LCH S T TNG TRIET HOC VIET NAM 1.

ieu kien hnh thanh, phat trien va nhng ac iem c ban a) ieu kien hnh thanh va phat trien - La mot nc nam pha ong Nam Chau A, Viet Nam co v tr a ly rat thuan li cho viec giao lu ve kinh te, chnh tr, van hoa vi hai nc co s phat trien sm la Trung Quoc va An o. T thi can ai tr i, Viet nam con co s tiep xuc vi nen t tng va van hoa the gii. - Vi phng thc san xuat Chau A, qua hang ngan nam cac dan toc Viet Nam thc hien nen kinh te nong nghiep, ma chu yeu la tieu nong lua nc da vao thien nhien va trnh o lao ong thu cong - kinh nghiem truyen i cua mnh1. Du at ai va cac tai nguyen khac eu thuoc quyen s hu phap ly cua nha nc, nhng co s phan cap giao quyen s hu thc te cho cac to chc lang xa quan ly va s dung. Che o t hu ve ruong at manh nha t cuoi thi Ly va phat trien vao thi can ai a lam xuat hien mot bo phan nho a chu trong xa hoi; nhng noi chung, trong lch s lau dai cua dan toc Viet Nam, ve can ban, khong dien ra s phan hoa giai cap sau sac. Ch khi thc dan Phap xam lc va at ach cai tr thuoc a mi dan ti s phan hoa giai cap manh me. V vay, ve c ban, lc lng thong tr trong xa hoi Viet Nam truyen thong la ang cap phong kien cau ket vi lc lng nho le giai cap a chu trong cac c s lang xa nong thon. Trong nhng thi ky Bac thuoc va Phap thuoc, mot bo phan lc lng thong tr o thng tr thanh cong cu cai tr cua cac the lc ngoai xam, nhng mot bo phan khac cap tien va co tinh than dan toc a to chc dan c au tranh, khi ngha chong lai cac the lc thong tr o e gianh oc lap dan toc. - Vi mot lch s co tren hai ngan nam van hien, dan toc ta phai trai qua hn mot ngan nam au tranh dng nc va gi nc. Do vay, lch s chnh tr Viet Nam trc het la lch s chong giac ngoai xam e xay dng, bao ve va cung co nen oc lap dan toc. Nhng du trong thi ky nao, c cau to chc xa hoi truyen thong Viet Nam cung la mot he thong kep ma he thong di la c cau cac lang xa khep kn cua cac nhom c dan nong nghiep2. Trong xa hoi phong kien oc lap t chu Viet Nam (t the ky X en the ky XVIII), nha nc quan lieu o luon co hai nhiem vu c ban la to chc dan c cac lang xa chong giac ngoai xam va xay dng, bao tr he thong thuy li, tc la thc hien chc nang kinh te va an ninh cua nha nc phong kien Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, t khi thc dan Phap ap at nen cai tr theo che o thuoc a (kieu cu), c cau xa hoi Viet Nam truyen thong o bat au co nhng thay oi, va thay oi rat c ban trong thi ky cach mang thanh cong va cong cuoc oi mi hien nay.
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Cuoi the ky XX mi co cuoc cach mang trong lc lng san xuat nong nghiep nhng rat han che. 2 Moi lang xa Viet Nam la mot c cau kinh te chnh tr van hoa hoan chnh khep kn va rat on nh qua nhieu the ky.

