Original compilation by Baulkham Hills High School Cadet Unit

BHHSCU, 22BN May 2010

Information from AAC NT Field Handbook and BHHSCU RCT Course 2009

AUSTRALIAN ARMY CADETS

FIELD HANDBOOK
BHHSCU 22 BATTALION

This handbook can be altered and redistributed in any way only if the previous paragraphs are left intact.

This handbook is property of: Name: _____________________ Unit: ________ ACU/SBU CDT No: _________

Patrol Commanders Checklist

BEFORE GOING OUT a. HQ has names of all cadets b. All cadets are dressed correctly c. Equipment and webbing checked d. Patrol has maps e. Patrol has compass and protractor f. All cadets have full water bottles g. All cadets have rations h. Radio check completed i. Radio operator has SOIs j. All information from Orders Group
k. Action if lost known by all

Pintail Radio VHF RT-F700

Hints: 1. Set sub-tone of 150 hertz on both Tx and Rx
channels.

2. If radio fails to receive when no handset is

connected, ensure internal speaker is switched ON by going into the Program Radio menu and scrolling down to Speaker. Then press ENTER to change it to on. 3. Once frequencies have been programmed in, ensure you turn the radio off, then on again to store the information. 4. If an external antenna is to be used, you must have an adaptor.

General Hints: 1. Keep antenna upright. 2. Check the power setting (Low, Medium) 3. Avoid low country. Select high ground. 4. Make maximum use of cleared country.

Radio Set VHF RT-F200 Radio Telecommunications

Pronouncing Numerals
1 WUN 2 TOO 3 THU-REE 4 FO-WER 5 FI-YIV 6 SIX 7 SEV-EN 8 ATE 9 NY-NER 0 ZEE-ROH

Power settings:
Low: 100 mW Medium 500 mW High 5 W

Program a frequency:
1. Set mode to FILL 2. Select DAY by pressing ENT then 2 3. Set CHAN switch to 1. 4. Enter frequency. Must be 5 numbers, and then press ENTER.

Appointment Titles
COMMANDER SECOND-IN-COMMAND QUARTERMASTER EXECUTIVE OFFICER TRANSPORT MEDICAL ADJUTANT ARMOUR ARMY AVIATION CHAPLAIN ELEC AND MECH ENGINEER INFANTRY ENGINEER ARTILLERY INTELLIGENCE REGIMENTAL POLICE SIGNALS SUNRAY SUNRAY MINOR MOLAR MOONBEAM PLAYTIME STARLIGHT SEAGULL MINOR IRONSIDE HAWKEYE SHEPHERD BLUEBELL FOXHOUND HOLDFAST SHELLDRAKE ACORN WATCHDOG PRONTO

Test: Set to TEST.

Radio Set HF RT-F100

Test:
1. Turn selector switch to TEST position. 2. Press 1 on keypad. 3. When display shows TX? Press 1 again. 4. When display shows R/T OK return to LOCAL

Program:
1. Press PGM for channel 1 2. Press PGM ENT FREQ, and then enter the frequency.

Common Prowords
ACKNOWLEDGE instruction to callsign on the net to acknowledge that it has heard a message which might not have been specifically addressed to it ALL AFTER and ALL BEFORE Used with reference to a catchword or phrase when requesting or giving repetitions or corrections ANSWER AFTER used to instruct a callsign that joins an established net, the order in which to answer calls CALL SIGN(S) Call-sign follows CANCEL Cancel the message or part of the transmission CLOSE DOWN Callsigns are called to close down when indicated. Acknowledgements are required CLOSING DOWN May I close down (until...) CORRECT You are correct, or what you have transmitted is correct. CORRECTION What has been said is wrong. The correct message follows. DISREGARD THIS TRANSMISSION Used to cancel a message or transmission DO NOT ANSWER Used when it is imperative that the called callsigns do not answer a transmission. When this proword is used, the transmission is to end with the proword out

EXEMPT The callsigns that follow are excluded from a collective or all callsigns call FETCH Used in conjunction with an appointment title to indicate who the caller wants to speak to FIGURES Used before sending groups of figures, digit by digit. Not used for callsigns, grid references, timechecks and DTG FROM Used by a relaying callsign to indicate the callsign originating the message GRID Used before any grid reference I AM ASSUMING CONTROL Used when a callsign takes over the net READ BACK Used by receiving callsign to satisfy themselves that they have received the transmission, or part of it, correctly I SAY AGAIN Used by sending callsign when making repetitions for emphasis, or response to a request to say again I SPELL Used when spelling out a word I VERIFY That which follows has been verified at your request. Used as a response to verify SILENCE SILENCE SILENCE Cease transmission on this net immediately SPEAKING Used in conjunction with an appointment title to indicate who is speaking THIS IS Indicates identity of calling callsign

