CHAPTER 7 Environment and Natural Resource Management 7.

1
Overview

The qualities of wastes are generally linked to the economic activity and resource consumption of a city. As the city becomes highly urbanized and more economically developed, its populace tend to use more resources and produce more wastes. The growth of human population as well as the vital activities being pursued daily by man - agricultural, industrial and economic activities - all contribute to the increasing consumption of the bounties of nature which puts pressure on the environment. Within ten (10) years or so, Toledo City may become highly urbanized. The city will then begin to feel the enormous pressure on its natural resource base because of the development and economic needs of its population. It is therefore important to guide the development and economic activity of the city in such a manner that sustainable development is attained.

7.2

Creation of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office ( CENRO)

There is an impending need of for the city to create the and Natural City

Environment and Natural Resources Office for the management and effective implementation Environment Resources Programs. The City CENRO shall among others undertake the following: a) Supervise forest and forestland management and recommend the issuance of appropriate tenurial instruments and land use sub-agreements. b) Promote mangrove reforestration and habitat development in coordination with the City Agricultural Services.

c) Promote environmental sustainability on the upland areas. d) Promote proper solid waste management.
e) Recommend policies relative to air and water pollution and monitor discharges of air and water pollutants.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

147

f) Lead, direct concerned implementation g) Facilitate participation livelihoods.

and of

coordinate activities sector as in

with in the

the the

communities planning of

and and the

Barangay

Captains

co-management and to

Environmental Management Plan. private as participation provide community alternative well assistance

h) Perform such other functions as may be necessary.

7.3

Sapangdaku Environmental Management Program 7.3.a Overview

Through the years, the Sapangdaku River formerly known as

the Hinulawan has provided significant contributions in history and economic activity of the City of Toledo. The former town pueblo was located within the vicinity of the mouth of Sapangdaku River which was transferred to its present location. With the construction boom of Cebu City, the Sapangdaku River became a primary source of sand and gravel. It provided livelihood opportunities and generated revenues to the barangays, the city and to the province. However, due to sporadic and disastrous sand and gravel extraction, the Sapangdaku River Basin has been seriously damaged and became a threat to lives and properties. It is a fact that several lives were lost, infrastructures were damaged and private properties were destroyed. On 1996, a fish kill that reached as far as the Municipality of Tuburan attributed to the high flush of acidic water along the Sapangdaku River. The Sapangdaku Environmental Management Program is an important planning tool in addressing the problem of environmental deterioration of the Sapandaku River and its tributaries. It also provides the framework for its sustainable development for the protection and development of the community.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

148

7.3.b

Goals and Objectives

The Sapangdaku Watershed Environmental Management Plan aims to fulfill the following goals and objectives: Goals: To rehabilitate and stabilize the protection forest areas and the Sapangdaku River bank which will mitigate impact on disasters and natural calamities; To increase supply of food and fiber products and to generate additional sources of income and livelihood that help in the economic upliftment of the Toledanos; To generate additional sources of funds that can be used by the City of Toledo for improving environmental management and the city; conservation activities of

To provide security of tenure to claimants or stakeholders along the Sapangdaku Waterhsed;

To establish and enduring partnership between the City of Toledo, the DENR, the permittees, forestland users and all other stakeholders in promoting the sustainable use of the Sapangdaku Watershed; At the end of ten (10) years, it is expected that the plan will be

able to accomplish the following specific objectives: To increase 100 hectares of forest cover along Sapangdaku Watershed; To rehabilitate 10 km of the Sapangdaku River bank To develop Sapangdaku River as River Park To To issue sub-agreements/tenurial the 22 barangays of rights and to all legitimate claimants, farmers and tenants; educate the other stakeholders and regarding benefits sustainable development

become supportive of the program.

c)

Rehabilitation, Protection and Development of Sapangdaku River

The Sapangdaku River is a valuable natural asset of the city. It is the source of irrigation water for the rice farms of Cambang-ug and Canlumampao. Its sand and gravel has been considered as Class A

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

149

and a major source for filling materials of Cebu Reclamation projects and raw materials for building construction. However, the Sapangdaku River has been greatly damaged due to sporadic and illegal extraction of Sand and Gravel, the denuded forestland areas and human activity in upland areas. If left attended, the river will bring disaster to the community.

7.3.c

Strategies

Reforestration and Stabilization of River Banks

The non observance of easement areas by some permittees

further enlarged the width of Sapangdaku River. River banks have been eroded and brought damage to properties and to rice farms along Cambang-ug and Canlumampao. River banks should be planted with forest trees or bamboo grasses to strenghthen soil stability.

River Rechanneling
Permittees along the Sapangdaku River shall be allowed to

conduct the rechanneling activity. The reference point shall be the center of the flood control dike and extend 40 meters on both sides. Beyond the 40 meters are considered as river easement and shall not be quarried. Monitoring team must frequently monitor the area and recommend possible sanctions for violations of the Environmental Compliance.

Water Quality Control

Crushing plants in the area shall have a water treatment pond or silting ponds for the waste water before throwing it to the river. The existing multi-tripartite monitoring team shall frequently conduct water quality monitoring on the different sampling station.

Flood Control
A flood control structure shall be constructed along the side of Daanlungsod and Dumlog towards the mouth of Sapangdaku. With the existing industries and communities living in the area, it is necessary to protect the areas against possible overflowing of the river. The City Engineering shall prepare the necessary Program of Work for the construction of the flood control dikes.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

150

 Desiltation of Sapangdaku Delta

Large mineral deposits are found beyond the 1 km protected zone along the Sangi-Dumlog Bridge towards the mouth of Sapangdaku River. The Taon Strait which is the end depository of these minerals is a fishing ground. Manual desiltation shall be given considerations for more employment of laborers. The waste materials derived from desiltation activity shall be sold to prospective buyers. The proceeds of the sale shall be used to finance the environmental preservation of the Sapangdaku Watershed.