- Phng thc san xuat chau A c thc hien trong mot nen kinh te nong nghiep lac hau ton tai hang ngan nam, lai c bao ton bang mot c cau xa hoi khep kn cua cac lang xa a tr thanh c s hien thc cua mot van hoa lang mac. Tri thc c ban cua cac c dan nong nghiep truyen thong Viet Nam la tri thc kinh nghiem, c hnh thanh mot cach t phat t trong sinh hoat song hang ngay. Nhng tri thc nh vay khong u e he thong hoa thanh cac ly luan khoa hoc t nhien, thanh cac he thong triet hoc that s3, nhng chung gop phan lam nay sinh lch s t tng Viet Nam, trong o co t tng triet hoc. b) Nhng ac iem c ban: Qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien cac t tng triet hoc Viet Nam la qua trnh phat trien thong nhat trong mnh hai xu hng la xu hng t than t hien thc cuoc song cua dan toc Viet nam va xu hng tiep bien cac t tng triet hoc c du nhap t ben ngoai nh Nho giao t Trung Quoc va Phat giao co goc t An o trc o, con hien nay la chu ngha Mac - Lenin. Rat nhieu quan iem triet hoc cac cua hoc thuyet noi tren a c bien oi cho phu hp phong cach t duy triet hoc truyen thong cua ngi Viet Nam, tr thanh nhan to chu ao tao nen quan iem triet hoc cua ngi Viet Nam. - Ve noi dung, t tng triet hoc Viet Nam khong ch phan anh nhu cau co ket cong ong dan c lang xa va cong ong quoc gia dan toc e tao nen noi lc (xu the hng noi) ma con phan anh nhu cau hoc tap ngi nc ngoai e chong lai s xam lc nham bao ve nen oc lap dan toc e tm kiem them ngoai lc (xu the hng ngoai). Do vay ma y thc ve cong ong, ve oc lap chu quyen a c nay sinh rat sm, c nang len thanh t tng yeu nc va thng xuyen c nuoi dng, phat trien trong suot chieu dai lch s dan toc e ngay nay tr thanh chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam. - Ve hnh thc the hien, cac t tng triet hoc Viet Nam c the hien qua rat nhieu hnh thc phong phu, ch khong gii han trong cac trc tac cua cac nha t tng. T cac triet ly the hien thong qua cac truyen thuyet, ca dao, tuc ng mang nang tnh dan gian cho en nhng t tng c got dua kha ky trong cac tac pham; tham ch, ngay ca hoat ong cua cac phong trao dan toc cung la mot hnh thc va la mot phng thc the hien t tng chieu sau cua t duy triet hoc. 2. Nhng noi dung c ban cua lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam a) Nhng t tng triet hoc chnh tr, ao c va nhan van
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Mot so tri thc ve nghe thu cong vi t cach la nghe phu trong cac lang xa khong u e at ti trnh o cua cong nghiep va san xuat hang hoa pho bien. No thng c phat hien ngau nhien va tr thanh b quyet cua cac lang nghe truyen thong. Cac tri thc ve xa hoi cua ngi Viet Nam truyen thong can ban b gii han cac hieu biet mang tnh quy pham giao tiep trong to chc lang xa. Them vao o la nhng hieu biet ve truyen thong dan toc ma chu yeu la qua truyen khau. Khi co s giao lu tri thc vi cac hoc thuyet ln t Trung Quoc va An o, mot tang lp tr thc khong ln a co ieu kien tiep thu theo tinh than thc tien Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, nhng tri thc t cac hoc thuyet nay chu yeu la cac tri thc ve chnh tr - xa hoi

 T tng yeu nc: Trong lch s t tng Viet Nam, t tng yeu nc va la mot t tng chnh tr va la mot t tng ao c, nhan van; no khong ngng c suy t, chiem nghiem trong lch s au tranh dng nc va gi nc; cho nen xuyen qua chieu dai lch s dan toc no a at c chieu sau cua triet ly va tr thanh chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam. Chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam la mot the thong nhat ba quan niem sau sac ve dan toc va oc lap dan toc; ve mot quoc gia oc lap ngang hang vi phng Bac; ve nguon goc, ong lc cua cuoc chien tranh cu nc va