Example 1.

7 At a point in a structure subjected to 3D loading, the stress was measured as

. Determine (1) stress invariants, (2) principal stress, (3) direction cosines. Solution: (1) Step 1: Stress invariants:

Step 2: Write the Eigen equation:

Step 3: Solve the Eigen equation Method 1 Calculator: The principal stresses are three real roots of the above equation (calculator, Matlab, or on-line calculator @ http://www.easycalculation.com/algebra/cubic-equation.php) , Method 2 Matlab method >> a=[1 -60 -9100 432000] >> x=roots(a) Or Matlab Determine the Eigenvalue and Eigenvector directly from stress tensor >> A=[50 -20 0; -20 80 60; 0 60 -70] >> e=eig(A) or >>[v,d]=eig(A) Step 4: To solve principal direction, say , Substitute the value of into Eq. (1.39) ,

Similarly, when the other principal stresses above equation, we can have:

are inserted in the

Example 1.8 Determine the principal stress and principal planes for the following stress tensor from Ansys: Ansys (List results) 102 -10 20 -30 15 -35 -25

Soln

Step 1: Stress tensor: Step 2: Calculate three stress invariants:

Step 3: Solve for >> a=[1 20 -2575 -38750] >> x=roots(a)

(Methods: Faculty Calculator, Matlab)