Emkin PushOver Analysis

Push-Over Analysis
by
Leroy Z. Emkin, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Founder and Co-Director
Computer Aided Structural Engineering Center
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0355 U.S.A.
Tel:+1-404-8942260
Fax:+1-404-8948014
email:casec@ce.gatech.edu
Web Site: www.gtstrudl.gatech.edu
A Nonlinear Push-Over Analysis using GTSTRUDL 29Beta of a structure with the

following characteristics will be described:
Number of:
Joints
=
3,589
Space Frame Members
=
2,030
Nonlinear Spring FE's
=
1,702
Possible Plastic Hinge Locations =
2,358
(656 RC Beam Hinges, 1702 Steel Column Hinges)
Push-Over Analysis - Global X-Direction

(1. PushOver-X-8#30.gti)
1,702 Nonlinear Springs
2,358 Possible Plastic Hinge Locations
STRUDL 'CHILE' 'PUSH-OVER ANALYSIS, 4/5/2006'

$
$
$
$
-----------------------------------------------------------------------PREALLOCATE VIRTUAL MEMORY.

THIS MAY, BUT NOT ALWAYS, PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT
IN COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE FOR LARGE COMPUTATIONAL JOBS.
LARGE PROBLEM SIZE 5 $ 1, 2, 3, 4 OR 5

$ -----------------------------------------------------------------------UNITS M MTON
$ GENERATE ALL JOINTS
GENERATE 37 JOINTS ID 1 1 X 0 6
REPEAT 19 TIMES ID INCR 37 Y 1
REPEAT 4 TIMES ID 740 Z 6
STATUS SUPPORT JOINTS 1 TO 37, 741 TO 777, 1481 TO 1517 2221 TO 2257, 2961 TO 2997
JOINT RELEASES
1 TO 37, 741 TO 777, 1481 TO 1517 2221 TO 2257, 2961 TO 2997 FORCE X Z MOMENT X Y Z
$ ------------------------------------------------------------$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ DEFINE NONLINEAR PERFECTLY ELASTO-PLASTIC SPRINGS
UNITS MTONS CM
NONLINEAR SPRING PROPERTIES
$ 3 PILES LEFT TO RIGHT (L2R)
CURVE 'ZL2R=0' FORCE VS DISPLACEMENT SYMMETRIC
0.0 0.0
2.59 0.39 2.59 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC SPRING, STIFFNESS =
2.59MT/0.0039M = 664MT/M
0.0 0.0
5.38MT/0.0052M = 1035MT/M
0.0 0.0
8.17MT/0.0064M = 1277MT/M
0.0 0.0 12.59 0.73 12.59 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC SPRING, STIFFNESS =
12.59MT/0.0073M = 1724MT/M
17.00MT/0.0081M = 2099MT/M
23.00MT/0.0091M = 2527MT/M
29.00MT/0.0100M = 2900MT/M
36.50MT/0.0113M = 3230MT/M
44.00MT/0.0125M = 3520MT/M
52.50MT/0.0134M = 3918MT/M
61.00MT/0.0142M = 4296MT/M
71.25MT/0.0153M = 4657MT/M
0.0 0.0 81.50 1.63 81.50 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC SPRING, STIFFNESS = 81.50MT/0.0163M = 5000MT/M
$ 2 PILES RIGHT TO LEFT (R2L)