gi nc. - Quan niem ve dan toc va oc lap dan toc a nay sinh rat sm ( cac c dan ngi Viet thuoc giai oan trc khi gianh c quyen oc lap dan toc nham xay dng mot quoc gia co chu quyen ngang hang vi cac trieu ai phong kien phng Bac) roi dan dan phat trien thanh ly luan (trong giai oan lch s mi khi dan toc a gianh c quyen oc lap t chu). Da tren s khac biet ve thien van va a ly, ngi Viet Nam a tng bc khang nh s ton tai oc lap, khong phu thuoc cua dan toc mnh vao toc Han; cho du ngi Han bang moi cach ra sc tng khang nh ieu ngc lai e lam c s t tng cho cac cuoc xam lc xuong pha Nam. T tng oc lap o, en thi Ly a c Ly Thng Kiet ke tha va khang nh Nam quoc sn ha Nam e c. Cuoc au tranh chong giac ngoai xam a buoc cac nha t tng phai khai quat ve mat ly luan t tng tren. Trong cac bc th gi quan Minh va nhat la trong tac pham ai cao bnh Ngo, Nguyen Trai a chng minh rang, cong ong toc Viet co u cac yeu to a ly, cng vc, phong tuc, lch s, nhan tai nen no a la mot cong ong ngi co be day lch s ngang hang vi cong ong ngi cua phng Bac, khong phu thuoc vao phng Bac. Nhan thc o cua Nguyen Trai a neu len c cac yeu to can thiet lam nen mot dan toc, a at c s ly luan cho s oc lap dan toc. Ly luan o a at ti nh cao cua quan niem ve dan toc oc lap di thi ky phong kien Viet Nam. No tao nen sc manh cho cong ong ngi Viet Nam trong cuoc au tranh chong quan Minh xam lc au the ky XV va ca giai oan lch s sau nay. Nhng khi thc dan Phap xam lc Viet Nam, ly luan tren to ra bat lc. Phai hn na the ky sau, vao nhng nam 20 cua the ky XX, Ho Ch Minh mi tm ra c ly luan cu nc mi va Ngi a lam cho khai niem dan toc va dan toc oc lap co noi dung va sac thai ngang tam thi ai mi tren mot c s the gii quan mi. - Quan niem ve nha nc cua mot quoc gia oc lap ngang hang vi phng Bac. Viet Nam trc va sau khi gianh c oc lap dan toc t s thong tr cua cac tap oan phong kien phng Bac, pham tru dan toc nam trong he t tng cua giai cap phong kien, gan vi tnh chat va a v cung nh vi che o chnh tr - xa hoi a tr thanh hnh thc ac biet quan trong e co ket cac yeu to cau thanh dan toc va la ieu kien e thc hien quyen dan toc. Trc khi ngi Han en, toc Viet a co nha nc Van Lang va Au Lac cua mnh. Ngi Han en, nha nc Au Lac b tieu diet, lanh tho cua toc

Viet b bien thanh mot bo phan cua toc Han. Ngi Viet au tranh chong lai s thong tr cua ngi Han cung co ngha la au tranh gianh quyen to chc ra nha nc rieng cua mnh, che o rieng cua mnh. Quyen xay dng nha nc rieng, che o rieng la muc tieu hang au cua cac cuoc au tranh gianh oc lap dan toc. Xay dng nha nc trong luc bay gi khong the khong tnh ti cac yeu to quoc hieu, quoc o, e hieu, nien hieu, Can phai lam sao e cac quoc danh, quoc hieu o va the hien c s oc lap dan toc, va cho thay s ben vng, s phat trien va s ngang hang vi cac trieu ai phng Bac4. - Quan niem nguon goc, ong lc cua cuoc chien tranh cu nc va gi nc. Muon chien thang c ke thu ong ao va hung manh cn phi ong vien c sc manh cua toan dan. Do vay, nhng suy t chieu sau triet hoc ve nguon goc va ong lc cua cuoc chien tranh cu nc va gi nc cung a tr thanh mot noi dung c ban cua chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam. Ly Cong Uan tng nhan manh Tren vang menh tri, di theo y dan, thay thuan tien th thay oi. Ly Phat Ma noi: Neu tram ho ma no u th ta lo g thieu thon. Tran Nhan Tong th noi: Ngay thng co th ve hai ben, en khi nc nha hoan nan th ch co bon gia no i theo thoi. Nguyen Trai noi: Ch thuyen la dan ma lat thuyen cung la dan, v.v. Ly Thng Kiet noi ao lam chu dan cot nuoi dan, v.v. en thi ai Ho Ch Minh, quan niem ve dan a c phat trien en mot trnh o cao hn va co c s ly luan cua chu ngha Mac Lenin. T tng