Development of Sapangdaku River Park

The desiltation of the mouth of the Sapangdaku River is also necessary to pave the way in the establishment of the Sapangdaku River Park. The presence of migratory birds such as egret and olango demonstrate the presence of ecological life. Mangrove areas shall be reforested. The development of the Sapangdaku River Park promotes eco-tourism activity such as the development of floating cottages, boating and recreational fishing. The river island could be used as green parks with the river banks could be used as a marathon lane and for other recreation.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

151

ACTIVITIES
1. Reforestation and Revegetation of denuded areas including adoption of SALT techniques, planting of bamboo grasses and trees along river banks, creeks and steep slopes, and enhanced the growth of favored species. 2. Socio Economic and Livelihood Development (Skills Trainings on Bamboo furinitures and Fish culture, Fish Cage Dev., Livelihood Assistance) 3. Property Rights and Support System (Boundary Delienation, issuance of tenurial rights and sub-agreements) 4. Technical and Infrastructure Support (Rehab/Maintenance of Dumlog - Canlumampao - Bagakay Road, Opening/Rehab. of Farm to Market Roads. 5. Policy and Legislative Support (Enactment of Wildlife Preservation Ordinance, etc.)

YEAR 6

10

I. REHABILITATION/CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MALUBOG RIVER BASIN

II. REHABILITATION/STABILIZATION & DEV. OF SAPANGDAKU RIVER

1. Reforestation and Vegetation of Sapangdaku River banks 2. Flood Control 3. River rechanelling 4. Desiltation of Sapangdaku Delta 5. Development of Sapangdaku River Park III. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 1. Enforcement of Waste Segregation at Source 2. Information, Communication and Education 3. Establishment of Barangay MRF IV. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Strenghten Steering Committee, Creation of City ENR Office 2. Creation of Barangay Environmental Security Team 3. Community Organizing 4. Organizing Community stakeholders V. EDUCATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION 1. Conduct Pulong-pulong, seminars and other promotion activities 2. Formation of Multi-Sectoral Monitoring Team 3. Lobbying for inclusion of environmental project at the Barangay Budget 4. Conduct Investment Forum on the proposed eco-tourism project.

Fig. 7.01 The 10-Year Sapangdaku Environmental Work Plan, Toledo City

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

152

7.3.d

Sapangdaku Environmental Management Board

The Sapangdaku Environmental Board shall be the responsible agency for the policy formulation and implementation of the Sapangdaku Environmental Management Plan. follows: The organizational

structure with its corresponding responsibilities is described as

Accountabilities of the Board: a) Issue sub-agreements or venture contracts and other subagreements with private individuals, cooperatives, corporations or government agencies for the protection and management of any portion of the project, provided, that these shall not be interpreted as permanent substitute for permits/licenses that may be issued by the DENR and other agencies; b) Organize, deputize and support the operation of a multisectoral task force to monitor and evaluate the impact of local actions along the Sapangdaku Waterhsed;

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

153

c) Review on

and endorse

to

DENR prepared

the

application the

for

the

issuance of ECC or CNC pursuant to DAO No. 2003-30, based Project Description from Sapangdaku Environmental Management Plan; and

d) Select and appoint a competent and

technically qualified

person that will head the Project Management Unit for the implementation of the Sapangdaku Environmental Management Plan.

Participation of other stakeholders, IEC

The program like participation of other would Power stakeholders be an such as Water in the and

Remind, KAKASAKA Sugbo, the Department of Education with their Kahoy Festival Toledo are the opportunity sustainable development in the upland barangays. Some industries ACMDC, AFC, Officials of Corporation, partners NIA, NGOs in Barangay Plan. also potential the effective Management

implementation

Sapangdaku

Environmental

7.4

Toledo City Coastal Resources Management Plan 7.4.a Scope of the Plan
The Toledo City Coastal Resources Management Plan

provides the framework for the sustainable management of coastal resources of the eleven (11) coastal barangays of the city. It provides a definite physical framework to integrate the concerns of productivity, equity and ecological balance. The continuum of interrelated ecosystem from headwaters in the forestlands, the downstream areas of lowlands, to the coastal base and adjacent bays are being considered in the plan.

7.4.b Coastal Environmental Profile

On January 12 to 23, 2004, the Toledo City Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment was conducted on the 11 coastal barangays of the city, namely: Bato, Cabitoonan, Calong-Calong, Dumlog, Ibo, Luray II, Poblacion, Daanlungsod, Dumlog, Talavera and Sto. Nio. It was purposely undertaken to appraise the status of marine habitats, physico-chemical parameters, plankton

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

154

productivity and socio-economic status of the fisherfolk. Likewise, the result of the survey will be the basis in the selection of feasible sites for the establishment of fish sanctuaries and policy formulation coastal necessary FARMC, to achieve the goals on CRM. Dagat, The City assessment was participated by the Barangay Captains of the areas, CAFC, fisherfolks, Bantay Agricultural Services, City Mayors Office with technical assistance from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources ( DENR).

7.4.c

Goals and Objectives:

1. Eliminate all forms of illegal fishing. 2. Establish additional fish sanctuaries in every barangay. 3. Establish tourist and public bathing zone. 4. Establish and rehabilitate coastal and marine resources ( mangrove, coral reefs, seagrasses, fishes) 5. Provide skills training for fisherfolks on cottage industries. 6. Strengthen the Solid Waste Management Program of the city. 7. Provide/establish coastal zonation. 8. Conduct para-legal training for fisherfolks.