CURVE 'ZR2L=0' FORCE VS DISPLACEMENT SYMMETRIC
0.0 0.0
2.20 0.30 2.20 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0
4.90 0.41 4.90 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0
7.50 0.52 7.50 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 11.80 0.59 11.80 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 16.00 0.66 16.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 21.80 0.75 21.80 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 27.50 0.84 27.50 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 34.80 1.06 34.80 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 42.00 1.28 42.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 46.00 1.35 46.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 50.00 1.41 50.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 64.50 1.53 64.50 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 79.00 1.65 79.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 88.00 1.74 88.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
0.0 0.0 97.00 1.82 97.00 10000.0 $ ELASTO-PLASTIC
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
2.20MT/0.0030M =
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
4.90MT/0.0041M = 1183MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
7.50MT/0.0052M = 1442MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
11.80MT/0.0059M = 1992MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
16.00MT/0.0066M = 2424MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
21.80MT/0.0075M = 2900MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
27.50MT/0.0084M = 3274MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
34.80MT/0.0106M = 3278MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
42.00MT/0.0128M = 3281MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
46.00MT/0.0135M = 3407MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
50.00MT/0.0141M = 3546MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
64.50MT/0.0153M = 4216MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS
79.00MT/0.0165M = 4788MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS
88.00MT/0.0174M = 5057MT/M
SPRING, STIFFNESS =
97.00MT/0.0182M = 5330MT/M
END
$ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ DEFINE NONLINEAR SUPPORT SPRING INCIDENCES, ORIENTATION, AND ASSIGNED STIFFNESS PROPERTIES
NONLINEAR SPRING ELEMENT DATA
INCIDENCES
$ SPRINGS AT Y = 0 METER
'EP1'
TO 'EP37'
ATTACHED
'EP741' TO 'EP777' ATTACHED
'EP38'
TO 'EP74'
ATTACHED
$ SPRINGS AT Y = 2 METERS
'EP75'
TO 'EP111' ATTACHED
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
1 TO 37
741 TO 777
1481 TO 1517
2221 TO 2257
2961 TO 2997
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
38 TO 74
778 TO 814
1518 TO 1554
2258 TO 2294
2998 TO 3034
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
75 TO 111
815 TO 851
1555 TO 1591
2295 TO 2331
3035 TO 3071
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
112 TO 148
852 TO 888
1592 TO 1628
2332 TO 2368
3072 TO 3108
TO
TO
TO
TO
149 TO 185
889 TO 925
1629 TO 1665
2369 TO 2405
TO
TO
TO
TO
186 TO 222
926 TO 962
1666 TO 1702
2406 TO 2442
733MT/M
'EP223' TO 'EP259' ATTACHED TO 223 TO 259
$ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------STIFFNESS
'EP1'
TO 'EP37'
X CURVE
'EP741' TO 'EP777' X CURVE
'EP38'
TO 'EP74'
X CURVE
'EP75'
TO 'EP111' X CURVE
'ZL2R=0'
'ZL2R=0'
'ZL2R=0'
'ZR2L=0'
'ZR2L=0'
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=0'
'ZL2R=0'
'ZL2R=0'
'ZR2L=0'
'ZR2L=0'
'ZL2R=1'
'ZL2R=1'
'ZL2R=1'
'ZR2L=1'
'ZR2L=1'
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=1'
'ZL2R=1'
'ZL2R=1'
'ZR2L=1'
'ZR2L=1'
'ZL2R=2'
'ZL2R=2'
'ZL2R=2'
'ZR2L=2'
'ZR2L=2'
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=2'
'ZL2R=2'
'ZL2R=2'
'ZR2L=2'
'ZR2L=2'
'ZL2R=3'
'ZL2R=3'
'ZL2R=3'
'ZR2L=3'
'ZR2L=3'
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=3'
'ZL2R=3'
'ZL2R=3'
'ZR2L=3'
'ZR2L=3'
'ZL2R=4'
'ZL2R=4'
'ZL2R=4'
'ZR2L=4'
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=4'
'ZL2R=4'
'ZL2R=4'
'ZR2L=4'
'ZL2R=5'
'ZL2R=5'
'ZL2R=5'
'ZR2L=5'
Z
Z
Z
Z
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
CURVE
'ZL2R=5'
'ZL2R=5'
'ZL2R=5'
'ZR2L=5'
'ZL2R=6' Z CURVE 'ZL2R=6'

