni kaette( ) totsuida. Ki-r u: ()()()() * Naihu de yubi wo ki ru (). * Hatsue ha, atarasii suutsu wo ki ru () toki, itsumo ki ga wakuwaku suru. * Yami wo ki ru ().sonna eiga ga atta you na ki ga suru na. * Yama de ki wo ki ru () sigoto ha, souzou ijou ni juuroudou datta. Ku-r u: () () * Mou sugu minna ku ru () yo. * Ito wo ku ru () no ha onna tachi no yonabe shigoto datta. Ke-r u: () * Sakkaa ( succar) ha boolu wo ke ru () supootsu da. Ko-r u: () * Ano otoko ha nanigoto nimo k o ru () tachi da. Sa- r u; () * Sa ru () mono ha owa zu. [Kakugen] Si- ru: () * Sir e() ba si r u() hodo, si ra () nai koto wo si ru ().
Appendix 3-20

Su -r u: ()()()()()() * Nani wo s ur u() nimo hajime ga kanjin. [Kakugen] * Sinbun wo su ru (). * Yare utsu na, hae ga te wo s ur u() asi wo s ur u (). [Issa no haiku] * Machinaka de saihu wo su ra () reta. * Garasu wo s u ri(), lenzu wo tsukuru. * Kidzi ni gara wo su r u() no ha komakaku hone no oreru sagyou da. Se- ru: () * Uoichiba de ha maiasa ne wo sette( ), sono hi mizuage sareta sakana no nedan wo kimeru. So- r u: ()() * Hi ni atatte, ita ga sotte() simatta. * Maiasa hige wo s o ru () no ha mendou na koto da. Ta-r u: () * Michiyo ha seikatuhi ga tar a() zu, haru wo hisaida. Chi -r u: () * Sakura ha ikki ni saite, sugu ch ir u(). Tsu -r u: () () () * Ichinichi sakana wo t su r u(). Shuukaku sukunasi. * Arukisugi te, asi ga t sutta (). * Sonoe ha jinsei wo hikan site, kubi wo t sutta(). Tom a- ru: () () () () * Tokei ga to mat te() iru zo. Denchi wo kae you. * Kono kyuukou ha Mitaka ni to ma ri ()masu ka. * Kon'ya ha koko ni to ma ro u(). * Sono hito no seiso na utsukusisa ga watashi no me ni to matta(). Tom o- ru : () * Tooku no ie no hi ga to mo r u() tadoritsuita.
koro, youyaku mura no hazure ni
To-r u: ()()()()()()()()() * Sinbun wo totte () kite choudai.
Appendix 3-21

* * * * * * * Jimu wo to ru () no ga watasi no sigoto desu. Natsu ha yama de sika ya inosisi wo totte () sugosu. Kono hito wo t or u ()ka dou ka kentou site kure tamae. Dorobou ni to ra () reru youna mono ha nani mo nai. Kiroku wo t otte(), deeta to site nokosu. Hitsuyou na eiyou wo to ru () youna, shokuji wo to ri()nasai yo. Tor a()nu tanuki no kawazanyou.[Nippon no kotowaza.]
Na -r u: ()() * Ookiku natt ara, nani ni n ari () tai no. * Kono ki ha mi no na r u() ki desu. * Oka no ue no kyoukai no kane ga naru() to, hitobito ga atsumatte kita. Ni- ru : ()() * Ko ha oya ni ni r u(). Daga, hatsu go ha oya ni ni( )nai to mo iu. * Lentan ya mametan de mame wo nir u () to oisiku nieru. Nu-r u: () * Sitae ni iro wo n ur u (). * Kimi no sita koto ha oya no kao ni doro wo nu ru () koui da. Ne- r u: ()() * Kangae wo yoku n er u(). * Itsu mo 11-ji niha n er u() youni site iru. No-r u: ()() * Kougen de uma ni n or u () noha tanosii. * Sono hanasi ha itsu datta ka shinbun ni n otte() ita na. Ha-r u: ()() * Kitte wo ha ra () nai to modotte kuru yo.. * Kanojo ha otoko no hoho wo h atte(), kakedasite itta. Hi-r u: ()()() * Kotosi ha kawa mo h ir u() hodo hidoi kanbatsu datta. * Meusi ha marude h ir u() youni site, kousi wo unda. Hu-r u: ()() * Kyou ha shuujitsu ame ga h u ru ().
Appendix 3-22

* Aitsu onna wo hut ta() nda to.
He-r u: ()() * Mi temo h er u mono jaa nai. Enryo naku mite ittte okure. * Ho-r u: ()() * Tonnelu ( tunnel) wo ho r u. * Mam o- r u: () () * Kenpou wo ma m or u . * Kuni to kokumin no heiwa to anzen wo mamoru() no ha seihu no sekimu da. Mi-r u: () () ()() () () * Mir u() mono kiku mono mina mezurasii. * Kanja no youtai wo m ir u(). * Kokkyou no mukai gawa no heisi no ugoki wo mi ru (). * Hara to nodo ga itai, isha ni m i te( ) moraou. * Gekijou de sibai ya odori wo mir u(). * Tenrankai de kaiga ya choukoku wo mi ru (). Mo- ru: ()() () * Ryouri wo sara ni m o ru (). * Tenjou kara ame ga m o ru ()/ (). Ya -r u: ()() * Tanonda sigoto ha mou y atte() kureta noka. * Yatsu ha mezawari da, y ar e(),to bosu ha meijita. Ya se- r u: () * Kimi, saikin hidoku y a se ta() mitai da kedo, doko ka warui no ka. Yo -r u: ()()()/()() /()() * Suki na mono wo y or i() nasai. * Kaeri ni kimi no uchi ni y or u() yo. * Yot te(), hikoku ha hou ni y o ru () sabaki wo uke nakere ba nara nai.
Appendix 3-23

* * Sono dekigoto ha kado no inshu ni yo r u(), rangyou no kekka datta. Ito wo yo ri (). himo wo tsukuru.
Wa -r u: () * Tootalu ( total) wo kosuu de wa ru() to souka-heikin no atai ga deru. Wak a-r u: ()()() * Aitsu ga kuru ka dou ka, wakar a () nai . * Sono otoko no kotoba no ura ni aru honsin ga wakatta(). * Kimi no itte iru koto ga wak ar a() nai.
[ "R" -RE RU ] O-re ru: () * Hone ga o re te() imasu ne. Gibusu wo maki mashou. Uka-r er u: () * Daigaku ni ukatta kara to itte, uk ar ete() bakari mo irare nai. U-re r u: ()() * Kono hon ha amari ur e() nai yo. * Niwa no kaki mo mou ur er u() koro da. Ka-r er u: ()() * Kusaki mo k are ( ), musi no koe mo tae te, noyama ha sukkari huyujitaku da. * Ranmyaku na seikatsu ga sono gaka no sainou wo kare () saseta. Ku-r er u: ()() * Kono nekutai ha Suzanna ga k ur e()ta nda. * Higa k u re()tara , kyuu ni samuku natte kita. * Totsuzen otto ni sinare, kanojo ha yonin no osanago wo kakaete tohou ni kure ()ta . Ku bi-r er u: () * Sono onna ha hosoku ku bi re ta() kosi wo kojisuru youni kunera sete aruite ita.
Appendix 3-24
Sa bi- re ru : () * Kono tankou no machi mo ima deha sukkari sa bi re te() sima tta. Mots u- re ru: () * Karera no kankei ha sukkari mot su re te() simatta. Wak a-r er u: () * Kekkon sita kappule ( couple) no yaku 7-wari ga wak ar ete() iru.
[ "R" -GU ] Ao -gu: () () () * Nohara ni nesoberi, sora wo ao gu() ( to, siroi kumo ga pokkari to ukande ita. * Uchiwa de konro no hi wo a o gu (): sonna sugata mo ima deha, mettani mirare naku natte simatta. * Tomie ha yokozuwari site, hadaketa mune wo uchiwa de a oide() ita. Ka- gu: () * Kou wo ka gu() nado, miyabina koto wo suru hito mo sukunaku natte iru. Kas e- gu: () * Kas egu () ni oitsuku binbou nasi. [Nippon no Kotowaza] Ko- gu : () * Booto ( boat) wo koide(), mukai no kojima ni wataru. So- gu: () * Sonna hito no kyou wo s ogu () youna hanasi wo sinaku temo ii darou. Tsu -gu: ()()()()()() * Nan tomo ki ni take wo ts uida() youna hanasi da na. * Oya no kagyou wo ts u gu() no ha iya da to itte Yasuo ha ie wo deta. * Mukasi ha katoku wo ts u gu () no ha chousi to kimatte ita. * Sakunen ni ts uide() kotosi mo yuushou kouho no hittou da. *I Jinmin ni ts ugu (), waga riku kai kuugun ha sentoujoutai ni ireri.
Appendix 3-25

