Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 1

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources: Gorbachev, Mikhail. Memoirs: Mikhail Gorbachev. New York: Doubleday, 1996. Print. In this book, Mikhail Gorbachev looks back on his life and his ideas of perestroika and glasnost. His memories offered us extremely detailed information about what he was thinking when he had to make life changing reforms for the Soviet Union. Gorbachev also showed the positive side of the fall of the Soviet Union for other countries. This book related to the theme since it covered just about everything from being put in office, till the fall of the Soviet Union. It also contrasted with a lot of other books that Gorbachev wrote because he had different ideas from when he was currently making those reforms. We used this source to explain why Gorbachev believed that the Soviet Union needed to be changed and what his thoughts were when he realized that his doctrines were irreversible. Gorbachev, Mikhail. On My Country and the World. New York: Columbia University, 2000. Print. This source by Mikhail Gorbachev, described the big impact on Central Europe caused by Gorbachevs political movement, the opening of Brandenburg Gate and the fall of the Berlin Wall, which divided Europe into West and East. It also provided information about the meeting between the Soviet Union and the Germans. This is a useful source because it reflected different countries point of view about the Soviet Union and Gorbachev. This source was used to show how Germany changed, and how the relationship between Germany and the Soviet Union improved because of Gorbachevs proposal statement.

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 2 Gorbachev, Mikhail. Perestroika and Soviet-American Relations. Madison: Sphinx. 1990. Print. In Perestroika and Soviet- American Relations Gorbachev explained how perestroika reformed the Soviet Union and how others believed it would change society. We will use this source to give others a better understanding of perestroika and how it helped in destroying to Soviet Union. This source relates to the theme because it explains the effect the Soviet Union had on the United States and Germany. It was useful because it described the relations between the Soviet Union and other countries. At first we thought this book would be like Gorbachevs Perestroika: New Thinking for our Country and the World, but we soon found that this book was filled with speeches and interviews given by Gorbachev to Western audiences. We used this source to explain the tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States and what Gorbachev did to fix it. Gorbachev, Mikhail. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World. New York: HarperCollins, 1987. Print. This primary source by Mikhail Gorbachev gave us a lot of great information about perestroika, such as what caused it, and what complications arose because of perestroika. The information we found relates to the theme because it explained about perestroikas positive reaction among the people, but negative reaction among the officials. This source was excellent because we had believed that Gorbachev was responsible for ending the Cold War, but after reading this we realized that he still believed in Communism and was disappointed that he had made mistakes. This book also contradicted some information we found on the Internet, that had said that Gorbachev had wanted to destroy the Soviet Union. We used this information to show

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 3 how Gorbachevs reforms made many changes in the Soviet Union, including the collapse of it. Schepp, Matthias, Christian Neef, and Christopher Sultan, trans. They Were Truly Idiots. Spiegel Online International. SPIEGEL-Verlag, 16 Aug. 2011. Web. 23 Sep. 2012. This source is an interview with Mikhail Gorbachev, posted on an online magazine called the Spiegel Online International. The purpose of the interview was to discuss the last day of Soviet Union, and Gorbachevs failure to resolve the problem within the Communist Party. This source was different from the others we found because this interview explained that Gorbachev tried to fix the small errors in the Soviet Union but did not attend to the main conflict. This source represented the theme because it showed how Gorbachevs idea of perestroika failed and how Gorbachev lacked sufficient insight to human nature and underestimated the nations problems. This source helped us explain the situation with a better understanding of why the renewal of the Soviet Union failed from a better point of view. Simes, Dimitri K. After the Collapse: Russia Seeks its Place as Great Power. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1999. Print. Dimitri Simes explained that Gorbachev and Yeltsin did not get along well because they had extremely different ideas for the future of the Soviet Union. He also mentioned that the fighting between Gorbachev and Yeltsin confused other countries and they did not know what to think of the Soviet Union. Eventually, this fighting led to extreme measures from both sides. This book relates to the theme because it explained how the other countries thought of the Soviet Union, and also talked about the