THROUGH ME Invitation by a callsign to relay

through them

OVER This is the end of my transmission to you, a

reply is expected, go ahead and transmit

UNKNOWN CALLSIGN The identity of the callsign I

am calling is not known to me USE FULL PROCEDURE Full RATEL procedure is to be used VERIFY Verify portion indicated with originating callsign and send correct version WAIT I must pause for up to five seconds before replying. No other callsign is to transmit during this period WAIT OUT Your transmission is received, a further transmission on the same subject will follow later. Other callsigns may continue transmitting WILCO Message received, understood and will be complied with WORD BEFORE and WORD AFTER Used to identify part of a message MESSAGE A message follows that needs to be written down NOTHING HEARD Indication that no response has been received from a particular callsign OUT This is the end of my transmission, no reply is expected OUT TO YOU This is the end of my transmission to you, no reply is expected, and a call to another callsign follows immediately

RADIO CHECK Report signal strength and readability READ BACK Repeat this entire transmission back to
me entirely as received RELAY THROUGH Instruction to callsign to relay message through to another REPORT STRENGTHS AND READBILITY Call by NCS or callsigns to report how they hear one another ROGER I have received your last transmission satisfactorily SAY AGAIN Request for repetition of all, or portions indicated, of a message SEND I am ready to receive your message SILENCE LIFTED Silence has been lifted

Phonetic Alphabet
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ECHO FOXTROT GOLF HOTEL INDIA JULIET KILO LIMA MIKE NOVEMBER OSCAR PAPA QUEBEC ROMEO SIERRA TANGO UNIFORM VICTOR WHISKEY X-RAY YANKEY ZULU AL-FAH BRA-VOH CHAR-LEE DEL-TAH ECK-OH FOKS-TROT GOLF HOH-TELL IN-DEE-AH JEW-LEE-ETT KEY-LOH LEE-MAH MIKE NO-VEM-BER OSS-CAH PAH-PAH KEH-BECK RO-ME-O SEE-AIR-RAH TANG-GO YOU-NEE-FORM VIK-TAH WISS-KEY ECKS-RAY YANG-KEY ZOO-LOO

Radio dos and donts

Do Do
keep the antenna upright raise the antenna as high as possible an increased height of only a few feet often brings about a great improvement in signal strength avoid depressions select any nearby rises of ground make maximum use of clearings in dense woods select a site on an elevated location, artificial or natural, such as hills, masts, tress and towers move around in your location if signals are weak. Movement of only a few metres can make a vast improvement avoid screening by keeping well away from power lines, bridges and wire fences

Do Do Do

Do

Do

Do

select sites on forward slopes of hills. If this is not possible try to have the antenna clear of the crest note places where your signals are strong in an emergency return to such a place carry out operators maintenance regularly check antenna base and sections for good contact ensure battery is serviceable ensure correct frequency is set keep a signal operators log at all times allow the antenna to touch foliage or objects including the body site the antenna close to any obstructions between yourself and the distant station

Navigational Dos and Donts

1. Plot your course on a map and plan any detours
A. Dont make up the route on the ground as you go B. When the final route is decided, fill out a navigational data sheet

Do

Do

2. Check the compass and map at regular intervals

Dont rely on your sense of direction

3. Locate each bound before proceeding to the next checkpoint

A. Dont estimate position and proceed on an assumption B. Bounds should be unmistakable objects

Do Dont Dont

4. Count paces and estimate distance

A. Dont rely on instinct to judge distance travelled B. The tendency in close country is to over-estimate

5. When the objective is small, allow for error

A. Dont expect accuracy within metres when bounds are long distances apart B. Aim off, using an auxiliary object

6. Stay strictly on the bearing

A. Dont let scouts drift off course to take an easier route

B. With training, scouts can maintain direction for long periods without need of correction

Contact and Sighting Report

Used when contact has been made with another group. CONTACT (SIGHTING) REPORT A. Grid reference of contact/sighting B. Time of contact/sighting C. Number in group and description D. Intended actions of this callsign. E. Any other information relevant