9. Formulate ordinances relative to Pollution Control Law. 7.4.d Organizational Development:

The Toledo City Coastal Resources Management Plan will be implemented by the Toledo Coastal and Fisheries Management Board below: based on the following organizational set-up as shown

City Mayor

SP

TWG For CRM City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Bantay Dagat

Barangay Officials 155

7.4.e Composition of TWG for CRM:

1) City Agricultural Services 2) SP Chairman, Committee on Agriculture and Fisheries 3) City Planning and Development Office 4) City ENRO 5) BFAR 6) FARMC 7) CENRO 8) CAFC 9) Eleven (11) Barangay Captains of Coastal Areas 10) Bantay Dagat 11) Peoples Organization/Fisherfolks Organization/Women/Youth 12) Police Environment Desk Officer/MARINA/Coast Guard 13) Private Sector/Toledo Power Company 14) City Tourism Office 15) NGO/Ms. Toledo Foundation

7.4.f

The Coastal Resources Management Plan I. Habitat Management

Our coastal system is divided into ecosystem distinct

biological systems formed by

the interaction of a community of

organisms with its environment. The three major ecosystems are : Sea Grass, Mangrove and Coral Reef.

a) Sea Grass Beds Protection

o Dredging and filling should generally be avoided in areas dominated by sea grass beds. When these activities take place in contiguous areas, care should be taken to ensure silt is not transported into the seagrass beds. This can be achieved by use of various devices called silt barriers and by a dredging strategy that ensures that nearshore circulation and tidal currents move the silt away form the seagrass areas. o Coastal engineering works (e.g. piers ) that significantly alter circulation patterns shold be designed to prevent or

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

156

minimize either erosion or deposition to nearby seagrass areas. o Present wastes o liquid waste disposal procedures should be reviewed and modified where need to prevent harmful (industrial effluents, urban runoff, bilge water pumping, etc.) from entering seagrass areas. Trawling practices and other damaging capture fishery activities should be modified to minimize damage to seagrass beds during fishing operations. The most effective means would be to ban bottom brawling from the seabeds where seagrass meadows occur. o Water diversion schemes which change natural salinity should take into account the effect on seagrass can be communities and associated organismsThis

achieved through siting measures, a monitoring program and development of oil spill contingency plan. o Seagrass beds should be identified and mapped in a resource inventory before any of the above kinds of projects and activities are approved

b) Mangrove Protection and Management

With the co-management agreement signed between the City of Toledo and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the co-mangement of timberland areas of the city including the lowland mangrove areas, the city will enter into subagreements with individuals and community organization for the protection and development of mangrove areas. Fishpond lease holders shall be urged to have a mangrove buffer zone for their fishpond areas.

c) Coral Reef Protection

Identified coral reefs shall be protected and conserved especially along Calong-Calong and Cabitoonan. Coastal law enforcement shall be strictly implemented especially the gathering and commercial selling of corals.

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

157

d) Establishment of Marine Sanctuaries

Additional sanctuaries will be established for the conversion of coral reefs.The coastal line along Calong-Calong and Cabitoonan are feasible area for the establishment of sanctuaries. II. III. IV. Fisheries Management* Coastal Toursim Management* Zonation and Shoreline Management*

*Discussed in Chapter 5-Economic Sector

V.

Enterprise Management

The city has established marine sanctuaries and fishery reserve at Barangay Bato , Matab-ang and Maiingit. These areas are being managed by the city with the assistance of fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat. However, these areas through are being considered for enterprise development. The city No. 2005-08 has provided a sharing scheme for Ordinance

income and revenues derived in the operation of the marine sanctuaries in which 70% will go to the city, 20% to the barangay and 10% to the Bantay Dagat. The city will collect users/entrance fees for the use of the marine sanctuaries as follows: Students Local Foreigner P 5.00 25.00 50.00

The fees will be increased by 10% for every year.

VI.

Watershed Management

The local government unit and DENR are mandated to share the responsibility in the protection and conservation of the natural environment for the general welfare and development of the community. Several programs are being implemented to protect the environment. However , there is a need for a long range strategic planning to forecast sustainability of development. In this instance, the watershed approach has been used as a planning tool.

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

158

With the partnership of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources ( DENR) and the Philippine Environmental Governance ( ECOGOV), the city was able to formulate the Forestland Land Use Plan. With the adoption of the Forestland Use Plan by the Sangguniang Panlungsod, the city and the DENR signed a Co-Management Agreement to co-manage the forest lands.

City of Toledo Page Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

159

7.5

Toledo City Forest Land Use Plan , 7.5.a Goals and Objectives:

2005-2009

To close open access forestlands by providing tenurial instruments to the community or to individual stakeholders; To rehabilitate, preserve and develop the Sapangdaku Watershed including the Malubog and Sigpit Dams and the Sapangdaku River; To come up with a concrete and doable management plan which will develop the natural resources of the city; and To provide opportunities for long-term investment in forest resources and eco-tourism ares. It is anticipated that within the next 5 years, beginning in 2005, implementation of the Plan would lead to the following:

1) Closure of open access conditions on all the 5,000

hectares of unallocated forestlands by negotiating a Co-Management agreements occupants, with Agreement over 17,000 and with DENR and of the actual sector issuance of appropriate tenurial instruments or subhouseholds other of the communities private

development investors; 2) Community-based protection existing 1,050 hectares of forest cover and development of more protection and production forest cover for production of water, firewood, charcoal, timber , development of and and mechanisms accountable natural for of ecotourism, and conservation fo biological diversity;

3) Establishment
participatory, environment sectoral

transparent, forestland

forest a nd

management through : (a) creation of a multi-sectoral resources council; (b)multiforest protection committee, (c) multi-sectoral

resource conflicts mediation committee; (d) strenghthening of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office; and (e) preparation of development and investment plans for the various sub-allocated forestlands, and

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 160

4) Promulgation of supportive local policy/ordinances and

incentives that induce private and public sector investments in local forest and forestlands management.