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 4 relationship between Gorbachev and Yeltsin. We used this source to give examples of the reforms and ideas Yeltsin and Gorbachev had for the Soviet Union. Secondary Sources: Cold War. Cable Network News Perspectives. Cable Network News. WTCG, Atlanta, 1998. Television. This video source showed what the leaders of the countries within the Soviet Union thought of Gorbachev's reforms and how the people were affected. We saw that communist leaders relied on Soviet support to stay in power. The information supplied by the video relates to the theme because it explained what forces got in Gorbachev's way at the time, such as angry politicians, and what he did to get around those forces. This documentary was more useful than the other ones we have found because it contained more inside information on how the leaders of the different countries felt at the time. We used this to show that not everyone wanted change and freedom. Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. Toronto: Penguin, 2005. Print. This source showed us the pros and cons of the Cold War, and gave us a better understanding of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. It explained why the Cold War was necessary for both of the nations to clear their problems with one another. It also showed us how democracy spread through Europe after the end of the Soviet Union at a fast pace and how Gorbachev caused it unwillingly when trying to save the Soviet Union. This source related to the theme because the Cold War is one of the major events that led to the fall of the Soviet Union. It was quite similar to the sources by other supporters of Gorbachevs changes, but had a lot more detailed information. We used this information to explain how and why the Cold War ended, and

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 5 what impact it caused. We also used it show how the Cold War changed the way of thinking the countries had. Goldman, Marshall I. What Went Wrong with Perestroika. New York: W.W Norton, 1991. Print. This book explains all the things that went wrong with Gorbachevs reforms, and explained how his changes were not beneficial to everyone. This source follows the theme because the book explained how Gorbachev faced problems head-on and why his ideas failed. Like many of the books we found, we thought the author would be a supporter of the Soviet Union, but it turns out that Marshall Goldman did not like Gorbachev and did not support him or his ideas. We used this source to show a different point of view of the Soviet Union. Harrison, Paul. The Cold War. New York: Arcuturus, 2005. Print. This secondary source gave us a basic concept of the Cold War, and described how bad the situation was between the Soviet Union and the United States. It showed us what factors caused the major disagreement, including the races, different kinds of government, and ways of trade. When Gorbachev took office, he was determined to end the war, and during his time in office, he improved relations greatly. This source related to the topic because the Cold War was influential on the Soviet Union as a whole and changed the other countries views on the Soviet Union. We used this source to show what measures Gorbachev took to end the war and what happened to each of the countries during the Cold War, including how living conditions were, economy, and government ideas. We also showed how the war impacted, and in some ways, benefited each country.

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 6 Hay, Jeff. Perspectives on Modern World History: The Fall of the Berlin Wall. London: Gale Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a sign that Communism had ended in Western Europe. It signaled the other countries that the Soviet Union was letting go and was not enforcing Communism around the world anymore. This was caused when Gorbachev announced that his military forces would no longer prop up Communists which freed the Germans. This source related to our topic because it showed how the release of Communist ruling impacted Germany. It showed us about perestroika and glasnost, but was not very useful in showing why Gorbachev took down the Berlin Wall, like we thought it would. With this information, we explained how the fall of the Berlin Wall impacted the rest of the world into not being so scared of Communism and actually being free because of Gorbachevs doctrines. We also explained the hardships the Germans faced under Communist rule. Hughes-Wilson, John. A Brief History of the Cold War: The Hidden Truth About How Close We Came to Nuclear Conflict. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2006. Print. This book, written by a British military historian, explained what caused the Cold War and what caused it to end. This book also gave important details about the Berlin Wall and how its fall was related to Gorbachev and the Soviet Union. This secondary source represented the theme because it explained Gorbachevs impact on the Cold War and Germany. His book supported the idea that the Germans were affected by the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ending of Communism in Central Europe. We used this source to explained Gorbachevs influence on the Cold War.