trong dan a la c s cho ng loi e cao nhan, ngha va cho oi sach nhan hau, cho nhng bien phap nham han che mau thuan giai cap trong xa hoi. Quan niem ve ao lam ngi: Quan niem nay co lien quan mat thiet vi viec xac nh c s t tng cua hanh ong chnh tr, ao c va nhan sinh. Qua trnh suy t ve ao lam ngi a lam cho cac nha t tng Viet Nam tiep thu va ket hp tinh hoa cua ca ba ao Nho, Phat, Lao - Trang thanh mot t tng thong nhat phu hp vi ieu kien lch s chnh tr, ao c va cuoc song cua con ngi Viet Nam. Ho khong ch tham nhuan t tng nay ma con the hien no thanh hanh ong trong cuoc song. Tuy nhien, tuy theo cac ieu kien lch s cu the ma co the nhan thay vai tro troi hn cua moi ao trong moi nha t tng cung nh trong moi tnh huong cu the. Trong giai oan lch s Ly - Tran, ao Phat va ao Lao - Trang co xu hng phat trien va anh hng troi hn ao Nho. Ngc lai, trong giai oan lch s thi Le - Nguyen, ao Nho lai co xu hng c ton vinh. Moi nha t tng khi nhap the vao i pho vua, giup nc thng chu nhieu anh hng cua nhng t tng
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e thc hien ieu nay, Ly B a tng t bo luon cac ten goi ma ho a ap at cho nc ta, nh Giao Ch, Giao Chau, Nam Giao, Lnh Nam v.v. o la nhng ten goi gan lien vi s phu thuoc vao phong kien phng Bac. Ly B a at ten nc ta la Van Xuan. Sau nay nha inh at ten nc la ai Co Viet, con nha Ly lai at quoc hieu la ai Viet Hieu cua ngi ng au quoc gia cung c chuyen t Vng hieu sang e hieu e chng to s oc lap ngang hang vi Hoang e phng Bac. Kinh o cung c chuyen t Co Loa en Hoa L, roi t Hoa L en Thang Long e co c ni Trung tam cua b coi at nc v tr gia bon phng, muon vat phong phu tot ti cho tu hop cua bon phng (Chieu di o cua Ly Cong Uan), ni xng ang la kinh o cua mot nc oc lap va phat trien phon thnh.

ao Nho. Ngc lai, khi lui ve an hoac trong thi ky thanh bnh cua at nc lai co xu hng ton vinh nhng t tng cua ao Phat va ao Lao - Trang. b) Tiep bien mot so t tng triet hoc Phat giao - Tren phng dien ban the, cac nha tr thc thi Ly - Tran a suy ngam nhng t tng sieu hnh hoc cua triet hoc phat giao An o a c Trung Hoa hoa va truyen ba vao Viet Nam. V du, phai Thien tong coi pham tru triet hoc trung tam la ban the chan nh (thc tng cac phap hay ban the nh lai). Theo phai nay, cac hien tng (phap hu vi) luon bien oi khong ngng trong the gii ch la s bieu hien cu the cua mot c s thong nhat chung - ban the chan nh. V vay, muon at ti s giac ngo can phai vt qua the gii cac hien tng e at ti ban the chan nh bang con ng sieu viet vt qua cac hien tng, ch khong phai bang con ng i t trc quan sinh ong en ban chat tru tng. - Tren phng dien nhan sinh, Phat giao Viet Nam rat coi trong pham tru t bi. Da tren pham tru vo nga trong triet hoc Phat giao An o co ai, pham tru t bi noi len la tinh than bao dung gia con ngi vi nhau cung nh vi muon loai vo tnh va hu tnh. Vi pham tru t bi, triet hoc Phat giao Viet Nam a gop phan tao dng mot c s ly luan cho t tng nhan ai Viet Nam, von a co c s hien thc t lch s co ket cong ong dan toc. c) Tiep bien mot so t tng triet hoc Nho giao - Cac nha nho loi lac cua Viet Nam nh Nguyen Bnh Khiem, Ngo Thi Nham tiep tuc i sau vao triet ly tam sieu hnh hoc, gan lien vi sach Trung Dung (trong T th) va nhng chu giai cua cac nha Nho hoc Trung Hoa oi vi bo Chu Dch (trong Ngu Kinh). - Nhieu t tng tien bo trong cac quan iem ve chnh tr ao c cua Nho giao a c cac nha t tng Viet Nam ke tha theo tinh than thc tien cua dan toc nham xac lap y thc he cai tr phong kien theo mo hnh che o trung ng tap quyen. o la t tng than dan, trong dan, coi dan la goc cua quoc gia; o la t tng nhan, ngha trong i song chnh tr - xa hoi; o la moi quan he bien chng song