'EP334' TO 'EP370' X CURVE 'ZL2R=9' Z CURVE 'ZL2R=9'
END SPRING DATA
$ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNITS M MTONS
$ ------------------------------------------------------------$ GENERATE ALL MEMBERS AT TOP OF STRUCTURE
TYPE SPACE FRAME
$ MEMBERS IN Z-HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
GENERATE 4 MEMBERS ID 'Z-1' 1 FROM 704 740 TO 1444 740
REPEAT 36 TIMES ID 4 F INCR 1 TO INCR 1
$ MEMBERS IN X-HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
GENERATE 36 MEMBERS ID 'X-1' 1 FROM 704 1 TO 705 1
REPEAT 4 TIMES ID 36 F INCR 740 TO INCR 740
$ ----------------------------------------------------$ GENERATE PILE MEMBERS
$ PILES AT Z = 0 METERS (MEMBERS 'P-1' TO 'P-555')
GENERATE 37 MEMBERS ID 'P-1' 1 F 1 1 T 38 1
REPEAT 13 TIMES ID 37 F 37 T 37
DELETE; JOINTS 556 TO 703; ADD
$ ----------------------------------------------------$ Group members by geometry
DEFINE GROUP 'COLUMNS' ADD MEMBERS 'P-1' TO 'P-1702'
DEFINE GROUP 'X-BEAMS' ADD MEMBERS 'X-1' TO 'X-180'
DEFINE GROUP 'Z-BEAMS' ADD MEMBERS 'Z-1' TO 'Z-148'
$ SPECIFY MEMBER PROPERTIES

UNITS MM
MEMBER PROPERTIES
'P-1' TO 'P-1702' PIPE OD 1100 THI 13
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
'X-1' TO 'X-180', 'Z-1' TO 'Z-148' RECTANGLE B 800 H 1500
UNITS M
MATERIAL STEEL MEMBERS 'P-1' TO 'P-1702'
MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMBERS 'X-1' TO 'X-180', 'Z-1' TO 'Z-148'
SELF WEIGHT LOAD 1 'SELF WEIGHT OF ALL BEAMS AND PILES' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
LOAD 'PUSH-X'
JOINT LOADS
704 TO 3664 BY 740 FORCE X 100
BYPASS $ ------------------------LOAD 'PUSH-Z'
JOINT LOADS
704 TO 740 FORCE Z 100
BYPASS $ ------------------------$ ================================================================
$$* **
$$* ** Plastic hinge definition at the start and end of the beams
$$* **
UNITS MTONS M
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
$ FY, FSU, and FCP (F'c) in MT/M**2
$ ESH is the strain at the onset of strain hardening
$ FSU is the maximum strain hardening stress
$ ESU is the strain corresponding to FSU
PLASTIC HINGE START END FIBER GEOMETRY NB 16 ND 30 LH 0.05 $ Steel bars elasto-plastic (FY), and includes
STEEL FY 42000.0, FSU 63000.0 ESH 0.0075 ESU .050 - $ strain hardening influence (FSU, ESH, ESU)
R-C RECT B 0.8 H 1.5 FCP 3000.0 EC0 .002 BARS UNESCO - $ ASTM, KOREAN, UNESCO, CANADIAN, & BRITISH
START TOP 8 30 BOTTOM 8 30 COVER 0.050 - $ 8 #30 UNESCO BARS AT TOP & BOTTOM = 56.56 CM**2, COVER = 5 CM
END
TOP 8 30 BOTTOM 8 30 COVER 0.050 - $ 8 #30 UNESCO BARS AT TOP & BOTTOM = 56.56 CM**2, COVER = 5 CM
MEMBERS GROUP LIST 'X-BEAMS' 'Z-BEAMS'
PLASTIC HINGE END FIBER GEOMETRY NTWALL 1 NTH 36 LH 0.05 STEEL FY 34000.0, FSU 51000.0 ESH 0.0075 ESU .060 MEMBERS GROUP 'COLUMNS'
$ Steel elasto-plastic (FY), and includes