7.5.b

Existing Allocation of Forest Lands

Table 7.1 below highlights the forestlands that are not covered by any form of tenure, reservation, special use permits as per records by CENRO-DENR. However, there are 994 hectares of forestlands within the Atlas Mining claim, but which has not been reflected at the recores of the Toledo City CENRO-DENR.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 161

TABLE 7.1 Allocation of Forest Lands Toledo City

Forestland BARANGAY 1. Campo 8 2. Bunga 3. Capt. Claudio 4. Gen. Climaco 5. Matab-ang 6. Cantabaco 7. Poblacion 8. Cabitoonan 9. Bulongan 10.Ibo 11.Dumlog 12.Talavera 13.Bagakay 14.Loay 15.Tungkay 16.Media Once 17.Pangamihan 18.DAS 19.Biga 20.Daanlungsod 21.Luray II
Total

(Has.) 79 313 855 662 50 684 33 10 210 42 13 36 430 543 330 137 358 235 954 10 10 5,994

Allocated Forestlands (Has.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0

5

Unallocated Forestlands (Has.) 79 313 855 662 50 684 33 10 210 42 13 36 430 543 330 137 358 235 954 10 10 5,994

06 0 0 0 0 0 0
7

08
9

Note: ( xn ) -There are no existing records at ther DENR but there is some actual allocation of the area. 01 About 35 hectares are allocated for CBFMA as per Schema Report on Toledo City Master Development Plan. 02 Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining Fishpond area has been leased from 03 BFAR Fishpond area has been leased from 04 BFAR 05 Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining 06 Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining 07 Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining 08 0
9

Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining Some areas are part of the mining claim of Atlas Mining

7.5 c Recommended Sub-Allocation of Open Access Areas City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) Page 162

Under the FLUP, closure of open access conditions is proposed to be achieved by placing all forestlands under a 25-year renewable CoManagement Agreement between the City Government and the DENR. The Co-Management Agreement is provided under DENR-DILG Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2003-01 which entitles the city government to issue sub-agreements to various forestland users, actual occupants and other investors alike. TABLE 7.2 Proposed LGU-DENR Co-Management Areas As of January 12, 2004
Industrial/Commercial Co-Management Area

Production Forest

Protection Forest

Mineral Lands

Agroforestry

Institutional

Agricultural

Ecotourism

Residential

Settlement

Fishpond

Grazing

Barangays

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Bagakay Biga Bulongan Bunga Cabitoonan Campo 8 Cantabaco Capt. Claudio Daanlungsod DAS Dumlog Gen. Climaco Ibo Loay Luray II Matab-ang Media Once Pangamihan Poblacion Talavera Tungkay TOTAL

402 145 210 313 10 79 684 855 10 141 13 662 42 500 10 50 137 358 33 36 310 5000

24 35 20 13 4 14 49 10

40

40 32

106 33 46 94 20 51 201 82 104

57 32 51 7 20 116 177

2 25 10 10 13 13 20 23

50 100

135 13 113 179 1 20 308 267 49

2 5 34 30

1 15 50

188 34

45

6 20 2

7 35

5 62

53 107 5 5 13 176 24 13 144 33 130 5 10 140 1099

60 3 43 788

370 16 304 8 50 84 191 7 114 2229

2 3 82 65

239

Source: Toledo City FLUP TWG

7.5.d Prioritization of Watersheds and Sub-Waterhseds for Allocation, Management and Investment

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 163

As part of the process of prioritizing rehabilitation, preservation, development and promoting investments among the watersheds of the city, the FLUP Technical Working Group composed of barangay captains, ECOGOV specialists, representatives from the CENRO-DENR and other members of the teams painstakingly developed a set of criteria for evaluating and ranking the different watersheds and subwatersheds. The criteria which were expressed in terms of Bio-diversity value, Hydrological value, set will Economic answer value, also the Protection questions and which Infrastructure are Investments, with the Protection of Lives and Properties and Aesthetic Value. The criteria that is consistent objectives of the FLUP, namely: Which watersheds are servicing the largest A & D areas that could potentially increase agricultural production? Which watersheds contain and therefore the most dense of infrastructures such as irrigation sytems, roads, bridges, domestic water systems and the like? Which watersheds have high population density expressed in number of persons per hectare? Which watersheds urgently need rehabilitation and protection to minimize anticipated destruction in A & D areas, infrastructures and settlements?

Which

watershed

have

the

most

forest

cover

that will need

immediate protection and management?

TABLE 7.3 WATERSHED RANKING AND PRIORITIZATION TOLEDO CITY

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 164

Sapangdaku

Cabiangon

Matab-ang

WEIGHT

Talavera

Mainggit

Dumlog

Tajao

Ibo

CRITERA

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Bio-diversity Hydrological Economic Protection of Infrastructure & Investments Protection of Lives & Properties Aesthetic Total

15% 15% 30% 10% 25% 5% 100%

13 13 26 9 22 4 87

9 11 19 1 6 3 49

11 9 23 8 19 3 72

4 6 15 6 17 2 48

15 15 30 10 25 5 100

8 4 11 5 13 1 41

6 8 8 4 9 4 37

2 2 4 3 3 6 13

RANK
Source: Toledo City FLUP TWG

2nd

4th

3rd

5th

6th

7th

8th

7.5.e Forest Lands and A & D Areas

The City of Toledo has 38 barangays in which 21 barangays are having forestland areas. Table 7.4 shows the Timberland Areas of the city with their corresponding areas for timberland, alienable and disposable areas and the % distribution of the area.

TABLE 7.4 Timberland Areas of Toledo City

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 165

Name of Barangay 1. Bagakay 2. Biga 3. Bunga 4. Bulongan 5. Cantabaco 6. Campo 8 7. Capt. Claudio 8. Cabitoonan 9. DAS 10. Dumlog 11. Daanlungsod 12. Gen. Climaco 13. Ibo 14. Luray II 15. Loay 16. Matab-ang 17. Media Once 18. Pangamihan 19. Poblacion 20. Talavera 21. Tungkay TOTAL

Timberland (has.) 430 954 313 210 684 79 855 10 325 13 10 662 42 10 543 50 137 358 33 36 330 5,994

A & D (has.) 618 416 248 1062 436 164 645 511 884 204 187 617 291 149 429 853 1251 69 204 700 33 9,703