* Watasi ni mo t sui de( ) kudasaruto ii nagara ha Takeo ni nijiriyotta.
To- gu : () * Ookami ha kiba wo t oide(), Akazukin-chan wo machi masita. Totu- gu: () * Otsune ha juugo no tosi ni hitoyama koeta tonari mura no shouya ni totsu ide() itta. Na -gu: ()() * Umi kara no kaze ga na gu () to, atari ha kyuu ni musiatsuku natta. * Omatsu ha naginata wo hurimawasi te sono oootoko wo n a gi taosita( ). Nu- gu: () * Chikagoro no wakai joyuu ha sugu nu gi () tagaru. Ha- gu: () * Otoko ha ranbouni Chiyo no kite iru mono wo tugitugi to haida(). He-gu: ()( usuku hagasu) * Sono kougeika ha ita wo usuku h egu () koto ni shuuchuu site ita. Mo- gu: () * Ringo wo m o gu() otome tachi no hoho ha makka datta.
[ "R" -GE RU ] Kaka- ge r u: () * Ima deha, k aka ge ta( ) shakaishugi no suloogan ( slogan) mo sukkari iroasete simatta. Sa sa- ger u: () * Kimi ni inochi wo s as ager u (): nan te, imadoki hayara nai nda yo. Tsu -ger u: () * Byouki ga gan de aru koto wo kanja ni t su ge r u().
Appendix 3-26
Na -ger u: () * Kare ha jinsei wo sukkari n agete() simatta mitai da. Ni- ge r u: () * Otoko ha ni ge ru ( ) Sae no te wo hikiyosete kanojo wo dakisukumeta. Ha- ger u: () * Sonna koto kangaete itara atama ga h ager u() yo,to itte shunin ha muzukasii giron wo sake Hiro -ger u: ()() * Mata aitsu ooburosiki wo hiroge te() iru yo. * Sukosi yuuzaa ( user) no taishou wo hi ro ge te() kentou site mite kure nai ka.. * Toki ga geeto wo deru to, Tetsuo ha ichi hayaku kanojo wo mitomete, oode wo hi ro ge te ()demukae, hisshi to dakishimeta. Ma- ge ru: () * Kore ha paipubendaa( pipebender) to itte, paipu wo m a ger u () kikai da yo. * Aitsu ha kessite setsu wo m age() nai otoko da. Me- ge ru: () * Shidzu ha, hukou na dekigoto ga tsudzuite mo, me ger u( ) koto naku akaruku tachihataraite ita. Mo- ge ru : () * Hina ningyou no atama ga m ogeta(),to itte, Sonoko ha naita. Mota- ger u: () * Atama wo m ota ger u() yokujou ni uchiate zu, Zenji ha aniyome wo okasita. Ya war a- ge ru : () * Kanojo niha kinchou sita kuuki wo y a wa ra ge r u() sainou ga aru. * Kitanai yaji ni isshun kibun wo gaisita yousu datta ga, shushou ha hyoujou wo ya war agete() enzetsu wo tsudzuketa.
Appendix 3-27
[ "R" -BU ] As o- bu: () * Natsu, Siga no yama ni as o bu (). * Ano otoko ha itsumo hito no kokoro wo moteas o bu ( ) iyana yatsu da. Uka- bu: () * Nakanaka yoi aidea ga uk a ba () nai. Era -bu: () * Dore demo sukina mono wo erande() omochikaeri kudasai. Kor o- bu: () * Aa, sonna ni kakedasu to ko r obu () yo. Sake -bu: () * Omote de hito no s ake bu () koe ga sita ato, oozei ga kakedasite itta. To- bu : ()()() * Oozora wo tobu yume wo mita. * Aki mo hukamari, kari ga kita he mukatte to bu ( ) to, mura ha huyujitaku da. * Touta ga genkan ni hairu to, Kumi ha to nde( ) dete kubi ni dakitsuita. Na ra -bu: () * Yokotsuna ha na ra bu mono no nai tsuyosa de renpa sita. Man a- bu: () * Man a bu () ni ososugiru koto ha nai. [Kakugan] Mu su- bu: () * Hutari wo mu s u bu () kizuna ha, dare nimo tate nai hodo katai. * Heiwajouyaku wo mu s ubu () koto ga ryoukoku no kenan datta.
Appendix 3-28
[ "R" -BERU ] Uka- be ru: () * Kanojo ha kao ni emi wo uka be te, chikadzuite kita. Kur a- be ru: ()()() * Imouto ni ku ra be te( ), Ane no hou ha uchiki de, monosizuka na musume datta. * Deetaa wo k u ra be re () ba , higa no sa ha rekizen to site iru. * Shokuin wo k ur a be () sase te, kaisha zentai no gyouseki wo ageta. Ku- be ru: () * Yomi owaru to kanojo ha sono tegami wo kirisaite kamado ni ku be ( )ta. Sir a- be ru : ()() * Kimi, kono seihinha kono nedan de saisan ga toreru ka dou ka sikyuu sir a bete() kure tamae * Kuukou de kibisiku nimotsu wo s ir a be() rareta. Su -ber u: () * Kare ni ha hito wo s uber u() rikiryou ga tari nai. Ta- be ru: () * Sikkari ta bete( ), ookiku tsuyoku nari nasai,sore ga haha no kuchiguse datta. No- ber u: () * Sono you ni n ober e () ba nattoku site itadakeru deshou ka to iikaeta kotoba ni tsukekuwaete itta.
Appendix 3-29
[DO USI NO KIHO NTEKI N A GO BI N O HENK A]
[I] KATE GOR II 1: [5 dan katsuyou] Kono guruupu ni ha 1 onsetsu no gobi wo motsu ooku no dousi ga hairu. Mottomo ippanteki na gokei-henka no dousi de aru. Koko deha, "au", "amu", "aru", "kaku", "saku", "tobu" ni tsuite gobi no henka wo simesu. Kono guruupu no dousi niha tsunagaru onsetsu ni yotte oto no henka (onbin) wo tomonau mono ga aru. (O nbin ni tsui teha, Appendix 4- ) "O nbin " no kou wo sanshou no koto) [Rei] [a u ] a) Kyou ha dare nimo a wa nai . Kanjo wo kimi ni a wa se ru wake ni ika nai. Buchou, kyou shachou ni a wa masu ka. (teinei na hyou gen) re b) Kyou shachou ni ai ma su . Kore kara tomodachi ni aini iki masu. Ani to aiha sita kedo, sugu ni wakareta. Kare ni a i k oso sita mono no, nani mo hanasa nakaatta. Ano hito ni ai sae sure ba , nan toka naru. Kimi ni ai tai . Ima sugu nimo ai tai . Onaji machi ni sunde iru no da kara, aisou na mon da ga, otagai metta ni a wan ai ne. Sekkaku ai na ga ra , nani mo hanasa nakatta no kai. c) Kyou atte moraeru ka na. Ima atta bakari de, mou kaeru no kai. Kimi to atta ri sinakattara yokatta Sono otoko ni atte ha mita mono no, nan no shuukaku mo nakatta. Attemo muda da yo, anna hito! d) Au , kanarazu kenka da. Awa nakya yosa souna noni, sugu mata ai to ta ga ru . Sono hito ni au( ) d ake ( ) ha a u( ) ga , nanimo hanasu
Appendix 3-30

koto nanka nai yo. Jaa, kimi no yuu toori, sono hito ni a u( ) y o . "Kimi, kyou shachou ni a u( ) ne ." Jaa, sono hito ni au( ) ka . Kyou Satoko ni au( ) ka . Itsu sono hito ni a u( ) no . Kyou sono hito ni a u( ) k ara , tsutae te oku. Kondo au( ) t oki sono CD motte itte ageru. Kyou a u( ) hito ha dare. Au( ) t sum ori mo nai na, sonna hito. Kimi to au( ) k oro niha, ame mo yanderu sa. Au( ) dak e demo, atte( ) morae nai ka na. Ae( ) ba , hanasi tai koto ga ippai aru. Ano hito ni atta ra( ), nan to iou? Kyou shachou ni a u( ) na ra , kore wo kotodzuke te kure nai ka. Kyou 5-ji ni a o u ( . Kyou boku to atte( ) . Kyou kono hito ni a i( ) nasai . Kimi, senpou no shachou to a i ta m ae . Sore nara kono kata ni oai( ) na sa i . Tada "ae( ) " to iwarete mo nee
e)
f)
g) h)
[a mu ] a) Seetaa ha am a()na i . Seetaa wo a ma re ()masu ka. (teinei na hyougen) Seetaa wo a ma se ()tara , kanojo no migi ni deru mono ha inai. b) Anata no seetaa ha raishuu am i()ma su . Seetaa wo a mi()ni koujou he itte iru. Kono seetaa ami ()ha sita kedo sukosi ooki sugita. Kore wo a mi ()koso sita mono no, ichido mo sode wo toosite inai. Nan demo a mi()sae sure ba, ii no da. Kondo ha kono gara no seetaa wo a mi tai (). Kibun'ya dakara newatasi no tanonda seetaa ha nakanaka a mi () sou ni nai. Seetaa wo a mi()nagara , oshaberi suru noga tanosii mitai da. c) Seetaa wo a nd e(), ano hito ni ageru nda. Kongetsu ha seetaa wo 2 mai an da (). Seetaa wo a n d ar i (). suru toha, kanojo no igaina ichimen da na.
Appendix 3-31