$ strain hardening influence (FSU, ESH, ESU)
$ PRINT NONLINEAR EFFECTS

$ ================================================================
$$* **
$$* ** Perform pushover analysis -- displacement control
$$* **
PUSHOVER ANALYSIS DATA
CONSTANT LOAD 1
INCREMENTAL LOAD 'PUSH-X'
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LOAD INCREMENTS 150 $ 40
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF TRIALS 20 $ 11
LOADING RATE 0.5
CONVERGENCE RATE 0.5 $ 0.6
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE COLLAPSE 0.005 $ 0.0010
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE EQUIL 0.001
$ 0.0001
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYCLES 100
END
QUERY
PERFORM PUSHOVER ANALYSIS
$ ******************************************
SAVE '1-PushOver-X-8#30.gts'
$ ******************************************
$$* **
$$* ** Displacement history at control joint 704
$$* **
UNITS MM
OUTPUT BY MEMBER
LOAD LIST 'PAPUS000' $ GROUP 'IncrLds'
LIST DISPLACEMENTS JOINT 704 718
$$* **
$$* ** Selected Reactions
$$* **
UNITS MTONS METERS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
LIST REACTIONS JOINTS 1 18 37
$$* **
$$* ** End forces in left column
$$* **
LIST FORCES MEMBER 'P-1' TO 'P-519' BY 37
$$* **
$$* ** List plastic hinge results
$$* **
LIST PLASTIC HINGE STATUS
LIST PLASTIC HINGE DUCTILITY RATIO RZ MEMBER 'P-1' TO 'P-519' BY 37 $ Z-BENDING PLASTIC HINGES
LIST PUSHOVER DUCTILITY RATIO TX TARGET JOINTS 704
LIST PUSHOVER DUCTILITY RATIO TX TARGET JOINTS 718
$ LOAD LIST GROUP 'IncrLds'
UNITS MM RADIANS
LIST PLASTIC HINGE DISPLACEMENTS MEMBERS 'P-1' TO 'P-519' BY 37
UNITS MTONS M
LIST PLASTIC HINGE STRESSES MEMBERS 'P-1' TO 'P-519' BY 37
LIST PLASTIC HINGE STRESSES STEEL
MEMBERS 'Z-1' 'X-1'
LIST PLASTIC HINGE STRESSES CONCRETE MEMBERS 'Z-1' 'X-1'
$ FINISH
Push-Over Analysis - Global Z-Direction

(2. PushOver-Z-8#30.gti)
1,702 Nonlinear Springs
2,358 Possible Plastic Hinge Locations
Same as file "1. PushOver-X-8#30.gti," except push-over analysis is in the Global Zdirection.
SELF WEIGHT LOAD 1 'SELF WEIGHT OF ALL BEAMS AND PILES' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
BYPASS $ ------------------------LOAD 'PUSH-X'
JOINT LOADS
704 TO 3664 BY 740 FORCE X 100
BYPASS $ ------------------------LOAD 'PUSH-Z'
JOINT LOADS
704 TO 740 FORCE Z 100
704
705 706 707
X X
X X 708
X
3664
X
735736
X X 737738 739
X X
X X 740
Y
X 37
Full 3D Model Analyzed with Push-Over Analysis
704
X
706
X
X X X
1 2 3
Y
Z
708
X
710
X
712
X
X
5
X
7
X
9
732
X
734
X
736
X
738
X
740
X
X
37
3664
X
2924
Z-4
X
X
2184
Z-3
X
X
1444
Z-2
X
X
Z-1 704
X
X
P-519
X
P-963
X
X 519
P-1296
X
X1148
P-1518
X
P-1666
X
X 1777
X 2406
X 3072
Y
Z
X 2961
3664
X
X 2221
Z-4 2924
X
X
X 1481
Z-3 2184
X
X
X 741
Z-2 1444
X
X
X1
Z-1 704
X
X
P-519
X
P-963
X
P-1296
X
P-1518
X
P-1666
X
X P-1629
XP-1592
P-1555
X
X
2961
Y
Z
X P-1407
X P-1370
P-1333
X
X
2221
X P-1074
X P-1037
P-1000
X
X
1481
X P-630
X P-593
P-556
X
X
741
X P-75
X P-38
P-1
X
X
1
IND LOAD PUSH-Z
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
o
o
Y
X
Z-Direction Forces Along the Long Edge of the Model