TL 7.17 15.91 5.22 3.5 11.41 1.32 14.26 0.17 3.93 0.22 0.17 11.04 0.7 0.17 9.06 0.83 2.28 5.97 0.55 0.6 5.5 100%

A&D 5.34 3.59 4.14 9.17 3.76 1.42 5.57 4.41 7.63 1.76 1.61 5.33 2.51 1.29 3.7 5.03 10.8 0.60 1.76 6.04 0.28 100%

7.5. f Comparative Analysis of Watershed

To have a general overview of the different watersheds of the city, the eight watersheds have compared in terms of its influence and area of coverage, population, hazard area, disadvantages and the socioeconomic opportunities, livelihood activities, road density and the investments required. The eight watersheds in Toledo City are as follows: a. Mainggit Waterhsed b. Matab-ang Watershed c. Talavera Watershed d. Dumlog Watershed e. Sapangdaku Watershed f. Ibo Watershed g. Tajao Watershed h. Cabaiangon Watershed

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 166

Results of the comparative analysis are shown below in Figure 7.02.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 167

Fig. 7.02 Comparative Analysis of Watersheds

Comparative Analysis of Watersheds PARAMETER
Land Area of Influence A & D (ha) Forestland (ha) Total (ha) jurisdiction of the city. It covers some part of Capt. Claudio, Matab-ang, Sto. Nio. Head water source can be found in Capt. Claudio & drains towards the boundary of Balamban. Water Source Hazard Area Total Population Livelihood Activities Level I,II, Flashflood occurs at the lowlevel 6210 Local folks primarily depend on fishing Level I,II,III Flashfloods occur at some 3412 Illegal logging, kaingin system and bamboo furniture making can be found in upland areas. Road Density Infra investment irrigation system Open Access Bridges 1 572 has 3 1 30 has 2 None 36 has 2 None 316 has 2 0.003 0.003 Level I,II,III Flooding along the river 4739 Farming, fishing, employees are common livelihood of the local folks, 0.003 8,506 Local folks primarily dpends on fishing & farming. Others were vendors, laborer, driver, mechanic, etc. 0.003 314 572 886 The whole area is within the The entire area is found within the LGU. Head water serves Matab-ang and Capt. Claudio for their irrigation. 682 30 712 The entire area is found within the LGU. Forestal area can be found in Talavera. 623 36 659 The whole area is within the jurisdiction of the city. It covers some part of Capt. Claudio, Talavera, Dumlog, Carmen, Putingbato & Gen, Climaco. Head water source can be found Gen. Climaco & Putingbato & drains towards the coastal areas of Talavera and Dumlog. Level I,II,III 1,482 316 1,798

Mainggit

Matab-ang

Talavera

Dumlog

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

168

- Continuation of Comparative Analysis of Watersheds

PARAMETER
Socio-economic Opportunities

Mainggit
It serves one Communal Irrigation Project at Sto. Nio, Capt. Claudio. The presence of natural features such as caves, mountains. Mainggit River is heavily silted. Water source is endangered because of illegal cutting of trees at the upland areas.

Matab-ang
It serves one CIP in the area. The presence of Lucob cave & other natural features such as mountains. Tubod water catchment can be tapped for mountain spring resort. Unregulated water extraction and insufficient drainage system.

Talavera
The existence of Coastal Resources Management Plan which covers the protection of mangrove areas. Endangered water source and unregulated water extraction in all barangays. Establishment of residential buildings on coastal forest zones without permit.

Dumlog
The presence of mangrove areas and reforestation project at Capt. Claudio. The existence of coastal resources mgt. Program is another advantage The vast tract of lowlands which is affected by the mines tailings disposal can be converted into industrial zone considering the viability and proximity of the area to the urban center and to the coastal zone. Dumlog river is heavily silted. Water source is endangered because of illegal cutting of trees at the upland areas.

Disadvantages

Investment-requirement . Rehabilitation . Development . Protection . Livelihood . IEC . Infra Dev. . Community Organizing Highest elevation Lowest elevation Required do do do do do do Required do do do do do do Required do do do do do do Required do do do do do do 300 masl 10 masl

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

169

- Continuation of Comparative Analysis of Watersheds

PARAMETER
Socio-economic Opportunities

SAPANGDAKU
The rehabilitation and reforestation project of the Atlas Commission. The presence of Malubog and Sigpit Dam which can be tapped for potable water source, irrigation and other purposes.The presence of National Irrigation Administration and the abundant source of filling materials. Ecotourism development is a potential source of income along Barangay Cantabaco, Bagakay, Gen. Climaco and the Atlas Mines. Unregulated Sand and Gravel extraction, insufficient drainage system w/c cause the overflowing of the Sapangdaku River is dangerous. The wear & fear of the foundation of the Malubog Dam might pose grave danger to the community in the lowlands. The flow of acidic water along the Malubog Dam and the Sapangdaku River and the improper waste disposal might destroy the ecosystem of the area. Required do do do do do do 670 masl 10 masl

IBO
The existence of Coastal Resources Management Plan which covers the protection of mangrove areas. The development of eco-tourism areas such as river parks, beaches and barangay mangroves forest parks are potential source of income for local communities.

TAJAO
N/A

CABIANGON
N/A

Disadvantages

Endangered water source and unregulated extraction of Sand and Gravel along the beaches. Conversion of mangrove areas into other purposes such as residential, commercial memorial parks, etc. barangays.

Investment-requirement . Rehabilitation . Development . Protection . Livelihood . IEC . Infra Dev. . Community Organizing Highest elevation Lowest elevation

Required do do do do do do

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

170

7.6

Air Quality 7.6.a Overview

Air Pollution is the presence of undesirable materials in air, in

quantities large enough to produce harmful effects. This may result to damage in human health, vegetation, human property, or the global environment. Air contaminants will also affect aesthethic conditions in the form of brown or hazy air or unpleasant smells. The principal sources of these pollutants are human activities. Air pollution sources are : 1) combustion stationary sources ( such as power stations and industrial plants, incineration of wastes, open burning of agricultural wastes, and forest fires) and forest fires), 2) combustion mobile sources, 3) land use changes and agricultural activities ( change of forest land into farmland, change of grassland into farmland, and increasing consumption of fertilizer , 3) eruption of volcano, 4) regional war and oil well fire and 5) indoor air pollution.

