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Culture Documents
Virginia G. Santos
FS 101
Philippine Education was managed, supervised and controlled by the Friars for 300 years. The Spanish government failed to establish a workable educational system by completely delegating the task to the church. In the 19th century system was reorganized due to the lack of uniformity of instructions. Filipinos were taught according to their respective missionary discipline. To resolve the problem of teacher-student ratio, students assistants were hired, and more knowledgeable students were promoted as monitors and tasked to tutor other students.
GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA commented on the Philippine Education in 1887: The distressing cause of the distressed situation of Filipinos today is the anomalous
education received by the youth in the schools. They learn to read correctly and write gracefully, but they do not learn anything useful because they are not taught any. They are taught how to pray and never to work.
Expectedly, the friars opposed the reforms, resisted the secularization of education and institution of radical changes. Eventually, an introduction of liberal ideas will result to a demand of freedom from colonial rule that is why they did not want to lose control of the education. Spanish was the medium of instruction but limited only to the best schools in Manila at the end of the 19th century. Teaching in native dialects was continued by the friars. They argued that; they are teaching Filipinos to develop their own language; if Spanish speakers find it difficult learning the Castilian it would be more difficult for non- native speakers to be proficient in Spanish. For 300 years the delay of educational reforms made the colonial education out of date. Education in the Philippines remained outdated because it is irrelevant and failed to respond to the needs of the community even when dramatic changes of education, science, technology took place all over the world.
The 1902 General Superintendent formulated the following aims for secondary education: To fit the students for higher educational work of a general nature. To prepare for university work to offered later in Manila To prepare Filipino teachers to carry on successfully the work of education To educate for clerical positions and be fit for the trades and agriculture.
The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution mandates the Educational objectives under Article XIV: All schools shall aim to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and
vocational efficiency and to teach the duties of citizenship.
Reference: www. Slide share. Net/ melgazar www.the freedictionary.com PH.D Curriculum and Instruction Group Manual by Sarah Villanueva, Christy Lopez, Orlino Caoagan Sr., Leonardo Opulencia, Fely Rose Nacario, Jerica Liza Baculod, Maria Majan Esteban