An de ()ha hodoki site, itsu dekiagaru ka sire nai. Seetaa wo a nd e()mo, jibun deha ki nai mitai da. Kore wo a m u()to 100 maime no seetaa da. Seetaa ha am u ()koto ha am u ()ga , amari jouzu deha nai. Kondo ha anata no seetaa wo a m u() yo. Kondo ha kaasan no seetaa wo am u () ne . Seetaa wo a mu () ka ne. Ano otoko no seetaa nan ka a m u() ka . Kondo ha dare no seetaa wo am u () no. Anata no seetaa ha raishuu am u () kara , mou sibaraku matte te. Seetaa wo a mu () toki ga ichiban tanosii. Seetaa wo a mu ()hito ha takusan iru. Anata no seetaa ha raishuu niha am u ()tsumori. Kono seetaa, a m u()dake ha an da kedo Anata no seetaa wo am u ()koro niha, sakura mo saki hajimeru deshou. Kono seetaa wo a me () ba , 100 mai me da. Kore wo a ndara (), 100 maime no seetaa ni naru. Kono tsugi ha jibun no seetaa wo a mo u (). Watasi no seetaa mo a nd e(). Hoka no iro no seetaa mo a mi () nasai. Kimi, shachou no seetaa wo a mi ()tamae . Seetaa ha jikan wo kakete oa mi ()nasai. Seetaa wo a me ()tte ittemo, keito mo motte konai ja nai.
d)
e)
f) g) h)
[a ru ] a) Tsukue no ue niha nani mo nai ( )zo. Shachou ha gokigen naname ni ar as e( ) rareru. (hijouni teinei na hyougen) b) Sono hon ha tsukue no ue ni a ri ()m asu yo. Sono hon ha a ri() ha sita kedo, hijouni takakatta. Toshokan ni a ri() koso sure, sonna hon ha daremo yomanai yo. Hon ga a ri ()sae sure ba gokigen nanda, aitsu ha. Soyaa dare sumo isshou kenkou de ari ()tai to omou sa, kimi. Sonna hon doko ni demo ari ()souna mon da ga, mitsukaran no ka ne. 5 nin no ko made ar i()nagara , mada mi ga sadamara nai no ka ne, ano otoko ha. c) Koko no mise ni atte (), hoka niha nai, to yuu you na tokushu na sinamono jaa nai hazu da yokore ha.
Appendix 3-32

Atta(), atta() , sagasite ita hon ga a tta(). Mise ni yotte attari (), nakattari surunda, kono hon ha. Atte()ha naranai koto da yo, sonna bakana koto ha. Attemo(), nakute mo, tonikaku mitsukete kite kure. Sagasite iru hon ga mada a ru () to ii ga Sono hon ha kono mise ni a ru ()ga , ato nokori sukunai yo. Sono hon ha koko ni ar u a r u()yo. Sono hon otaku ni ar u ar u()ne . Oo, ar u()ka, sono hon. Sonna bakana koto ga a ru ()ka . Sono hon kimi no tokoro ni ar u ar u()kai. Eeh, mada sonna hon ar u ()no. Ar u k ar a , a a ru ()tte itteru nda yo. Ar u t oki ha, kusaru hodo ar u ()nda , kono kuni no shouhin tte. Kane ga takusan a r u()hito ga siawase toha kagira nai sa. Ar u t oko r o niha ar u()mon da ne, okane tte! Sono hon, mada a ru ()tsumori de ita kedo, mou urikirete ita yo. Sorosoro sirase ga a r u()koro da, to omou. Ar e() ba , atta ()de, iroiro mendou na mon dayo, kane tte yuu yatsu ha ne. 1000 en atta ra (), kasite. Sono hon a ru ()nara , katte kite kure nai ka. Dare simo, kenkou de ar o u ()to tsutomeru njaa nai ka na. Sagasiteru hon, douka kono mise ni atte(). Hito niha seijitsu de a ri() nasai. Kimi, nanigoto mo sinsi de ari () tamae. Shokun, seijitsuna doryoku no hito de ar e().
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
[kaku ]() a) Watasi ha mou si wo k aka nai . Si wo kak a() seru to, kare ni narabu mono ha inai. Kare no sukyandalasu ( scandalous) na siseikatsu wo shuukansi ni kaka()re te, kare ha hude wo otta. b) Mata itsu ka si wo kak i()masu. Si wo k aki() ni dekake temo, sore nari no kandou ga nakere ba, si ha kake()masen. Si wo k aki()ha sitemo, kandou no usui mono ha hito no kokoro wo uchi masen.
Appendix 3-33

Si ha k aki()koso sure, hito no mono ha yoma nai. Anata nara, si wo k aki()sae sure ba , ureru noni Kaki()tai toki ni, si ha kak u()mono desu. Dou mo toubun kare ha si wo k aki()sou mo nai na. Ano hito ha si wo k aki()nagara , kyoku mo tsukuru. Si wo kai ()te ita koro ha, kimochi ga juujitsu site ita na. Dore gurai kare ha si wo ka i()ta darou ka. Si wo kai ()tari , kyoku wo tsukuttari, isogasi katta na, ano koro ha. Si wo kai ()teha sute, sute teha kai ()ta na. Kai()temo, k ai()temo, si no mochiihu ha kare nakatta na. Kare ga si wo k aku ()to, kanarazu ure ta. Si ha k aku ()ga , sanbun ha k aka ()nakatta . Watasi mo si wo k aku ()yo. Watasi mo si wo k aku ()ne . Si demo kak u ka. Kare igai ni, dare ga konna si wo kak u()ka. Anata mo si wo kaku ()no. Kare ha si wo kak u ()kara , neuchi ga aru nda. Kare ga si wo k aku ()toki ha, mawari ha mina sinkei wo piripiri sasete ita yo. Kere koso si wo kak u()hito da yo. Honto ni mou kare ha si wo kak u()tsumori ga nai noka ne. Kondo kare ga si wo kaku ()koro niha, kare ha mou sukkari wasure rarete simau kamo sire nai. Kaku ()dake ha kai ()te kureru to ii nda ga Nani, kare ga kak e()ba, mata ninki ga agaru sa. Kare ga si wo k aitara(), mata ureru. Kare ga si wo k aku ()nara , watasi mo chikara ni nareru yo. Watasi mo si wo k ako u (). Watasi ni si wo kait e(). Si ha, kaki taku nattara k aki()nasai. Kimi, yokyou ni si wo hitotsu kaki ()tamae . Minna ga kitai site iru ndakara, mata si wo okaki ()nasai na. Si ha "k ake()" to meiji rarete kak u()mono jaa nai.
c)
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
[s aku ] a) Sakura ha mada s aka( ) nai you da ne. Baiotekunologii ( biotechnology) de hayaku s a ka() seru koto mo
Appendix 3-34

dekiru ka na. Amari hayaku s aka( ) re temo komaru. Sakura ha 4 gatsu niha s aki( ) masu yo. Sakura ha s aki( ) ha sitemo, sugu chiru kara na Ano hito ha sakura ga saki( ) sae sure ba, yorokonde iru nda. Sakura ni datte s aki( ) tai toki to yuu mono ga arun jaa nai no. Sakura ha mou sugu s aki() sou desu yo. Sakura ha s aki( ) nagara chiru ndesu ne. sai ( ) te, patto chiru: sore de, sakura ha, isagiyosa no daimeisi ni natte iru. Aa, yatto sakura ga s ai( ) ta . Sakura ha huyu ni sa i() tari si nai to omou na. Chirahora s ai( ) teha iru ga, mada 2-3 bu ttee tokoro da. Sakaura ha s ai( ) temo, sugu chiru. Sakura ga s aku( ) to, mou sukkari haru da. Sakura ha, s aku( ) ga hayai ka, sugu chiru. Ueno no sakura ha raishuu niha s aku( ) yo. Sou, ato isshuukan mo sure ba s aku( ) ne. Nani mo, ima s aku( ) ka , ima s aku( ) ka , to machiwabiru koto mo nai jaa nai ka. Itsu s aku( ) no, uchi no sakura. Mou sugu s aku( ) kara ne. Sakura ha s aku toki mo patteo s aku( ). Sakura ga s aku( ) koro ni, kochira ni kuru to ii. Sakura ha s ake( ) ba, sugu chiru. Sakura ga s ai( ) tara , hanami ni ikou. Sakura ha "saa, sak o u( ) " to omotte s aku( ) wake jaa nai. Sakura yo, hayaku s ai() te. Sakura yo, hayaku s ake() .
b)
c)
d)
e) f) g) h)
[to bu ] a) Kono hakuchou ha to ba()nai. Kochira ga to ba( )se taku temo, are ha t obe( )nai nda. Jiyuu ni to ba( )re nai you ni, suji wo kitte aru nda yo. b) Demo kono hakuchou ha to bi( )masu yo. Are mo to bi( )ha site mo, sugu maiorite simau ndesu yo. Are ha sukosi t o bi() koso sure, amari nagai koto tonde inai ne. Ichido to bi( ) sae sure ba, zutto tonde irareru to omou ga nee
Appendix 3-35