7.6. b Issues and Concerns

Like any other cities in the country, the city of Toledo is also faced with the problem of air pollution, though not big in magnitude as the cities of Cebu and Mandaue. The proliferation of diesel-fed public utility vehicles such as jeepneys and tricycles can be considered as contributing to air pollution.

7.6 c Air Pollution Control Programs

a. Conduct of air quality monitoring in urban roads of the city b. Maintaining city roads through regular asphalting, cementing and patching. Asphalting or cementing dirt roads in the barangays particulary farm-to-market roads. c. Coordinating with the DPWH for proper maintenance of national roads; d. Gradual switching to non-diesel fuel for public utility vehicles; e. Partial shifting of transportation mode from motor tricycle cabs to light jeepneys or multi-cabs; f. Regular monitoring of industrial plants operating in the city for air quality;

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 171

g. Control

on

the rampant

practice of

burning

solid

waste

through a systematic waste collection system and disposal in a properly managed and operated sanitary landfill;

h. Banning of the kaingin farming practices of the hinterland

folks and regular monitoring of their activities.

7.7

Solid Waste Management Plan

Toledo City has developed this plan to support its decision-making process and in compliance with Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) and its Implementing Rules and Regulation (DA No. 2001-34). Furthermore, Toledo City is identified as a focal point for development under the Cebu Integrated Area Development Master Plan Study (CIADMPS) formulated in 1993. Since it is a gateway of the people from the cities of Canlaon, Bacolod and San Carlos in going to Cebu City, the city is considered as priority development area for roll-on roll-off vessel development under the Nautical Highway Development of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. developments. The plan defines the different roles and functions of Toledo City in active collaboration with the different barangays. It captures specific activities such as segregation, re-use, recycling and composting; collection and transport of waste and establishment of MRF as well as disposal sites. This 10-year plan will become the framework for all subsequent actions and decisions in addressing Solid Waste Management of Toledo City. Consistent with the Comprehensive Development Plan of Toledo City, the plan defines the overall framework for the present and future utilization of resources that will serve as strategic guide for every decisions made in delivering Solid Waste Management services to the people of Toledo. The plan will guide planners, policy makers and future local chief executives into a systematic approach of improving the quality of services and public utilities that benefit the entire constituency. Toledo City is a second class city that belongs to the 3rd District of Cebu Province. The greatest hurdle in complying RA 9003 is the disposal system. The plan includes the closure of the existing disposal site and the development of a ten (10) hectares area in Barangay Putingbato into a standard Sanitary Landfill cum Ecological Park and Botanical Garden. This will become the centerpiece of Hence, the city braces itself to maintain its ecological integrity in balancing these anticipated

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 172

Toledos Solid Waste Management initiative that the current administration is actively pursuing. With limited budget it is imperative then that Toledo must rationalize and integrate solid waste management in its development agenda for sustainability. Thus, the plan will identify the following: Area of esme The following has been identified as the current area being served by solid waste collection. scheme. Figure 7.03 represents the current service Doable strategies targeting community participation in addressing Priority actions and interventions necessary for the initial Rational institutional arrangements for sustainable the solid waste problem; implementation of the plan; implementation; Integrate Transparency, Accountability and Participatory elements in every aspect of the plan for good governance.

Figure 7.03 Solid Waste Collection Scheme of Toledo City

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 173

7.7.a Creation of the Solid Waste Management Board

The Toledo City Solid Waste Management Board was created and is composed of the following: a. The City Local Chief Executive- Chairman of the Board b. SP Chairman Committee on Public Services-Vice-Chairman c. SP Chairman Committee on Health- Member d. SP Chairman Committee on Tourism - Member
e.

SP Chairman Committee on Barangay Affairs- Member SP Chairman Committee on Education Member

f.

g. SP Chairman Committee on Peace and Order-Member h. SP Chairman Committee on Laws - Member i. j. l. City Health Officer City Public Services Officer City Engineer

k. Chief of Police m. Division Schools Superintendent n. NGO Business Sector - 2 Representatives o. NGO - Religious Sector - 2 Representatives p. NGO - Industrial Sector - 2 Representatives q. Chairperson, SK Federation r. City Legal Officer

7.7.b Inventory of Major Waste Source by Category & Sub-Category

Category/Sub-category 1. Total Sector (Previous) Total Sector (Revised) Total Sample Size

Food 1 2 3 4 5
2.

Establishments Restaurants Eateries *Food stalls *Bakeries Others

10 160 200

10 110 130 15

2 4 6

General Stores 1 Malls 2 Department Stores 3 *General Merchandize 4 Groceries 5 Hardware 6 Sari-sari stores 7 Small stalls

25 15 250 80

25 20 15 505 170

4 1 2 3

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 174

- Continuation of Inventory of Major Waste Source by Category & Sub-Category

8 3. Other business establishments (agri products N

4.

Industries 1 Large 2 Medium 3 Small Institutions 1 Banks, pawnshops, lending centers 2 Large schools 3 Medium schools 4 Small Schools 5 Large churches 6 Small churches 7 Big government offices 8 Medium government offices 9 Small government offices

1 1 5

2 2 4

2 1

5.

20 4 50 2 9 5 4 4 8 3

20 4 43 4 8 20 4 4 8

1 3 1 1 1

**Public Market Large Medium Small

6.

1 1 1

7.

Recreation Centers 1 Cinemas 2 Sports Centers 3 Disco, pub, others Residential

N 1 8 (15,607)

0 2 8

0 1

5 1 2 3 7. High Medium Low 156 10 1561 20 13,890

6 15 14

8. 9.