trung gia vua - toi, cha - con, chong - v; o la cac pham tru ao c trung, hieu, tiet, ngha v.v. Trong khi ke tha va s dung cac t tng tien bo o, cac nha t tng Viet Nam a bo sung va lam thay oi cac noi ham mot so khai niem von co cua Nho giao Trung Hoa. d) S oi lap gia the gii quan duy vat va duy tam, triet hoc va ton giao trong lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam - Trong suot thi ai phong kien, qua trnh giao lu, tiep bien van hoa cac he t tng ben ngoai du nhap vao Viet Nam c ban a hoa thong qua cuoc au tranh gay gat gia the gii quan duy vat va the gii quan duy tam, gia triet hoc va ton giao, tn ngng. Cuoc au tranh o ch that s lang du khi cac he t tng triet hoc phng Tay, ac biet la triet hoc

Mac - Lenin c truyen ba vao Viet Nam. Ranh gii cuoc au tranh nay khong c phan nh ro rang va trai rong tren nhieu van e; trong o, chu ngha duy tam va ton giao thng bieu hien ra nh mot he thong ly luan kha chat che (do s giao thoa va co xu hng hp nhat cua ba ao Nho, Phat va Lao - Trang vi tn ngng dan gian co truyen cua ngi Viet) con cac quan iem duy vat va vo than con am tnh chat kinh nghiem, ngau nhien, le te. o la cuoc au tranh e xac nh moi quan he gia tam vat, linh hon the xac, ly kh ; e vach ra nguyen nhan, nguon goc cua cac s kien chnh tr cua at nc, s an nguy, hng - vong cua cac trieu ai; ban tnh so menh cua moi con ngi; ao tri - ao ngi, v.v.. - Moi khai niem c s dung trong lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam, ma tieu bieu la cac khai niem menh tri, nghiep, kiep, linh hon, the xac, v.v. eu bao ham trong mnh s an xen, giao thoa cua bon chieu t tng Nho - Phat - ao - Tn ngng dan gian. V vay, cung mot thuat ng (khai niem) nhng trong noi ham cua no co the bao ham nhng dau hieu khac nhau, tham ch t tng trai ngc nhau (do thuoc ve cac the gii quan khac nhau). Trong qua trnh phat trien, cac quan iem duy tam va ton giao a t boc lo nhng han che cua mnh trong viec giai thch phu hp vi thc tien cac s kien chnh tr xa hoi; do o, cac quan iem theo lap trng duy vat va vo than xuat hien thay the. Tuy nhien, cach giai thch nay khong the khong s dung cac thuat ng von co cua triet hoc ao Nho, Phat hay Lao Trang; do vay, no ch mang tnh duy vat va vo than t phat va thieu triet e. Thien menh von la thuat ng cua Nho giao nhng c giai thch theo quan iem duy vat va vo than, khi o, no c coi la cac lc lng khach quan, tat yeu cua gii t nhien ma khong phai la lc lng than b va nhan cach hoa. Van dung ly le ve s bien oi tat yeu khach quan c viet trong Kinh Dch, mot so nha t tng Viet Nam a giai thch khai niem thi - the theo nguyen tac duy vat va co tnh bien chng sau sac. Nhng t tng duy vat va vo than thng la ly luan cua tang lp tr thc cai tr tien bo va quan chung nhan dan nham cai bien van menh cua at nc; do o, chung thng c hnh thanh t thc tien lao ong va bao ve chu quyen quoc gia dan toc, xay dng quoc gia oc lap t chu trc cac the lc ngoai xam va phu hp vi nhng triet ly cua nhan dan. Tom lai, xet ve nguon goc, lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam la s phan anh lch s tren hai ngan nam co ket cong ong dan toc e dng nc va gi nc; la lch s phat sinh va phat trien cua t tng triet hoc trong qua trnh thng xuyen co s giao lu, tiep bien oi vi cac t tng triet hoc ln c du nhap t ben ngoai ma trc het la t Trung Hoa va An o; con xet ve cau truc, lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam lay chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam lam cot loi e tiep bien cac ly luan ben ngoai. Nhng t tng o a c nang len tam cao mi trong thi ai Ho Ch Minh vi s du nhap chu ngha Mac - Lenin va da tren thc tien mi cua thi ai.