To bi()tai toki ni t o bu( )sa . Ima ni mo to bi ( )sou dakedo nee Tori ha t o bi()nagara, mokutekichi wo sagasi te iru nda yo, kitto Tonde( ) itta naa, ano hakuchou. Aa, mite. Ano hakuchou ga to nda( ). Hakuchou ga to nd a( )gurai de, to n dari( ) hane tari si nasanna. Ano hakuchou t o nde()ha ori, orite ha t on de ()ru yo. Are ha to nde()mo sugu oriru nda yo. Naze ano hakuchou ga t o bu( )to , minna oosawagi suru nda. Are ha to bu()ga , sugu oriru nda. "Mata to bu()yo." "Honto da, t obu( )nee ." To bu( )ka, to ba()nu ka, gobugobu da yo. Oo, sou ka, t obu( )ka . Mou to bu()no. Ima to bu( )kara ne. Hakuchou ha t o bu( )toki mizu no ue wo hasiru nda yo. Sora wo to bu( )hito datte iru sa. To bu( )tumori ni nare ba, tobu sa. Ano hakuchou, mou t o bu( )koro da to omou yo. Ano hakuchou ga t o be( )ba , uresii na. Are ga to nda( )ra , osiete. To bu( )nara, kaze no aru imano uchi nanda ga ne. Ookiku nattara, boku mo oozora wo to bo u ( ). Hakuchou yo, saa to be( ). Saa, hayaku t on de( ).
c)
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
[2]
KATE GOR II 2: [kami 1 dan katsuyou]
Kono guruupu niha 2 onsetu no gobi wo motsu dousi to, 1 onsetsu no gobi wo motsu ichibu no dousi ga hairu. Kono guruupu no dousi no tokuchou ha, kihonkei ga subete [-ru] no onsetsu de owari, sono mae ni [i] no oto wo hukumu onsetsu, sunawachi { [i( [ki ), ], [si], [chi], [ni], [mi] nado] ga kite iru koto de aru. Koko deha, "iru()", "okiru()", "kiru()" to "miru()" ni tsuite gobi no henka wo simesu. Kono guruupu ni hairu dousi ha amari ooku nai.
Appendix 3-36
[Rei] [ir u a) Heya niha dare mo I na i( ) . Suma nai kedo, sibaraku koko ni is as ete( ). Ammari nagaku Ir a rete mo( ). komaru nda. b) Demo shoku ga mitsukaru made ha I masu( ). Koko ni i ha( ) site mo, meiwaku ha kake nai kara, sinpai si nai de. Koko ni i sae( ) sure ba , kiken ha nai. Koko niha itsu made mo i tai ( ) na. Koko niha dare mo i sou ni( ) nai . Koko ni i nagara( ) , mattaku ki ga tsuka nakatta no ka. c) Sibaraku koko ni i te( ) , mata dokoka he ikou. I ta( ) , I ta( ), Yappari, koko ni I ta( ), Konna tokoro ni i ta ri ( ) site, nani sitenno. Konna tokoro ni itsu mademo i te ha( ), ikenai yo. Itsu mademo koko ni i temo( ), siyou ga nai. d) Soko ni i r u()to, hito no jama da yo. Sibaraku koko ni ir u()ga , ii ka na. Sibaraku koko ni ir u()yo. Sibaraku koko ni ir u()ne . Sou ka, sibaraku i ru ( )ka . Sore de, gutaitekini ha itsu made i ru( )no. Anata ga koko ni i r u()kara , doko nimo ika nai. e) Kimi no soba ni i ru( )toki ga, ichiban siawase da. Ano ki no soba ni i ru( )hito ha dare. Itsu made koko ni i ru( )tsumori . Mou sorosoro aitsu kaette i ru( )koro da. f) Kimi sae koko ni i re( )ba, nani mo ira nai. Osoku made soto ni i tara( ), kaze hiku yo. Watasi to issho ni i r u()nara , ii. g) Sibaraku koko ni i you(). h) Watasi to koko ni i te( ). Doko ni mo ikazu ni, koko ni i nasai( ). Suki na dake uchi ni i tamae( ). Netsu ga takai kara, doko nimo ikazu ni uchi de nete ir o() y o .
Appendix 3-37
() a) Kono kaisha niha anata no youna jinzai ha Ira( ) nai. b) Demo kawari no hito ga mitsukaru made ha i ri( ) masu. Tama ni i ri( ) ha site mo, jouyatoi ni suru wake ni ha ika nai no desu. Motto hinpan ni i ri() sae sure ba, jouyatoi ni mo dekiru no desu ga nee. Koko deha anata no youna jinzai ha amari i ri( ) sou ni nai. Watasi no youna jinzai ga ir i() nagara , mattaku ki ga tsuka nai to iu koto ha nai no desu ka. c) Sore ha koko ni itte()mo, are ha koko ni ha i ri() masen. It ta(), it ta( ) . Yappari, koko nimo it ta () yo. Konna tokoro ni mo it tari ( ) site , yoku sirabe nai to wakara nai mono da. Sonna mono ga itsu mademo itte() ha dame da na. Itsu mademo koko ni it te() mo, hokyuu no siyou ga nai. d) Soko ni i r u() to, hitotsu kazu ga tarinaku nari souda yo. Koko ni mo mou hitotsu i ru( ) ga , dou suru ne. Are maa koko ni mo ir u() yo. Koko ni mo ir u( ) ne. Sou ka, sonnani ir u( ) ka . Sore de, zenbu de ikutsu i ru( ) no. Yappari anata ha waga sha ni i ru( ) kara , doko nimo ika nai de. e) Watasi ga ir u( ) toki ha, itsu demo itte kudasaitsugou tsuke masu kara. Yappari anata ha waga sha ni i ru( ) hito datta yo. f) Hitsuyou na hito ga hitori i re( ) ba , hoka ni ha dare mo ira nai. Sonna ni takusan no onaji jinzai ga it tara() , kaette komaru yo. Watasi ga ir u( ) nara, jouyatoi ni saiyou site kudasai. [oki ru ] () a) Ano ko ha, yonde mo, nakanaka oki()nai. Hitori de oki()r are nai no ka. b) Iie, hitori de oki( )masu. Ichido oki( )ha sita kedo, mata sugu nete simatta. Satto oki()sae site kurere ba, yuu koto ha nai nda kedo nee Oki()taku nare ba, oki( )te kuru sa. Gakkou ni okureru noni, nakanaka oki( )souni nai ndesu yo. Ichido oki()nagara, mata nemucchau ndesu kara nee c) Ichido oki te, mata neta mitai.
Appendix 3-38

Kadzuo, oki( )ta. Sengetsu ha guwai ga waruku te ne tari, oki()tari no seikatsu datta. Oki()teha mita kedo, nemui kara mata neru. Kadzuo, mou oki()temo ii nja nai. Ima okir u( )to mada gakkou ni mani au yo. Ichido oki r u()ga, mata neru. Uuhn, ima oki ru( )yo. Okiru( )ne . Yatto okir u( )ka . Honto ni ok ir u()no. Aa, ima oki ru( )kara . Okiru( )toki, huton wo tatande rasshai. Konna jikan ni oki ru( )hito ga imasu ka. Motto hayaku okir u( )tsumori datta nda kedo naa. Okiru( )koro ni naru to, nemuku naru nda. Mou sukosi hayaku okir e()ba, chikoku sinai de sunda noni. Oki()tara, sugu dekakere ba, yokatta na. Douse okir u( )nara , hayaku okire( )ba ii deshou ni. Asita kara, hayaku oki( )you. Kadzuo, sichi-ji yo, oki( )te . Sichi-ji da yo, oki( )nasai. Obocchama, sichi-ji desu yo, o oki nasai- mase( ). Oi, Kadzuo, okir o( ). sichi-ji da zo. Mou umanokoku ni nari masu. Soro soro oki()mase.
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
[kir u ] a) Kyou ha, kono huku ha ki nai ( ). Kodomo ni huku wo ki sase( )nai to Hitori de ki ra reru() ndarou. b) Ano ko ha hitori de ki masu( ) yo. Demo, ki ha( ) site mo, mada kichitto deki nai no yo. Ki sae ( ) sure ba ii tte, kanji nan dakara Ki tai ( ) you ni k i sase ( )te oke ba ii ja nai ka. Mou sorosoro chanto hitori de k i sou( ) ni omou nda kedo nee Jibun de ki nagara( ), umaku ika nai to, hito no sei ni surun da yo. c) Saa, hayaku huku wo ki te ( ), kao wo aratte, sassa to sitaku si nasai. Watasi mou huku wo ki ta( ) yo.
Appendix 3-39