Service Centers 1 Parlors, barbers, tailors, upholstery 2 Memorial homes 3 Terminal 4 Junk shops 5 Printing and copying services 6 Hotels 7 Lodgings 8 Video, internet and computer shops Slaughterhouse Special Wastes 1 Machine shops 2 Repair shops 3 Big hospitals 4 Medium Hospitals 5 Clinics 6 Gasoline stations 7 Drug stores 8 Battery Shops,Iron Works,Glass Supply 1 ***Usual route (Mixed Waste, All Sources) Total

47 5 1 4 1 N 9 7 2

47 5 1 6 5 9 7 2

3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4 35 1 15 7 10

2 10 1 15 5 10 6 8

1 1 1 1 1 1 84

10.

Fig. 7.04 Major Waste Source of Toledo City

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 175

7.7.c SWM Option analysis

Potential options for solid waste management are structured sequentially by stages as shown in the decision tree. . The decision tree formulated by the Board and TWG/CSWMB provides a summary of all possible options that are potentially applicable to Toledo City. All possible options were processed using a two-step screening methodology. These steps are: short listing and descriptive analysis. Capability and acceptability are the primary criteria for assessing the decision tree. The exclusion process is done by consensus. The discussions resulted into recommended options per stage by the Board and TWG after eliminating other options, (those that did not pass the evaluation by elimination criteria of step 1 analysis).

Possible Options and Criteria for selection:

Stage 1. Two likely options for Waste Reduction at Source:

A. Incentive-base source reduction B. Control and regulation

Stage 2. Four options for Temporary Storage, Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes:

C. Barangays collects re-usable, recyclable, and compostable

materials; LGU collects and transfers residuals;

D. Barangays collects re-usable, recyclable, and compostable

materials; LGU contracts collection and transfer;

E. Barangays contracts collects re-usable, recyclable, and

compostable materials; LGU contracts collection and transfer;

F. LGU collects separately collects segregated wastes

Stage 3. Five options for Materials Recovery Facility Development and Operations:

G. Barangay operates materials recovery facility; H. Barangay contracts operation of materials recovery facility; I. J.
Barangays co-manages MRF of a cluster of barangays; LGU consolidates and operates materials recovery for all barangays; and

K. LGU contracts a consolidated materials recovery facility.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 176

Stage 4. Four options for Disposal Management:

L.

LGU manages controlled dump and converts to sanitary landfill;

M. LGU contract to convert controlled dump to private management

of landfill;

N. Joint venture arrangement for sanitary landfill management; and O. Clustering with adjacent LGUs for sanitary landfill management.
The evaluative criteria to analyze options for Materials Recovery Facility Development and Operations: Administrative Efficiency of personnel Organizational Structure Equipment and Infrastructure Economic Cost Efficiency Revenue generation efficiency Employment Investment requirements Environment Pollution Sanitation Political Public acceptability Public relations Social Culture and behavior Waste management patterns Institutional arrangements Others Community acceptability Technical efficiency Environmental soundness Meets minimum standards prescribed by law Economic/Cost efficiency Administrative efficiency Fig. 7.05 below illustrates the Decision Tree of Option Anlaysis utilized by the Solid Waste Management Board.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 177

Fig. 7.05 Decision Tree for Option Analysis

Decision Tree for Option Analysis

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

178

7.7. d

Goals

To ensure public health protection and safety through the proper disposal and management of solid waste; To promote natural resource preservation and ecological balance by preventing wasteful use of resources and reducing pollution through recycling, reuse and reduction at source of solid waste;

To strengthen the capability of the city government to effectively and efficiently carry out its SWM mandate as per RA 9003.

7.7.e

Specific Objectives of the 10-Year Plan

The plan will provide Mechanism and Implementing Frameworks: to fully enforce waste segregation system at all sources 2007; to reduce by at least 25% of the total waste disposal by end of 2008; to increase awareness and peoples participation on Solid Waste to protect the quality of ground water and surface water from

Management up to the barangay level; leachate and run-off contamination through the operation of standard Sanitary Landfill cum Ecological Park and Botanical Garden to implement an improved collection and disposal system

to establish an operational City Material Recovery and Barangay MRF, by the end 2007 To implement and amend ordinances when deem necessary; To improve the efficiency of waste storage, collection, transport and disposal services; To improve revenue generation from SWM operations to help sustain the SWM program and reduce dependence on the citys budget.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

179

7.7.f
1. Engineering

Activities and Implementation Schedule (Fig. 7.06)

Engineering Component

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Stage I Design of receptacles for segregation Procurement of sack (sako bag?) Design practical compost bin for cluster barangay Deploy receptacles Installation of billboards Stage II Development and Implementation of collection scheme Procurement of mini dumptruck Design of garbage bill for collection and monitoring Procurement of Sound System Establish motor pool for maintenance Training of personnel Hiring of additional collection crew Stage III Design and Construction of CMRF Design and Construction of BMRF Design of composting facility Design mechanism for the operation of redemption center Linkage with other institutions Purchase of Composting tools and equipment like shredders, weighing scale,etc. Construction of composting facility including the purchase of African night crawlers Development and maintenance of nursery and demo gardens Operation of Composting facility Stage IV
Design of Sanitary Landfill

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

180

- Continuation of Activities and Implementation Schedule, Engineering Component

Hydrological studies by EMB Design and construction of Septic Vault Development and operation of SLF

2. IEC Activities IEC Activities

General

10-YEAR DURATION
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Create Barangay IEC Team Procurement of audio and video equipment Develop budget and seek funding Stage I Development of IEC Materials Coalition Building with NGOs, POs, etc for support Production of IEC Materials esp. jingle,slogans.. Field deployment of IEC Materials (posters, Billboards, handouts, etc.) Monitoring Stage II Redesign collection schedule Production of Collection Schedules Distribution of collection Schedules Field deployment of IEC Materials (posters, Billboards, handouts, etc.) Monitoring Stage III Development of IEC Materials on MRF Develop list of potential buyers Coalition Building with NGOs, POs, etc for support Development of IEC Materials for drop-off centers - Continuation of IEC Activities Development of IEC Materials for composting facility Continue involvement of schools