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 7 Immell, Myra. Perspectives on Modern World History: The Dissolution of the Soviet Union. London: Gale Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. This book explained which and what events led to the fall of the Soviet Union and how the fall changed the lives of many people. This source gave us a better idea of what caused it to start to break apart, and what decisions many countries made to disband it. The information we found demonstrated to us what many people thought of Gorbachev as he made the changes. This book related to our topic because it was about the fall of the Soviet Union, and how Gorbachev set it in motion. The author described more of the steps that Gorbachev took rather than the consequences that followed. We used this source to explain how the fall was almost inevitable when Gorbachev took office due to his belief that people should have more rights. Due to this belief, many people did have more rights, but at the cost of the Union, which we plan to show. Kaiser, Robert G. Why Gorbachev Happened: His Triumphs and His Failure. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991. Print. Robert Kaiser described Gorbachevs triumphs and what had caused some of his failures. This source relates to the theme because it explained Gorbachevs struggles to maintain political stability in the Soviet Union and at the same time ease tensions with the rest of the world. This source was useful because it showed us his positive effect as well as his negative effect, unlike the other books which only demonstrated one side. Unlike some of the other books we have read, Robert Kaiser believes that Gorbachev failed his country more than helping the Soviet Union. We used this source to show what Gorbachev had really wanted for the Soviet Union, and what had went wrong with his ideas and reforms.

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 8 Marcus, Kenneth. Telephone interview. 11 Dec. 2012. Professor Marcus, Professor in Modern European History, provided very useful information about the political side of Gorbachevs reforms and the fall of the Soviet Union. He explained how the Russia immediately encountered a brain drain, or mass loss in intellectuals, immediately after the Soviet Union fell. He also discussed his opinions on Gorbachevs moves. We used this information to explain peoples point of view inside the United States. This interview related to the theme because Professor Marcus showed how other countries, such as China, could now be known as a world power, and how Russia diminished and was no longer a major power in the world. Medvedev, Zhores A. Gorbachev. New York: W.W Norton, 1986. Print. This secondary source gave us a better understanding of Gorbachevs accomplishments. This book relates to this years theme because it described the way the Soviet Union was before Gorbachev came to office, and how Gorbachev changed it. We thought this book would be about Gorbachevs policies, but this book still turned out to be quite useful because it is filled with information regarding Communist Party structure and procedures for governance, history, geography, the economy, speculation and opinion. We used this information to help explain what Gorbachev had done for the Soviet Union and what he could have done. Nosotro, Rit. Mikhail Gorbachev: 1931-The Last Soviet Leader. HyperHistory.net.HyperHistory.net, 9 Sept. 2010. Web. 21 Sept. 2012 This website biography explained Gorbachevs life and the events during his presidency. It also described his relations with his officials and other countries. It mostly focused on his life before his presidency, however, and little was focused on his time in

Huerta, Lau, Macias, Sanchez, Wang 9 office. However, it had information about the events afterwards, such as the coup to force him to resign, and Yeltsins domination of power. It also contained what Gorbachev founded, such as the Green Cross and the Gorbachev Foundation. We used this information to show how much Gorbachevs popularity decreased after his implemented reforms, and how he tried to improve foreign relations. This source relates to the theme because Gorbachevs reforms were a turning point for the people by giving them more freedoms than they had ever had before.

O Clery, Conor. Moscow, December, 1991: The Last Day of the Soviet Union. New York: Public Affairs, 2011. Print. The information we got from this book explained how Gorbachevs new ideas of glasnost and perestroika affected many aspects of life, including religion. He visited different countries and made an effort to improve the relationship between the Soviet Union and the foreign countries. His new doctrines not only restructured his country, but also influenced Europe as well. This source corresponded to the theme because it was about Gorbachev, who created the reforms that changed the Russian peoples lives by giving them more freedoms. The information we gathered from this source was useful because it showed us how Gorbachev vigorously tried to spread his ideas around. We used this source to show how the other parts of the world changed because of the fall of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union not only benefitted in some ways, but also lost in some ways because they were not one whole union anymore.