7. Bypass bad going by deliberate measured bearing 8. Dont attempt to guess your way around an obstacle 9. If ground does not conform to map:
A. Stop; B. Mentally go back over course to find where the error occurred; and C. Reconnoitre to find landmark D. Dont blame aids and carry on

Example:
SIGHTING REPORT ALPHA GR 123456 BRAVO 1945 hrs CHARLIE 4 men and 1 woman DELTA Will remain in loc ECHO Boat is 100 metres off the shore and has fishing nets

10. Remember:
A. The compass is right B. The map is right C. You are WRONG.

Resupply Request
Use this format for rations, stores, clothing or water resupply. RESUP Number: (No. of RESUP) Date: (Current Date) From: (Radio callsign, COY, PLT) A. Type of resupply (rations, water, stores) B. Quantity required C. Delivery point. (Grid ref, landmark) D. Delivery time/ No later than. E. Radio callsign at pickup (if any) F. Frequency/channel G. Any backloading (Type and QTY) H. Any other information.

CASEVAC Request
Casualty Evacuation Request CASEVAC Once a request has been initiated all callsigns are to stay off the net unless requested to relay. A. Reporting unit (callsign) B. Grid ref for pickup (pref. on a track/road). If at night how pick up point will be identified C. No of casualties sitting D. No of casualties litter E. Description of injuries F. Urgent/priority/routine G. Requirement for specialist equipment H. Callsign and frequency at pick up point I. Additional remarks

Example:
RESUP Number 01 of 3/10/09, Callsign 0A ALPHA Rations BRAVO 20 CHARLIE GR 456345 cadets on side of road DELTA 1500 hrs NLT 1700 hrs ECHO Callsign 1 FOXTROT Channel 17 GOLF 3 bags of rubbish HOTEL Nil

Example: CASEVAC x3 NODUFF x3

ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ECHO FOXTROT GOLF HOTEL INDIA 70 ACU GR 123456 fork in road 2 sitting 0 Twisted ankle Routine Stretcher Callsign 13 on channel 15 Personal equipment to backload

Situation Report (SITREP)

SITREP (Number) AS AT (Date/time) A. Present location B. Intentions movement, bearing, etc. C. Admin condition of PLT, etc. D. Any other information

Transport Request
A. Callsign of requesting station B. Time required at pick up point C. Pick up location (Grid ref or landmark) D. Destination E. Time required to be at destination F. Number of passengers G. Any other relevant details.

Example:
FROM: 12 TO: 13 SITREP No. 4 AS AT 1618hrs, 15/05/10 ALPHA BRAVO GR 343656 Moving west to checkpoint ZULU. Will meet other patrol at RV. Some small blisters but not serious. Water down to one bottle per person. Resup at checkpoint requested. Numerous animal tracks are making movement easy.

Example:
TRANSPORT REQUEST ALPHA BRAVO CHARLIE DELTA ECHO FOXTROT GOLF 0A 1600 hrs GR 123456 Road junction Scale A 1700 hrs 19 Passengers have field equipment

CHARLIE

DELTA

Heat injury management

Definitions
Emergency cooling: Method of emergency cooling for a heat casualty dependant on the severity of the heat injury includes: a. Immediate first aid: strip clothing, wet skin and fan,
place in the shade

Responsibilities
Cadets: to ensure that they alert staff immediately of any increased risk factors or symptoms for heat illness, for both self and others. Cadets are also responsible for taking personal precautions to safeguard own health and safety in accordance with directions.

Risk factors
Environmental factors:
a. Includes humidity, temperature, wind, and exposure to sun b. Exposure to these factors over days (adds up) c. Unexpected changes to conditions (becomes hot suddenly)

b. Drink cool or chilled water c. Use of large fans preferably with water misting d. Place in air conditioned location e. Immerse in cool or chilled water (or ice & water) f. Intravenous fluids Heat injuries: The term applies to injuries caused by exposure to environmental heat. The four types of heat injury are: a. Dehydration b. Over hydration c. Heat exhaustion d. Heat stroke

Personal factors:
a. Activity level: type of activity, length of activity, amount of rest/work b. Clothing: body heat is lost through skin therefore amount and type of clothing will regulate heat loss c. Human factors: various including age, weight, BMI, physical fitness, amount of food and water consumed, salt replacement, some medications