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

181

for composting demo sites Field deployment of IEC Materials (posters, Billboards, handouts, etc.) Stage IV Development of IEC Materials on SLF Coalition Building with NGOs, POs, etc for support Facilitate educational tour

3. Enforcement Activities Enforcement Activities 10-YEAR DURATION

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Review and pass ISWM Ordinance Identification of needed ordinances to be created Design of citation ticket Design mechanism for awards and incentives Convene SWMB and Enforcement Unit for briefing/planning Active Recruitment/replacement of deputized ISWM Bantay Basura Basic training for deputized Bantay Basura Training on apprehension for violators Continuous deployment and activation of Bantay Basura Monitoring and periodic evaluation

4. Entrepreneurship Activities

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

182

Entrepreneurship Activities

10-YEAR DURATION
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Barangay Resolution for the formation of BSWMC Stage I Imposition of fines and penalties Stage II Collection of Garbage Fee Entertaining of special trips with fee Stage III Capability building with TESDA and others Marketing of Compost Products Marketing of Recyclable Materials Marketing of Indigeneous products Stage IV Seek support/grants for being a Learning site

7.7.g

Two-Year Action Plan for the Solid Waste Management Plan

The 10 year ISWM Plan for Toledo City can be initiated following the two-year Action Plan. The highlight of the 10-year ISWM Plan for Toledo City is the operation of the Sanitary Landfill cum Ecological Park. Diversion technologies will be aggressively pursued. City MRF and the barangay MRFs will promote recycling and reuse while composting technology will compliment the operation of an organic farm and the ecological park.

The TWG has come up with different priority programs or activity critical for the implementation of the 10-year ISWM Plan. The following has been considered:

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

183

1. Massive Information and Education campaign will be done in the first two years. This includes the creation of the IEC Team to conduct training at the barangay level. Information on the program, its requirements, specifically waste segregation, method of storage, and schedule of collection, will be circulated extensively through the use of billboards and distribution of leaflets. Primary focus of the campaign is segregation at the household levels in the different barangays. 2. Training and seminars will be conducted on how to implement the tenyear ISWM program. This will require a considerable and concerted effort by the LGU and key government agencies. It is also important that the barangay officials be involved in campaign from the very start and that they be willing to make a substantial contribution to its implementation. 3. Toledo City will establish and operate the Sanitary Landfill cum Ecological Park;

4. Waste segregation and backyard composting shall be promoted in the 2nd

year. Likewise organic-demo farm will start operation to promote further the use of organic materials for agricultural production. This activity shall be complemented with provision of the communal garbage receptacles, in selected areas, which will be fabricated in the first quarter of the year; 5. To pursue reduction and diversion technology, Toledo City will construct a City MRF to be located at the Sanitary Landfill. The facility will include a composting area that will support an organic demo farm. The area will also serve as an ecological park that will enhance the image of Toledo City as a clean city; 6. To support and assist the different barangays in their SWM initiative, Toledo City will initiate the establishment barangay MRF at strategic purok in support of the segregation and reduction programs; 7. Monitoring scheme shall be developed and an appropriate database will be initiated. This will require acquisition of computer for databanking of relevant and essential data for ISWM to be housed at CENRO.

7.8

Toledo City Natural Resource Management Constraints

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

184

A close examination of the problems besetting that relate to resource basic management reveals the several development and concerns, increasing namely: (1) Lack of resource management technology; (2) Inadequate social services; (3) Upland denudation environmental degradation; (4) Inadequate transport facilities in the upland areas; (5) No LGU unit that handle environmental and natural resources concerns.

1.

Lack of Resource Management Technology

The lack of resource management technology could be brought about by the absence of a unit within the local government that handles the Environment and Natural Resources concerns. While the position of City Environment and Natural Officer has been created, it is not yet operational as it has to meet procedural and budgetary requirements. At present, only the City Agricultures Office are handling projects and programs related to resource utilization with the support and assistance of the City Mayors Office.

2.

Upland

Denudation

and

Increasing

Environmental

Degradation
Toledo City is faced with environmental problems in areas of erosion and forest denudation. Rainfall runoff and soil erosion threatens the sustained productivity of the large areas of sloping land, which is widely settled by small holders and utilized for annual cropping. Moderately severely eroded areas (153 has.) account for about 73% of the entire municipality while sight and no apparent erosion account for only 27%. The citys forest resources are severely depleted and still subjected to various forms of destruction caused by kaingin, forest fire, few timber pouching activities and even pests and diseases.

3.

Inadequate Transport Facilities in the Upland Area

The inadequacy of transport facilities in the upland areas of Toledo is brought about by poor infrastructure, high cost of transport fees and lack of transportation facilities. Some upland barangays are hardly passable during the wet season.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

185

7.9

Toledo City Natural Resource Management Potentials 1. LGU Powers and Functions

As a local government unit, Toledo City has to endeavor to be self-reliant and continue exercising the powers and discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon them. The city can also discharge the functions and responsibilities of national agencies and offices devolved to them. One of which is the implementation of integrated social forestry programs and similar projects, management and control of communal forest, establishment of tree parks, greenbelts and similar forest development project.

2.

Vast Areas with Production Potential

Toledo City has a land area of 22,915 has. with high potential for development. Of the total land area, only about 454.50 has or 2% are considered overused land. The rest of the area can be considered as underutilized sustainable land. These are the areas with high potential for development. The land capability profile of Toledo show that most of the are have wide opportunities for development.

3.

Production Areas Are Close to Market Centers

The production areas of Toledo City are close to the central market center of the province aside from the city itself. It has also access to the market centers of the nearby City of Talisay and Municipalities of Balamban, Pinamungajan and Minglanilla. Whatever increase in production or any farm product in Toledo can easily be marketed to any cities or municipalities mentioned above. In fact, practically all of Metro Cebu is not self-sufficient for food production. The metropolitan area imports food the Visayas. such as corn, vegetables, fruits and other farm products to and from Mindanao and other parts of

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page

186