3. Vai tro cua Ho Ch Minh oi vi s phat trien cua t tng triet hoc Viet Nam T khi thc dan Phap xam lc va at ach cai tr thc dan Viet Nam a lam xuat hien hai nhu cau ln cua lch s: mot la, giai thch s that bai cua trieu ai phong kien nha Nguyen; va hai la, tm con ng cu nc, giai phong dan toc. e giai quyet hai nhu cau o cua lch s, cac nha t tng Viet Nam thi ky nay a tr ve vi cac he t tng a co trong lch s - the gii quan va phng phap luan cua Nho giao va Phat giao (V du, Phong trao chan hng Phat giao Nam Ky vao cuoi the ky XIX, au the ky XX). Tuy nhien, moi co gang cua cac nha t tng Viet Nam thi ky nay eu that bai. Bi le: Ve mat thc te, s that bai cua trieu ai phong kien nha Nguyen la s that bai cua mot phng thc san xuat trnh o thap hn phng thc san xuat t ban chu ngha. phng Tay, phng thc san xuat t ban chu ngha a chng minh sc manh cua no bang viec tieu diet khong thng tiec phng thc san xuat phong kien va tiep tuc banh trng sc manh cua no tren pham vi quoc te. Ve mat y thc, he t tng t san trnh o phat trien cao hn he t tng phong kien, no da tren mot the gii quan duy vat thi can ai, gan lien vi nhng tri thc khoa hoc t nhien the ky XVII XVIII, trong khi o, he t tng phong kien Viet Nam trong lch s gan mot ngan nam thi ky oc lap t chu (t the ky X) la he t tng c xac lap tren nen tang duy tam, gan vi nhng quan niem ton giao va tn ngng - o la the gii quan va phng phap luan cua Nho giao va Phat giao5. V vay, moi no lc cua cac nha t tng Viet Nam thi can ai tm kiem li giai ap nhng nguyen nhan that bai cua trieu ai Nha Nguyen cung nh con ng giai phong dan toc eu that bai. e tao ra tang lp tr thc phuc vu cho muc tieu khai thac thuoc a, thc dan Phap a tien hanh tao dng mot he thong giao duc - ao tao Tay hoc vi noi dung c ban la cac kien thc khoa hoc ky thuat. ieu nay a tao c hoi cho s du nhap nhng t tng triet hoc phng Tay vao Viet Nam; nhng nhng t tng triet hoc phng Tay c du nhap vao Viet Nam qua tang lp tr thc Tay hoc can ban la nhng t tng triet hoc Tay Au thi can ai, the hien the gii quan duy vat sieu hnh, khong triet e (duy vat trong quan niem ve t nhien, con duy tam quan niem ve xa hoi). Du mot so nha t tng Tay hoc co long yeu nc nhiet thanh nhng vi the gii quan duy vat sieu hnh, khong triet e ho a khong the giai ap c nhng nhu cau ln lao cua lch s Viet Nam. Trc s that bai cua tat ca cac the gii quan va phng phap luan truyen thong Nho hoc, Phat hoc cung nh Tay

Ve mat the gii quan va phng phap luan, Nho giao, du la Trung Quoc hay Viet Nam, ve can ban eu la duy tam ve lch s; con Phat giao An o co ai co nhieu yeu to duy vat ben canh nhng t tng bien chng sau sac, nhng khi du nhap vao Viet Nam ve c ban la nhng t tng Phat giao a t nhieu Trung Hoa hoa, nen ve tong the va c ban, o van la the gii quan duy tam.

hoc, Ho Ch Minh a ra i tm con ng cu nc, giai phong dan toc. - iem xuat phat e Ho Ch Minh i ra nc ngoai tm con ng cu nc khong phai trc tiep la nhu cau i tm mot the gii quan va mot phng phap luan triet hoc mi, khong phai la mot ly luan triet hoc tru tng, ma la nhng ly luan, nhng bien phap co kha nang thc te nhat e dan dat, lanh ao phong trao yeu nc i en thanh cong trong thc tien chnh tr la giai phong dan toc - cu dan, cu nc; la lam sao e dan toc Viet Nam c oc lap, ong bao Viet Nam ai cung co cm an, ao mac, ai cung c hoc hanh. Cung tc la oc lap cho dan toc va t do, hanh phuc cho moi ngi dan lao ong. Suot ba mi nam tm ng cu nc, nh mot tat yeu lch s Ho Ch Minh a en vi chu ngha Mac Lenin, en vi he t tng cach mang va khoa hoc nhat cua giai cap cong nhan va nhan dan lao ong, en vi hoc thuyet thong nhat ba bo phan ly luan cau thanh la Triet hoc, Kinh te chnh tr hoc va Chu ngha xa hoi khoa hoc. - Triet hoc Mac - Lenin chnh la the gii quan va phng phap luan khoa hoc va