Chanto ki ta ne. Uragaesi ni ki tar i( ) site nai kai. Hora, konna huu ni ki teha( ) dame deshou. Kou ki te m o( ) ii nda mon. d) Konna huu ni kir u () to, warawareru no yo. Kore jaa, "kir u ()" ga " kir a()reru" da wa. Motto chanto ki ru ( )yo. Asita kara, chanto ki r u()ne . Sou ka, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u()ka . Un, asita kara hitori de chanto ki ru ()no. Hitori de chanto ki ru () kara, daijoubu yo. e) Huku wo k ir u()toki ha, mada tetsudatte moratta hou ga ii nja nai ka. Uuun, Yukko hitoride ki ru ()tsumori da yo. Yukko ga hitori de ki re()ba , kaasan ga tasukaru yo. Yukko ga hitori de huku wo ki tara ( ), okaasan ga tasukaru no. Sou. Omae ga hitori de kimono wo ki ru ()nara ne. Jaa, watasi kitto hitori de kiy o u (). Saa, ii kara, kore wo kit e( ). Sosite uwagi wo k i nasai ( ). Mou gakkou ni agatta no dakara kimono gurai ha hitori de chanto kiy o( ) to otousan ha itteru yo. Mada chiisai kara "chanto kir o ( )" to ittemo, nakanaka umaku ha kira reru() mon jaa nai sa. Hiete mairi masita, Himesama. Uchikake nato ki mase( ). [] a) Ima ha katana de hito ha kir a()nai . Konna namakurana katana deha hito ha kire ()nai yo. Katana de hito wo ki ra se () tari sitara tsumi ni naru nda yo. Akkan nara kira nai to hantai ni ki ra ()re ru darou. b) Ano ko nara sonna toki ni ha gyaku ni aite wo ki ri ()masu yo. Demo, ki ri()ha site mo, mada sore hodo hukade ha owase rare nai yo. Kiri ()sae sure ba ii tte, kanji nan dakara Sakana ya niku nara kiri ()tai you ni ki ra ()sete oke ba ii ja nai ka. Katana wo motase tari sitara hito datte ki ri ()sou ni omou nda kedo nee Jibun de kir i()nagara , hito no sei ni sitari surun desu yo. c) Saa, hayaku niku wo kit te ( ), nabe wo aratte, sassa to sitaku si nasai. Watasi mou niku wo kit ta()yo. Chanto kit ta ( )ne. Kawa goto kit tari( )site nai kai. Hora, konna huu ni kit te()ha dame deshou. Kou kit temo()ii nda mon.
Appendix 3-40

d) Konna huu ni niku wo kir u()to, oisiku nasa sou ni mieru no yo. Kore jaa, "kir u ()" ga kiite akireru yo. Motto kir i()kata wo renshuu site, asita kara, chanto ki ru ()ne . Sou ka, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u()ka . Un, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u ( )no. Hitori de chanto kir u( )kara, daijoubu yo. e) Niku wo kir u ()toki ha, mada tetsudatte moratta hou ga ii ja nai no ka. Uuun, Yukko hitoride ki ru ()tsumori yo. Yukko ga hitori de ki re()ba , kaasan ga tasukaru yo. Yukko ga hitori de niku wo kit tara (), okaasan ga tasukaru no. Sou. Omae ga hitori de niku ya yasai wo k ir u()nara ne. Jaa, watasi kitto hitori de ki ro u(). Saa, ii kara, kore wo kit te(). Sosite tsugi ni sakana wo kir i nasai. Mada chiisai kara "chanto ki re ( )" to ittemo, nakanaka umaku ha kire()nai mon da yo. [mi r u ] a) Watasi ha metta ni telebi wo mi nai ( ). Konna tsumara nai bangumi wo kodomo tachi ni mi saseru( ) wake ni ika nai yo. Mattaku mi rareta( ) mon jaa nai. b) Demo, watasi ha telobi wo m i masu( ) yo. kodomo no koro ha, telebi no aru uchi ni, yoku mi ni( ) itta mon desu yo. Sore ha, tama niha watasi mo nyuusu ya dokyumentarii ( documentary) nado wo mi ha ( ) suru ga ne Kudara nai bangumi wo mi sae ( ) si nakere ba, mi tai( ) mono wo mir e() ba ii ndesu yo. Otona ga m ire ()ba , kodomo mo mi sou ( )da kara ne. Kudaran bangumi ha ike nai yo. Telebi wo mi nagara( ), shokuji wo suru nomo yoku nai. Kazoku no aida no kaiwa ga naku naru. c) Mi te( ), kandou dekiru mono dattara, ii deshou . Nani wo mi ta( )noka, wakara nai you na mono ga oosugiru nda yo. Mi tari ( ), kii tari suru koto ha juuyou desu yo. Telebi ga aru kara, katei de sore ga dekiru ndesu kara. Nani mo kamo mi teha( ) ike nai toha, iwa nai kedo, mi temo( )seisin no eiyou ni nara nai mono ha mi nai ( )ni kosita koto ha nai no sa. d) Sore ni ichido mir u to , kuse ni nari yasu. Tabako ya sake to onaji da yo.
Appendix 3-41

Tasika ni chiisai uchi ha, kore ha m ir u() ga, are ha m i na ( )to, hakkiri kime rare nai kedo ne. Boku manga wo miru()yo. Watasi ha anime ( animation) wo mir u()ne. Hora hajimatta. Gamen no tori ai mo yoku nai. Manga wo mi r u()ka, anime wo mi ru ()ka , dochira ka ni si nasai! Watasi anime wo m ir u()no. Boku ha manga wo mir u ()kara ne. Telebi wo mi ru ()toki ha kenka wo sinai no. Watasi ha sasupensu ( suspence dramma) wo m i ru ()tsumori yo. Kimi ga mir u ()koro ha, kodomo tachi wo nekasitsuketa hou ga ii zo. Osoku made telebi wo mi re ()ba , mata asa ga oki rare naku naru nda kara Kodomo tachi ga m i tara ( ), anata, jun ni ohuro ni irete, nekasete kudasai na. Anata mo nani ka mi ru ()nara , tochuu de watasi ga kawari masu yo. Iya, ii, watasi ha, kodomo tachi ga netara, Nyuusu sentaa wo mi yo u ( ). Hora, mi te . Kodomo tachi ttara, me wo maaaruku site, gamen ni kui'itte mi te ( )iru wa. Kenka wo si nai de, nakayoku mi nasai( ). Dokusho de me ga tsukare tara tooku wo miy o(). Hore mi ro (), da kara iwan kocchaa nai. Kochira wo m i mase( ), kono youni itasu mono nano desu yo.
e)
f)
g) h)
[3]
KATE GOR II 3: [simo 1 dan katsuyou]
Kono guruupu no dousi ha, kihonkei ga -[*e]-[ru] no 2 shurui no onsetsu de owatte iru noga tokuchou de aru. { [*e] ni ha [e()], [ke [se ], ], [te], [ne], [me], [re], [ge], [be] nado no onsetsu ga kuru.} Kono guruupu ha [1] ni tsuide kazu ga ooi. Koko deha "akeru()", "kakeru()", "sakeru()", "yameru()" ni tsuite gobi no henka wo simesu. [Rei] [ake ru ] a) Omote no mon ha ake()nai.
Appendix 3-42