Factors to consider:
a. Recovering from or suffering from an illness b. Overseas travel within 48 hours of the activity c. Recent participation in another endurance event d. Fast shallow breathing e. Big night out within the week of the activity

Prevention:
a. Avoid long distance air travel within 48 hours of the activity b. Avoid participating in other endurance events within 2 - 3 weeks of the activity c. Avoid late nights in the week prior to the activity d. If any of the above factors apply or just prior to the activity you feel less than 100% for any reason, reconsider your participation in the activity

a. Skin less elastic b. Urine reduced volume and concentrated (colour) c. Sweat higher rate d. Physical capacity reduced endurance, accelerated onset of fatigue e. Heart rate faster, work seems more tiring f. Appetite suppressed g. Mental indicators less alert, increased lethargy, difficulty concentrating and confused / irrational

Treatment:
a. Water increase consumption b. Rest well in shade to cool down c. Loosen clothing (single layer) d. Avoid physical exertion until re-hydrated e. Report to staff through chain of command

Dehydration
Cause:
a. An excessive loss of water from the body b. Also involves the loss of important elements such as potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) c. Vital organs like the kidneys, brain and heart cannot function without a minimum amount of water and salt

Over hydration
Cause:
a. Potentially fatal b. Most often occurs in exercise lasting four hours or longer c. Result of consuming excessive fluids, made worse by not replacing sodium losses d. Sever cases may involve seizures, increased intracranial pressure, fluid in the lungs and respiratory arrest

Signs and symptoms:

Signs and symptoms:

a. Headache b. Fatigue c. Nausea d. Symptoms are very similar to those for dehydration treatment:

c. Failure of bodys cooling mechanism d. Core body temperature > 40 degrees Celsius

Signs and symptoms:

a. Heat exhaustion symptoms but more severe b. Altered mental status: agitation, confusion, delirium or disorientation c. Nausea d. Vomiting e. Elevated core body temperature usually > 40 degrees Celsius f. Can progress to loss of consciousness, coma or seizures

Medical emergency: evacuate to medical facility immediately Prevention:

a. Drink electrolyte drinks instead of, or in addition to, water b. Monitor your urine and make sure you are urinating at regular intervals and that the urine is light yellow to clear. If you are not urinating or your urine is dark in colour, you may be dehydrated. c. Drink cool water (1 litre) every 30 minutes, with maximum 2 litres d. If no improvement in 30 minutes, evacuate for medical treatment

Heat exhaustion
Cause:
a. Most common heat illness b. Body fatigue and strain on the heart due to excessive blood flow c. skin trying to cool the body down d. Dehydration e. Inadequate acclimatisation f. Inadequate physical fitness for the task

Heat stroke
Cause:
a. Most serious form of heat injury b. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures

Signs and symptoms:

a. Dizziness b. Fatigue, weakness

c. Headache d. Nausea e. Unsteady walk f. Rapid pulse g. Shortness of breath

Principles of Fieldcraft
Camouflaging with the environment makes you undetectable to the enemy.

Treatment:
a. Active cooling use best means possible b. Move to shade c. Loosen clothing d. Lay flat and elevate feet e. Spray/pour water on person and fan f. Monitor with same staff member g. Assess mental status every few minutes

Definitions:
Cover Protection from enemy fire. Concealment Protection from observation and discovery of existence. Observation Close and careful study of terrain and vegetation.

Medical emergency: evacuate to medical facility immediately

a. Cool aggressively b. Move to shaded area c. Remove all clothing to underwear d. Pour water over the body, especially the head e. Fan vigorously f. Assess mental status every 2 minutes (ask person/place/time) g. Do not give water if unconscious h. Continue cooling during evacuation/transport

Hints:
Shape of webbing Shove leaves and twigs into your webbing to conceal the shape of the webbing and disguise yourself as a tree. Watches and wristbands Prevent your watch or wristband from showing by hiding it under your sleeve.