cach mang nhat; la thanh qua v ai cua lch s triet hoc the gii. Linh hon cua no, sc song manh liet nhat cua no la phep bien chng duy vat trnh o ly luan cao nhat, khoa hoc nhat, vc qua khong nhng phep sieu hnh cua triet hoc duy vat can ai Tay Au ma con vt qua phep bien chng duy tam co ien c. The gii quan duy vat cua triet hoc Mac - Lenin a khac phuc c han che cua the gii quan duy vat can ai Tay Au chnh cho no a em lai mot quan niem duy vat va bien chng ve qua trnh phat trien cua lch s xa hoi loai ngi, lch s phat trien cua nhan loai. Trung tam cua nhng quan iem duy vat ve lch s chnh la hoc thuyet ve hnh thai kinh te - xa hoi. Ch co the gii quan duy vat bien chng va phep bien chng duy vat cua triet hoc Mac - Lenin mi co kha nang ly giai c mot cach ung an khoa hoc oi vi cac s kien lch s, du la cac s kien lch s phng Tay hay phng ong A6. - Ho Ch Minh a van dung the gii quan duy vat bien chng va phep bien chng duy vat e ly giai mot cach ung an khoa hoc nhng cau hoi at ra cua lch s Viet Nam thi can ai ma khong mot nha t tng tien bo nao co the lam c va nh cao cua s van dung o la tm ra ly luan va phng phap giai quyet ung an khoa hoc con ng giai phong dan toc ong thi xac nh hng phat trien cua xa hoi Viet Nam len hnh thai kinh te - xa hoi mi sau khi gianh c oc lap o la con ng nh hng phat trien xa hoi - xa hoi chu ngha. ieu nay a c khang nh trong Van kien ai hoi ai bieu toan quoc lan th IX cua ang Cong san Viet Nam: T tng Ho Ch Minh la mot he thong cac quan iem toan dien va sau sac ve nhng van e c ban cua cach mang Viet
6

Khong phai ngau nhien ma khi nhan xet ve gia tr cua cac hoc thuyet a co trong lch s, Ho Ch Minh a nhan manh rang cai hay cua chu ngha Mac la phng phap lam viec bien chng. ay, Ho Ch Minh a khang nh khong phai ch la cai hay cua phng phap t duy bien chng ma quan trong hn la phng phap bien chng duy vat trong to chc hoat ong thc tien.

Nam, la ket qua cua s van dung va phat trien sang tao chu ngha Mac - Lenin vao ieu kien cu the cua nc ta, ke tha va phat trien cac gia tr truyen thong tot ep cua dan toc, giai phong giai cap, giai phong con ngi, ve oc lap dan toc gan lien vi chu ngha xa hoi. Trong he thong t tng Ho Ch Minh, t tng triet hoc Ho Ch Minh ong vai tro la the gii quan va phng phap luan khoa hoc, cach mang cua nhng t tng ve oc lap dan toc, ve chu ngha xa hoi, ve van hoa, ve ao c, nhan van The gii quan va phng phap luan Ho Ch Minh la mot he thong toan ven, thong nhat cua nhng quan iem duy vat bien chng va duy vat lch s. Hat nhan cua the gii quan o la triet hoc Mac - Lenin; s phong phu cua the gii quan o la nhng tong ket kinh nghiem cach mang Viet Nam va cach mang the gii; ve ep cua the gii quan o c tao ra bi s ket hp chat che gia tnh khoa hoc cua the gii quan Mac - Lenin vi cac gia tr triet hoc truyen thong Viet Nam, cung nh cac gia tr cua lch s triet hoc phng ong va phng Tay. Chung ta co the tm thay trong moi li noi, viec lam, bai viet cua Ho Ch Minh s vng chac cua cac nguyen ly triet hoc Mac - Lenin, s tinh te cua cac triet ly trong nen triet hoc phng ong, phng Tay va mot chieu sau tham cua cac gia tr t tng triet hoc Viet Nam ve oc lap dan toc, ve nhan van, ve ao song, ao lam ngi cua dan toc Viet Nam. Vi Ho Ch Minh, lch s triet hoc Viet Nam a chuyen sang mot thi ky phat trien mi, hien ai. Thi ky hien ai cua lch s t tng triet hoc Viet Nam la thi ky phat trien t tng triet hoc vi noi dung c ban cua no la nguyen cu, van dung va phat trien cac nguyen ly cua triet hoc Mac - Lenin vao thc tien cach mang Viet Nam. o cung la qua trnh vt qua nhng han che va ke tha co chon loc cac gia tr trong lch s triet hoc Viet Nam cung nh lch s triet hoc phng ong va phng Tay theo muc tieu giai quyet cac nhiem vu cua cong cuoc xay dng chu ngha xa hoi Viet Nam.