Omote no mon wo ake ()sase nasai. Omote no mon ha dare ni demo ake ()rareru deshou. Omote no mon wo ake ()masu yo. Ima mon ake ()ni iki masita. Mada mon ha ak e()ha si masen. Mon wo ake ()koso sure, simeru koto wo sira nai. Mou sukosi hiroku mon wo ake ()sae sure ba, raku ni tooreru no ni Hayaku ak e()tai noha yamayama da kedo, nani siro omoi ndesu yo kono tobira ha. Sorosoro mon wo ake ()sou da yo. Mon wo ake ()nagara , simeru koto wo wasure ta. Ake()te, sugu sime nakyaa Ima ake()ta bakari de, mou simeru no desu ka. Ake()tari, sime tari, taihen da. Mada mon wo ake ()teha ike nai. Mou mon wo ake ()temo ii deshou ka. Mon wo aker u () to, dotto hito ga nadare-konda. Hayku mon wo ake ru ()ga ii. "Mon wo aker u () yo ." "Mon wo ake r u()ne ." Sorosoro mon wo ake r u()ka . Kimi ga mon wo ake r u()ka . Dare ga mon wo ake ru ()no. Ima aker u ()kara , awate nai de. Aker u ()toki , te wo hasama nai you ni ki wo tsuke te. Mou ak er u()koro da to omotta. Kyou ha ake ru ()tsumori ha nakatta nda. Aker e() ba , sime nakyaa. Ake()tara , sime nasai. Aker u ()nara, tetsudaou ka. Saa, ake yo u(). Hayku ak e()te . Hayaku ak e()nasai. Musiatsui you desi tara, mado wo ake ()mase .( oake nasai) Kimi ga ake()tamae . Hayaku koko wo oake ()nasai na. Aker o () toha nanigoto da. Kimira no sasidzu ha uken yo. Kinkyuusha ga chikadzuite kitara sumiyaka ni michi wo akey o().
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
[kake ru ]
Appendix 3-43
a) Kono chihou deha kagi nado k ake ()nai. Demo kagi wo kake ()sasete kudasai. Kagi ga nai kara, k ake()rare nai. b) Deha, kagi wo k ake()masu. Kagi wo k ake()ni modo tta. Iriguchi no kagi wo kake ()ha sita ga, engawa ha zenbu aite iru yo. Kagi wo kake ()koso sure, akerare nai. Kagi wo kake ()sae sure ba ii tte mon demo nai yo. Kagi nado kake ()tai tomo omowa nai na. Kagi nado kake ()sou mo nai yo, koko no hitotachi ha. Kagi wo k ake()nagara, omowazu waratte simatta. Engawa ha aiteru nda yo. c) Tokai deha kanarazu kagi wo k ake ()te dekakeru. Gasu no motosen ha simeta. Kagi ha k ake()ta. Saa, dekake you. Inaka deha kagi nado k ake ()tari si nai demo ansin site dekake rareta. Kagi wo kak e( )teha mita mono no, engawa ga aite ita ndeha katateochi da. Koko deha kagi wo kake ()temo imi ga nai. d) Demo, kagi wo k ake ru ()to ansin desu yo. Kagi ha k ake ru () ga , imi nai ne, koko deha. "Kagi wo kake ru ()yo." "Kagi wo k aker u ()ne ." "Kagi wo kake ru ()ka ." "Kagi ha dare ga kak er u()no." "Kagi ha watasi ga kak er u()." "Watasi ga kagi wo kak er u() kara , saki ni dete." e) Kagi wo kake r u() toki, gasusen mo mite. Kagi wo kake r u()hito ha dare. Kagi ha watasi ga kak er u()tsumori da. f) Kagi wo kake re ()ba ansin to yuu mono demo nai. Kagi wo kake ()tara, dekake you. Kagi wo kake r u()nara , mondai ha na. g) Tsuide ni kokoro no kagi mo kake y o u (). h) Genkan no kagi wo k ake()te. Kagi wo kake ()nasai . Iriguchi no kagi ha kimi ga kak e()tamae . Kokoro nimo kagi wo ok ake ()nasai. Kokoro ni kagi wo kakey o (). Uchi wo akeru toki ha, subete no tobira ni kagi wo k aker o().
Appendix 3-44

Kochira ni kak e mase().( okake nasai) [s aker u ] a) Kare ha, kiken mo aete sak e()nai . Kiken ha s ake()sase te kudasai. Kiken ha s ake()rareru. b) Kiken ha s ake()masu yo. Kiken wo sake ()ha suru ga, s ake-kire()nai koto mo aru. Watasi ha, kiken wo s ake ()koso sure, aete okasa nai. Kiken wo sake ()sae sure ba, nani mo mondai ha ani. Negawaku ha, sonna kiken ha sak e()tai . Aitsu ha dou mo kiken wo sake ()sou ni nai. Minna kiken wo s ake()nagara , zensin sita. c) Kiken ha s ake()te toore. Rakuseki no kiken ha sak e()ta . Ano otoko ha ichi'ichi kiken wo sak e()tari sinai otoko da. Ichi'ichi kiken wo s ake()teha irare nai. Hitotsu sak e()temo, mata tsugi no kiken ga machikamaete ita. d) Sonna kiken ha s ake ru () ga ii. Watasi dattara donna kiken mo sake r u()yo. Watasi mo kiken ha minna sake r u()ne. Kiken wo okasa nai to inochi ga tasukara nai baai mo, yahari s aker u ( )ka. Donna baai mo kiken ha s ake ru ()no da. Toni kaku, watasi ha donna kiken mo s aker u()kara ne. e) Kiken wo sake ru ()hito ga okubyoumono toha ie nai. Sker u ()tsumori de, sake kire nai kiken mo aru. f) Donna kiken mo umaku s ake re () ba ii. Kono nansho wo umaku s ake ()tara , ato ha raku da. g) Kiken ha dekiru dake s akey o u(). h) Kiken ha s ake()te. Kiken ha s ake()nasai. Kimitachi kiken ha s ake()tamae . Shokun, kiken ha sak er o(). Sono youna gukou ha s ake y o (). Tono sono youna koto ha tsutomete s ake ()mase.
Appendix 3-45

[ya me ru a) Kono sigoto ha ya me ()nai. Kono geemu( game) ha omosiroku te ya me ()rare nai. Anna kudara nai koto ha ya me ()sase nasai . b) Kono sigoto wo y am e()masu. Sono sigoto wo ya me ()ha sita ga, nakanaka ato ga mitsukara nai. Ano kaisha wo y am e()koso sita mono no, sukosi miren mo aru. Ano sigoto wo y a me ()sae si nakereba yokatta njaa nai ka. Mou konna sigoto ha ya me ()tai. Aitsu, kono kaisha wo ya me ()sou ni nai na. Ichido kono kaisha wo y am e( )nagara , mata modori tai nan te, hazukasiku nai no ka. c) Ano kaisha ya me ()te yokatta. Mou y am e()ta yo, anna kaisha. Iya dakara to itte, sigoto wo y am e()tari sitara, kazoku ga komaru. Kono sigoto ha ya me ()teha ike nai yo. Koko wo ya me ()temo, hoka ni ii kaisha ha ikura demo aru. d) Kare ga kaisha wo y a mer u ()to, kaisha ha dou naru. Koko ha ya me ru ( )ga , kongo mo kono kaisha tono tsukiai ha tsudzuku. Chikadzika kono kaisha wo y a mer u ()yo. Anna koto iware tara, watasi nara kaisha wo ya me r u()ne . Sou ka, dou sitemo ya me ru ()ka . Naze kono kaisha wo ya me ru ()no. Asu kono kaisha wo ya me r u kara ne. e) Kimi ga kaisha wo ya m er u()toki, soubetsukai wo si you. Ya me r u()hito mo ire ba, hairu hito mo iru. Hajime ha kono sigoto wo y am er u()tsumori ha nakatta nda ga ikigakari da. Kimi ga kaisha wo ya m er u()koro, boku ha Pari ni shucchou site iru. f) Kimi ga kaisha wo ya m ere ()ba , samisigaru hito mo iru nja nai ka. Koko wo ya me ()tara , sono saki ha dou suru ndai. Ya me r u() nara y am er u() de hoka ni jiki mo atta njaa nai ka na. g) Watasi mo kono kaisha wo y am eyo u(). h) Ya me te, kaisha wo ya me r u()no. Ya me takere ba , yame ()nasai . Ya me ()tai . Jaa, y a me ()tamae .
Appendix 3-46