Shown at One End of the Model
Z-Displacements at Onset of Instabilty
3700
X
X 1.565E-02
Y -1.783E+00
Z 2.087E+02
X 2.079E-03
Y -1.981E+00
Z 2.090E+02
3684
X
X -1.565E-02
Y -1.783E+00
Z 2.087E+02
Displacements at Joints
Load PAPUS000
MM
Y
X
Moment Z
Load PAPUS000
M-MTONN
VAL 1.631E+02
X
LOC 0.0
X
X
X
X
X
3669
X
X
X
X
X
VAL -8.631E+00
LOC 6.000E+00
3664
X
3665
X
X
X
3666
X
X
X
3667
X
3668
X
VAL -5.794E+02
LOC 8.500E-01
6
X
5
X
4
X
3
X
2
X
1
X
X
741
X
1481
X
Y
Z
Y-Moments in Pile Members, and Z-Moments in Beams due to Z-Direction Forces
2221
X
2961
X
Moment Y
Load PAPUS000
M-MTONN
3664
X
2924
X
2184
X
1444
X
704
X
VAL -5.814E+02
LOC 9.000E-01
2961
X
2221
X
1481
X
741
X
1
X
Z
Y-Moments in Pile Members, and Z-Moments in Beams at X=0 due to Z-Direction Forces
Pushover Results, Load Factor vs Joint Displacement

4
3.75
3.5
3.25
3
2.75
Load Factor
2.5
2.25
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
Joint 704 Displacement Z (M)
0.15
0.175
0.2
Pushover Results, Member Force vs P-H Displacement

600
550
Member P-445 End Moment Y (MTO-M)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Member P-445 End P-H Rotation Y (DEG)
0.08
0.09
0.1
IND LOAD PUSH-X
100.00
o
100.00
o
100.00
o
100.00
o
100.00
o
Y
X
X-Direction Forces at One End of the Model
X-Displacements at Onset of Instabilty
3700
X
X 3.411E+02
Y -2.574E+00
Z 1.238E+01
X 4.023E+02
Y 1.612E+00
Z 3.060E+01
3664
X
1444
X
X 6.087E+01
Y 1.360E+00
Z 4.715E+00
Y
X
3669
X
VAL 4.392E+02
LOC 0.0
2929
X
2189
X
1449
X
VAL 4.269E+02
LOC 1.600E+01
3664
X
709
X
VAL -1.626E+02
LOC 1.000E+00
VAL -3.941E+01
LOC 6.000E+00
487
X
X2961
X6
X1 Y
X
Z-Moments in Beams and Pile Members Due to X-Direction Forces
Pushover Results, Load Factor vs Joint Displacement

18
17
16
15
14
13
12
Load Factor
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Joint 704 Displacement X (MM)
45
50
55
60
Pushover Results, Member Force vs P-H Displacement

0
-10
-20
Member P-1222 End Moment Z (MTO-M)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
-170
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
Member P-1222 End P-H Rotation Z (DEG)
-0.001

Emkin PushOver Analysis

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Emkin PushOver Analysis

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Push-Over Analysis

A Nonlinear Push-Over Analysis using GTSTRUDL 29Beta of a structure with the

Push-Over Analysis - Global X-Direction

STRUDL 'CHILE' 'PUSH-OVER ANALYSIS, 4/5/2006'

-----------------------------------------------------------------------PREALLOCATE VIRTUAL MEMORY.

LARGE PROBLEM SIZE 5 $ 1, 2, 3, 4 OR 5

$ 2 PILES RIGHT TO LEFT (R2L)

'ZL2R=6' Z CURVE 'ZL2R=6'

$ SPECIFY MEMBER PROPERTIES

$ Steel elasto-plastic (FY), and includes

$ PRINT NONLINEAR EFFECTS

Push-Over Analysis - Global Z-Direction

Full 3D Model Analyzed with Push-Over Analysis

IND LOAD PUSH-Z

Z-Direction Forces Along the Long Edge of the Model

Z-Displacements at Onset of Instabilty

Y-Moments in Pile Members, and Z-Moments in Beams due to Z-Direction Forces

Pushover Results, Load Factor vs Joint Displacement

Joint 704 Displacement Z (M)

Pushover Results, Member Force vs P-H Displacement

Member P-445 End Moment Y (MTO-M)

Member P-445 End P-H Rotation Y (DEG)

IND LOAD PUSH-X

X-Direction Forces at One End of the Model

X-Displacements at Onset of Instabilty

Z-Moments in Beams and Pile Members Due to X-Direction Forces

Pushover Results, Load Factor vs Joint Displacement

Joint 704 Displacement X (MM)

Pushover Results, Member Force vs P-H Displacement

Member P-1222 End Moment Z (MTO-M)

Member P-1222 End P-H Rotation Z (DEG)

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