5 Ss and an M.
Shape Shadow Spacing Silhouette Shine Movement

Shape Military equipment and the human figure are easily seen. Ghillie suits distract the human figure and webbing. Shadow Hide your shadow using another objects shadow for example, a tree. Spacing Keep random spacing between cadets to reduce possibility of consistent fire. Silhouette Shape on background Shine Boot polish or watches shining in the sun. Always make your boots dirty before entering the field, and conceal watches and reflective objects under your sleeve. Movement Your body or shadow movement.

c) Tall grass provides concealment, but movement through it may make it wave with an unnatural motion, thus attracting the enemys attention d) After disturbances of wildlife, remain still for a few minutes and observe. e) Take advantage of any distractions, eg. explosions, loud noise, etc. to cover any movement f) Use fog, smoke, etc. to conceal movements

Movement techniques:
a) Ghost walk lift foot carefully, position slowly and

then step
b) Monkey run crawling on hands and knees c) Leopard crawl crawling on stomach and arms d) Rush run across unconcealed ground, drop

quickly

Individual daylight movement

a) Before leaving a place of concealment, the next position to which it is intended to move and the best route should be selected. b) The movement of low foliage could attract attention by moving higher branches and leaves ort by creating noises

Basic First Aid

The initial assistance before medical aid arrives.

DRABCD is the plan used when a potentially unconscious person is found. Before attempting anything, call the ambulance (000, or 112 for mobiles) for help. x Danger o Check for danger o Is there a danger for yourself, others or the casualty? o Remove danger or move casualty if safe x Response o Check for response o Is the casualty unconscious? o Squeeze casualtys shoulders, ask their name o If unconscious, monitor for signs of life and treat any life-threatening injuries x Airway o Check the airways o Is there foreign material present? o Open mouth and check for foreign material o If there is then place in recovery position, open the casualtys mouth and scoop out the casualtys material with your finger x Breathing o Check for breathing o Is the casualty breathing?

The 5 Ps of First Aid

o Promote a safe environment o Preserve life o Prevent injury and illness from worsening o Promote recovery o Provide comfort

Definitions:
Duty of care > once you start first aid, dont stop until help comes Negligence > if you dont cause harm to the casualty Consent > obtain consent if possible. Document everything

Before starting First Aid

x Wash hands, use gloves where possible x Do not transmit any bodily fluids bag any fluids for documentation x Report to officer where and when appropriate

DRABCD

o Tilt head back o Look, listen and feel for breathing for up to 10 seconds o If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor for signs of life o Initial Breaths Turn casualty onto back, tilt back head, give two initial breaths Ensure chest rises with each breath x CPR/Circulation/Compressions o 30 compressions on lower half of breastbone o Tilt head backward and give two rescue breaths o Alternate 30:2 compressions:breaths o Compress to 1/3 of casualtys chest o Stop when medical help arrives or the casualty physically tries to push you away o Use two hands with fingers firmly interlocked o Continue with CPR until ambulance arrives An infant is classified as a child under 12 months Use two fingers for compressions Continue with CPR until ambulance arrives x Defibrillation o Turn on defibrillator (where available) o Follow voice prompts

Field Signals
Field signals are silent gestures used in the field to convey messages. Accuracy is vital. You must be silent, otherwise theres no point. There should also be no vigorous movement. Follow me: Halt/lie down:
open right hand, up & down open hand, up & down, L arm Turn around: L arm down, in circles Come here: fist to forehead Hurry up: right fist up and down Slow down: open right hand, left & right Enemy forces: thumbs down Friendly forces: thumbs up SEC COMD (CPL): two fingers to left arm PLD COMD (SGT): two fingers to shoulder Freeze and listen: cupped hand to ear Single file: right arm out to right side fist moving side to side Staggered file: Arrowhead FRMN: hands and arms back in arrow shape Extd. line FRMN: both arms out to side

Cadet Qualities
Performance
Application ability to immerse (get involved in training) Persistence determination to give it a go Ability to learn ability to apply acquired skills, knowledge and attitude Initiative ability to act sensibly without orders and with common sense and confidence.

Attitude demonstrated involvement and commitment towards training Mateship ability to be friendly, to share burdens and help others.

Values
Will to win encourages professionalism, determination and tenacity Mateship and teamwork equality, trust, tolerance, friendship Dedication to duty - committed to obligations physically and mentally capable to perform tasks at all times Courage - danger met with firmness, control of personal fear, physical and moral strength Honour - a value upon which the reputation for worthy behaviour depends Loyalty - faithful to leaders, determining objectively and arguing fearlessly the best case when advice is called for.

Discipline
Conduct compliance to orders, regulations and instructions Dress/Bearing how the cadet presents themselves Personal organisation ability to be at the right place at the right time with the right equipment Teamwork ability to work with others to achieve a team or group mission, task, etc.

Cadet Qualities
Self-confidence belief in themselves that they have the ability to perform in given circumstances Interpersonal skills ability to mix and communicate with others and gain support and trust from others