Ya me () takere , itsu demo yamero(). Sonna roku demo nai tokoro ha, sassato ya meyo(). Ojou sama, oiya nara sonna sigoto ha y am e mase () ( oyame nasai).
[4]
KATE GOR II 4: [k a-gyou henkaku]
Kono guruupu ni hairu no ha "kur u "dake de, gokei no henka ha tokushu de aru. [Rei]: () a) Asu ha watasi ha ko na i( ) yo. Dare mo ko n u uchi ni, katadzuke te simaou. Ko r ar e( ) tara, kon'ya k o n ai ( ) ka. { (Hanasi kotoba deha, K ore tara( ), ko nai ka. no youna zokugo hyougen mo hiroku tsukawarete iru.)} Kimio wo uchi ni ko sa se ( )te kure nai ka. b) Asu mata ki m as u ( ). Ki ha ( ) sita mono no sugu kaetta yo. Musuko ga kaette ki s ae ( ) sitara, hahaoya ha yorokonde iru. Ki tai( ) toki ni oide. oide ha, ki nasai no teinei na hyougen. Mata irasshai tomo iu.) Dou yara karera ha ki so u ( )ni nai na. Chikaku made ki nagara ( ), naze yora nai no. c) "Mitsuo ha." "Sakki ki te ( ), kaetta yo." "Haru ga ki ta ( ), haru ga ki ta( ), Doko ni ki ta( ),.Yama ni ki ta( ), sato ni ki ta( ), no nimo ki ta ( )," (Douyou) Itari ki tari( ), nani wo sowasowa siteru nda. Kyou ha ki teha ( ) ike nai yo. Mata ki temo( ) ii ka na. d) Asita uchi ni k ur u ()to ii. Shougatsu ga ku r u() ga , kane ga nai. "Mata ku r u yo." "Mata k u ru () ne ." Sou ka, Masao mo k ur u() ka . Shougatsu ha dare to dare ga k ur u ()no. Asita mata ku ru ()kara, ansin site.
Appendix 3-47

e) Kur u()toki , biiru hitohako katte ki te( ),. Haru ga ku ru ()koro niha, aitsu mo kette ku r u()sa . Asita mata ku ru ()tsumori da kedo, jikan ha hakkiri si nai. f) "Kure ()ba , mata kenka ni naru kara, mou ko nai( )." "Sonna koto iwazu ni, mata ku re () ba." "Kodomo tachi ga k o nai ( ) to samisii si, k i tara ( ) ki ta ( ) de urusai si " "Kur u()nara, mae motte, denwa wo site kara k i te( )." g) Suteki na tokoro da. Kondo mata koyou(). Koy ou to, ko mai ( ), to kare no katte sa. h) Chotto, kocchi ni ki te( ). Ii kara kocchi ni ki nasai( ),. Kimi, chotto ki tamae ( ). Ki mase ( ), mise masho urando wo aakete (Tosa minyou no issetsu)Sasoikake, mataha yawalakana meirei Tama niha uchi nimo oi de nasai ()na. Saa, Rendy k oi (). Sanpo ni yuku zo. "Haru yo k oi(), hayaku ko i (),. " (Nippon no Douyou no issetsu)
[5]
KATE GOR II 5: [s a-gyou henkaku]
Kono guruupu ni hairu no ha kihonteki ni "s ur u( <>)" dake de aru. Tada [R+suru] no katachi no hukugou-dousi to [N+suru](N ha meishi) no katachi no zougo ga ooku aru. Kono youna zougo no naka niha [Tetsugaku suru()] ya [Kagaku suru()] no hoka [Ocha suru()] nado kimyouna hyougen ga tsukawarete iru uchi hiroku teichaku sita mono mo aru ga, tadasiku ha, [N-wo suru] mataha [N-ni suru]to iu no ga seitou na nihongo no iikata dearu.{ R ha gokon; N ha meisi no ryaku.} [Rei]: (<>) a) Watasi nara sona koto ha si nai( ) na. Kuchidasi s ur u na () to iware temo, kuchidasi s e zu( ) niha irare nai yo. Kare ni sa se( ) tara, nani mo kamo mucha-kucha ni s a reru( ) zo. b) Matte kudasai. Sugu si masu( ) kara.
Appendix 3-48

Watasi nara sonna koto ha s i ha ( ) si ya( )si nai( ). Warusa wo s i koso( ) sure, home rareru koto ha nani mo si nai ( ) yatsu da, aitsu ha. Mainichi doryoku si sae ( ) s ure ()ba , seiseki mo yoku naru noni Are mo si tai( ), kore mo si tai( )to, nozomi ha kiri ga nai hodo aru. Aitsu ga sonna koto s i sou( ) ni nai nda kedo naa Yasu ha yamiya wo si nagara( ), daigaku wo deta. Tondemo nai koto wo si te ( ) simatta. Kinou si ta ( )koto mo, kyou si ta ( )koto mo tada munasii doryoku datta. Tsuri wo s i tari( ), mizuabi wo s i tari( ), hirune wo si tari ( )s i te ( ), nonbiri natsu wo sugosi ta. Si teha ( ) ikenai koto wo kimi ha si te( )simatta nda yo. Sonna koto imasara si temo( ), si naku( ) temo kekka ha onaji sa. Kare ga s ur u() to, minna ga onaji you ni s ur u (). Sur u ()nara , hayaku s u ru ()ga ii. Sara'arai ha boku ga s ur u ()yo. Tsudzuki ha mata asita s ur u ()ne. Saa, neru to su ru ()ka . Kono ore ga sonna koto su r u ka . Kimi made sonna koto s ur u() no . Kimi ga sonna koto s ur u()kara, minna ga mane wo s u ru ()nda yo. Kaimono wo s ur u()toki , tsuite kite yo. Tori'ire wo su r u koro ni ha, kaette kuru. Su ru () hito ni yotte, minna yarikata ga chigau nda yo. Sonna koto su r u( )tsumori ha nakatta ga, ikigakari jou s ur u ( )hame ni natta. Nan demo jibunkatte ni su re ()ba , ii tte yuu mon jaa nai nda yo, kimi. Sore wo sioe()tara, kondo ha kore wo tanomu. Su ru ()nara , hayaku si tara( ). Si you()to omoe ba, sugu dekiru de shou, sonna kantan na koto. Si you(), si you() to omotte, nobinobi ni natte simatta. Hayaku s i te( ). Okure chau yo. Shukudai wo hayaku si nasai ( ). Kimi, hayaku si tamae( ). Shachou ga omachi kane da. Okyakusama, kochira no hou ga oniai desu yo. Kochira ni na sa i mase
c)
d)
e)
f)
g) h)
Appendix 3-49

. ( s ur u no teineina hyougenn.) { mase ha jodousi masu no koui wo unagasu teineina meileikei. Re: Ki ma se , mise masho, urando wo akete Tosaminyou yori inyou }
*******
Appendix 3-50

[N*+SURU : Dousi no zougo hou ni tsuite no hosoku] (* koko de N ha meishi <Noun> wo imi simasu.) -SURU - tsunagete doushi to suru koto ga dekiru noha shu to site ni Kango (Chuugoku no kotoba) ni yurai suru chuushoumeishi de, ippan no gushouteki meishi (mono no yobina, karada no bubun no yobina nado) niha (ichibu noreigai wo nozoite) tudzuke rare masen. Ika sono rei wo age masu. [Tsukawareru hyougen] * Anshin-suru * Ando-suru * Kakugo-suru * Kankei-suru * Kansatsu-suru * Kannen-suru * Kanmei-suru * Kangei-suru * Kangen-suru * Kitai-suru * Sansei-suru * Sanran-suru * Shinpai-suru * Sundan-suru * Sengan-suru * Sengen-suru * Senden-suru * Senjou-suru * Sonshou-suru * Shoukai-suru * Shoudan-suru * Shoubai-suru * Shuutoku-suru * Tannou-suru * Tanren-suru * Teian-suru
Appendix 3-51

* Toumen-suru * Nangi-suru * Nouhin-suru * Handan-suru * Hanketsu-suru * Hanmei-suru * Hibou-suru * Huntou-suru * Hukushuu-suru * Henkou-suru * Henshin-suru * Henshuu-suru * Hensou-suru * Honsou-suru * Housou-suru * Hosoku-suru * Manshin-suru * Meigen-suru * Menkai-suru * Mensetsu-suru * Menseki-siri * Mendan-suru * Monshin-suru * Yakusoku-suru * Yayu-suru * Yoshuu-suru * Ranbou-suru * Ranshin-suru * Renraku-suru * Renshuu-suru * Rongi-suru * Ronbaku-suru- * Ronpa-suru * Wakai-suru * Gaisan-suru * Gakushuu-suru * Gisou-suru * Giron-suru
Appendix 3-52

* Gurou-suru * Geigou-suru * Gouryuu-suru * Gouyuu-suru * Zange-suru * Danshou-suru * Danzoku-suru * Danpan-suru * Densen-suru * Dengon-suru * Denpan-suru * Donka-suru * Bengaku-suru * Kyouiku-suru * Kyouka-suru * Chousen-suru * Chuushou-suru * Juutai-suru * Juujitsu-suru * Juutou-suru * Benkyou-suru (Ijou no rei ha N no bubun ga Kango yurai no Chuushou Meishi dekatai hyougen desu>)
*******
[Ika no rei ha nichijouteki ni tsukawarete iru mono no, juubun ni narete izu, iwakan ga aru tsukaware kata no rei de, ni ya wo nado no Joshi wo kaishite tsukau houga nozomashii.] * Gakumon-suru Gakumon wo suru. * Shokuji -suru. Shokuji wo suru. Shokuji ni suru.
Appendix 3-53

* Ocha-suru * Miseban-suru * Byouki-suru * Taibyou-suru Ocha ni suru. Miseban wo suru. Byouki wo suru Taibyou wo suru
* Hohozuri-suru Hohouri wo suru * Kuchidzuke-suru Kuchidzuke wo suru [Ika no rei ha, motomoto suru to iu doushi ni tsunageru beki meishi deha nai ga omoni bungaku ya tetsugaku ni tazusawaru mono no aidade tsukawarete hanseiki ijou ninaru.] * Tetsugaku-suru * Bungaku-suru * Kagaku suru * Nanpa-suru [Ika ha Oubeigo yurai no meisi ni tsudzukete siyou sareru rei de aru.]
* Kisu ( Kiss) suru. Kisu wo suru * Sekkusu ( Sex) suru. Sekkusu wo suru
[Ika ha, josei seiki no hizokuna meishou nitudzu keru yourei de, izen ha midari ni kuchi ni subeki deha nai hyougen to omowarete ita ga, saikin ha ooppirani tukawarete iru.]
* Omanko suru. * Omeko suru. * Ososo suru. * Bobo suru. * Ecchi (H) suru.
[ Ecchi ha seikou wo imisuru ingo de iyarasii koto, hazubeki koto, waisetsu na koto no daimeisi no youna yougo de ari, imada nipponjin ga seiai wo sonoyouna waisetsuna
Appendix 3-54

koui de kakusu beki koto to omotte iru araware de aru.]
Ijou mite kita youniN+suru no ktatachi ni yoru doushi no zougohou ha gijutsu no hatten to tomoni, tokuni saikin no IT gijutsu no hukyuu to tomo ni, sono bunya no yougo to musubitsukete aratana doushi no zougo ga umareteiru. Sono jitsurei wo sita ni shimesu. * Denwa-suru Denwa wo kakeru. * Unaden suru Sikyuu denpou wo utsu. * Meelu-suruMeelu = E-mail E-meelu wo okuru. () * hatto-suru(Chatto = Chat) Chatto moodo de kousin suru. * Fakkusu-suru(Fakkusu = Faximilli/Fax) Fakkusu de messeeji/jouhou wo okuru.
*******
Appendix 3-55
Editorial Postscript to the last version of Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs ( Nihongo Jodousi Katsuyou Jiten Henshuu Kouki) [English Editorial Postscript]
It has taken more than one year to review and improve the contents of this Dictionary. But the author doesn t satisfied with the result of time-consuming editorial work, because there has been brought up a lot of new idea not only to enrich the contents but also polish the style of the Dictionary to make it easier and valuable for users to utilize it, while reviewing and editing the Dictionary. For example it should be done to highlight every elements of word on the levels of sound like as conjugating parts of verbs and or auxiliary verbs and other linguistic elements followed by and/or following to the said entry words which appear in examples of usage, using bold-italic face, bold face, italic face and/or underlines. It was appeared in fact that making such efforts for tens of thousands of words which appear in the examples is too much difficult and time-consuming to achieve and it could take more times than two or three years to finish. So the author abandoned to realize such an idea although such is referred in the Preface. Should it be better for foreign users that the more numbers of examples of usage might be given for every entry word. But also such idea couldn t be realized due to the limits of space and time given. The author should have an opportunity to improve this Dictionary whenever if it becomes possible and it may come up to the willing of author to do so, taking into account the desires and expectation of users and above-said ideas as well. The author always appreciates it and feel it happy if every user feeds back his/her opinions and suggestions to him that have come up while using this Dictionary. Thanking for your interest into this Dictionary, Ei Cohen June 15, 2010
In Tokyo,
Editorial Postscript to the last version of Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs ( Nihongo Jodousi Katsuyou Jiten Henshuu Kouki) [Nihongo Henshuu Kouki]
Konponteki ni kono Jiten no naiyou to henshuuno keishiki no minaosi to suikou wo tegake hajimete, ichi nen amari ta tachi, kono hodo youyaku koukai suru tokoro made kogi tsukeru koto ga deki masita. Sikasi nagara chosha ha juubunni manzoku ha site ori masen. Suikou to henshuu no katei de riyousha ni totte yori tsukai yasuku yuuyouna mono ni si tai to iu yoku ga waite kite, tsugitsugi to henshuu sagyou wo okuraseru kekka ni narimasitaga. sore demo nao human ga nokoru riyuu ha tatoeba tsugi no youna ten ni arimasu. Hitotsu ni ha, Jobun de nobeta youna reibun ni arawareru midasigo no gobihenka ya, sonota no shudai no jodousi no zengo ni tsunagaru dousi ya jodousi, joshi, sonota no gengo youso wo, hutoji ya shatai moji, hutoji-shatai moji mataha andaalain nado ni yotte kyouchou si kubetsu suru koto ni yotte gaikokujin gakushuu sha no dousi no tukaikata no kankakutekina rikai wo siyasuku suru toiu aidea ha juubun na katachi de jitugen deki masen desita. Sore ha sono sagyou ga amari nimo hanzatsu de ooku no jikan ga kakaru kara desita. Mata dono midasigo nimo motto ooku no reibun wo agereba, motto yokatta ka to omoware masu ga, kore mo supeesu ya jikan no kankei de genjou ni todomeru koto ni nari masita. Mata ori wo mite, sono youna kanousei ga shoujireba, riyousha no koe ya jouki no aidea wo kouryo ni irete, yori yoi mono ni kaihen dekiru hi no kuru no wo kitais itai to omoi masu. Chosha ha riyousha kara no socchokuna goiken ya goteian wo itadakerreba makoto ni arigataku, siawase ni zonnji masu. Kono Jiten ni gokansin wo motte itadaki arigatou gozai masu. Ei Cohen Toukyou nite, 2010 nen 5 gatsu 7 ka.
Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs and Tips in using Japanese verbs Electronic Version on PDF fails Offered subscription price : 1,200 Jpn Yen
Author : Ei Cohen (or as referred to a Auther Name,) Publisher : Taku Kanda Published by : Personal Office Telintalk Postal No. : 202-0002 Address : Hibarigaoka Kita 4-5-24, Nishi Tokyo City, Tokyo, Japan E-mail : eicohen@eikohen.com PDF files are created and edited by : Taku Kanda, Owner of the Business Name Personal Office Telintalk (Any request for publishing printed version of this subject will be welcomed.) * PDF is the trademark of the Adobe Corporation.
Representation:
All author s right for this work should belong personally to Ei Cohen as well as his Persona Office Telintalk. Anyone may not be utilized, whole or in part, any part of this work, in any form, electronically or in published hard copy, without prior consent of the author, in exception to the case it is referred to in any kind of works and notified about referred parts to the author. June 15, 2010 Personal Office Telintalk Ei Cohen

Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Vbs

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Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Vbs

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Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs

- With Appendices to the Usage of Japanese Verbs

JOBUN (Japanese Preface) Hissha

Ei Cohen, 2010 nen 6 gatsu 15 nichi Jobun I

Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata

[Kono jiten no kousei] A p pen dix

Jodousi no midasigo ha [ ] no naka ni hyouji sarete iru. { Rei: [U ] ; [ SA SERU ] nado}

Hitotsu no bunshou no hajimari ha, sude ni [NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN]

Jodousi no kaku koumoku no yourei ha, tsugi no youna houhou de sikibetsu

Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata

Jodousi ni sakidatte tsunagaru hinsi ha, sono hinsi no eigomei no ryakugou

Mata sorezore no jodousi no hataraki no kubun ni oujite reibun ga simesite

Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata

Kono hosoku no sekushon (section) 2 niha sorezore no jodousi no kanouna

3 deha, gokei henka no shujusou ga reiji sarete iru.

Hajime ni, dousi ni setsuzokusuru go no chigai ni yoru henka ni tsuite rei ga

Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata

2010 nen 6 ga tsu 15 ni chi Ei Cohe n

Honsho ni tsukawarete iru onsetsu

sha [shi] shu [she ] cha chi chu che

[ti ] [tu ] chi tsu nu hu mu yu

ri ru re [li] [lu] [le ] gi [zi] ji [di ] bi pi wu gu zu du bu pu ge ze de be pe

dz [dza ] dzi dzu [dz e ] by py bya pya byu pyu -

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

[Configuration of this Dictionary] Appendix 1-I consists of following constructions.

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Configuration and How to use this Dictionary

Ei Cohen Personal Office Telintalk, Tokyo, Japan E-mail Address: eicohen@eikohen.com

{Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs}

2. Josi "na" wo tsukatta meirei no katachi

Katei, jouken wo arawasu dousi no youhou

2. Dousi no kihontekina katachi ( daihyou rei)

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

hodo ni ( motte ika se masu

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

> Isoi de kochira ni ko sa si mey o , to monosugo kenmaku de okora reta.

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

kagakugijutsu no chikara wo motte chikyuuondanka no mondai kaiketsu wo shudou sitari .

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

atari no kensou sunawachi yamu nari ( .

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

ika mahosi to zo omoi tsuru.

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

wo site iki nasai.

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

otachi ni naru no des u ka.

JODO USI NO YOUHOU

* [RA SII ] (Meisi, dousi, keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru.)